2015高考英语语法专题复习名词与冠词(试题精解)( 2014高考)
语法专项(三)名词与冠词
一、名词
考点一名词词义辨析
1．关联词辨析。指在选择项中给出的四个内涵丰富的常用名词都属于某个属性范畴或者意义有某些共性，或与句子在某个方面有些关联，但在具体意义上彼此差异很大。如与事故、灾难有关联的：rescue“营救”；shelter“遮盖物；避难所”；proof“证据；检验；考验”等。
2．形近词辨析。某些形近词，包括拼写和读音相似的词、谐音词、同根词及同缀词等经常放在一起，看起来相似，其实意义相差甚远。这类题主要测试考生对细节把握的精确性以及对形近词的辨认与运用能力，如argument，agreement，arrangement；contact，contract，contrast，conflict，contrary等。
3．近义词辨析。选项所提供的几个词的词义相同或相近，这是高考的热点和难点，如power，force，strength和energy等。
[考题印证]
(2013·湖北荆州毕业班质检改编)The TV show first aired in the UK in 1990 and ran till 1995, enjoying huge ________(popular) not only in the UK but across the whole world.
解析：根据逗号前面的内容可知，此处表示这档电视节目不但在英国而且在全世界都很受欢迎。popularity“流行，受欢迎”，符合句意。
答案：popularity
考点二抽象名词具体化和物质名词个体化
1．抽象名词具体化
具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事，具体指特定的某一件事时，这一抽象名词可作为可数名词。
结果是20XX年伦敦奥运会是一次成功的盛会。
It is a great honour for China to develop the fastest computer in today's world.
中国研发出如今世界上最快的电脑，这真是一件令人荣幸的事。
2．有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词
Would you like some coffee?
你想喝点咖啡吗？
I would like a coffee and two beers.
我想要一杯咖啡和两杯啤酒。
二、冠词
考点一不定冠词a，an用法
1．不定冠词a(n)表示“某一个”，相当于some，译为“一个”。
—Could you tell me the way to the Johnsons, please?
请告诉我去约翰逊家怎么走？
—Sorry, we don't have a Johnson here in the village.
对不起，这个村庄里没有一个叫约翰逊的人。
[考题印证]
(2013·福建改编)The “Chinese Dream” is ________ dream to improve people's well-being and ________ dream of harmony, peace and development.
解析：本题考查冠词用于泛指的用法。由句意“中国梦是一个要改善人们的福利的梦并且是一个和谐、和平以及发展的梦想。”可知两空均为泛指。
答案：a；a
2．不定冠词a(n)用于抽象名词前，意为“一种……的人或事”。
Yesterday's party was a success.
昨晚的晚会是一次成功的晚会。
[考题印证]
(2012·南昌二模改编)Many people agree that ________ knowledge of English is ________ must in international trade today.
解析：考查冠词。不可数名词在表示其某一部分或某一方面的内
容概念时，前面用不定冠词。a knowledge of某一方面的知识；must 在本句中表示“必不可少的事物”，是可数名词。
答案：a；a
3．不定冠词a(n)用于有形容词修饰的一日三餐前。
The walk is expected to last all day, so bring a packed lunch.
这段路程预计要走一整天，所以带一份盒装午饭。
4．不定冠词a(n)用于有形容词修饰的季节、日期前。
We had a very cold winter last year.
去年我们度过了一个寒冷的冬天。
5．“a/an＋序数词”不表示排序，表“又一、再一”。
In order to find a better job, he decided to study a second foreign language.
为了找到一个更好的工作，他决定再学习一门外语。
[考题印证]
(2012·厦门质检改编)Alana had made up her mind to give up her new research work, but on ________ second thought she decided to try ________ third time.
解析：考查冠词。on second thought(s)是固定短语，意为“又一想，转念一想”；a＋序数词，意为“又一次，再一次”；the＋序数词，意为“第几”，根据“但再三考虑她决定再试一次”。
答案：不填；a
6．不定冠词a(n)用于形容词最高级前无比较含义，表示程度，意为“很，非常”。
He is a most wise man.
他是一位非常英明的人。
7．用于固定搭配中，如：as a matter of fact, in a hurry, in a word,
have a(an)．.. knowledge of，have a(an)．..understanding of，a waste of，a variety of，quite a few，in a way，all of a sudden，live a(an)＋adj.＋life等。
All of a sudden, she burst into tears.
她突然哭起来。
It is a waste of money to buy that expensive car.
买那么贵的小汽车是浪费金钱。
[考题印证]
(2013·全国Ⅱ改编)Four and ________ half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and ________ break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar.
