牛津高中英语模块八语言点讲解

如皋中学高二英语第八模块第一单元语言点（教师）

Unit one The written world

Welcome to the unit

1. If you were asked to recommend a book to a friend, what book would you choose? (P 1)

跟踪练习：

① The doctor recommended that I _stay_ (stay) a few more days in hospital. ② It is suggested that a lawyer _be sent for_ (send for) immediately. ③ 你能推荐一些有关这个学科的新书给我吗？

Can you recommend me some new books on the subject? ④ 医生劝病人接受他的忠告。

The doctor recommended the patient to take his advice.

2. Do you think that e-books will ever replace books in print? (P 1) 跟踪练习：

①

所有的书都必须放回到书架上。

All the books must be replaced on the shelves. ② 我用新轮胎换了旧轮胎。

I replaced the old tyres with new ones.

③ 他失去了家庭，这一损失是无法弥补的。

Nothing can take the place of the family he had lost. Welcome to the unit 短语归纳：

listen to music for entertainment in their spare time recommend a book to your friend in print

Reading: Appreciating literature

1. … the language used in them is quite different from the language used today. (line 6-7) 它们当中所运用的语言与现在人们所运用的语言大不相同。 [句法分析] 本句为简单句，used in them 为过去分词短语作定语

过去分词短语作定语：单个的过去分词通常作前置定语，而分词短语作定语常后置，相当于一个定语从句。

He is an advanced teacher. 他是个先进老师。

The play performed by the students was a great success.

= The play which was performed by the students was a great success. 由学生们表演的那个戏剧获得了巨大成功。

试翻译并比较下列句子：

① 你读过狄更斯写的小说吗？(在谓语动词所表示动作之前发生)

Have you read the novels written by Dickens?

② 他是一个被所有人爱戴的人。(没有时间性，只表示被动)

He is a man loved and respected by all.

③ 听！正在演唱的这首歌很受学生的欢迎。

Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the students. ④ 将在明天会议上讨论的问题非常重要。

The question to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is a very important one.

2. Many people do not read them because they think they are old-fashioned and boring, and have nothing to do with life today. (line 8-10) 许多人不读这些书，因为他们认为这些书已经过时了，让人厌烦，并且和现实生活没有联系。

[句法分析] 本句为复合句，because 引导原因状语从句。

★ old-fashioned

复合形容词的构成：

形容词词干 + 名词-ed middle-aged 中年的 cold-blooded 冷血的形容词词干 + 形容词词干 red-hot 炽热的 dark-blue 深蓝色的

形容词词干+ 现在分词ordinary-looking 相貌平平的funny-looking 样子滑稽的形容词词干+ 过去分词ready-made 现成的，制作好的clean-washed 洗得干净的副词词干+ 现在分词或过去分词hard-working 勤劳的deep-stuck 深陷的

名词词干+ 形容词词干life-long 终身的snow-white 雪白的

名词词干+ 现在分词/过去分词peace-loving 热爱和平的man-made 人造的

数词词干+ 名词-ed / 名词-形容词three-legged 三条腿的four-year-old 4岁的

★have nothing to do with 与……没有联系have something to do with 与……有联系他总是说与那个事故没有关系但实际上他与那个事故是有关系的。

He always says that he has nothing to do with the accident but in fact he has something to with it.

[用下列短语的真确形式填空]

care nothing for 对……满不在乎for nothing 免费make nothing of 不了解

think nothing of 对……满不在乎nothing…but…只是nothing like 什么也比不上；

完全不像

①He cares nothing for money. (不在乎钱)

②She got the tickets for nothing. (免费)

③I could make nothing of (不了解) what he said.

④She is nothing but (只是) a child.

⑤The dress is nothing like (完全不同) the one they advertised.

⑥He thinks nothing of (认为……不算啥) a twenty-mile walk.

3.…a modern adaptation of Charles Dicken s’s novel Great Expectations appeared in cinemas. ……根据狄更斯的小说《远大前程》改编的现代版的电影出现在电影院里。(Line 15) adaptation n. a film or play that was first written in a different and new situations 改编，改写

有些动物学会了很快适应气候的变化。

Some animals learn to adapt themselves to the changes of weather quickly.

我将改变我的教学方法以满足新生的需要。

I will adapt my teaching methods to meet the need of the freshmen.

