代词及所有格

代词及所有格
代词及所有格

名词的格

名词所有格的构成方法,在名词后加“'s”。如:Tom→Tom's为“…的”,若遇上以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“’”即可。如:Teachers’ Day , two weeks' holiday,而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加's 。如:Children's Day 关于名词所有格,应掌握以下几点:

1.可用名词所有格表示地点。如:my aunt's 我姑姑家。go to the doctor's 去医生家。

2.表示两人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加's 如:Lucy and Lily's room露西和莉莉的房间(同一个房间)

Lucy’s and Lily's rooms露西和莉莉的房间(两个房间)

3.掌握词组:a girl of five 一个五岁的女孩 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友

如:The white shirt is _____and blue one is_______ .

A、Kate,my B.Kate's,mine C.Kate,mine D.Kate's,my

4.双重所有格:

双重所有格即“of + 名词’s 所有格”,表示整体中的一个或部分。用于修饰of前面的名词,但此时of前面的名词一定要有一个a(an),two,any,some,several,no,few,another或this,that,these,those之类的修饰语(这个修饰语一般不能是one和the)。

双重所有格也可由“of+名词性物主代词”构成, 如:a friend of mine 我的一位朋友。

例Do you know any friends of my husband’s?

Two classmates of my sister’s will come to join us.

注:在双重所有格中,用作介词补足成分的所有格的名词必须是确定特指的,而且一般指人。

例an old friend of my father’s(=one of my father’s old friends)我父亲的一个老朋友

this lovely baby of my aunt’s 我姨妈的可爱的孩子

①David talked with a friend of ______ on the Internet for a long time yesterday.

A. he

B. his

C. him

D. himself

②He is a friend of David’s.

一. 人称代词

1.人称代词的人称、数和格,如下表所示。

物主代词

1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,如下表所示。

2. 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词,可在句中作定语。例如:

Our teacher is coming to see us.

This is her pencil-box.

3. 名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词,在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。

Our school is here, and theirs is there.(作主语)

--- Is this English-book yours? (作表语)

--- No. Mine is in my bag.

I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? (作宾语)【天津真题】

( ) ---Is it your ticket? (天津2002. 24)

--- No, ______ is in my pocket. It’s _______.

A. mine, her

B. my, his

C. mine, hers

D. my, hers

( ) ---_______ school is much larger than ______. (天津2003)

---Really?

A. Our, your

B. Our, yours

C. Ours, yours

D. We, you

( ) Is there any difference between your idea and ______? (河北2009)

A. he

B. his

C. she

D. her

( ) David talked with a friend of ______ on the Internet for a long time yesterday. (贵州安顺2009)

A. he

B. his

C. him

D. himself

三. 指示代词

指示代词包括:this,that,these,those。

1. this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人,that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人,

例如:

This is a pen and that is a pencil.

We are busy these days.

In those days the workers had a hard time.

2. 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物,this 和these则是指下面将要讲

到的事物,例如:

I had a cold. that's why I didn't come.

What I want to say is this , pronunciation is very important in learning English.

3. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词,常可用that或those代替,例如:

Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.4. this 在电话用语中代表自己,that 则代表对方。例如:

Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?

【理解】这两类词this/these和that/those的使用区别:

1. this/these 表示近处的事物that/those表示远处的事物

2. this/these表示下文要说的事that/those 表示上文说过的事

3.在打电话时,用this 介绍自己,用that询问对方

【知识点】代词it的用法

1. 指代前面提到过的事物,如:The book on the desk is not mine. It is Jim’s.

2. 代替指示代词this或that, 如:---What is that? ---It is a pen.

3. 代替婴儿或者不明身份的人,如:Some is knocking the door. Please go and see who it is.

4. 指代时间或季节,如:It’s ten o’clock now.

5. 指代天气,如:It’s sunny today.

6. 指代距离,如;How far is it from your school to your home?

7. 用于以下固定句型中:It is + 形容词+ (for/of sb.)to do sth.

It’s time to do/for/that ….

It seems that…..

It’s one’s turn to do……

It’s + 形容词+ that 从句

It is/was +被强调部分+ that….

【天津真题】

( )1. ---Who is singing in the classroom? (天津2007. 31)

---______ must be Susan.

A. She

B. It

C. This

D. He

反身代词

英语中用来表示"我自己","你自己","他自己","我们自己","你们自己"

等意义的代词称为反身代词,也有人称之为自身代名词,其形式如表所示。

【理解】

1. 反身代词的使用要和动作发出者保持数和人称的一致

2. 反身代词常见词组:teach oneself = learn by oneself 自学enjoy oneself 玩的开心

help oneself 随便吃/ 用come to oneself 苏醒

by oneself 亲自hurt oneself 受伤

★either & neither :

共同点:当构成“either/neither of + 名词或代词的复数+ 动词”时,动词需用第三人称单数

当构成“either…or…”“或者…或者…”和“neither…nor…”“既不…也不…”连接两个事物时,后面动词应当遵循就近原则,和后面一个事物在人称与数上一致

不同点:either表示两者之间的一个;neither表示两者都不

【模型】用适当的词填空:

1. _______ Mr.Li ________ Mr.Zhang is in Hong Kong now.

(李先生和张先生现在都不在香港。)

2. _______ is interesting.

(两个都没有趣。)

3. _______ of them will go to China next month.

(他们中的一个下个月要去中国)

★it, one, that做代词的区别:

it主要指代前面提到的同一物,如:I have a cat. We call it Mimi.

one用来指代前面出现的单数名词,相当于a/an+单数名词,表泛指概念,往往是同类而同一物,如:This apple is small. Please give me a big one.

that用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词,相当于the+单数/不可数名词,如:The weather is hotter today than that yesterday. 【陷阱题】

(D) ---What a hot day! Have you had a drink? (江苏南京2008)

---Yes. But I’d like to have _____ after work.