解析：本题考查冠词的用法。句意：四个半小时的讨论使我们到了半夜，休息了一会吃了点奶酪、巧克力，喝了点茶。半个小时的说法是：half an hour或a half hour。break间歇，是单数可数名词，如have a break休息一会。
答案：a；a
考点二定冠词the的用法
1．用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、表示方位或表示发明物等的名词前。
As is known to us, the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
众所周知，太阳东方升起西方落下。
Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
1876年贝尔发明了电话。
注意：有些物体虽然也是独一的，但习惯上却不用冠词。
space太空nature自然man人类
[考题印证]
(2013·山东改编)It was ________ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ________ night sky.
解析：本题考查冠词。句意：那是一个寒冷冬天的晚上，月亮在夜晚的空中闪闪发光。第一空表示泛指，且night是可数名词，故用a；sky是独一无二的事物，故用定冠词。
答案：a；the
2．用在序数词和形容词最高级前面。
Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China.
在中国杨利伟是第一个登上太空的人。
[考题印证]
—Hi, Wang Xin! What attracts you so much in today's JinlingE v eningNe w s?
—I'm quite impressed by ______ latest news that ________ senior citizens can enjoy free fares.
解析：latest是形容词最高级，且此处表特指，前面应使用定冠词；senior citizens是复数名词表示泛指，前面不用冠词。
答案：the；不填
3．用在乐器名词前，特别是西洋乐器。
My brother is playing the piano while my sister is chatting on the Internet.
我哥哥在弹钢琴，而我妹妹在网上聊天。
4．用在表示计量的名词前，如by the hour，by the day，by the dozen，by the yard等，但是如表示单位的名词为不可数名词，之前不用冠词，如by weight/volume等。
Surprisingly，in that bookstore, books are sold by the dozen.
真想不到，在那个书店里书按打卖。
Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by the hour.
在大城市里，清洁工一般按小时计算薪水。
[考题印证]
(2012·山东潍坊三县市上学期联考改编)Tom works in a company and gets paid by ________ hour, totally 5,000 yuan ________ month.
解析：“by＋the＋计量单位名词”表示“按……”，by the hour 表示“按小时”，故第一空用定冠词the；第二空处表示泛指，用不定冠词a。
答案：the；a
5．用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。
It is not rare in the 1990s that people in their fifties went to university for further education.
在二十世纪九十年代五十多岁的人上大学进修不罕见了。
6．用在上文已出现过或说话双方都熟悉的事物前，表示特指意义。
—Did you enjoy yourself yesterday?
你昨天玩得开心吗？
—Yes, as you know, the party went on in a pleasant atmosphere.
是的，正如你所知，晚会是在愉快的气氛中进行的。
[考题印证]
—Nelson Mandela passed away on 5 December, 2013, at the age of 95.
—________ news came as ________ shock to me.
解析：句意：——20XX年12月5日，95岁的曼德拉逝世。——这个消息真是令人震惊的消息。由句意可知，选A项。第一空特指曼德拉逝世的消息；第二空填不定冠词，表示具体化的一件事。
答案：The；a
考点三零冠词的用法
1．连系动词turn后作表语的单数可数名词不用冠词，但名词前若有形容词作定语时，则通常加冠词。
Lu Xun was a doctor before he turned writer/became a writer.
鲁迅成为作家前是医生。
2．as/though引导的让步状语从句中，如果作表语的名词置于句首，习惯上单数名词前不用冠词。
Child as/though she is, she plays the violin perfectly.
尽管是个孩子，但她小提琴拉得很好。
3．在某些独立主格结构，如“单数名词＋介词短语”中，名词前不用冠词。
He rushed into the classroom, book in hand.
他冲进教室，手里拿着一本书。
4．no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后的名词不用冠词。
No such thing has ever happened in this village.
村子里从未发生过这种事。
5．一个兼多种身份的情况，只在第一个名词前使用冠词，其他名词前不再使用冠词，如a clerk and writer(职员兼作家)。
6．称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作宾语补足语及同位语时，不加冠词，常用名词有king，president，chairman，monitor，head等。
We made Tom monitor of our class.
我们选汤姆当我们班的班长。
[考题印证]
(2013·江西改编)Animals are obviously ________ lower form of
life than ________ man.
解析：考查冠词。句意：很明显动物是一种比人类低级的生物形式。空一用不定冠词表示“一种”，man表示人类时，前面不加冠词。
答案：a；不填
7．冠词有无，意义不同
在有些词组中，有无冠词含义不同。
in hospital住院(因病)
in the hospital在医院(工作、参观等)
in charge of负责……
in the charge of由……负责
out of question毫无疑问
out of the question不可能
[考题印证]
—Is the young man standing at the gate in ________possession of the car?
