浙江省 导游考试 西湖景区 导游词 英语

(2) Yu Chamber

?Yu Chamber, a two-story Chinese style building, where Yu Yue once delivered lectures and wrote books, was constructed with funds raised by his students Xu Qi(Xu huanong徐花农) in 1878. Behind the building, there used to be a stone library, named " Quyuan Library"（曲园书藏）by himself. It was a place to store Chun Zai Tang Collections（春在堂全书）. Later the collections were removed to Beijing and the library was abandoned. But a stone tablet carved with the name of the library is now still kept in the Xiling Seals & Engravers' Society.

?Before the Anti-Japanese War, Yu Chamber was once rebuilt into a three-story western style building. And after the war, it was rented and served as a restaurant. In 1949, it became a resident house. In 1959 the Solitary Hill was under a large scale of renovations. The enclosing wall of the mansion was torn down and the chamber was turned into a park. The three-story building at present was rebuilt in 1998 as Yu's memorial hall.

3. Xiling Seal Engravers’ Society;

Louwailou

( Building Beyond Building) Restaurant

1) The Xiling Seal Engravers’ Society

?Key points:

?(1) Briefing on Xiling Seal-Engravers? Society;

?(2) Introduction on the garden of the society:

?(3) Three main buildings of Xiling Seal-Engravers? Soci ety

(1) Briefing on Xiling Seal-Engravers’ Society

?Key Points:

?The origin of its name;

?the aim of the society;

?its founder and presidents

A. The origin of its name:

?Xiling Seal-Engraver?s Society is noted throughout the country for its study of epi graphic art. As the site is near Xiling, it was named Xiling Seal-Engravers? Society. It was founded in 1913. From 1904, Wu Changshuo, Ding Ren (丁仁)，Wang Yi (王易)，Ye Weiming (叶为铭) and Wu Yin (吴隐) and other epigraphists bought a piece of land to build a building, thus Xiling Seal-Engravers? Society was formally set up in 1913.

?(From 1904 on, Wu Chjangshuo and other eminent epigraphists like Ding Ren (丁仁)，Wang Yi (王易)，Ye Weiming (叶为铭) and Wu Yin (吴隐) often met at Solitary Hill for academic discussions and rese arch, and proposed a seal engravers’ society. After ten years of painstaking preparations, the society was formally set up in 1913, with the aim to “preserve seal-cutting and conduct research into art”, Wu was elected its first president.)

B. The aim of the society

Xiling Seal-Engravers? Society was formally set up in 1913 with the aim of “to preserve seal-cutting and conduct research into art”. (保存金石，研究印学）

C. The founder and presidents of the society

?The founders of the society are吴昌硕、丁仁、叶为民、王易、吴隐.

?The first president is Wu Changshuo. Other presidents are 马衡、张宗祥、沙孟海、赵朴初、启功。

(2) Introduction on the garden of the society

?Key points:

?the characteristics of the garden buildings;

?which style does it belong to?

A. The characteristics of the garden buildings

?The Xiling Seal-Engravers? Society is also a nice traditional garden in southeast China. Situated along the hill, the whole garden creates a serene, agreeable atmosphere that mingles scenery with art.

?Architecturally speaking, the society is surrounded by green tiles and white wall. From the viewpoint of its layout, all the buildings in the garden are built around the hill, creating a serene, agreeable environment that mingles scenery with art. In the garden, there are some well-known constructions consisting of one pagoda—Huayan pagoda, one stele--, three buildings and three statues. Three statues---the statues of Dengsiru，Wuchangsuo and Dingjing, and four Springs-- the Seal Spring (印泉), the Leisure Spring (闲泉), the Literary Spring () and the Concentration Spring (潜泉).

B. Which style does it belong to?

?The garden buildings of Xiling Seal-Engravers?

Society and its layout present the outstanding art

style of classical garden in south China.

(3) Huayan pagoda

This is Huayan pagoda. It looks like a big painting brush erecting in the center of the garden, therefore becomes the landmark of the garden. It was set up in 1924 with the money raised by a member of the society Monk Hongshan.