A. it

B. one

C. other

D. another

不定代词

不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。

现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下:

1. some与any的区别

1)some多用于肯定句,表示“一些,几个”作形容词时,或疑问句中表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表达请求时。

后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词;②可数名词复数+复数动词。

Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library.

. Some rice in the bag has been sold out.

2)any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中,表示“一些,任何”用作形容词时,

后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词;②可数名词复数+复数动词。

If you have any questions, please ask me.

There isn't any orange in the bottle.

Have you got any tea?

3)any和some也可以作代词用,表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中,some多用于肯定句中。

----How many people can you see in the picture?

---I can't see any.

If you have no money, I'll lend you some.

【模型】下列哪些该填any哪些该填some?

1. There aren’t _____ students in the classroom.

2. Look! _______boys are playing football.

3. ----Would you please give me ______ coffee? --- Sure.

few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别

1)用作形容词:

例I'm going to buy a few apples.

He can speak only a little Chinese.

There is only a little milk in the glass.

He has few friends.

They had little money with them.

2)a little和little也可以用作副词,a little表示“有点,稍微”,little表示“很少”。

I'm a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry)

Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep)

Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级)

She slept very little last night.

3. other, the other, another, others, the others的区别。

1)other可以作形容词用,后面可以跟单数或复数名词,意思是“其他的、

别的”。

Where are his other books?

I haven't any other books except this one.

2)other也可以用作代词,与冠词the连用构成“the other”,表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one ..., the other ...”句型。

He has two brothers. One is 10 years old, the other is 5 years old.

She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.

3)other作代词用时,可以有复数“others”,泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some 搭配构成“some ...., others ...”句型。

Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.

This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.

4)“the others”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。

In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.

5)another可以作形容词用,修饰后面的名词,意为“另一个”,还可以跟代词one.

You can see another ship in the sea, can't you?

Mary doesn't want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one?

6)another也可以作代词用,表示“另一个”。

I'm still hungry after I've had this cake. Please give me another.

all和both的用法。

1)all指三者以上,或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数,也可以用作复数。

All of us like Mr. Pope. 我们都喜欢Pope先生。(作主语)

= We all like Mr. Pope. (作同位语)

All the water has been used up. (作主语)

2)both作代词。

①与其他名词或代词并列出现,表示“两个都”。

Lucy and Lily both agree with us.

How are your parents? They're both fine.

②与“of +代词(或名词)”连用,表示“两者都”。

Both of them came to see Mary.

Both of the books are very interesting.

③单独使用,表示“两者(都)”。

Michael has two sons. Both are clever.

3)both用作形容词,放在名词之前,修饰该名词,表示“两者都”。

Both his sisters are our classmates.

【中考演练】

一. 单项填空

1. Tom, Please pass ________ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers.

A. you

B. me

C. him

D. her

2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it.

A. a little

B. little

C. a few

D. few

3. ---You want ________ sandwich?

---Yes, I usually eat a lot when I’m hungry.

A. other

B. another

C. others

D. the other

4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _______.

A. they

B. them

C. themselves

D. theirs

5. ---Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk?

---______________, thanks. I’d like a cup of tea.

A. Either

B. Neither

C. Both

D. None

6. ---Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.

---Never mind. You can have ________.

A. us

B. ours

C. you

D. yours

7. ---Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?

---_______ is OK. I’m free today and tomorrow.

A. Either

B. Neither

C. Both

D. None

8. ---How are you going to improve _______ this term?

---Work harder than last term.

A. ourselves

B. myself

C. himself

D. yourself

9. ---Could you tell me _______ she is looking for?

---Her cousin, Susan.

A. that

B. whose

C. who

D. which

10. ---Is _______ here?

---No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave.

A. everybody

B. somebody

C. anybody

D. nobody

常见易混淆英语词汇集锦

1. exercise, exercises,

exercise运动,锻炼(不可数);练习(可数),

take exercise 做运动

3. work, job

二者均指工作。work不可数,job可数a good job,

What interesting work it is!

What an interesting job it is!

4. cook, cooker

cook厨师,cooker厨具

He is a good cook.

5. police, policeman

police警察的总称,后接复数谓语动词,

policeman 指某个具体的警察,复数是plicemen

8. a number of, the number of

a number of许多,谓语动词用复数。

the number of…的数目,谓语动词用单数。

The number of students is increasing.

9. in front of, in the front of

in front of范围外的前面,in the front of范围内的前面A boy sits in the front of the room.

10. next year, the next year

next year将来时间状语,the next year过去将来时间状语

He said he would go abroad the next year.

12. people, a people

people指人,单词本身就是复数

a people指一个民族The Chinese is a peace-loving people.

13. it, one

it同一物体,one同类不同一

I lost my pen. I used it just now. I have to buy a new one.

14. that, this

that指代上文所提到的,this导出下文所要说的I was ill. That's why I didn’t go to school.

15.none强调数量,

nothing指物

no one强调有没有,指人

--- How many…/How much…? --- None.

16. anyone, any one

anyone指人,不能接of,

any one指人/物均可,可接of, any one of you

19. other, another

other后接名词复数,another后接名词单数,any other 任何其他的

other students, 其他的学生another student 另一个学生

20. many, much, a lot of

many和可数名词连用,much和不可数名词连用,

a lot of可数,不可数均可

21. much more…than, many more…than

much more+后接形容词或不可数名词+…than,

many more+可数名词+…than

many more people, much more water, much more beautiful

22. no, not

no=not a/any,

no friend=not a/any friend,

no water=not any water

23. by oneself, for oneself,

by oneself单独的,独自的,for oneself为自己

24. at all, after all

at all根本,全然, not … at all 一点也不

after all到底,毕竟After all he is a child.