—No. The car is in ________possession of his father.
解析：in possession of“拥有；占有”；in the possession of...“被……拥有(占有)”。
答案：不填；the
强化训练
1.(2013·浙江改编)People develop ________ preference for a particular style of learning at ________ early age and these preferences affect learning.
答案：a；an本题考查冠词。句意：人们在很小的时候就形成了对某种特定的学习方式的偏爱，并且这些偏爱会影响学习。a preference for对……的某种偏爱；at an early age在很小的时候，均
为固定搭配。
2．(2013·重庆改编)The parents were shocked by ________ news that their son needed ________ operation on his knee.
答案：the；an本题考查冠词。句意：这对父母听到儿子需要做膝盖手术的消息很震惊。由语境可知，第一空特指“儿子膝盖要做手术的消息”，news前要加定冠词the；第二空operation作“手术”讲时为可数名词，此处是指“某一个手术”，前要加不定冠词an。
3．Dan Brown, ________ author of TheDaVinciCode, is ________ very famous American writer.
答案：the；a句意为：丹·布朗，《达·芬奇密码》的作者，是一位非常著名的美国作家。根据语境可知，第一空author后有of短语作定语，故表示的是特指，应用定冠词the；而第二空表示的是泛指，意为“一位……”，应用不定冠词a。
4．It was hard work, but completing it gave me ________ deep sense of satisfaction.
答案：a句意为：这份工作不好做，但完成它给我带来了深深的满足感。a sense of意为“一种……感”，为固定搭配。a sense of satisfaction意为“满足感”，符合语境。
5．There is no point________(persuade) him to give up computer games.
答案：(in)persuading句意为：想要说服他放弃电脑游戏是没有意义的。there is no point in doing sth.意为“做某事毫无意义，毫无作用”。
6．—Oh, my God! There was ________ earthquake in Shenyang on January 23.
—Really? I was there, but I didn't feel ________ earthquake at
all.
答案：an；the句意为：——哦，我的天呀！1月23日沈阳发生了地震。——真的吗？我当时也在那，但是我根本没有感觉到有地震。第一空后的earthquake是可数名词，泛指一次地震，用不定冠词；第二空后的earthquake第二次出现，且表示1月23日的那次地震，应用定冠词，表示特指。
7．Usually your style of dressing can be regarded as a ________(reflect) of your character.
答案：reflection句意为：通常你穿衣的风格反映(reflection)了你的个性。
8．Last Sunday, we took ________ guided walk around by ________ signs of the famous town.
答案：a；the句意为：上周末，我们在向导的陪同下，去那个城镇著名的景点转了一圈。have/take a walk意为“散步”，为固定短语，故第一空应用不定冠词a；第二空由于signs后有定语of the famous town修饰限定，因此其前应用定冠词the，表特指。
9．(2013·哈尔滨市质检，26改编)For years, scientists have been worried about the ________(affect) of air pollution on the earth condition.
答案：effect句意为：多年来，科学家们一直担心空气污染对地球环境造成的影响。effect意为“影响，效果”，常与介词on连用，常用于have an effect on句型中；根据句意和介词on可知，此处应用effect一词。
10．On Friday President Obama and his wife hosted ________ White House dinner with the visiting British guests.
答案：a泛指“一次白宫晚宴”，应加不定冠词a。
11．Students usually hold a positive attitude ________ school if their parents clearly value education.
答案：to/towards句意为：如果家长明显地重视教育，那么学生通常对学校持一种积极的态度。hold a positive attitude to/towards 意为“对……持积极的态度”，符合语境。
12．Drivers using mobile phones on ________ road are more likely to have accidents, a science report said recently.
答案：the句意为：近期，有科学报告称，驾驶员在路上使用手机很有可能出车祸。第一空特指“在行车的路上”，故用定冠词the。
13．You may demand ________ immediate refund if the company fails to supply the product in time.
答案：an句意为：如果这家公司不能及时提供产品，你可以申请立刻退款。
14．I can't remember when ________ turning point occurred exactly, but it might be ________ summer morning when I was in New York.
答案：the；a句意为：我不记得那个转折点确切发生在什么时候了，可能是我在纽约时的某个夏日的早上吧。“转折点”应该是谈话双方都知道的，且表示特指，所以第一空需用定冠词the；由“not... exactly”可知，具体的某个早晨是不确定的，所以第二空用不定冠词a。
15．Richardson joins a list of young stars whose ____________(career) and personal lives have been spoiled after early ________.