(4) The stele of Sanlao

?A. The origin of the stele

?Kept in a stone house of Sanlao on the hill, is the stele of the Taboo Names and Dates of Death （《三老讳字忌日碑》）with a history of over 1900 years. The stele was unearthed at Kexing （客星）Hill in Yuyao County in 1852 during Qing Dynasty. “Sanlao” is the title for an official in charge of cultural and educational work. “Weizi” refers to the taboo name of the elders and “Jiri” refers to the dates of death of the elders.

?B. The value of the stele

?This is a stele recording the taboo names and dates of the death of Sanlao and other deceased. The character style of the epigraph is between seal character in Qin Dynasty （秦篆）and official script in Han Dynasty（汉隶）. According to scientific research, the stele was inscribed in Eastern Han Dynasty in 52 AD. The stele is 88 cm high and 45 cm wide. It separately records the names of Sanlao?s parents, his grandparents and his son s and daughters with 217 legible characters. It is not only the most treasured stone tablets dating back 1940 to the early Eastern Han Dynasty and a treasure work of art among the unearthed antiques of the country but also noted as “The No.1 Stele in Easte rn China”. It provides an important reference for studying the origin and development of stone engraving and tomb inscriptions of China.

(5) Three main buildings of Xiling Seal-Engravers’ Society

Key points:

three main buildings;

the construction background of the buildings;

A. Three main buildings

Three main buildings are the Bamboo Chamber, the Cypress Hall and the Four-Shining Hall.

B. The construction background

of the buildings

?The Bamboo Chamber was put up by Poet Bai Juyi during the Tang Dynasty. When Bai Juyi was the governor of Hangzhou, he often took rest in the chamber after going sightseeing around the West Lake.

?The Cypress Hall dates back 561 years to the Southern Song Dynasty. It was put up by a monk named zhiquan(志铨)。It is said that two Cypress tress were planted there as early as in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. One of the two trees withered away and became a fossil. When it was knock, the fossil sounded like metal and stone. Therefore Zhiquan, the monk, put up a hall beside the tree and named it Cypress Hall.

Si Zhao Pavilion (The Four-Shining Hall) was founded in Song Dynasty in 1729 when Li Wei was in the charge of the province. Known as one of the eight scenes of the temporary imperial palace in the Qing Dynasty, the pavilion sits at the top of Solitary Hill with broad windows on the four sides. Picturesque scenery of the lake is visible from the building. Hills and pagodas are mirrored in the clear lake. So in 1671 the pavilion was named Si Zhao Pavilion, meaning "Reflecting the Clouds and the Peaks in all sides" by Kangxi, an emperor of the Qing Dynasty.

(6) The three stone statues

The three stone statues are statue of Wu Chuangshuo（吴昌硕）, statue of Deng Shiru(邓石如) and

statue of Ding Jing（丁敬）. The statue of Wu Changshuo is located in the Small Longhong Cave. Wu is the first president of Xiling Seal-Engravers?s Society. His poem, calligraphy, painting and engraving skills are noted as “Four Unique Skills”. The statue with an umbrella in hand and a bamboo hat on back is the statue of Deng Shiru who was an engraver of Anhui School; and the statue sitting in front of the Stone House of Sanlao is the statue of Ding Jing who was the representative of the Seal-cutting of Zhejiang School.

(7) The four springs of Xiling Seal-Engravers’ Society

Key points：

four springs of Xiling Seal-Engravers’ Society;

the significances of their names

A. Four springs

The four springs of Xiling Seal-Engravers? Society are the Seal Spring (印泉), the Leisure Spring (闲泉), the Literary Spring (文泉) and the Concentration Spring (潜泉).

B. The significances of their names

The two Chinese characters “ Seal Spring” was written by a Japanese engraver named Changweijia(长尾甲)，meaning “developing friendship through the study of engraving”; “Literary Spring” was named by Yu Quyan, meaning “Ideas of writing wells up like the spring”; The Concentration Spring ( Qian Quan ) was named after Wu Qian, one of the founder of the society, who invented a inkpad named after the spring; The Leisure Spring is located under the Leisure Building, thus the name.