[跟踪练习] Have you adapted ___ in a different country?

A. to live

B. to living

C. living

D. in living

达尔文解释了生物对环境的适应现象。

4.Pip’s sister seldom has a kind word to say, but Joe is a kind and simple man, who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip. (Line 30) 皮普的姐姐几乎没有好言好语，但乔却是一个善良淳朴的人，他宁可死也不愿看到皮普受任何伤害。

★would rather do than do

我宁愿听我的MP3，而不愿听CD。

Rather than listen to a CD, I would rather enjoy my MP3.

与其座公共汽车，不如走路。

I would rather walk than take a bus.

我宁愿你明天来，而不是今天来。

I would rather you came tomorrow than today.

[跟踪练习]

①--Shall we go skating or stay at home? – Which ___ do?

A. do you rather

B. would you rather

C. will you rather

D. should you rather

②To enjoy the scenery, Irene would rather spend long hours on the train ___ travel by air.

A.as

B. to

C. than

D. while

③It was owing to luck ___ judgment ___ the driver succeeded in avoiding an accident.

A.better than; when

B. rather than; that

C. other than; when

D. more than; which

④改错：My son prefers to play football rather than to read books.

★come to

(1) 表目的

他是来道别的。He came to say goodbye.

(2) 后常跟understand，know，realize之类的动词，表示“经过一个变化过程才发生某事”

你会慢慢懂得这一点的。You’ll come to understand it.

(3) 意为“总共，共计，达到……数目”

死亡人数总计达300多人。The deaths came to over 300.

(4) come to sb. 发生在某人身上；使想起

当你努力工作时，成功就会降临你。Success will come to you when you work hard.

(5) come to a conclusion / decision 作出结论/决定

我也许作出了错误决定。I might have come to a wrong decision.

(6) come to an end 结束

会议即将结束。The meeting is coming to an end.

5.Excited by his move to London, Pip can hardly wait to begin his new life. (Line 41)

搬到伦敦后，皮普非常兴奋，他迫不及待的要开始新生活。

can hardly wait to do sth. 迫不及待要做某事

杰克迫不及待要回家。

Jack can hardly wait to go home. = Jack can’t wait to go home.

6.Pip is bent on becoming a gentleman and winning Estella’s love. (Line 46)

皮普决心成为一位绅士并赢得伊莎贝拉的爱情。

be bent on 下定决心

吉姆似乎决心成为一名音乐家。

Jim seems bent on becoming a musician.

[轻松归纳]

表示决心的短语还有：

make a decision, determine to do sth. be determined to do sth., make up one’s mind to do sth.

7.…the author tries to convince the reader to adopt a certain point of view. (Reading strategy line 1) ……作者竭力说服读者接受某种特定的观点。

convince v. 使信服

8.The best part of the story is when Pip makes the acquaintance of the man who gives him his fortune. (P5 Part E last line) 这个故事最精彩的部分是皮普结识了那个赠送他财产的男子。

我懂一点法语，但不精通。

I have some acquaintance with French, but I don’t know it well.

他是我的老相识。

He is my closest acquaintance.

[跟踪练习]

Mary is not a ___, just a (an) ___.

A.friend; acquaintances

B. acquaintance; friend

C. friend; acquaintance

D. acquaintance; friend

Reading: Appreciate Literature 短语归纳：(翻译并熟记)

文学欣赏______________ appreciate literature

与今天的生活没有任何关系______________ have nothing to do with life today

在当今世界占有一席之地________________________ have a place in the world today

发表小说，每次一章_______________________ publish novels one chapter at a time

在舞台上上演……__________________________ perform … on stage

以……为背景_________________________ set in (be set in)

雾是危险和不确定性的象征__ mist is a symbol of danger and uncertainty

这笔钱使他不用为经济问题担忧____ the fortune sets him free form financial worries

迫不及待做某事_______ can hardly wait to do sth.

浅薄的缺点_____ the shortcomings of being shallow

对……有偏见__ having prejudice against

一心想要成为一名绅士_____ be bent on becoming a gentleman

一部小说的重要部分____ an important part of a novel

一篇具有说服力的文章__a persuasive essay

说服读者接受某种特定的观点_____ convince the reader to adopt a certain point of view

认为……是……____ see … as …

他吝啬的姐姐_____ his mean sister

相识____ make the acquaintance of

Word Power

I.重点词汇：

1.main adj. 主要的，重要的。

这是我到这儿来的主要目的。

This is the main purpose of my coming here.

