MLA论文格式-引用

MLA论文格式-引用
MLA论文格式-引用

8. Modern Language Association Style

现代语言学会论文格式

https://www.360docs.net/doc/428575470.html,/question/30417790.html

现代语言学会(MLA)格式要求在正文中用括号注明引语的出处,而不用尾注或者脚注。这方面的信息包括作者的姓名和页码,向读者提示关于引语出处的详细信息已被列入正文之后的参考文献中。

8.1 Content of Parenthetical Citations (引文出处信息)

引语出处的信息一般只包括作者姓名和页码,中间不需要逗号。当作者姓名已出现在文句中,就不需要在括号中再重复。

Author named in text(行文中出现作者姓名)

Graff defines his recent book, Professing Literature, as “a history of academic literary studies in the United States” (1).

Author not named in text(行文中不出现作者姓名)

Several scholars have studied recent developments in academia in the context of the history of university teaching (e. g., Graff ).

Modern literary studies have their origin in classical studies (Graff 19-35 ).

Reference to entire book(提及某部专著)

当在行文中仅仅提及某部专著的名称及其作者时,无须在括号中提供其它信息。读者会通过作者姓名在参考文献书目中去查找相关信息:

Slade’s revision of a Form and Style incorporates changes made in the 1995 edition of the MLA Handbook.

Work with four authors(有多位作者的专著)

当专著有四位或者更多作者时,可列出所有四位作者或者仅仅给出第一位作者的姓,并在其后注明“et al”。 (et alii,“and others”的缩写,意为“等等”):

The authors of Women’s Way of Knowing make a distinction between “separate knowing” and “connected knowing”

(Belenky et a1. 100-30) or (Belenky, Clinchy, Goldberger,

and Tarule 100-30).

当两位作者是父子关系时,在儿子的姓氏后面加Jr.,并用逗号隔开。

That book chronicles visionary experiences in early modern Spain (Christian, Jr.).

Editor or compiler(编辑整理者)

列出编辑者,整理者,或译者的姓而无须象在参考文献书目中那样用缩写单词注明其身份:

Many of the articles in Research on Composing advocate further exploration of the motivation for writing (Cooper and Odell ).

Corporate author(集体作者)

集体作者使用组织的名称来替代作者的名称(如果组织名称冗长,在第一次引用之后使用简称)。

The annua1 report revealed substantial progress in fundraising (American Museum of Natural History 12, hereafter AMNH).... (AMNH 15).

Multivolume work(多卷头著作)

引用多卷头著作中的某一分卷,写出作者的名称和缩写vol.

This valuable reference work surveys the major operas of Mozart and Puccini (Newman, vol. 2).

引用多卷头著作某卷中的部分内容,用阿拉伯数字来表明其卷号,后加冒号,引出页码)。

Newman discusses the controversy about the quality of Mozart’s The Magic Flute (2: 104-05).

如果句子中没有出现作者姓名,则需在括号中写明,如:

(Newman 2: 104-05)

Two or more works by same author(同位作者的不同专著)

引用同位作者的不同专著,出处信息使用简称即可。

Shaughnessy points out that “the beginning writer does not know how writers behave” (Errors 79 ).

Teachers applauded Shaughnessy’s assertion that “teaching them [beginning writers] to write well is not only suitable but challenging work for those who would be teachers and scholars in a democracy” (“Diving In” 68).

Material cited in another source(材料引自二手来源)

当你引用的是二手材料时,须在其出处名称后注明“qtd”。你实际引用材料的作者和标题要保留在参考文献书目中。

Goethe wrote that “it takes more culture to perceive the virtues of The Magic Flute than to point out its defects”

(qtd. in Newman 2: 104).

Multiple citations(多部著作的引用)

当出处包含多部著作时,著作之间用分号隔开。

(Errors 79; “Diving In” 68; Brooks and Warren 5)

Literary works(文学作品的引用)

文学作品,尤其是二十世纪之前的文学作品,通常都有众多的版本。在页码之后用分号引出其章节数,以便读者能从另一版本去查找。

Margery Kempe relates the details of her journey to Constance with pilgrims headed for Jerusalem (96-98; bk.

1, chap. 26).

对于戏剧和诗歌来说,最好用数字来注明“幕”、“场”、“行”或“节”等相关信息。

In an aside, Claudius informs the audience that the queen has drunk from the poisoned cup he intended for Ham1et

(5. 2. 274).

8.2 Placement and Punctuation of Parenthetical Documentation (项目排列和

标点)

出处信息应该在语句的结尾。如果是直接引语,出处信息要在引号之后;最后是句号,逗号,冒号,和分号。

Tannen argues that “men and women have different assumptions about the place of talk in relationships”

(85).

“Men and women have different assumptions about the place of talk in relationships,” according to Tannen (85).

What changes in behavior could result from the assumption that, as Tannen puts it, “men and women have different assumptions about the place of talk in relationships”

(85)?

如果在你的论述与引语之间会引起混乱,须在引语之后直接注明其出处。

Understanding that “men and wo men have different assumptions about the place of talk in relationships”

(Tannen 85) might help teachers understand their students’ comments.

(这个句子本身已体现了作者的结论,其中一部分援引自Tannen。)

如引语末位是省略号,出处信息之后须有句号。

Schele and Freidel explain that for the Mayas “the Unde rworld was sometimes called Xibalba...” (66).

对于独立段落的引语,出处信息用空格键与引语隔开,后面无须句号。

According to Schele and Freidel, the Maya represented each point of the compass with a different color.

East was red and the most important direction since

it was where the sun was born. North, sometimes called

the “side of heaven,” was white and the direction from

which the cooling rains of winter came.... West, the

leaving or dying place of the sun, was black. South

was yellow. (66)

8.3 The List of Works Cited (参考文献目录)

论文中出现的引文出处,都应被收入到论文的参考文献中。参考文献目录按每一项文献的第一单词的第一个字母的顺序排列,无论这个单词是文献作者的姓,还

是文献题目的第一个词。以下是一份MLA格式的参考文献目录:

Works Cited

American Museum of Natural History. Annual Report, 1993-1994. New York: 1995.

“Ancient Pharaoh Statue Wi1l Be Moved in Cairo.”New York Times 3 Sept. 1995, late city ed.: A4.

Battaglia, Debbora, ed. Rhetorics of Self-making. U of California P, 1995.

Belenky, Mary Field, Blythe McVicker Clinchy, Nancy Rule Goldberger, and Jill Mattuck Tarule. Women’s Way of

Knowing: The Development of Self, Voice, and Mind. New

York: Basic, 1986.