27. high, highly

high具体的高,highly抽象的高,高度的think/speak highly of(高度赞扬)

28. sleeping, asleep, sleepy

sleeping正在睡觉,asleep睡着,熟睡,只能做表语(表状态),sleepy困的,有睡意的

a sleeping baby,The baby is asleep. I'm sleepy.

29. real, true

real真的,真实的,指的是事实上存在而不是想象的,

true真的,真正的,指的是事实和实际情况相符合

real gold, a true story

30. pleasant, pleased, pleasing

pleasant常用作定语,pleased常用作表语,pleased主语常为人,

a pleasant trip,be pleased with…对…感到满意/开心

31. ill, sick

ill做表语,sick定语、表语均可

a sick boy, He is sick/ill.

32. good, well

good形容词,well副词,但指身体状况是形容词

He is well again.

33. hard, hardly

hard努力,(形容词,副词)hardly几乎不(副词)

work hard;I can hardly believe it.

34. excited, exciting(类似的词有:interesting, interested等)

excited使人兴奋的,exciting令人兴奋的

I'm excited. The news is exciting.

35. before long, long before

before long不久以后,long before很久以前

36. happy, glad

happy高兴,幸福,做定表均可,glad高兴,只能做表语

a happy girl, I’m happy/ glad to see you.

37. instead, instead of

instead是副词,放在句首或句末,instead of是介词短语,放在句中

He didn't see a film. Instead he watched TV.

He watched TV instead of seeing a film.

38. too much, much too

too much太多后接不可数名词,

much too太。。。后接形容词much too heavy

40. bring, take, carry, fetch

bring拿来;take带走;carry随身携带;fetch取来,去回这一往返动作fetch a box of chalk

41. spend, take, pay, cost

spend人做主语,花钱,花时间; spend…on sth./(in) doing sth;

take物做主语,花时间; It takes sb some time to do sth.;

pay人做主语,花钱,pay for sth. 为…而付钱

cost物做主语,花钱;sth cost some money

42. join, join in, take part in

join加入某个组织,团体,并成为其中的一员; He joined the army five years ago.

join in参加小型的活动,

take part in 参加大型的活动

44. want, hope, wish

want打算,想要,want to do, want sb. to do,

hope希望(通常可以实现),hope to do / hope that + 句子

wish希望(通常不能实现)wish (sb.) to do, wish sb/sth. + n. I wish you success.

45. answer, reply

answer及物动词,answer the question; the answer to the question;

reply不及物动词,后接to, reply to the letter

the key to the problem

46. leave, leave for

leave离开(某地)

leave for前往某地He left Beijing for Shanghai.

48. win, lose, beat

win后接sth.,反义词为lose,

beat后接sb. win the game, beat them

49. live on, live by

live on以…为主食,

live by靠…谋生

live on fish/ live by fishing

make a living 谋生

50. catch a cold, have a cold

catch a cold不能和表示"一段时间"的状语连用,而have a cold可以

She has had a cold for a week.

51. change into

change into变成Water changes into ice.

52. go for a doctor, go to a doctor

go for a doctor去请医生,go to a doctor去看病

53. arrive, get, reach

arrive不及物动词,后接in (大地点),at(小地点),

get不及物动词后接to,

reach及物动词

arrive in Beijing, get to Beijing, reach Beijing

54. agree with同意某人,

agree to同意某事,

agree with you, agree to the plan, agree to do sth

55. receive, accept

receive收到某一东西,但不一定接受,

accept接受

I received a gift, but I didn't accept it.

56. wear, put on, dress

wear和dress表状态,

wear接衣服等,可用进行时,she is wearing ….. wear a pair of glasses dress接人,be dressed in,

put on表动作

It's cold outside. Put on your warm clothes.

57. listen, hear

listen强调动作,listen to sth.

hear强调结果I listened, but I heard nothing.

hear of hear about

58. look, see, watch

look看的动作,look at the blackboard

see看的结果;

watch强调所看物体的变化、移动和发展watch TV

61. close, shut, turn off

close和shut当关闭时可以通用,用于可开合的物体,

turn off用于指有开关的物体

Close/Shut the door. Turn off the TV.

62. at, in (表地点)

at小地点,in大地点

arrive at a small village, arrive in Shanghai

63. day after day, day by day

day after day日复一日(无变化); day by day一天天地(有变化)

Trees grow taller day by day.

64. after, in (表时间)

after接时间点,in接时间段,用于将来时after 7:00, in five minutes

65. between, among

between两者之间,among三者或三者以上之间

66. through, across

through穿越空间,across在…上穿过

through the forest, across the desert

67. above, on, over

above在上面,不接触,

on在上面,接触,

over在正上方fly over the hill

68. until, not…until

until到…为止,not…until直到…才(常跟点动词连用)I waited until 3:00.

He didn't come until 3:00.

69. besides, except

besides除了…还(包括在内)except除了(不包括在内),

70. because, because of

because连词,连接两句话,because of后接词或短语

He didn't go to school because of his illness.

71. for example, such as

for example一般只列举一个,such as列举多个例子

I have been to a lot of American cities, such as New York, Atlanta and Chicago.

72. All right好吧; That's all right.没关系; That's right. 那是对的

--Sorry. --- That's all right.