【用法搭配】主楼：main building 主要工作：main business主句：main clause 主要课程；主菜：main course 干线：main line 大路：main road

【练习】1.Rice is our_________ （主食）（main food）

2.What is the ______ _____ ______(主菜)a meal? (main course of)

2. divide vt&vi 分，划分divide funds分配资金divide mails分拣邮件

注意区分separate

【练习】1。那条河在河口附近分岔。

2．他把大蛋和小蛋区分开来。

3．那个单词有两种不同的意思。

4．请不要让这样的小事使我们分开。

5．我们在拐角处分手了。

Key: 1.The river divides near its mouth 2. He separated the big eggs from the small ones. 3.the word has two separate meanings. 4. Please don’t let such a small matter divide us. 5. We separated at the corner.

【改错】Twenty is divided by ten makes two. (去掉is)

II.短语focus on 对。。。。。。予以注意；把。。。。。。当作兴趣中心

【练习】

1．讨论集中在三个主要问题上。The discussion focused on three main problems.

2．把注意力集中在你的工作上。Focus your attention on your work.

3．他发现很难将他的注意力集中在一件事情上。

He finds it hard to focus his thoughts on one thing.

4. Do you know the__________(焦点) of the trouble. （focus）

5．Only by__________ your attention _______ what you are learning can you learn it well.

A. focus ; on

B. pay; on

C. focusing; on

D. paying; on

III.词语辨析

1．Kind, sort, type, pattern, shape, form, style.

（1）总的来说kind和sort用法是相同的，只是kind较正式。sort多用于口语和商业用语，另外, sort有时含有轻蔑的意思。常见词组有：

A kind/sort of, this kind of, that kind of, all kinds of, many kinds of, different kinds of, various kinds of, 等，of 后面的名词多用单数，且不用冠词。

（2）说某一种类的东西常用of a kind的结构

Eg. 他们都是一类的。They are all of a kind.

我喜欢这种玫瑰花。I like roses of this kind. roses of this kind=such rose

（3）表示同种类的。What kind/sort of book do you like? What kind/sort of man is he?

（4）sort含有轻蔑的意思。

Eg. How did you get this sort of idea into your head? 你的脑子里怎么会有这种想法？

（5）form指较抽象的形式，也指物质结构的形状。

Eg. Ice, snow and steam are all different forms of water.

（6）style指文体、风格、写作方式、衣服款式

What do you know about the Norman style of architecture? 诺曼底式的建筑风格你了解多少？（7）pattern指典型，模型This is a sentence pattern. 这是个句型。

He has a pattern wife. 他有个模范妻子。

（8）shape 指形状，外形。Have the shape of the letter U. 呈U字形

rocks of various shapes 各种形态的岩石。

In the shape of 呈。。。的形状，以。。。形式

They showed us politeness in the shape of a banquet. 他们设宴对我们表示礼待。

【练习】

What’s your____________ (血型)？(blood type)

Grammar

1. He is raised in a place with other children who also have no parents.

Raise:

（1）“养大，带大”

He had to raise his children on a small income. 他得靠微簿的收入来抚养子女。

The baby was raised on milk. 这婴儿是用牛奶养大的。

（2）“饲养，种植”

他们靠养蚕等增加了收入。They increased their income by raising silkworms and so on.

在这个地区，人们饲养牛羊/种小麦。In this region, people raise cattle and sheep/wheat.

（3）“提出”

你为什么不在会上提出这个问题？Why didn’t you raise the question at the meeting?

（4）“筹集；募集”

他们为这个计划筹集资金遇到了很大的困难。They had much /great difficulty in raising money for the project.

（5）“提高，提升”raise one’s voice/hand/head 提高某人的嗓音/举手/抬头

raise the price of …提高。。。。。。的价格

The worker_________ (raise) to a higher position. (was raised)

2. Oliver was abused by his new master.

Abuse: “虐待；凌辱，”“滥用；乱用”

（1）奴隶主有权任意打骂、甚至杀害奴隶。

The slave-owner had the right to beat, abuse or even kill slaves at will.

Stop abusing the old horse.

（2）我把照相机借给你，你可别瞎用。I’ll lend you my camera but don’t abuse it.