Or

Belenky, Mary Field, et al. Women’s Way of Knowing: The Development of Self, Voice, and Mind. New York: Basic,

1986.

Brooks, Cleanth, and Robert Penn Warren. Modern Rhetoric.

4th ed. New York: Harcourt, 1979.

Christian, William A. An Interpretation of Whitehead’s Metaphysics. New Haven: Yale UP, 1959.

Christian, William A., Jr. Apparitions in Late Medieval and Renaissance Spain. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1981.

Cooper, Charles R., and Lee Odell, eds. Evaluating Writing: Describing, Measuring, Judging. Urbana: NCTE, 1977.

---. Research on Composing. Urbana: NCTE, 1978.

Graff, Gerald. Professing Literature: An Institutional History. Chicago: U of Chicago P, l987.

Kempe, Margery. The Book of Margery Kempe. Trans. Barry Windeatt. Hamondsworth, Eng.: Penguin, l985.

Lloyd-Jones, Richard. “Primary Trait Scoring.”Cooper and Odell, Evaluating. 77-99.

Marcus, George E. “On Eccentricity.” Battaglia 43-58.

Murray, Donald. A Writer teacher Writing. 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton, 1985.

Newman, Ernest. Great Operas: The Definitive Treatment of Their History, Stories, and Music. 2 vols. New York: Vintage, 1958.

Petty, Walter T. “The Writing of Young Children.”Cooper and Odell, Research 73-84.

Schele, Linda, and David Freidel. A Forest of Kings: The Untold Story of the Ancient Maya. New York: Willian Morrow, 1990.

Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. Susanne Wofford. Case Studies in Contemporary Criticism. Boston: Bedford-St.

Martin’s, 1994.

Shaughnessy, Mina P. “Diving In: An Introduction to Basic Writing.” The Writing Teacher’s Sourcebook. Ed. Gary Tate and Edward P. J. Corbett. New York: Oxford UP, 1981. 62-68.

---. Errors and Expectations: A Guide for the Teacher of Basic Writing. New York: Oxford UP, 1977.

S1ade, Carole. Form and Style: Research Papers, Reports, Theses. 10th ed. Boston: Houghton, 1997.

Tate, Gary, ed. Teaching Composition: Ten Bibliographical Essays. Fort Worth: Texas Christian UP, 1976.

Tannen, Deborah. You Just Don’t Understand: Women and Men in Conversation. New York: Ballantine-Random, 1990.

Wagner, Roy. “If You Have the Advertisement You D on’t Need the Product.” Battaglia 59-76.

White, E. B. Charlotte’s Web. New York: Harper, 1952.

White, Helen C. The Mysticism of William Blake. New York: Russell, 1964.

8.4 Works Cited Forms (参考文献格式)

8.4.1 Books (专著)

Basic forms(基本的格式)

参考文献目录中一本专著的信息包括:

1. 作者的姓名(或编者、译者的姓名);

2. 专著的标题(可带有任何副标题);

3. 出版信息,包括出版城市,出版商,和出版时间。

信息项目之间一律用句号隔开。将第一位作者的姓放在首位,后面用逗号;名在其次,后面用句号。其他作者的姓名不须倒装。专著的标题(包括副标题)用下划线或斜体字标示,但不包括后面的句号。从专著的标题页或版权页中获取出版信息。简化出版商的名称。

An edited, compiled, or translated volume(编著,或译著)

著作的责任人(编者,或译者)的姓名应在作者的位置上。其后用缩写ed.或comp.表示一位编者,用eds.或comps.表示多位编者,用trans.表示一位或多位翻译者。

Baum, Robert, ed. Reform and Reaction in Post-Mao China: The Road through Tiananmen. New York: Routledge, 1992.

当著作责任人拥有不止一种身份时,应全面注明。

Vaughan, James H., and Daryl M. Hafter, eds. and trans.

As The Diary of Hamman Yaji: Chronicle of a West African

Muslim Ruler. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1995.

Group or corporate author(集体作者)

Bicycling Magazine. Reconditioning the Bicycle. New York: Rodale, 1989.

当集体作者同时也是出版商时,其名称不须重复。

American Museum of Natural History. Annual Report, 1993-1994. New York, 1995.

Anonymous work(无署名著作)

Times Atlas of the World. 8th ed. London: Times, l990. 如果你知道作者的姓名,可在括号内提供,不要使用匿名。

[Scarborough, Dorothy]. The Wind. New York: Harper, 1925. Work in an anthology, particular selection singled out(文集或文选中的文章)

文章的标题(带引号)在前,文集的标题(带下划线或用斜体字)在后,编者的姓名不须倒装,最后标明该文章在文集中的页码。

Burghardt, Gordon M. “On the Origins of Play.” Play in Animals and Humans. Ed. Peter K. Smith. Oxford: Basil

Blackwell, 1984. 5-42.

Wilson, August. Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom, Modern and Contemporary Drama. Ed. Miriam Gilbert, Carl H. Klaus,

and Bradford S. Field, Jr. New York: St. Martin's,

1994.

Previously published article in a collection(出版后又收集的文章)

先用原出版信息开始,再用Rpt.in(表示Raprinted in)引出文集的标题。

Ten, C. L. “Mill on Self-Regarding Actions.” Philosophy

43 (1968): 29-37. Rpt. in John Stuart Mill, On Liberty.

Ed. David Spitz. Norton Critical Edition. New York:

Norton, 1972. 238-46.

Entry in a reference book(工具书中词条)

将工具书中的词条当作文集中的文章一样看待。

“Vicksburg Campaign.” Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1973 ed.

“World Climatology.” Times Atlas of the World. 1990 ed. 对不太著名的工具书需提供较为完整的出版信息。

Brasingly, C. Reginald. “Birth Order.” Encyclopedia of Psychology. Ed. Raymond J. Corsini. New York: Wiley,

1984.

Book in a series(系列丛书)

当标题页中指明该书为系列丛书中的一本时,在出版城市前给出系列丛书的标题和该书编号。

Eiser, J. Richard, ed. Attitudinal Judgment. Springer Series in Social Psychology l1. New York:

Springer-Verlag, 1990.

Reprinted work(再版著作)

对于再版著作,须在出版城市前给出他原来出版日期。

Jamieson, Neil L. Understanding Vietnam. 1993. Berkeley: U of California P, 1995.

.

Markham, Beryl. West with the Night. 1942. Berkeley: North Point, 1983.

Edited work(编著)

当作者的文章被编辑成书时,用缩写的Ed.(表示Editor)引出编辑者的姓名。

Conrad, Joseph. Lord Jim. Ed. Thomas C. Moser. Norton Critical Edition. New York: Norton, 1968.