?The Louwailou

( Building Beyond Building) Restaurant

Key points:

the origin of the restaurant;

its history and the popular dishes it serves;

(1) The origin of the restaurant

?The name of the restaurant is three Chinese charaters Lou Wai Lou ( Building Beyond Building) It was said to be taken from the Southern Song poet Lin Sheng?s (林升)poem, the first two lines of which read like this：

?“Mountains beyond mountain s and tower beyond tower,

?Could song and dance by the West Lake be ended anyhow?”

?In another story the restaurant is said to be named by Yu Yue. When the founder set up the

restaurant, it was located to the east of Yu Chamber. At that time, the founder invited Yu Yue to give a name to the restaurant. Yu said with a smile: “Since your restaurant is located beside my house (Yu Chamber), why not call it “Building beyond Building”. From then on, people began to call it “Building beyond Building”

(2) Its history and the popular dishes it serves;

?The Restaurant is a one-hundred-year-old restaurant, dating back to 1848 with a history of over 140 years. It was founded by Hong Duantang (洪端堂)。it has been famed for the traditional delicacies of Hangzhou cuisine, such as …West Lake Carp in Vinegar Sauce?, …Beggar?s Chicken?, …Dongpo Pork?, …Shelled Shrimps with Longjing Green Tea Leaves?, …Deep Fried Ringing Bells （Soybean Scum Rolls）? etc. In 1972, when the former American President Richard Nixon came to China, our late Premier Zhou Enlai treated him with all these dishes here.

?4. Zhongshan Park; The Solitary Hill;

Zhejiang Provincial Museum；

1) Zhongshan Park

?Key points:

?Zhongshan Park;

?West Lake Heavenly Sight

(1) Zhongshan Park

?Zhongshan Park is located on the southern slope of Solitary Hill. It covers an area of 1 ha. (hectare), or 2.47 acre. It was constructed in 1252 in the Southern Song Dynasty as an imperial garden of a grand palace named Western Taiyi Palace. In the Qing Dynasty, a traveling lodge was built there by Emperor Kaixi during his inspection tour of Hangzhou. Later it was transformed into Shengyin Temple(圣因寺) by Emperor Yongzheng, which became one of the four noted temples in Hangzhou ( the other three being Lingyin Temple, Zhaoqing Temple and Jingci Temple). In 1927 it was partly turned into a public park called Zhongshan(Sun Yat-sen) Park in memory of Dr. Sun Yat-sun who led the Revolution of 1911, which overturned the Qing Dynasty. The two stone lions in front of the doorway of the garden are antiques from Qing Dynasty. On a wall in the garden, there are two characters “Guo” and “Shan” (literarily means “Solitary Hill), which was said to be inscribed in Song Dynasty. The character “Guo” is not completed, meaning “The solitary hill is not solitary at all”.

(2) West Lake Heavenly Sight: (西湖天下景)

?West Lake Heavenly Sight is the highlight of the park. On the spot, artificial rocks are made to imitate different objects and human figures. Though man-made, they look most natural. The layout of scenery is so special that it is regarded as an elegant mini garden in the world. On the pillars of one of the pavilions there hangs a couplet inscribed by Huang Wenzhong (黄文中) in 1934 in praise of the scenic and picturesque West Lake. The couplet reads: “With water and hills, every place looks bright and beautiful; In rain or sunshine, every moment appears pleasant and wonderful.” (水水山山处处明明秀秀，晴晴雨雨时时好好奇奇)

2) The Solitary Hill

?Key points:

?the location, the height and size of the Solitary Hill

?Today in the lake, there?s one natural island, two causeways a nd three artificial islets. To our left,

that?s the only natural island—the Solitary Hill. The Solitary Hill sits in the northern part of the lake and is the home of quite a few important tourist attractions, such as the ruins of the Temporary Palace of the Qing emperors, the Xiling Seal-engravers? Society, Wenlan Ge Library, which is one of the 7 imperial libraries in China, the Crane Pavilion, which is the recluse residence of the Northern Song Dynasty poet Lin Hejin, Tomb of Qiu Jin, a heroine who contributed in toppling the last feudal dynasty etc. Through the trees over there, you can see the statue of the heroine, Qiu Jin. It was buried there at her own will. She was executed by the Qing government at the age of 31 in her hometown, Shaoxing.