73. such…that, so…that

当如此…以至于时,such…that修饰名词,so…that修饰形容词或副词,但名词前面如果有many, much, little, few修饰用so…that,不用such that so many people that…such a lovely boy=so lovely a boy

英语名词所有格的四大形式

Ⅰ、-’s/-s’形式 1、单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词在词尾直接加“‘s ”。如:Kangkang’s father 康康的父亲。Mary’s mother 玛丽的妈妈。my brother’s car 我弟弟的车。 2、以-s 结尾的复数名词在词尾只加“‘”。如:the students’ book 学生用书。the teachers’ office 老师的办公室。the twins’ bags 双胞胎的书包。 3、以s 结尾的专有名词的所有格,一般加“‘”或加“‘s”。如:James’ ( James’s) computer 詹姆斯的电脑。Dickens’ (Dickens’s) books 狄更斯的书。 Engels’(Engels’s) works 恩格斯的著作。 4、如果一样东西为两人或几人共同所共有,则在最后一个名词的词尾加“‘s”;如果分别属各自所有时,则在各个名词词尾都加“‘s”。如:Jim and Kate’s house 吉姆和凯特的家。Mr and Mrs Smiths’ son 史密斯夫妇的儿子。Mike’s and Jack’s rooms 迈克的房间和杰克的房间。 5、合成名词的所有格,在最后的一个名词的末尾加“‘s”。如:my brother-in-law’s camera 我姐夫的照相机。a day or two’s leave 一两天的假。the editor-in-chief’s office 总编辑室。someone else’s money 别人的钱。 6、表示时间、距离、重量、集体、世界、地点、价值等无生命的名词,也可用’s 构成所有关系。如:today’s newspaper 今天的报纸。twenty minutes’ walk 二十分钟的路程。one pound’s weight1 磅的重量。the world’s people 世界人民。China’s population 中国的人口。Chongqing’s industry 重庆的工业。 7、-’s 所有格的省略式:在-’s 所有格中,被修饰的名词,有时在下列场合可以省略。 (1)被修饰的名词出现在上文或下文,这时可以省略掉被修饰的名词,以避免重复。如:This shirt is Michael’s。这是迈克尔的衬衫。Jenny’s is a big house。珍妮的房子很大。

英语语法之名词所有格

名词所有格说明所属问题,表示某物归谁所有,共三种形式: ①-’s所有格 ②of 所有格 ③双重所有格(-’s + of 所有格共同存在) -’s所有格 -’s所有格的构成 ①一般单数名词和不以s 结尾的复数名词,以及复合词,在词尾+ ’s Eg: Amy’s book a women’s hospital 一家妇科医院 his father-in-law’s birthday ②以s结尾的复数名词,在词尾直接+ ’ Eg: my friend’s balls teacher s’ office ③以s结尾的单数名词或专有名词,可+’s 或’ Eg: the boss’s/ boss’ coffee charles’s/charles’ choice -’s所有格的用法 ①表示有生命的人或动物、时间、节日等名词的所有关系 Eg: my father’s tea live a dog’s life two day s’ absence April Fool’s day ②名词有同位语时,所有格用于同位语上 Eg: This is his friend, Tom’s storybook. ③由and连接的两个或多个名词,表示共同拥有,最后一词用所有格;表示各自拥有时,每个名词都用所有格。 Eg: Tom and Jerry’s house 汤姆和杰瑞的房子 Tom’s and Jerry’s houses 汤姆和杰瑞各自的房子

of 所有格的构成及用法 of + 名词,表示无生命事物的名词或有较多修饰语的名词的所有关系。 Eg:the top of the mountain the advice of the old experienced man 注意-’s所有格和of 所有格有时都可以使用 Eg: China’s economy = the economy of China today’s weather = the weather of today his father’s death = the death of his father (表示某人的遭遇时,更常用of的所有格) 双重所有格 双重所有格的构成 of + 名词的-’s所有格/名词性物主代词。 双重所有格的用法: ①表示特定人的不特定的所有关系。 Eg: a novel of Dicken’s 狄更斯(特定人)的一本小说(不特定关系) a book of mine 我(特定人)的一本书(不特定关系) ②表达特殊的情感 有时双重所有格与指示代词连用时,常带有赞许,厌恶,不满的感情的色彩。 Eg:That old watch of my father’s gains a lot every day. 我父亲的那块旧表每天都会快很多。 注意: A friend of my father 我父亲的朋友(强调朋友关系) A friend of my father’s 我父亲的一个朋友(强调许多朋友中的一个) A photo of my brother 我哥(本人)的一张照片 A photo of my brother’s 我哥(拥有)的一张照片