Translated work (译著)

Appelfeld, Aharon. Katerina. Trans. Jeffrey Green. New York: Random House, 1992.

强调译者时,可将其姓名提前至作者的位置。

Green, Jeffrey, trans. Katerina. By Aharon Appelfeld. New York: Random House, 1992.

8.4.2 Articles in Periodicals (学术期刊上的文章)

基本的格式

文章的引证出处包括:

(l)作者或者编者的姓名;

(2)所引文章的完整标题;

(3)出版信息,通常包括期刊名称(下划线或斜体,与专著名称相同),序列号或

卷号(仅限学术期刊),出版日期在冒号之后,文章在期刊中的页码。

省略任何期刊标题中的冠词(如:Los Angeles Times, 而非The Los Angeles Times)。当期刊中文章的页码不是连续出现,而是分离出现时,MLA

格式仅标明文章第一页页码,其后用+符号,如该文章的页码分别为67-79和

84-89,则用67+来表示。

Article in a scholarly journal(学术期刊上的文章)

Gaunt, Simon. “The Significance of Silence.” Paragraph

13 (1990): 202-16.

Journal using only issue numbers(杂志带编号)

Nwe zeh, C. E. “The Comparative Approach to Modern African Literature.” Yearbook of General and Comparative

Literature 28 (1979): 22.

Article in journal with more than one series (杂志文章带有几个序列号)

在标题后直接用序数词标明其序列,或者用ns表示新序列,用os表示旧序列。

Klein, Milton M. “The Plea sures of Teaching and Writing History.” William and Mary Quarterly 3rd ser. 52 (Ju1y

1995): 483-87.

Erickson, Peter. “Singing America: From Walt Whitman to Adrienne Rich.”Kenyon Review ns 12. 1 (1995): 103-19.

Article in a newspaper(报纸上的文章)

引用报纸上的文章时,报纸名称与报头相同,不含引导冠词“The”。

Mercer, Pamela. “U. S. Venture Bets on Colombian Coal.”

New York Times 27 July l995, late city ed.: D7.

报纸名称不含出版地信息,报纸本身也不很出名,则应在括弧中注明其出版地点,但不能带下划线。

“Unknown Author of Wind Answers Crane Criticism.”

Sweetwater Daily Reporter [Texas] 15 Dec. 1925: 6.

Observer [London] 17 Oct. 1990, sec. 2: 5+.

特殊版面的报纸在出版日期后面以缩写形式注出(natl.代表national, intl.代表international)。

Donnelly, John. “Unrest in Iraq May Be a Mirage.” Miami Herald 22 July 1995, intl. ed.: 1A+.

Article in a magazine(杂志中文章)

周刊须注明年、月、日;月刊只须注明年、月。月份一律用缩写。

Kinoshita, June. “The Mapping of the Mind.”New York Times Magazine 18 Oct. 1992: 44+.

Brody, Howard. “How Would a Physicist Design a Tennis Racket?” Physics Today Mar. 1995: 26-3l.

Review of a book(书评)

先给出评论人的姓名,然后是以“Rev. of”为引导的书名,再是作者姓名和出版信息。

Moore, Walter. “Great Physicist, Great Guy.”Rev. of Genius: The Life and Science of Richard Feynman, by

James Gleick. New York Times Book Review 11 Oct. 1992:

3.

Kienitz, Gail M. Rev. of Tennyson and the Doom of Romanticism, by Herbert F. Tucker. Religion and

Literature 24 (Spring 1992): 87-90.

Abstract in an abstracts journal(摘要汇编中的摘要)

Moskop, William W. The Prudent Politician: An Extension of Aristotle’s Ethical Theory. Diss. George

Washington U, 1984. DAI 45 (l984): 4445B.

Dyson, Anne Haas. “Writing Children: Reinventing the Development of Childhood Literacy.”Written

Communication 12 (1995): 527-47. Current Index to

Journals in Education 28 (1996): item EJ25l057.

8.4.3 Electronic Sources (电子来源)

Computer program(电脑程序)

Microsoft Windows 95. Computer software. Ver. 4. CD-ROM.

Redmond, WA: Microsoft, 1995. DOS 3.31, Windows 3.0,

4MB.

Quotation Reference Collection. Computer software.

Reno: AAPEX, 1995. IBM. Windows.

Material from electronic database(电子数据库中的材料)

Gainsborough, Thomas. The Morning Walk. Microsoft Art Gallery: The Collection of the National Gallery,

London. CD-ROM. Redmond, WA: Microsoft, 1994.

Laroche, Jacques M. “Typology of Instructional Theories.”

International Review of Applied Linguistics in

Language Teaching 22 (Feb. 1984): 41-52. DIALOG,

PsycINFO file 11, 72-03548.

Material from an on-line service(在线服务材料)

U.S. Congress. Senate. Line Item Veto Act. 104th Congress, 1st sess., 10 Jan. 1995. Online. Netscape. 8 Sept.

Electronic text(电子文本)

Dickens, Charles. Little Dorrit. Ed. John Holloway.

Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1967. Online. Oxford Text

Archive. Internet. 14 Aug. 1995.

Sources on E-mail(电子邮件)

Deel, Norman. “Main Sources for the Text of United States treaties.” Georgia State University, College of Law

library, Revision of Treaties Guide. 1992. Online.

12 June 1995. Available E-mail:

https://www.360docs.net/doc/428575470.html,.

(Carole Slade, Form and Style: Research Papers, Reports and Theses, p. 210-28)

8.4.4 An Online Scholarly Project, Information Database, or Professional or

Personal Site (网上学术项目,信息数据库,专业或个人网站)

A Complete Scholarly Project or Information Database (完整的学术项目或信息

数据库)

一个完整网上学术项目或信息数据库的正确写法应包括以下内容:

1.该项目或该数据库的名称(带下划线);

2.该项目或该数据库的编辑人(如果有的话);

3.电子出版信息,包括版本编号,出版日期或当前最新版本,发起机构或组织的名称;

4.进入网站的日期和网址。

如果无法得到其中某些信息,则将能得到的列出即可。

CNN Interactive. 19 June 19998. Cable News Network. 19 June 1998 https://www.360docs.net/doc/428575470.html,/

The Electronic Text Center. Ed. David Seaman. 1998.