3) Zhejiang Provincial Museum

?Key points:

?the foundation, location and size of the museum;

?the layout of the museum and the culture the museum presents；

(1) The foundation, location and size of the museum

?Located on the southern slope of the Solitary Hill, Zhejiang Provincial Museum covers an area

of 5 hectares. Established in 1929 right after the first West Lake Expo was held, the museum was originally known as “Zhejiang West Lake Museum” and it obtained its resent name in 1972. (2) The layout of the museum

?The museum is made up of a group of garden-style buildings richly features the traditional

private gardens south of Yangtze River. It has such exhibition halls as Cultural Relics, Celadon, Painting and Calligraphy, Coin, Handicraft, Gift and Souvenir, and International Cultural Exchange.

(3) The culture the museum presents

?The wall and the gate of the museum present Liangzhu Culture.

?（The stone carvings inlaid on the wall-- “Twin Birds Facing the Rising Sun” (双鸟舁yu凤)

symbolize the worship of Chinese ancestors towards the sun(图腾) 7000 years ago. The gate is made of granite with designs imitating the coronary vessel in Liang zhu Culture. ）

?6. Broken Bridge and “Lingering Snow at Broken Bridge”;

?Precious Stone Hill; Baochu Pagoda

1) Broken Bridge and “Lingering Snow at Broken Bridge”

?Key points：

?“three unusual sceneries” of West Lake; three factors for the popularity of Broken Bridge;

?the explanations of its name;

?the legend “The Romance of White Snake”;

(1) “Three unusual sceneries” of West Lake

?The name of the bridge reminds local people of the “three unusual sceneries” of West Lake. The

Broken Bridge is the most famous bridge in China. The other two are Long Bridge and Solitary Hill.

(2)Three factors for the popularity of Broken Bridge

?The popularity of the Broken Bridge is due to three factors: its bizarre name, its peculiar scene in winter and its literary significance. The so-called Broken Bridge is, of course, not broken. It is as complete as any other bridge in China.

?The name of the bridge reminds local people of the three unusualness of West Lake, that is, Broken Bridge which is not broken, the long bridge which is not long, and the Solitary Hill which is not solitary.

(3)The explanations of its name

?The Broken Bridge has different names over the years but the present one first appeared in a Tang Dynasty poem. Explanations of its name may vary, but the more accepted one is that after a snow fall, people love to come here to view the snow. Naturally, the snow on the bridge melts long before anywhere else on the causeway. When viewed from the top of a nearby hill, the whole causeway seems to be broken by the bridge. Gradually, the Snow Scene on the Broken Bridge has constituted one of the best-known sights in the city. Another explanation is that the name is derived from the fact that Bai Causeway is terminated by the bridge. Others think that it has been named after a certain Duan Family Village which existed many years ago near the bridge. The word Duan has the same sound as another word meaning “broken”. Therefore it was called “Broken Bridge”. The bridge is also called Heart-broken Bridge for it was the scene of a very popular folk story—the story of White Snake.

(4) The legend “The Romance of the White Snake”

?The bridge has obtained literary significance because it is closely related to a very popular Chinese folklore, “The Romance of the White Snake”. The bridge is the meeting point for the Lady White Snake and her lover Xu Xian. The beautiful Lady White Snake, who had been transformed from a real white snake, met the scholar Xu Xian for the first time on the bridge. The two fell in love at first glance, married and had a child. An evil monk who was transformed from a 1,000-year-old turtle came to interfere in their love. Using supernatural power, he subdued the Lady White Snake under a heavy pagoda in Hangzhou. Years later, the unfortunate lady was freed by her friend and the monk got due punishment.