Abuse one’s authority(power) 滥用职权（权力）

（3）绝不能允许他们滥用职权

They should never be allowed to abuse their authority and position.

（4）不要这样工作，否则会把身体搞垮的。Don’t abuse your health by working like that.

3. care about “在乎；在意；对。。。关心”

（1）这位黑人领袖说，他唯一关心的是黑人得到公平待遇。

The black leader said that the only thing he cared about was justice for his people.

（2）他只想到自己，不关心别人。

He thinks only of himself; he doesn’t care about other people.

（3）你怎么想不关我的事。I don’t care about what you think.

（4）你不怕丢掉工作吗？Don’t you care about losing your job?

【辨析】care about; 和care for 前者为“在乎；在意；对。。。关心”，后者表示“喜欢；对。。。感兴趣”

(1)上周我读了那首诗，不过我一点也不喜欢。

I read the poem last week but I didn’t care for it at all

(2)我不太喜欢骑自行车，我宁愿步行。

I don’t care for riding on a bike very much; I would rather go on foot.

4. pressure vt.“对。。。施加压力；强迫”

Pressure sb. to do sth. Pressure sb. into doing sth.

他们强迫他释放囚犯。They have pressured him into freeing the prisoners.

他被迫立即做出决定。He was pressured into making a decision immediately.

n. “压力;压迫”

（1）公众舆论的强大压力迫使他辞职了。

The strong pressure of the public opinion drove him from office.

（2）我们正努力给政府施压修改法律。

We are trying to put pressure on the government to change the law.

（3）由于工作上的压力，他不能来参加晚会。

He couldn’t come to the party because of pressure of work.

5. resist vi.&vt.

A:“抵抗；抗拒”

（1）他们奋力抵抗，但是埙失了大量的兵力和枪支。

They resisted desperately but lost a large number of guns and men.

（2）敌人抵抗不住都纷纷逃命了。

The enemy couldn’t resist any longer and ran for their lives.

（3）我顶住了他们想要影响我的所有企图。

I resisted all their attempts to influence me.

（4）这是一种耐高温的盘子。

It’s a kind of glass plate that resists heat.

B:“忍住；抵制；禁不住要”常用于否定句，后接动名词。

（1）她情不自禁地拿他的光头开玩笑。

She couldn’t resist making jokes about his baldness.

（2）他觉得要克服购买这些书的欲望是困难的。

He found it hard to resist buying these books.

（3）在那些场合她总忍不住要笑。

She could hardly resist laughing on those occasions.

6.deserve “应得（奖惩等）”“值得（注意等）”

（1）这个问题值得我们注意。

This question deserves our attention.

（2）他受到了应得的惩罚。

He got the punishment he deserved

（3）这些看法值得认真考虑。

These views deserve serious consideration.

（4）我工作做得不多，不应当受到这样的表扬和荣誉。

I have done so little and I don’t deserve such praise and honour.

★【注意】deserve后接动名词的一般式时，其主语与动名词之间在逻辑上是被动关系，如用不定式，应使用被动式。类似的词还有need, want, require.

（1）我感觉到像那样的人是值得照料的。

I feel a man like that deserves looking after. （2）他觉得自己不应得那么大的荣誉。

He felt that he didn’t deserve to be given such a great honor

（3）他们应该被好好对待。

They deserved to be well treated.

★【注意】deserve后接不定式的一般式时，主语执行不定式表示的动作。

（1）她应当赢，因为她是最优秀的。

She deserved to win because she was the best.

（2）凡有足够勇气选这门课程的学生一定能获得成功。

Students brave enough to attempt the course deserve to succeed.

短语归纳：(翻译并熟记)

1．分为两个主要的种类be divided into main categories

2．在畅销书名单中on the best-sellers

3．记实文学non-fiction

4．（音乐，风俗，戏剧，书籍。。。）的流行be popular

5．（衣服，头发，装饰品。。。）的流行be in fashion

6．小说中的主要人物the main character of the novel

7．经历一个异常的童年时代experience a abnormal childhood.

8．被赶出了济贫院be thrown out of the workhouse

9．成为一个残忍的主人的奴仆become a servant to a cruel master

10．受到某人的虐待be abused by…

11．被警察抓住get caught by the police

12．被带到法庭be taken to court

13．改造某人reform sb

14．一个藏身之地a hiding place

15．这本小说的主题the major theme of the novel

Task---Project

1. emphasis n. (C; U) (pl. emphases) 强调，重点

They put emphasis on developing nuclear power.