Alderman Lib., U of Virginia. 14 Feb. 1998

https://www.360docs.net/doc/428575470.html,/>

The History Channel Online. 1998. History Channel. 19 June 1998 https://www.360docs.net/doc/428575470.html,/

Hoover’s Online. 1998. Hoover’s Company Information. 19 June 1998 https://www.360docs.net/doc/428575470.html,/

Victorian Women Writers Project. Ed. Perry Willett. June 1998. Indiana U. 26 June 1998

https://www.360docs.net/doc/428575470.html,/~letrs/vwwp/

A Document within a Scholarly Project or Information Database(学术项

目或信息数据库中的一份文件)

在项目或数据库之内援引一篇文章, 一首诗, 一篇短篇小说, 或一个相似的短的作品或文件, 以作者的姓名作为开头,作品标题用引号。如果没有注明作者,则以援引带引号的作品标题为开头,继之以项目或数据库相关信息,进入网站的日期,和通用资源定位符标准(URL);请务必给出具体作品或文件的URL,而不是该项目或数据库URL。

“City Profile: San Francisco.” CNN Interactive. 19 June 1998. Cable News Network. 19 June 1998

https://www.360docs.net/doc/428575470.html,/TRAVEL/CITY.GUIDES/WTR/north.

america.profiles/nap.sanfrancisco.html.

Dove, Rita. “Lady Freedom among Us.” The Electronic Text Center. Ed. David Seaman. 1998. Alderman Lib., U of

Virginia. 19 June 1998

http://etext.lib/https://www.360docs.net/doc/428575470.html,/subjects/afam.html

.

“This Day in History: August 20.” The History Channel Online. 1998. History Channel. 19 June 1998

https://www.360docs.net/doc/428575470.html,/thisday/today/980820.h

tml.

A Professional or Personal Site(专业或个人网站)

如果引证出自一个专业或个人网站,先以创建网站者的姓名开始(如果有的话);接着是网站名称(下划线),如没有名称,则注明为Home page(既不用下划线,也不用引号);随后是与网站有关的机构或组织的名称;进入网站的日期;最后是网址。

Dawe, James. Jane Austen Page. 15 sept. 1998

http://nyquist.ee.ualberta.ca/~dawe/austen.html.

Lancashire, Ian. Home Page. 1 May 1998

http://www.chass.utoronto.ca:8080/~ian/.

Romance Languages and Literatures Home Page. 1 jan. 1997.

Dept. of Romance Langs. And Lits., U of Chicago. 8

July 1998 https://www.360docs.net/doc/428575470.html,/romance/.

8.4.5. An Online Book (网络著作)

某些印刷著作的文本可以从网上获得。一部网上著作的完整信息应包括:

1.作者姓名。如果仅为编辑、编纂者、或翻译者,则在其姓名后以缩写形式(ed., comp., trans.)注明其身份。

2.著作名称(下划线)。

3.编辑、编纂者、或翻译者的姓名(如果有的话)。

4.出版信息。如果网络文本的版本以前未曾发表过,则给出电子出版物的日期和任何主办机构或组织的名称。如果网上文本曾经发表过,则须给出其原来

印刷版本的出版信息(如:出版城市,出版商名称,出版年份)。

5.进入网站的日期和网址。

以上信息如果不完整,只须将已有的信息全部注明即可。

Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. Ed. Henry Churchyard.

1996. 10 Sept. 1998

https://www.360docs.net/doc/428575470.html,/janeinfo/pridprej.html.

Barsky, Robert F. Noam Chomsky: A Life of Dissent.

Cambridge: MIT P, 1997. 8 May 1998

https://www.360docs.net/doc/428575470.html,/e-books/chomsky/.

An Online Government Publication(网上政府出版物)

United States. Dept. of Justice. Natl. Inst. Of Justice.

Prosecuting Gangs: A National Assessment. By Claire

Johnson, Barbara Webster, and Edward Connors. Feb.

1995. 29 June 1998

https://www.360docs.net/doc/428575470.html,/txtfiles/pgang. Txt.

8.4.6 An Article in an Online Periodical (网络刊物中的文章)

网络刊物包括学术期刊,报纸,和杂志;其中发表的材料有文章,评论,社论,以及写给编辑的信函等。援引自网络刊物上的文章出处的正确写法依次为:

1.作者姓名。

2.文章或材料的标题(用引号;如果是评论或致编辑的信函可以用下划线)。3.刊物的名称(下划线)。

4.卷号,刊号,或其它编号。

5.发表日期。

6.页码或页码范围。

7.进入网站的日期和网址。

以上信息如果不完整,只须将已有的信息全部注明即可。

An Article in a Scholarly Journal(学术期刊上的文章)

Calabrese, Michael. “Between Despair and Ecstasy: Marco polo’s Life of the Buddha.” Exemlaria 9.1 (1997). 22

June 1998

https://www.360docs.net/doc/428575470.html,/english/exemplaria/cal

ax.html.

De nning, Peter J. “Business Designs for the New University.” Educom Review 31.6 (1996). 23 June 1998

https://www.360docs.net/doc/428575470.html,/web/pubs/review/reviewArticles/

31620.html.

An Article in a Newspaper or on a Newswire(报纸或新闻网中的文章)

“Endangered Species Act Upheld.” AP Online 22 June 1998.

22 June 1998

https://www.360docs.net/doc/428575470.html,/aponline/w/AP-Court-Endang

ered-Species.html.

Reid, T.R. “Druids Return to Stonehenge.” Washington Post

22 June 1998. 22 June 1998

https://www.360docs.net/doc/428575470.html,/wp-srv/Wplate/1998-

06/22/045I-o62298-idx.html.

An Article in a Magazine(杂志上的文章)

Guckenberger, Katherine. “A Convent with a View.”

Atlantic Unbound 22 Jan. 1998. 26 June 1998

https://www.360docs.net/doc/428575470.html,/atlantic/unbound/abroa

d/kg980122.html.

K insley, Michael. “Now Is the Summer of Too Much Content.”

Slate 20 June 1998. 25 June 1998

https://www.360docs.net/doc/428575470.html,/98-06-20/Readme.asp.