?Today, the bridge still remains to be the three lovers? bridges of the West Lake.

2) Precious Stone Hill

?Key points:

?The explanation of the name of the hill;

?Emperor Qin?s Mooring Rock

(1) Explanation of the name of the hill

?The Precious Stone Hill is over 200 meters in height. Its scenic feature is the huge boulders

scattered along its ridge. Unlike the lime stones to be found in most of the surrounding hills, these boulders are rhyolite and tuff rocks. They look purple red or grey and shine dazzlingly bright in the sun like real jasper. Hence the name, the Precious Stone Hill.

(2) Emperor Qin’s Mooring Rock

?At the southern foot of the Precious Stone Hill can be found a huge boulder, which is believed to be where the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty (221-207 BC) had his boat moored. The West Lake at that time was a bay connected with the Qiantang River. On his way of pilgrimage to King Yu the Great in Shaoxing, Emperor Qin was stopped here because of a heavy storm. He had his boat moored on the rock, which has been thereafter called “Emperor Qin?s Mooring Stone”(秦皇缆船石). In Northern Song Dynasty, Monk Si Jing carved the rock into a 3.3-meter-high bust of the Buddha which aroused the interest from the Hangzhou citizens and a temple was built there.

?6. Broken Bridge and “Lingering Snow at Broken Bridge”;

?Precious Stone Hill; Baochu Pagoda

1) Broken Bridge and “Lingering Snow at Broken Bridge”

?Key points：

?“three unusual sceneries” of West Lake; three factors for the po pularity of Broken Bridge;

?the explanations of its name;

?the legend “The Romance of White Snake”;

(1) “Three unusual sceneries” of West Lake

?The name of the bridge reminds local people of the “three unusual sceneries” of West Lake. The

Broken Bridge is the most famous bridge in China. The other two are Long Bridge and Solitary Hill.

(2)Three factors for the popularity of Broken Bridge

?The popularity of the Broken Bridge is due to three factors: its bizarre name, its peculiar scene in winter and its literary significance. The so-called Broken Bridge is, of course, not broken. It is as complete as any other bridge in China.

?The name of the bridge reminds local people of the three unusualness of West Lake, that is, Broken Bridge which is not broken, the long bridge which is not long, and the Solitary Hill which is not solitary.

(3)The explanations of its name

?The Broken Bridge has different names over the years but the present one first appeared in a

Tang Dynasty poem. Explanations of its name may vary, but the more accepted one is that after a snow fall, people love to come here to view the snow. Naturally, the snow on the bridge melts long before anywhere else on the causeway. When viewed from the top of a nearby hill, the whole causeway seems to be broken by the bridge. Gradually, the Snow Scene on the Broken Bridge has constituted one of the best-known sights in the city. Another explanation is that the name is derived from the fact that Bai Causeway is terminated by the bridge. Others think that it has been named after a certain Duan Family Village which existed many years ago near the bridge. The word Duan has the same sound as another word meaning “broken”. Therefore it was called “Broken Bridge”. The bridge is also called Heart-broken Bridge for it was the scene of a very popular folk story—the story of White Snake.

(4) The legend “The Romance of the White Snake”

?The bridge has obtained literary significance because it is closely related to a very popular Chinese folklore, “The Romance of the White Snake”. The bridge is the meeting point for the Lady White Snake and her lover Xu Xian. The beautiful Lady White Snake, who had been transformed from a real white snake, met the scholar Xu Xian for the first time on the bridge. The two fell in love at first glance, married and had a child. An evil monk who was transformed from a 1,000-year-old turtle came to interfere in their love. Using supernatural power, he subdued the Lady White Snake under a heavy pagoda in Hangzhou. Years later, the unfortunate lady was freed by her friend and the monk got due punishment.

?Today, the bridge still remains to be the three lovers? bridges of the West Lake.