英语中名词所有格有哪些

在英语中,有些名词可以加's 来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格。 一、's 构成名词所有格的方法: 1. 单数名词直接在词尾加's 。例如:This is my mother's bag. (这是我妈妈的包。)Where are Tom's books? (汤姆的书在哪儿?) 2. 在不规则复数名词的词尾加's 。例如:Mrs Li is good at writing children's books. (李女士擅长写儿童书籍。) 3. 若名词已有复数形式的词尾-s ,则仅在词尾加' 。例如:She is in the teachers' reading-room. (她在教师阅览室里。)Can you tell me how to get to the Workers' Stadium? (你能告诉我怎样才能到达工人体育馆去吗?) 4. 以-s 结尾的专有名词(尤其是人名),后面可加's ,也可仅加' ,但均读作[iz] 。例如:On the shelf over there are Engels's (或Engels' )works. (那边书架上都是恩格斯的著作。)Have you ever read Burns's (或Burns' )poems? (你读过彭斯的诗吗?) 5. 复合名词的所用格和某些短语的所有格是在最后的那个词的词尾上加's 。例如:This is her brother-in-law's bike. (这是她姐夫的自行车。)I don't know the editor-in-chief's telephone number. (我不知道总编辑的电话号码。)Here comes the Premier of France's car. (法国总理的汽车来了。)This work took us almost half a year's time. (这项工作花了我们几乎半年的时间。) 6. 在并列名词表示共同所有时,在后一个名词词尾上加's 。例如:Mr Smith is Mary and Tom's father. (史密斯先生是玛丽和汤姆的爸爸。)He is my father and mother's friend. (他是我爸妈的朋友。)并列名词表示各自所有时,在两个或两个以上的名词的词尾上分别加's 。例如:These are John's and Henry's bikes. (这些是约翰和亨利的自行车。)Mary's and Helen's beds are in the next room. (玛丽和海伦的床铺都在隔壁房间里。) 二's 构成的名词所有格的用法: 1. 主要用于表示人的名词,说明“某人所有的”。例如:Is this Mr Black's or Miss Jane's office? (这是布莱克先生的办公室还是简小姐的办公室?)It's one of Shelley's best poems. (这是雪莱的最佳诗作之一。)My sister is studying at a girls' school. (我妹妹在一所女子学校读书。) 2. 表示时间概念。例如:Today is yesterday's pupil. (谚)(昨日是今天之师。)My birthday is only in a few days' time. (我的生日只在几天之后。)We have two weeks' vacation for Christmas. (圣诞节我们有两周的假期。) 3. 表示距离范围。例如:The park is a stone's throw from here. (公园离这里很近。)It's about ten minutes' walk from here to our school. (从这里到我们学校大约步行10 分钟的路程。) 4. 表示重量、价格等意义。例如:I bought one hundred dollars' worth of stamps. (我买了价值100 美元的邮票。)I have lost at least ten pounds' weight. (我的体重至少减轻了10 磅。) 5. 表示节日名称。例如:March 8th is Women's Day. (3 月8 日是妇女节)On Children's Day little boys and girls have a wonderful time. (在儿童节这天孩子们玩得很开心。)又如:Teachers' Day (教师节),Mothers' Day (母亲节),April Fools' Day (愚人节),New Year's Day (元旦),Valentine's Day (情人节)等。 6. 在用作同位语的名词词尾上加's 表示所属关系。例如:Have you seen my brother, John's bicycle? (你看见了我弟弟约翰的自行车了吗?)

英语名词所有格概念

?名词所有格: 表示有生命的东西的名词及某些表示时间、距离、星球、世界、国家等无生命的东西的名词,后加’s来表示所有关系。 ?名词所有格的构成: ①一般情况(包括单数名词和不带词尾s的复数名词)加’s 例如:the child’s bag 这个孩子的书包children’s books 儿童用书 ②带词尾s的复数名词只加省字撇(’) 例如:girls’school 女子学校the smiths’car 史密斯家的小汽车 带词尾s的单数,通常仍加’s,如the boss’s new car ③带词尾s的人名,可加’s或只加省字撇(’) 例如:Dickens’novels 狄更斯的小说Charles’job 查理斯的工作 不带词尾s,却以[s]结尾,一律加’s,如Marx’s 马克思的著作 ④双重所有格:将’s与of 结合一起使用构成双重所有格。 例如:a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一位朋友 a photo of mine 我的一张照片 注意: ①用and连接的的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况,即表示各自的所有关系时,要分别在并列名词 后加’s,表示共同的所有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加’s。 例:Tom’s and Jack’s room 汤姆和杰克(各自)的房间。 Tom and Jack’s room 汤姆和杰克(共同)的房间。 ②下列情况可以将’s 所有格中的名词省略。

a名词所有格所修饰的词, 如果前面已经提到,往往可以省略,以免重复。 例This notebook is not mine, nor John’s, nor Peter’s. 这个笔记本不是我的,也不是约翰和比特的。 The dictionary isn’t mine, but Jenny’s. 这本词典不是我的,而是珍妮的。 b名词所有格后面有指地点等的名词时, 有的在习惯上可以省略。 例Before Christmas, there were lots of customers at the Richarsons’. the doctor’s(office)医生的诊所 my uncle’s(house)我叔叔的家 ?-’s 所有格与of 所有格的用法比较: (1) of 所有格既可用于有生命的人或物,也可用于无生命的东西。of 所有格有时可以与-’s 所有格 互换。 如:Mr Smith’s son = the son of Mr Smith 史密斯先生的儿子 Jim’s patience = the patience of Jim 吉姆的耐心 the Queen’s arrival = the arrival of the Queen 女王的到达 (2) 必须用‘s 所有格的情形: ①表类别时:men’s shoes 男鞋,children’s stories 儿童故事 ②表来源时:John’s telegram 约翰的电报 ③当被修饰的名词后有同位语修饰时: Mary’s husband, a policeman, has just been here. 玛丽的丈夫是个警察,刚刚来过这儿。 (3) 必须用of 所有格的情形: ①用于无生命的事物时:the subject of the sentence 句子主语