(Joseph Gibaldi, MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, p. 180-88)

参考文献中MLA格式规范

MLA格式简要规范 MLA格式简要规范 1. 独著 姓,名. 书名. 出版地: 出版社, 出版年代. Bambrough, Renford. The Philosophy of Aristotle. New York: The New American Library, 1963. 2. 两至三名作者 姓,名, 名姓, and 名姓. 书名. 出版地: 出版社, 出版年代. Horton, Rod W., and Herbert W. Edwards. Backgrounds of American Literary Thought. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc., 1952. Atwan, Robert, Donald Mcquade, and John Wright. Edsels, Luckies, and Frigidaires: Advertising the American Way. New York: Dell, 1979. 3. 四名或以上作者 姓,名, et al. 书名. 出版地: 出版社, 出版年代. Belenky, Mary Field, et, al. Women's Ways of Knowing: The Development of Self, Voice, and Mind. New York: Basic, 1986. 4. 机构作者 机构名称. 书名. 出版地: 出版社, 出版年代. American Psychological Association. Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. 4th ed. Washington: American Psychological Association, 1994. 5. 匿名作者

MLA论文格式

正文主体两边对齐,双倍行距,标题小三号,正文小四号字,全部使用Times New Roman Cross-referencing in MLA Format Quotation format 引用格式 ●引用任何不是自己的想法/观点时 When quoting any words that are not your own ●总结某一出处的事实和观点时 When summarizing facts and ideas from a source ●总结是指从某一来源的大篇幅资料中提取想法,并用自己的语言压缩。 Summarizing means to take ideas from a large passage of another source and condense them, using your own words ●解释某些资料时 When paraphrasing a source ●解释是指使用某些来源的观点,但是用自己的话来表达,格式发生改变。 Paraphrasing means to use the ideas from another source but change the phrasing into your own words 有以上的情况时,都要使用加注形式!即来源作者的性与来源的页码必须出现在你的论文中。You Should Use Parenthetical Citations! That is: Author’s last name and page number(s) of quote must appear in the text 比如:引号中的内容 Romantic poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings”(Wordsworth 263).这句话没有指出引文作者是谁,所以括号中要有作者的姓+页码。Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (263).这句话中已经有了引文是谁说的,所以后面括号加注只有引文的页码 你文章中有多处引文,作者同姓不同名的,将名字缩写放在姓之前:More than one author with the same last name (W. Wordsworth 23); (D. Wordsworth 224) 引用同一作者不同作品的,在括号中将作品放在中间,和姓用逗号隔开More than one work by the same author (Joyce, Portrait 121); (Joyce, Ulysses556) 多卷作品的不同卷次,先说卷次,然后冒号,然后页码Different volumes of a multivolume work (1: 336) 不是直接引用某一作者的材料,比如这是Johnson说的话,但是是在Boswell的书里面出现的Johnson的话。先列出引文作者的姓,然后用qtd. in,然后说出引文所在书的作者的姓,然后卷次,冒号,页码。 Citing indirect sources (Johnson qtd. in Boswell 2:450)

MLA论文引用格式指南

The Modern Language Association (MLA) style source of all material you paraphrase, summa This guide shows the most common scenarios Research Papers . 7th ed. (McPherson Library R Guide to Scholarly Publishing. 3rd ed. (McPhers NOTE: Some significant changes have been ma Titles are now italicized rather than URLS are no longer required for electr The document format (Print, Web, PD Cited list. General Rules: In-text Citations ? Place the reference where a pause occurs in possible to the relevant material. ? Cite the author’s last name and the relevan Example: Music is thought to be the fo ? If you include the author’s name in the sent Example: Blair argues that music is the ? Page numbers may be omitted if a source la numbered paragraphs or sections, use thes Example: (Smith, para. 4) ? Multiple sources in the same reference: Example: (Matthews and Smith 88; Su ? No author : use the complete or shortened t Example: (History of Rome 143) ? Two authors with the same surname: Add t name. ? Corporate author (organization, company, a rather than the parentheses. Within parent Style Manual for a list of common abbreviat Examples: This figure doubled in 1991The Canadian Mental Health Associati ? Multiple sources by the same author: add th Example: “A single whisker twitched” Example: Finally, Jones sends her dete ? When citing an entire source , or a source w include the author’s name and the title in th Example: This tone is evident in Bebbi ) style requires you to cite your sources within the text of ummarize, or quote. narios for MLA citing. For more examples, see MLA Handb brary Reference, call number LB2369 M53 2009) and the cPherson Library Reference, call number PN147 G526 200en made for the new edition of the MLA Style Manual han underlined electronic sources (unless required by your instructor) eb, PDF File, DVD, etc.) must be included in every entry in ons curs in the sentence (such as before a period, semicolon o elevant page number(s). the food of love (Blair 135). e sentence, do not cite it in parentheses. c is the foo d of lov e (135). urce lacks page numbers (for example, on many Web sou e these in the citation. ce: separate citations with a semicolon. 88; Suzuki 105-107) ened title – book titles are italicized and article titles are i Add the first initial, or, if the authors have the same first pany, association, etc.): cite the name. If it is long, include arentheses, shorten commonly abbreviated terms (see c reviations). n 1991 (Natl. Research Council 65). ociation agrees (195). add the title, shortened or full. ched” (Jones, Tiger Thief 16). detective to Yemen (Kat Tales 207). urce with no page or section numbers, avoid parenthetica e in the sentence. Bebbington’s History of Economics . ext of your paper. Cite the Handbook for Writers of d the MLA Style Manual and 26 2008). : try in the Works olon or comma), as near as b sources). If a source has are in quotations. e first initial, add the full first clude it in the sentence see chapter eight of the MLA hetical references. Instead,

MLA论文格式-引用

8. Modern Language Association Style 现代语言学会论文格式 https://www.360docs.net/doc/428575470.html,/question/30417790.html 现代语言学会(MLA)格式要求在正文中用括号注明引语的出处,而不用尾注或者脚注。这方面的信息包括作者的姓名和页码,向读者提示关于引语出处的详细信息已被列入正文之后的参考文献中。 8.1 Content of Parenthetical Citations (引文出处信息) 引语出处的信息一般只包括作者姓名和页码,中间不需要逗号。当作者姓名已出现在文句中,就不需要在括号中再重复。 Author named in text(行文中出现作者姓名) Graff defines his recent book, Professing Literature, as “a history of academic literary studies in the United States” (1). Author not named in text(行文中不出现作者姓名) Several scholars have studied recent developments in academia in the context of the history of university teaching (e. g., Graff ). Modern literary studies have their origin in classical studies (Graff 19-35 ). Reference to entire book(提及某部专著) 当在行文中仅仅提及某部专著的名称及其作者时,无须在括号中提供其它信息。读者会通过作者姓名在参考文献书目中去查找相关信息: Slade’s revision of a Form and Style incorporates changes made in the 1995 edition of the MLA Handbook. Work with four authors(有多位作者的专著) 当专著有四位或者更多作者时,可列出所有四位作者或者仅仅给出第一位作者的姓,并在其后注明“et al”。 (et alii,“and others”的缩写,意为“等等”): The authors of Women’s Way of Knowing make a distinction between “separate knowing” and “connected knowing” (Belenky et a1. 100-30) or (Belenky, Clinchy, Goldberger,