答案：careers句意为：Richardson成为了这类年轻明星中的一员，他们在年少时过早成名，后来的事业和个人生活却都毁掉了。
16．The worse air quality in the country has ________(strength)
the government's resolve to do something to address the problem.
答案：strengthened句意为：这个国家糟糕的空气质量更加坚定了政府去做一些事情以解决该问题的决心。
17．Because of the continuous bad weather, the building work of the bridge over the Yangtze River is far behind ________.
答案：schedule句意为：由于持续的恶劣天气，长江大桥的建设工作远远落后于原定计划。
18．We are going to lose anyway, so I can't see the ________ of playing this game.
答案：point句意为：不管怎样我们都会输的，因此，我不明白玩这个游戏还有什么意义。
19．Sometimes it's a bit challenging to reach a ________ between parents' expectations and their kids' desires.
答案：compromise考查名词辨析。句意为：有时候要使父母的期望和孩子的愿望达到折中是一件具有挑战性的事情。compromise 意为“妥协，折中，和解”。根据语意可知，此处表示矛盾的两方达成和解。
20．After careful ________(consider), they finally decided that each child will be offered ________ university education.
答案：consideration；a根据语境可知，第一空填名词consideration；第二空指提供一次大学教育，需要注意的是university 音标开头为辅音音素，所以应用不定冠词a。故答案选D。
21．Currently, many American women are still faced with the ________ of choosing between work and family commitments.
答案：dilemma考查名词。句意为：现在，很多美国女性依然面临着工作与家庭之间的两难抉择。
22．Some students think they enjoy reading just out of interest, but others argue that a better score is their main ________(motivate)．答案：motivation考查名词辨析。句意为：一些学生认为他们喜欢阅读是出于兴趣，然而另一些学生却认为得高分才是他们去阅读的动力(motivation)。
23．—What does PM2.5 mean?
—It's a professional ________ indicating the condition of air pollution.
答案：term考查名词辨析。句意为：——PM2.5什么意思呀？——那是一个表明空气状况的专业术语。term意为“术语”，符合题意。
24．(2013·天津市十二区县联考二，1)We need an effective strategy to help children living in poverty to have the opportunity to receive ________ good education.
答案：a考查冠词用法。句意为：我们需要一个有效的策略来帮助贫困儿童有机会接受到良好的教育。education是抽象名词，但当它与形容词连用表示具体意义时，其前应用不定冠词。一些抽象名词与形容词连用表示具体意义时，可以与不定冠词连用。常见的此类名词有：failure，success，surprise，rain，beauty，education等。
25．The actress received an award for her ________(devote) to charity work.
答案：devotion句意为：这个女演员因她对慈善工作的奉献而受到表彰。
最新高中英语冠词练习题及答案
高中英语冠词练习题及答案 ( ) 1.______recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S .would be higher than the number of English speaker by_____ year 2090. A. A, the B. A, / C. The ,/ D. The, a ( ) 2.If you go by ______train ,you can have quite a comfortable journey ,but make sure you get _____fast one. A. /, / B./, a C. the, a D./,/ ( ) 3. It is often said that ____teachers have _______very easy life. A /,/ B. /,a C. the,/ D. the, a ( ) 4.I can’t remember whe n exactly the Robinsons left _____city ,I only remember it was ______ Monday. A. the , the B. a ,the C. a, a D. the, a ( ) 5.If you grow up in ______large family ,you are more likely to develop _____ability to get on well with ______others . A. /,an the B. a, the ,/ C. the ,an ,the D. a, the ,the ( ) 6.Mrs ,Taylor has ___8-year-old daughter who has _____gift for painting –she has won two national prizes. A. a, a B. an ,the C. an ,a D. the ( )7.After dinner, he gave Mr. Richardson ________ride to ________Capital Airport. A .the, a B. a the C. /, a D. /, the ( )8.On May 5, 2005, at ___ World Table Tennis Championship ,Kong Ling hui and Wang Hao won the gold medal in men’s with ____score of 4:1. A. a ,a B. / the C. a ,/ D. the ,a ( )9.I knew ______John Lennon ,but not ____famous one. A. /,a B. a ,the C. /,the D. the, a ( )10.The book tells ____life story of John Smith ,who left _______school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16. A. the, the B. a , the C. the./ D. a,/ ( )11.When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to _____hotel ; I can find you ______bed in my flat. A. the ,a B. the,/ C. a ,the D. a,/ ( )12.If you buy more than ten, they will knock 20 pence off________. A. a price B. price C. the price D. prices
2017年高考英语四海八荒易错集专题01名词与冠词
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