名词所有格和表所属关系的OF短语的区别

如修饰语有下面情况,用介词短语比用名词所有格好: a.表示无生命东西:the window of the house(不能说 the house's window),the colour of the car,the leaves of the tree,the price of glory b.表示较低级动物:the head of the ant(不是 th6 ant's head),the wings of the fly,the habit of the snail c.在科学论著或客观叙述中,表示家畜或家养的动物:The ears of the dog can hear what we can't hear. d.表示时间:the sunshine of autumn,the debate of Sunday,the breakfast of that morning.(Autumn's sunshine,Sunday's debate(在书面语中用得多些) e.集体名词:the capital of the firm(比 the firm's capital好),a member of this society,some students of this class f.“the+形容词”:the misfortune of the blind(不能说 the blind's misfortune),the future of the young,the mystery of the unknown,the uprising of the oppressed g.复数名词:the car of my brothers,the books of his teachers(my brothers'car和 his teachers'books比较文气,但表类别的名词所有格却很常见,如:a women's magazine,men's dress,a thieves'don。)h.一系列名字:a friend of John,Richard and William,the policy of England or the U.S. i.指示代词:the inside of this(or that),the opinion of all(or some,both),the house of each,the good of all,the tragedy of both(但可说 somebody's task,anyone's duty,nobody's business,another's view,one's habit) j.代词并表示鄙视:the air of him,the gait of her,the faces of them,the pride of you(His air,her gait 等不表示鄙视) k.带冠词 a的名词:the eyes of a child(比 a child's eyes好),the love of a girl,children of a poor mother (可参阅112,124节) l.有名词所有格修饰的名词:a friend of Mary's uncle(不要说 a Mary's uncle's friend),the picture of John's dog m.跟有定语的名词:the daughter of a millionaire coming from Paris,the situation of the youngest member of the Kim family,the death of John who has been a banker for twenty years,the son of Mr.Johnson,manager of America Company n.受到强调的名词:the works of Dickens(更强调于Dickens's works中之 Dickens),the rise and fall of the Roman Empire o.为主体词(表示动作的名词)意义上的宾语: I don't like the sight of(=to see)John(作意义上的宾语).(John's sight=John的视力) I don't like the look of(=to look at)him. The thought of(=To consider)this matter makes me shudder. She will be the death of(=kill)William. 如主体词有下面情况,用介词短语比用名词所有格好: p.表示画像之类东西:the portrait(or that effigy,any likeness,no image,every bust)of(=representing)Hitler(Hitler's portrait=the portrait belonging to or drawn by Hitler) q.表示承受对象的动作:John's denial of his crime(John denies his crime);Mary's love of dogs;William's murder of a rich man(William murders a rich man);a rich man's murder of William (a rich man murders William). r.用来表示×××一部分:a son(可能不止一个儿子)of Dr.Whitestone's;followers(可能指追随者中的一部 分)of Mr.Kim's.(Dr.Whitestone's son=his only son or the particular son you know;Mr.Kim's followers=all his followers) s.前面有一限定词:a(good)friend of John,some(interesting)books of Mary,any(great)play of Shakespeare,ten(exciting)stories of Maupassant(比 a John's(good)friend,Mary's some interesting books,etc.要好一些) 如果主体词有以下情况,用名词所有格比用of短语好: a.跟有一个同位语:the boy's teacher,Miss Shaw(the teacher of the boy,Miss Shaw);my teacher's book,Romeo and Juliet b.跟有自己的修饰语:Johnson's statement about his firm,Tolstoy's novels that are still read today c.为一系列名词:John's wife and children,Mary's praise or rebuke d.受到强调:that gentleman's manners,his son's great success,(I request)John's pardon(or excuse).(在the manners of that gentleman中,manners不受强调。) 如果修饰语有下述情况,用名词所有格也比用of短语好: e.为一表动作名词之意义上主语,该名词后又跟有of短语: John's(意义上的主语)treatment(表动作名词)of the servant(意义上的宾语)(John treats the servant),the city's opinion of the mayor,Mary's praise of John,the student's summary of the story,John's opening of his new store f.为一表动作名词之意义上主语或宾语,而该名词后又不跟of短语:John's treatment(John treats others or others treat John);Mary's praise;David's support(or murder,promotion,judgment,condemnation)

人称代词名词所有格

人称代词、物主代词、所有格 5. 练习题(20小题) 用所给词义的适当形式填空 1. ______ i s a teacher 他) 2. -Where is _____ ? I can ' t)find.(他 - ______ is in the classroom 他) 3.is a good girl. Every one likes __ ^也) 4. I like her pencil case. ______ is nice它0 5. ______ 他们)are twi ns.

6. ______ like En glish very much.我们) 7. Can ______ 你)read it for _______ ?我们]) 8. ______ 你们)are from En gla nd. _______ 我们)are from China. 10. Can you give ______ to me玄) 用括号中代词的适当形式填空 1. Her sister is helpi ng ____ (we). 2. Joh n and I are in the same school. (we) go to school together. 3. Every one likes ___ ( she). 4. ____ (I) have many friends. Some of_ (they) are good at English. 5. Jim is En glish. _______ (I) like playi ng with _______ (he) 6.I love _______ (they) very much. 7. Miss Li ofte n looks after ______ (she) 8. They are waiting for (they). 9. Do you like Li Mi ng? No, _____ (I) don ' t like _____ .(he) 10. Danny gives the book to _____ . (you) 、物主代词

英语名词所有格的用法讲解

名词所有格的用法 1. 名词的格的种类 英语名词有三个格,即主格、宾格和所有格。名词的主格和宾格形式相同,所以它们又统称作通格。当名词用作主语、宾语、表语时,用通格。英语名词的所有格表示所属关系,它分-?s 所有格和of 所有格两种形式。 Tom loves Mary. (Tom 为主格,Mary 为宾格,均为通格形式) Tom?s best friend is Mary.(Tom?s 是所有格,Mary 为通格) The title of the book is interesting. (of the book 为所有格) 2. -?s所有格的构成方法 (1) 一般情况(包括单数名词和不带词尾s的复数名词)加-?s: children?s books 儿童图书 today?s paper 今天的报纸 (2) 带词尾s的复数名词只加省字撇(…): girls? school 女子学校 the Smiths? car 史密斯家的小汽车 注:带词尾s的单数名词,通常仍加?s: the boss?s plan 老板的计划 the hostess?s worry 女主人的担心 (3) 带词尾s的人名,可加?s 或只加省字撇(…): Dickens? novels 狄更斯的小说 Charles?s job 查理斯的工作 不带词尾-s却以咝音结尾者,一律加?s: Marx?s works 马克思的著作 George?s room 乔治的房间 (4) 用and连接的并列连词的所有格要分两种情况,即表示各自的所有关系时,要分别在并列连词后加-?s,表示共同的所有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加-?s: Tom?s and Jim?s rooms 汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间 Tom and Jim?s rooms 汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间 3. -?s所有格的用法 -?s 所有格主要用于有生命的东西,但有时也可用于无生命的东西,这主要见于: (1) 用于表时间的名词后: tomorrow?s weather 明天的天气 two days? journey 两天的旅程 比较:ten minutes? break = a ten-minute break 10分钟的休息 (2) 用于表国家、城市的名词后: America?s policy 美国的政策 the city?s population 这个城市的人口 (3) 用于某些集合名词后: the majority?s view 多数人的观点 the government?s policy 政府的政策 (4) 用于组织机构后: the station?s waiting-room 车站候车室 the newspaper?s editorial policy 这家报纸的编辑方针 (5) 用于度量衡及价值名词后:

英语所有格

英语人称代词(含反身代词)表及基础练习 用法点击: 1. 主格和宾格: 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 2.◆形容词性物主代词其后必须跟名词。 1)形容词性物主代词不能单独使用,后面必接名词,表示所有.如: ? my pen 我的钢笔 your bag 你的书包 his bike 他的自行车 her desk 她 的书桌 its name 它的名字 例句:Is that your bike? 那是你的自行车吗? Those are our books. 那些是我们的书。 ◆如果名词前有形容词性物主代词,就不能同时用冠词(a, an, the)或指示代词(this, that, these, those)修饰此名词。 ? [正]This is my pencil. [误]This is my a pencil. ? [正]This is a pencil. [误] This is a my pencil.

◆形容词性物主代词与形容词一起修饰名词时,要放在形容词之前。如:his English books 他的英语书their Chinese friends 他们的中国朋友 形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词之间的关系为: 名词性物主代词=相应的形容词性物主代词+名词 例如:Your bedroom(=yours) is big. Mine (=My bedroom) is big, too. 你的卧室大。我的卧室也大。 注意:在使用名词性物主代词时,必须有特定的语言环境,也就是要省略的名词大家已经知道,已经提起过。 例:It’s hers. 是她的。 (单独使用大家不知是怎么回事,不可以这样用) There is a book. It’s hers. 那有本书。是她的。(先提及,大家才明白) 特别提醒:汉语表达常有省略“的”字的习惯,如:我哥哥、你们老师。其中“我”和“你们”的实际意义分别是“我的”、“你们的”,所以英语中只能译成my brother, your teacher;而不能译成 I brother, you teacher。 3.反身代词 反身代词以-self(单数)或-selves(复数)结尾。第一、二人称的反身代词由物主代词加-self构成。第三人称的反身代词由代词宾格加-self 构成。反身代词有三种不同的用法: 一、强调用法 反身代词在强调用法中表示强调,即用来加强某个名词或者代词的语气,可译成“亲自”、“本人”。此时,它在句中作同位语。即使去掉,也不影响句子的完整性。例如: (1)You must do it yourself.(你必须自己做) (2)I myself did the homework last night。(昨晚是我自己做了家庭作业) 二、非强调用法 这种用法通常表示反身代词与句中的主语是同一人。它在句中作宾语,不能省略,否则该句是一个意义不完整的错句。例如: (1)Jane is too young to look after herself.(简年比太小,以至于不能照看自己) (2)I teach myself English.(我自学英语) (3)He didn't hurt himself, thank goodness.(他未伤了他自己,谢天谢地。)

名词所有格's和of的用法和区别

名词所有格's和of的用法和区别一、's所有格 有生命的人或物的所有格用-'s表示,有时也可用of表示。如a man's voice=the voice of a man。此外,使用时还需注意以下几点: 1. 单数名词词尾加“-'s”,复数名词词尾没有“s”,也要加“-'s”。例: the boy's bag男孩的书包 men's room男厕所 2. 以“-s”结尾的单数普通名词后加“-'s”。例: The boss's son was arrogant to all the employees. 老板的儿子对所有雇佣人员都很傲慢无礼。 3. 以“-s”结尾的复数名词,其后只加“'”。例: the workers' struggle工人的斗争 4. 表示时间、距离、金额、天体、国家或城市等的名词也用“-'s”表示。例:two hours' drive 两个小时的车程 the city's scenic spots 这座城市的一些风景区 5. 如果两个名词并列,并且分别有“-'s”,则表示“分别有”;只有一个“-'s”,则表示“共有”。例: John's and Mary's room(两间) John and Mary's room(一间) 6. 作为一个整体的词组,一般在最后一个词的词尾加“-'s”。例: an hour and a half's walk(步行一个半小时的路程) 7. 不定代词后接else,所有格放在else 上。例: somebody else's bag 另外某人的书包 8. 下列情况可以将“-'s”所有格中的名词省略: 1)名词所有格所修饰的词,如果前面已经提到,往往可以省略,以免重复。例:This notebook is not mine, nor John's, nor Peter's. 这个笔记本不是我的,也不是约翰和彼得的。 2) -'s所有格后的名词若是不言而喻时,或者是某人的住所、店铺、诊所等时,通常省略。例: the doctor's (office) 医生的诊所 We had a great evening at Paul's. 我们在保罗家度过了一个愉快的夜晚。 9. 若是以“-s”结尾的专有名词,则既可只加撇号,也可加“-'s”。例:Dickens' “A Tale of Two Cities”is a literary classic. 狄更斯的《双城记》是一部古典文学作品。 二、of所有格 “名词+of+名词”构成of所有格。主要用法如下: 1. 表示无生命东西的所有关系。例: the window of the room 房间的窗户 2. 表示名词化的词的所有关系。例: the problem of the poor 穷人的问题 三、双重所有格 名词的所有格”构成双重所有格。主要用法如下:of+“