MLA 论文格式及work cited

PARENTHETICAL CITATION and the WORKS CITED: MLA STYLE Department of English and Film Studies, University of Alberta 2010 The MLA style (MLA Handbook, 2009) allows documentation of an abbreviated kind to appear in the body of your essay in parentheses, thus eliminating all but explanatory or elucidatory footnotes. The parenthetical citations will refer your reader to a list of “Works Cited” (see below) in which all sources quoted or referred to will be alphabetically arranged. Parenthetical Citation 1. Author’s name mentioned. If you introduce a quotation or fact or paraphrase by mentioning the author’s name, you need only give the pagination. An early authority on fairy tales, Henry Bett, claims that the whole study was shoddy but “very instructive” (53). Note: When a quotation ends with an exclamation mark or a question mark, leave the punctuation inside the quotation marks and place the period after the parentheses: Bett thought that the whole study was shoddy but “very instructive!” (53). 2. Author’s name not mentioned. If you do not mention the author’s name before you quote, you should include the last name in parentheses with no punctuation between the name and the page number One early authority on fairy tales referred to the whole study as a shoddy but “very instructive” exercise (Bett 53). 3. Author unknown. Some very old documents, and some very new on-line ones, may not have a known author, or may not state an author’s name. You can signal the title of the work, or include a short title in parentheses. The Harvard Report on Baseball Deaths had no firm figures for 1911. One source had no firm figures for 1911 (Harvard). n.b. Book titles are italicized; article titles are placed between quotation marks. 4. Page number unknown. Many web sources have no page numbers. You may omit the page number and just use the author’s name or the title of the article. Researchers have noticed a sharp rise in death by boredom at major golf tournaments (Duffer). Duffer says that golfing head injuries are on the rise (“Golf Woes”). If a web source uses paragraph or screen numbers, use “par.” or “pars.” or “Screen” in parentheses: (Duffer pars. 2-3). 5. Two or more authors. Include the last names in parentheses as they are listed in the text from which you are citing. (Duffer and Curses 45) For more than three authors use “et al.” (Duffer et al 45). 6. A multi-volume work. Give the number of the volume followed by a colon and then the page number. In the second volume of Hegel’s Aesthetics, he discusses the sublime features of the puppet show (2: 350-355). 7. Verse plays and poems. Give the act, scene, and line numbers from the play. Separate these with periods. In King Lear Gloucester cries foul when his eyes are taken out (4.2 148-149). Or if the play’s name is not mentioned, include it in the citation. This is similar to the moment when Gloucester loses his eyes (Lear, 4.2 148-149). When quoting poetry, give the line numbers and show the line breaks. In Cowper’s, The Task, the author says that Milton’s poetry “surpassed/ The struggling efforts Of my boyish tongue/ To speak its excellence” (4. 710-12).

MLA论文格式要求

论文格式要求 1.论文全文采用小四号Times New Roman(12号)字体:论文题目采用小二号 Times New Roman;中文题目采用小2号宋体。一级标题(章标题)采用16号Times New Roman,分别冠以I、II、III、IV、V等序号;二级标题(节标题)14号,分别冠以1.1, 1.2、2.1, 2.2、等序号;三级标题(节以下标题)均采用12号,分别冠以1.1.1、2.1.1等序号。所有标题加黑。 2.论文正文采用段首缩进5个字符,单面打印;2倍行距。正文第一页加论文题目。 3.正文(包括附录和参考文献)页码标注格式为阿拉伯数字1 2 3….页码标注在页面底部居中。论文封面不标注页码。 4.论文采用A4复印纸单面打印。上、下、右边距为25mm;左边距为30mm,其中10mm供装订。 5.论文装订次序为论文封面、论文主体(body),参考文献、附录(若有)。论文页码从正文开始。 示例1:MLA格式参考文献著录及引述格式 第一部分:正文内引述 (In-text Citation: MLA Style) [The formatting generally follows the latest Modern Language Association (MLA) style, including parenthetical references.*Parenthetical documentation means that in the text, only the author’s surname and the page number is given in parentheses following the quotation or any reference to another source. If

论文设计的基本结构和引用文献格式(MLA)

论文的基本结构和引用文献格式 (MLA格式) 学术论文文献的引用有三种形式:文内注释、注解(Notes)和参考文献(Bibliography)。正文中引用别人的论述、词汇、材料、观点或思想时,文内注释采用同论文末尾参考文献相关联的信息,用圆括号表示。正文中除了文内注释外,往往还需要注解;注解同文内注释不同,它主要是针对正文中需要说明的问题作注解,而不是针对正文中的引用作注解。参考文献(Bibliography)是指被论文参考和引用过的所有作品,位于正文末尾。如论文末尾有注解,参考文献则位于注解后。论文末尾的“注解”和“参考文献”可能同时存在。 凡是在参考文献中以书的形式出现的出版物品名称,无论是小说、诗歌、戏剧,还是小册子、报刊杂志、电影、光盘、盒式录音磁带、唱片、绘画、雕塑作品等,英文用斜体表示。中文名称则用书名号表示。对于“注解”和“参考文献”中提到的文章、论文、短篇小说、短诗、书中的章节,包括未公开出版的讲座、会议发言稿、手稿、学位论文等,都一律加引号表示。中文的也采用同样方法,避免同书名混淆。 一、论文的基本结构 不同学科、不同研究方向以及不同类型的学术论文在基本结构上存在差异,但本科毕业论文一般应有以下部分:Introduction,(Literature Review)and Discussions (与APA不一致), Conclusion 等等。当然,研究类型不同,中间部分章节内容也就不同。现对各章布局作如下规定,Introduction、Chapter 2、Chapter 3…Conclusion。其中,Conclusion前不加Chapter等字样。下面对这些章节的大致内容略作介绍。 Chapter 1 Introduction 本章应该包括以下内容:本研究的背景、意义以及预期解决的问题。有时需要对重要概念或术语进行简单的定义。本章末尾一般对全篇论文的章节主要内容作简单介绍(An overview of the thesis)。本章要求简炼,开门见山,一般为1-2页。 如果论文没有单独一章作文献综述,那么简单的文献综述可以放在这部分。文献综述的主要目的是向读者介绍与本研究有关系的现有研究(existing studies),重点介绍以下内容:(1)为何要做这一研究,论文要研究的问题前人已经做了哪些研究?采用了哪些研究方法?得出了哪些研究结论?(2)关于这个问题还有哪些问题没有解决?前人的研究存在哪些局限性?关于这个问题还有哪些争议或值得进一步研究的问题? Chapter 2… 论文主体部分对论文所要探讨的研究问题进行展开陈述。 Conclusion 本章名为结论,实际上应该包括以下几方面的内容:本研究的主要发现(Main findings)、本研究的启示(Implications)、本研究的局限性(Limitations of the present study)以及需要进一步研究的问题(Further research suggestions)等等。

