英语语法--主谓一致

英语语法--主谓一致

主谓一致

三个原则：语法一致，意义一致，就近一致。

语法一致：1.用and和both……and连接的并列主语，其谓语动词通常用复数形式

（注：①单个主语被不同并列定语修饰时，其谓语动词用复数

e.g. Both bread and butter were sold out in that shop.

②并列主语若指同一个人，同一事物或同一概念，其谓语动词要用单数

形式，此时，and后面的名词无冠词

e.g.The red and the white rose are beautiful.

③由and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果分别有every,each,no 或

many a修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式）

e.g.Many a (=many) teacher and many a student has seen it.

2.在主谓语倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。

e.g. Here comes an old lady!

3.一个名词后面有as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, but,

except, besides, with, along with, together with, like, including, in

addition to等连接作用的词语带其他名词，谓语动词和第一个名词一致。

e.g. He, like you and Xiao Li, is very clever.

All students except Tom are going.

4.某些不定代词，如either, neither, each, one, the other, another, whoever,

whatever, anybody, anything, somebody, someone, something, everybody,

everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等，当它们做主语时，其

谓语动词通常用单数形式，其相应的代词一般采用第三人称单数形式。

e.g. Each of the girls has an orange.

注：each作主语时，位于用单数 Each has his own room.

each作同位语时，谓语与they一致 They each have their own rooms.

5.由两部分构成的物体名词，如scissors剪刀，compass圆规，trousers, shorts

短裤，pants裤子衬裤，socks短袜，gloves手套，scales天平，spectacles/glasses眼镜，shoes,其它以-s结尾的名词，如clothes, goods,

wages, arms, thanks等一般作复数用，连用的动词和代词也用复数形式。

e.g. The scales are mine.

但是，若表示成双的东西的名词前有pair of 修饰时，其谓语动词要与pair的

数一致。

e.g. Three pairs of compasses were lost.

6.由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要根据短语中后

面名词的数而定。

e.g. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea .

Only 30 percent of the students in the class are boys .

7“a number of+名词复数”作主语，谓语动词用复数，但“the number of +

名词”的中心词却是number,谓语动词用单数。

e.g. A number of students have gone to the countryside to help with the

autumn harvest.

The number of pages in this book is two hundred.

8短语“more than +数词+名词复数”作主语时，其谓语动词要用复数形式，但

“more than one +名词”后面要用单数谓语。

e.g. More than two hundred people have attended the ball.

More than one person has voted against him.

9.被kind构成短语修饰的名词充当主语时，其谓语动词的数为：

单数谓语

单数名词+of this kind

this kind of +单/复数名词

复数谓语

复数名词+of this kind

these kinds of +复数名词

e.g. This kind of men is dangerous .

10.如果主语是一个非谓语动词短语或从句时，谓语动词用单数，但是如果两个

表示不同概念的非谓语动词短语或从句做主语，谓语动词用复数形式。

e.g. Smoking/T o smoke is a bad habit .

Where to go and when to go are not decided yet.

When and where to go is not decided yet.

注：what 引导的主语从句根据意思决定谓语用单数或复数。

e.g. What he said is correct .

What he left me are a few old books.

11.在定语从句中，1）关系代词who, what, which等在定语从句中作主语是，其

谓语动词的数应与句子中先行词的数一致。

e.g. Those who want to go please sign their names here.

Some of the energy that is used by man nowadays comes

from the atom.

2)如果先行词是一个句子，从句用单数谓语。

e.g. As is known to all , China is a country with long history.

3)在某些句型中：one of the +复数名词+定语从句+复数谓语the only one of the +复数名词+定语从句+单数谓语

e.g. He is one of the students who have been to Beijing .

He is the only one of the students who has been to Beijing .

意义一致：1.表示时间，距离，价格，度量衡，容积，体积等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时，其谓语动词通常用复数形式。

e.g. Five pounds is quite enough.

2在说一个算式时，表示数目字的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形

式。

e.g. Three times nine is twenty-seven.

Sixteen divided by two is eight.

但是，加，乘法也可以用复数

e.g. Ten times four is/are forty.

3.以-ies结尾的学科如mathematics, physics, politics等，及news等，都

属于形复意单名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。

e.g. The news was spread by the people.

4用作书名，剧名，报纸名，国名，地名等的复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词通

常用单数形式。

e.g. “The Arabian Nights” is a very interesting storybook.

5表示总称意义的名词public, police, people, youth, cattle（牛群）等形

式上是单数，但意义上是复数，这类词作主语时，其谓语动词用复数形式。

e.g. The police have not arrested the murderer.

6有些集合名词如equipment, furniture, baggage,/luggage, clothing及抽

象名词如traffic, laughter, shouting等无复数形式，不可与不定冠词连用，

要用单数谓语动词。

e.g. All this equipment is old-fashioned.

7.有些集合名词如family, team, group, crew(全体船员)，class, audience,

government, company, committee(委员会),army等，作主语时，如果作为一个

整体看待，其谓语用单数，若就其中一个个成员而言，则谓语动词要用复数。

e.g. Her family is going to have a picnic.

Her family are very anxious about him.

名词population的使用情况类似。

e.g. The population of the earth is increasing very fast.

One third of the population here are workers.

8有些名词单复数形式一样，如fish, sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, means, works(工厂，著作)，谓语动词根据实际意义选用单数或复数。

e.g. A Chinese studies in the college.

We Chinese are a brave people.

9表示数量的one and a half 的后边要用复数名词，作主语时其谓语要用单数形式。

e.g. One and a half apples is left on the table .

10.疑问代词who, what, which，不定代词all, more, most, some, any, none

等以及名词half, the rest, the remainder 等，它们作主语时，既可以表示

复数意义，又可以表示单数意义，其谓语动词须视情况分别采用

单，复数形式。

e.g. Who is your brother?

Who are League member?

All were silent.

All goes well.

注：none of +复数名词可接单数或复数谓语，none可指人也可指物，而no one

只能接单数谓语，并只能指人。

e.g. None of them want/wants to go .

There is no one in the room .

11以“定冠词the+adj./n.”作主语时，若指的是一类人，其谓语用复数；若指的是抽象概念，其谓语则用单数。

e.g. The English speak English.

The good is beautiful and the beautiful lives forever.

就近一致：1.用连词or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but(also)…,not…but,等连接的并列主语，谓语动词与离它最近的主语一致。

e.g. No only you but also he is wrong.

2.在倒装句和存在句中，谓语往往和后面的第一个主语取得一致。

e.g. There is a notebook , two pen and some books on the table.