他们把重点放在发展核动力上。

用法拓展：

emphasize(-ise) vt. 强调，加强语气；重读

emphasize the importance of something 强调某事的重要性

emphasize repeatedly 反复强调

emphasize sth. to sb. 向某人强调某事

2. homemade adj.自制的；家里做的；国产的

They all like the delicious homemade cakes.

他们都喜欢这自制的美味蛋糕。

拓展：形容词/名词＋过去分词构成复合形容词

ready-made 现成的

man-made 人造的

new-born 新生的

warm-hearted 热心肠的

water-covered 被水覆盖的

3．spin

（1）vi. 旋转；将（棉花或羊毛）纺成（线或纱）

She spent her days spinning. 她整天在纺线。

She spun the wool into thread. 她把羊毛纺成纱线。

He spun the coin on the table. 他把硬币放在桌上旋转。（2）旋转

The dance ended with a dramatic spin.

这场舞蹈以一阵激动人心的旋转结束。

4．swiftly 迅速地

He finished the task swiftly. 他迅速地完成了那项任务。

5. pin vt. （用别针）别住；（用针）钉住；固住；压住

You can pin your notice up on the noticeboard. 你可以把通知钉在布告板上She pinned the brooch on her coat. 她把胸针别在衣服上。

6. talent n. (C;U) 才能，禀赋；天才

She shows great artistic talent. 她表现出卓越的艺术才华。Van Gogh was a painter of great talent. 凡高是一个天才画家。

He is looking for a way to use his talents. 他盼望有机会能一展所长。He is a great talent. 他是一个了不起的人才。have a talent for sth. 有……的天赋

Jenny has a talent for writing. 珍妮有写作天赋。talented adj. 有才能的；天才的

talentless adj.无才能的；平庸的

7. at the sight of 看到，一看到

I have been known to faint at the sight of blood.

大家都知道，我一看到血就会昏倒。

At the sight of her mother, the baby burst into tears.

一看到妈妈，那婴儿大哭起来。

拓展：catch sight of 看到；看见

keep sight of sb./ sth. 看住/监视某人/某物

Out of sight, out of mind 眼不见，心不念

8. supreme adj. 最高的；至上的；卓越的

A final decision on the case will be made by the Supreme Court.

本案将由最高法院作出最终决定。

This matter is of supreme importance.这件事最为重要。

改错：He is the most supreme ruler of the country.

9. Typical of the Scotch, Burns had a reputation for being funny and charming. 彭斯是一个典型的苏格兰人，以有趣和有魅力而闻名。

typical adj. 典型的

It’s typical of him to take hard jobs. 抢挑重担是他的特点。Apple pies are typical of American food. 苹果馅饼是典型的美国食品。reputation 名誉，名声，声誉

He has a good reputation as a doctor. 作为一名医生，他名声很好。He has a reputation for laziness. 他以懒惰出名。

build up/ make a reputation (for oneself) 树立声誉，博得名声

live up to one’s reputation 不负盛名

10. monument n. 纪念碑

They set up a monument to soldiers killed in the war.

他们树立了一个阵亡将士纪念碑。

拓展：monument 后常加介词to 表“……的纪念碑或纪念物”

the monument to the people’s heroes 人民英雄纪念碑

类似用法的词还有entrance, key, answer, notes, visit等

11. tend vi. 趋向；倾向；经常做，经常发生

Jenet tends to get angry if you ask stupid questions.

如果你问珍妮特愚蠢的问题，她常常会发火。

It tends to rain a lot here in spring.这里春天经常下雨。

Women tend to live longer than men. 女人多比男人长寿。

拓展：

tend v. 照管；看护；有助于

tendency n. 趋向，倾向

12. Burns wrote this poem in four short sections consisting of four lines each.

彭斯写的这首诗包括四节，每节四行。

consist vi. 组成，一致，常与of 连用

Coal consists mostly of carbon. 媒大部分是由炭组成的。

The club consists of more than 200 members. 这个俱乐部有200多个会员组成。

拓展：（1）consist of 由……组成

（2）consist in 存在于……,…….在于……

(3) consist with 与……一致，相符

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