MLA论文引用格式

MLA论文引用格式 一、参考文献格式 1、Works Cited/Bibliography置于全文末尾,需另起一页,续前页页码。标题“Works Cited/Bibliography”的上方空一行,加粗并居中。Works Cited和Bibliography二者只选择其一,不能同时在论文中出现。 2、引用文献格式的对齐方式选择“两端对齐”,并设置悬挂缩进2.5个中文字符(5个 英文字符)。(这样两行以上的参考文献会自动从第二行开始缩进,就不需要去打空格了) 3、排序: 一般情况下,参考文献按照文献作者的姓的首字母顺序排列,前面不需要加序号。 如果首字母相同,则看第二个字母,依此类推。关于作者的姓的区分,以出现在文献列表的第一个逗号为分隔标志,空格以及其他的标点符号不具有区分作用。例如:Descartes, René De Sica, Vittorio 如果合著的参考文献中几本书的第一作者是同一个人,而从第二作者开始有不同,则按第二作者的姓来排列先后。(注意:由于第二作者的名字是英语姓名的正常书写格式,因此要注意不要误用第二作者的名来排列)例如: Scholes, Robert, and Robert Ke llogg Scholes, Robert, Carl H. Kl aus, and Michael Silverman Scholes, Robert, and Eric S. R abkin 如果作者的姓名是未知的,则用文献名称的标题的首字母进行排序,但是标题中A, An, The这三个词不参与排序。 4、文献格式: 4.1 单个作者所著的一本书: 作者姓, 名. 书名. 出版地: 出版社, 出版年. (注意:此处的标点是英文格式的标点,英文文献里所有的例子都是使用英文标点,后不做特别说明。书名需要斜体或者加下划线) 如: Freedman, Richard R. What Do Unions Do? New York: Basic, 1984. Townsend, Robert M. The Medieval Village Economy. Princeton: Princeton

mla论文格式要求-mla论文引用格式

mla论文格式要求:mla论文引用格式 MLA 是一种常用的引用格式,下面是小编精心推荐的一些mla论文格式要求,希望你能有所感触! mla论文格式要求 1、题目:应简洁、明确、有概括性,字数不宜超过20个字。 2、摘要:要有高度的概括力,语言精练、明确,中文摘要约100200字; 3、关键词:从论文标题或正文中挑选3~5个最能表达主要内容的词作为关键词。 4、目录:写出目录,标明页码。 5、正文: 论文正文字数一般应在3000字以上。 论文正文:包括前言、本论、结论三个部分。 前言(引言)是论文的开头部分,主要说明论文写作的目的、现实意义、对所研究问题的认识,并提出论文的中心论点等。前言要写得简明扼要,篇幅不要太长。 本论是论文的主体,包括研究内容与方法、实验材料、实验结果与分析(讨论)等。在本部分要运用各方面的研究方法和实验结果,分析问题,论证观点,尽量反映出自己的科研能力和学术水平。 结论是论文的收尾部分,是围绕本论所作的结束语。其基本的要点就是总结全文,加深题意。

6、谢辞:简述自己通过做论文的体会,并应对指导教师和协助完成论文的有关人员表示谢意。 7、参考文献:在论文末尾要列出在论文中参考过的专著、论文及其他资料,所列参考文献应按文中参考或引证的先后顺序排列。 8、注释:在论文写作过程中,有些问题需要在正文之外加以阐述和说明。 9、附录:对于一些不宜放在正文中,但有参考价值的内容,可编入附录中。 关于养生的论文范文 清心湿地养生幽谷 摘要:在快速城镇化发展中,城市湿地公园的建设日益获得重视,并且这一绿地类型也成为城市中重要而宝贵的稀缺资源,同时也城市文化传承与提升的重要载体。本文从地方城市文化特色与生活习惯的研究与提炼中入手,尝试提出以地方文化特色为核心的城市湿地公园,并策划与湿地水文化息息相关的各种活动内容与功能,为城市湿地公园建设和城市公共环境品质提升提出一种新的路径。 关键词:文化特色湿地活动 城市湿地是指城市及其周边地区被浅水或暂时性积水所覆盖的低地,有周期性水生生长的基质,是城市排毒养颜的肾器官,具有水源涵养,环境净化,气候调节、生物多样化的作用。 1城市湿地公园的作用 城市湿地公园的建设不仅能为城市居民提供丰富的游憩活动空间,我国的城市湿地公园建设虽然起步较晚,但已认识到城市湿地公园的重要性,并将其纳入城市绿地系统规划,以生态保护、科普教育、休闲游览为主要内容。

MLA论文引用格式

MLA論文引用格式 一、參考文獻格式 1、Works Cited/Bibliography置於全文末尾,需另起一頁,續前頁頁碼。標題“Works Cited/Bibliography”的上方空一行,加粗並居中。Works Cited和Bibliography二者只選擇其一,不能同時在論文中出現。 2、引用文獻格式的對齊方式選擇“兩端對齊”,並設置首行凸排2.5個中文字元(5 個英文字元)。(這樣兩行以上的參考文獻會自動從第二行開始縮進,就不需要去打空格了) 3、排序: 一般情況下,參考文獻按照文獻作者的姓的首字母順序排列,前面不需要加序號。 如果首字母相同,則看第二個字母,依此類推。關於作者的姓的區分,以出現在文獻列表的第一個逗號為分隔標誌,空格以及其他的標點符號不具有區分作用。例如: Descartes, René De Sica, Vittorio 如果合著的參考文獻中幾本書的第一作者是同一個人,而從第二作者開始有不同,則按第二作者的姓來排列先後。(注意:由於第二作者的名字是英語姓名的正常書寫格式,因此要注意不要誤用第二作者的名來排列)例如: Scholes, Robert, and Robert Ke llogg Scholes, Robert, Carl H. Kl aus, and Michael Silverman Scholes, Robert, and Eric S. R abkin 如果作者的姓名是未知的,則用文獻名稱的標題的首字母進行排序,但是標題中A, An, The這三個詞不參與排序。 4、文獻格式: 4.1 單一作者所著的一本書: 作者姓, 名. 書名. 出版地: 出版社, 出版年. (注意:此處的標點是英文格式的標點,英文文獻裡所有的例子都是使用英文標點,後不做特別說明。書名需要斜體或者加底線) 如: Freedman, Richard R. What Do Unions Do? New York: Basic, 1984.