英语中的“双重所有格”

英语中的“双重所有格” 一、在英语句子中,名词of-phrase表示所有关系的格有两种形式 1.句法形式:用of-phrase表示。一般来说这种形式多用在无生命的名词前。如: a map of China一幅中国地图 the state of being dirty脏的状态 2.词法形式:用-’s表示。一般来说这种形式多用在有生命的名词后。如: Li Ming’s book李明的书 men’s clothes男人的衣服 但有生命的名词有时两种形式均可。一般来说专有名词后宜用-’s所有格(当然所有格的名词较长时亦可用of所有格),而表示动物的名词多用of所有格。如: my sister’s name或the name of my sister我妹妹的名字Li Ming’s book或the book of Li Ming李明的书 二、什么叫做“双重所有格” 1.把上面表示所有关系的两种形式,of-phrase和-’s,结合起来就构成了“双重所有格”(double genitive)。如: a play of Zhang Guo li’s一出张国立的戏 an English book of hers她的一本英语书 2.双重所有格也有两种形式: ①of+名词所有格(-’s)。如: He is a schoolmate of my father’s.他是我爸爸的同学。

②of+名词性物主代词。如: I am a friend of his.我是他的朋友 三、双重所有格所表示的意义 He is a friend of my brother’s.=He is one of my brother’sfriends.他是我兄弟的朋友。 This is a picture of my gandfather’s=This is one of mygandfather’s pictures.这是我祖父的一张照片。 既是“一部分”就不可能是“全部”,所以that small nose ofJohn’s不是表示部分的意义,而是“约翰的小鼻子”,(不是几个鼻子当中的一个),表示某种感情色彩。 四、双重所有格的用法 ①of前的名词必须是非限定的普通名词,不能是专有名词。如:不说the pen of Wei Pin’s,应说a pen of Wei Pin’s。 不说desk of Mr Brown,应说Mr Brown’s desk。 ②of前的名词有一个表示数量的词。如: a,two,some,any,no,few,several... We saw a play of Zhang Guoli’s. 我们看了一出张国立的戏。 Have you read any books of Li Ming’s? 你读过李明的什么书吗? ③of前的名词前可以有指示代词this,that,表示某种感情色彩。this表示直接的,常常是同情性的关系;而that常常含有否定甚至轻蔑的意味。如:

指示代词

代词 一:指示代词 1.指示代词有this , that , these , those , such , same. 2.指示代词的用法: (1).that 常用来代替前面出现的人.事. 物,以免重复.that代替可数名词和不可数名词;those可代替复数名词. 2.指示代词的用法: (1).that 常用来代替前面出现的人.事.物,以免重复.that代替可数名词和不可数名词;those可代替复数名词. (2). 在打电话时,英语中常用this代替自己,that代替对方.例如: A: May I speak to Mr. Zhang, please? B: This is Zhang Ming speaking. Who’s that. (3). Such表示“如此,这样的人或事”. I have never seen such an interesting film before. (4). Same 表示“ 同样的人和物”,前面必须加the.例如: They arrived there at the same time. Lucy and Lily are in the same class. They do the same thing everyday. 经典例析 1.The weather in Australia is quite different from ___ of Shijiazhuang. A. it B. that C. those D. ones 2. The cars made in Japan are much cheaper than __ made in America. A. ones B. those C. that D. it 3.Can you believe that in _____ a rich country there should be ____ many poor people ? A. such ; such B. such ; so C. so ; so D. so ; such 4. ---Hello! May I speak to Jim, please? --- Speaking. ___________? A. how are you B. Is that Mike C. are you Jim D. who are you 5. There are more people in Shanghai than in Tianjin. (同义句) The ____________ of shanghai is _______ than ______ of Tianjin. 6. This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.(同义句) I have _______ read _______ an interesting book before. 二:不定代词 1.不定代词主要有: each , every , both,all , either , neither , none , one , few , a few , little , a little, many , much, other , another , some , any , no 以及 some , any, no 和thing构成的合成词. 不定代词的用法 (1). Some , any , something , anything ① Some和something多用于肯定句中.当说话人期望得到对方的肯定回答或表示请求建议时,some , something可用于疑问句中,而不用any 和anything.

物主代词和名词所有格专项练习题

物主代词和名词所有格练习 用合适的物主代词填空: 1、ruler is long .I like it. 2、A duck has two legs. legs are short. 3、We are students. bags are new. 4、Linda is an English girl. hair is yellow 5、Mary’s father is a dr iver. car is red 6、Are these maps? Yes, they are my maps. 用括号中代词的适当形式填空。 1、He helped you. You should thank_____ for it. (he) 2、Jane asked Ted to go to the park with______. (she) 3、My grandpa asked_______ to buy some milk for______ (I, he) 4、These clothes are_______.(we) 5、______bedroom is very clean. (I) 6、I got a gift from______ and ______.(he, she) 7、You don’t want to use______ pencil. (he) You’ll buy_____ own pencil. (you) 8、I know that book is ____(I) because I had written_____ (I) name in it. 9、At the gate of school______ and_____ saw a car. (she, I) 10、They will spend______ holiday at the lake. (they) 11、That is not_____kite. That kite is very small, and_____ is very big. (I) 12、The dress is ______. Give it to ______. (she) 13、Is this _____ watch? (you) No, it’s not_____. (I) 14、______ is my brother. ______name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _____. (he) 15、______ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _____ ? (you) 16、Here are many dolls. Which one is _____? (she) 17、I can find my toy, but where’s ______? (you)

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