2) Precious Stone Hill

?Key points:

?The explanation of the name of the hill;

?Emperor Qin?s Mooring Rock

(1) Explanation of the name of the hill

?The Precious Stone Hill is over 200 meters in height. Its scenic feature is the huge boulders

scattered along its ridge. Unlike the lime stones to be found in most of the surrounding hills, these boulders are rhyolite and tuff rocks. They look purple red or grey and shine dazzlingly bright in the sun like real jasper. Hence the name, the Precious Stone Hill.

(2) Emperor Qin’s Mooring Rock

?At the southern foot of the Precious Stone Hill can be found a huge boulder, which is believed to be where the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty (221-207 BC) had his boat moored. The West Lake at that time was a bay connected with the Qiantang River. On his way of pilgrimage to King Yu the Great in Shaoxing, Emperor Qin was stopped here because of a heavy storm. He had his boat moored on the rock, which has been thereafter called “Emperor Qin?s Mooring Stone”(秦皇缆船石). In Northern Song Dynasty, Monk Si Jing carved the rock into a 3.3-meter-high bust of the Buddha which aroused the interest from the Hangzhou citizens and a temple was built there.

3) Baochu Pagoda

?Key points:

?briefing on Baochu Pagoda;

?the origin of its name

(1) Briefing on Baochu Pagoda

?Baochu Pagoda is known as the landmark of the West Lake. It stands on the top of the Precious Stone Hill. It was built in 968 in the Northern Song Dynasty. Baochu Pagoda used to have nine stories, but has only seven now after repeated repairs. The present brick-and-stone structure Baochu Pagoda is 45.3 meters high, was rebuilt in 1933. It is a solid pagoda with no interior staircase. As a landmark on the West Lake, the pagoda has particular architectural value and appears exceptionally elegant and beautiful when looked at from a distance. The ancient people compared it to a beautiful girl standing slim and graceful on the hill. Many a visitor believes that without the pagoda, the West Lake would not look as pretty as it is.

(2) The origin of its name

?Baochu Pagoda is also called Blessing Chu Pagoda. In 968, Qian Chu, the last king of the Wuyue Kingdom, was summoned by the emperor to the capital, Kaifeng, in central China. Many days passed with no news of his return home. So one of his ministers had the pagoda erected as a temple where prayers could be said for the safe return of the king. It is thus called Baochu Pagoda, namely, Blessing Chu Pagoda.

?7. Leifeng Pagoda; Su Causeway

1) Leifeng Pagoda

?Key points：

?briefing on the view “Leifeng Pagoda in Evening Glow”;

?the history of Leifeng Pagoda

(1) Briefing on the view “Leifeng Pagoda in Evening Glow”

?Opposite Evening Bell at Nanping Hill is the well-known splendid Leifeng (Thunder Peak) Pagoda. It is one of the “Ten Views of West Lake”—“Leifeng Pagoda in Evening Glow”. In the folklore “The Legend of White Snake”, the lady white snake used to be subdued under the pagoda. The pagoda is regarded as another landmark of the West Lake.

?Located on the south shore of the lake with Baochu Pagoda situated on the north shore, Leifeng Pagoda stands far apart facing Baochu Pagoda and the pair of pagodas form a picturesque view of the lake and formerly known as two gateways to the lake.

(2) The history of Leifeng Pagoda

?Leifeng Pagoda was erected in 975 in Wuyue Kingdom in the Five Dynasty by Qian Hongchu, king of Wuyue, to celebrate the birth of his son. Built of brick and wood, the pagoda was a story-pavilion-type structure. It originally had seven stories and after the rebuild in Southern Song Dynasty, it had only five stories. During 950 years, Leifeng Pagoda survived fires and wars and damage, but collapsed at last in 1924.

?In the year of 2000, the pagoda was rebuilt by the municipal government. The reconstruction

took two years and the pagoda was open to the public on Oct. 25 in 2002. During the reconstruction, many priceless treasures were unearthed which are now displayed in the Zhejiang Museum.