留学生论文常见的MLA格式详解

MLA格式是什么?我们在留学写作业和论文的时候,经常会遇到外教要求用MLA格式写作。 MLA 是一种常用的引用格式,由于在外国,文章中即使是一小句也不可以随便不加任何注释的引用,所以MLA 格式很严谨。 MLA引用格式。Modern Language Association为美国现代语言协会制定的论文指导格式,在一般书写英语论文时应当使用MLA格式来保证学术著作的完整。与MLA格式相似,常用的还有APA 格式、哈佛格式等等,下面我们详细解读一下MLA格式,我们也为文章末尾大家准备了MLA格式的论文写作规范WORD和PDF两个版本供大家下载和使用! 关于“美国文学”课程论文MLA格式的细则 Rubric of the Course Paper for “American Literature” 1.The thesis is written in English, including the citation.( 全文用英文书写, 包括引用文献。) 2.What are some essential standard of a MLA paper? (MLA 论文基本要求)Type your paper on a computer and print it out on standard, white 8.5 x 11-inch paper. Set the margins of your thesis to one-inch(2.54 centimeters)on all sides. The paper should be double-space typed. There is one space between every English words. There is no space between the words and punctuations. (用12号新罗马字体排版,双倍行距。页边距为2.54厘米,16开A4白色纸打印,英文单词之间相距一个空格。单词和标点符号之间没有空格。) 3.How to Create a Header? 如何编辑页眉?Create a header in the upper right-hand corner that includes your family name, followed by a space with the page number; number all pages consecutively with Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, 4) and flush with the right margin. Omit the page number on Page One.(编辑页眉,将你的姓和页码标注在右上角,姓和页码之间有一个空格,不用标点符号;上面边距是1.27厘米,右边与正文部分对齐。) 4.How to deal with the first page? 第一页格式的处理。In the upper left-hand corner of the first page, list your name; your number and your class; the tutor’s name; the course; and the date. The date in MLA format s hould be written as “day month year.”: i.e. 29 December 2011(without comma between each word and the month should not be abbreviated.) Be sure to use double space. (第一页左上角,纵向排列你的名字;学号、班级;指导老师的名字;课程名称;日期(格式是日月年,中间不用标点符号,月份也不用缩写,如:29 December 2011) 5.How to write a title?(如何写标题?)The title is centered and written in 12-piont Times New Roman font. The title is not bold, underlined, or italicized. But use quotation mark or italic(s) if your title includes works (an article, a poem, or a story) or a book of others, do just as you would do in the text: quote the title of the article, the poem or the story while italicize the book. (标题居中,用12号新罗马字体。标题不用黑体,下划线或斜体,如果标题中有已出版的文章,文章部分用双引号,如果是书籍,书籍部分用斜体。如:Sybolism in “Young Good Man Brown.” 或Sybolism in Scarlet Letter。

MLA格式

一、M LA简明论文格式(以下word格式可参用附加档已设定 完成,套用即可) 1.内容分封面、正文、注释。 2.规格:A4纸,计算机打字,横打,上下左右空4.5cm,标题与内文字距离0.5cm;字大小: 照相打字15- 16级(Windows 文书软件10- 11pt),内文字请用细明或新细明体,标准行距(Windows 文书软件0.6- 0.7cm),25pp以内。 3.横式(由左至右)写作。 4.关键詷4-6个。 5.提要300-500字。 6.请用新式标点符号。「」用于平常引号,《》用于书名,〈〉用于论文及篇名。古籍 之书名与篇名连用时,可省略篇名符号,如《史记?刺客列传》。 7.中文正文用细明体,注脚用楷书。 8.英文正文用Times New Roman; 章节用Arial。 9.英文书名用Italic; 论文名用“ ”。 10.独立引文每行低三格(楷书)。 11.注释号码请用阿拉伯字数码之上标字(右上方),如9、25。 12.标题编码层次:一、(一) 1. (1) 13.征引书目编写方式: (1)中日文部分依作者姓名笔划排列 A.专书 B.期刊论文 C.博、硕士论文 (2)西文部分依作者姓名字母排列 A.专书 B.期刊论文 C.博、硕士论文 14.不可使用“同上”、“同前引书”、“同前书”、“同前揭书”、“同注几引书”等。 15.引用专书或论文,请依序注明作者、书名(或篇名)、出版项。 A.中日文专书:作者─书名─出版地点─出版公司─出版年分。 注文: 彭明辉,《历史地理学与现代中国史学》(台北:东大图书公司,1995),38-45。 再引: 1

.2.大一历史(专史):中国近代史学.授课大纲.2001上.彭明辉 彭明辉,《历史地理学与现代中国史学》,38-45。 书目: 彭明辉,《历史地理学与现代中国史学》,台北:东大图书公司,1995。 B.中日文论文:作者─篇名─期刊卷期─出版项─年月─页码。 注文: 彭明辉,〈由神明配置图看台湾民间信仰──以中和地区八座寺庙为中心〉,《新史学》, 6. 4(台北,1995. 12): 45-87。 再引: 彭明辉,〈由神明配置图看台湾民间信仰──以中和地区八座寺庙为中心〉,《新史学》, 6. 4: 45-53。 书目: 彭明辉,〈由神明配置图看台湾民间信仰──以中和地区八座寺庙为中心〉,《新史学》, 6. 4 (台北,1995. 12): 45-87。 C.西文专书:作者─书名─出版地点─出版公司─出版年分。例: 注文: Samuel P. Huntington, Political Order in Changing Societies (New Havens: Yale University Press, 1968), 102-103. 再引: Samuel P. Huntington, Political Order in Changing Societies, 102-103. 书目: Huntington, Samuel P. Political Order in Changing Societies. New Havens: Yale University Press, 1968. D.西文论文:作者─篇名─期刊卷期─出版项─年月─页码。例: 注文: Hoyt Tillman, “A New Direction in Confucian Scholarship: Approaches to Examining the Differences between Neo-Confucianism and Tao-hsüeh,” Philosophy East and West, 42. 3 (New York, July, 1992): 455-474. 再引: Hoyt Tillman, “A New Direction in Confucian Scholarship: Approaches to Examining the Differences between Neo-Confucianism and Tao-hsüeh,” Philosophy East and West, 42. 3: 455- 474. 书目: Tillman, Hoyt. “A New Di rection in Confucian Scholarship: Approaches to Examining the Differences between Neo-Confucianism and Tao-hsüeh,” Philosophy East and West, 42. 3 (New York, July, 1992): 455-474.

相关主题
相关文档
最新文档