园艺专业英语考试资料

China’s Cheese Market Research Report

The report mainly researches on the market status and foreseeable future trend of cream cheese, cheddar Cheese and Mozzarella cheese, but more than that.The data cited in the report not only includes domestic and foreign official information, but also the information achieved through on-the-spot investigation by researchers. The research method combines desk study and on-the-spot investigation which consists of on-site visit and telephone interview. We make in-depth visit on star level hotels and restaurants, food production and processing enterprises with cheese as ingredient, food chain, cheese importers and dealers, natural cheese and processed cheese manufacturers and related industrial institutes. The report contains the overall development status of China’s cheese industry, policy environment, technological environment, import and export, basic market structure, cheese (mainly on cream cheese, cheddar Cheese and Mozzarella cheese) market capacity and growth trend, consumption, competition structure, development tendency and conditions of key cheese production enterprises. Wrote by senior researcher who is familiar with Chinese dairy industry chain and world dairy industry, the report will be an important reference to domestic and foreign dairy products companies who want to expand their market share in China, investment organizations and other related researchers.

Nut Growers in Turkey

Introduction

Crude Oil Production in Turkey industry profile provides top-line qualitative and quantitative summary information including: market size (value and volume 2006-10, and forecast to 2015). The profile also contains descriptions of the leading players including key financial metrics and analysis of competitive pressures within the market. Essential resource for top-line data and analysis covering the Turkey crude oil production market. Includes market size data, textual and graphical analysis of market growth trends, leading companies and macroeconomic information. Highlights

*The crude oil production industry measures crude oil production in respective countries/regions. The market values are calculated using regional spot oil prices averaged over the whole year. As oil markets are experiencing a period of price volatility, future trends are difficult to predict; thus the forecasts given in this report are only given as an indication of the market's possible future growth.

All currency conversions used in the production of this report have been calculated using constant 2010 annual average exchange rates.

*The Turkish crude oil production industry had a total revenue of $1.4 billion in 2010, representing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.7% for the period spanning 2006-2010. *Industry consumption volumes increased with a CAGR of 2.6% between 2006 and 2010, to reach a total of 17.1 million barrels in 2010.

*The performance of the industry is forecast to decelerate, with an anticipated CAGR of 2.3% for the five-year period 2010-2015, which is expected to drive the industry to a value of $1.6 billion by the end of 2015.

Features

Save time carrying out entry-level research by identifying the size, growth, and leading players in the crude oil production market in Turkey

Use the Five Forces analysis to determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of the crude oil production market in Turkey

Leading company profiles reveal details of key crude oil production market players’ global operations and financial performance

Add weight to presentations and pitches by understanding the future growth prospects of the Turkey crude oil production market with five year forecasts by both value and volume Macroeconomic indicators provide insight into general trends within the Turkey economy

Cereal Crops in Taiwan

Introduction

Cereal Crops in Taiwan industry profile provides top-line qualitative and quantitative summary information including: market size (value and volume 2006-10, and forecast to 2015). The profile also contains descriptions of the leading players including key financial metrics and analysis of competitive pressures within the market. Essential resource for top-line data and analysis covering the Taiwan cereal crops market. Includes market size and segmentation data, textual and graphical analysis of market growth trends, leading companies and macroeconomic information. Highlights

*The cereal crops industry is broken down into three segments: wheat, coarse grains (barley, oats, sorghum and other coarse grains), and rice. The market volumes reflect consumption in each country, calculated on the basis of production plus imports minus exports. Cereal crops are valued at producer prices. All currency conversions used in the production of this report have been calculated using constant 2010 annual average exchange rates.

*The Taiwanese cereal crops industry had total revenue of $3.6 billion in 2010, representing a compound annual rate of change (CARC) of -6.5% for the period spanning 2006-2010.

*Industry production volumes decreased with a CARC of -3.7% between 2006-2010, to reach a total of 6.8 million tons in 2010.

*The performance of the industry is forecast to decline further but at the lower pace, with an anticipated CARC of -1.7% for the five-year period 2010-2015, which is expected to drive the industry to a value of $3.3 billion by the end of 2015

Features

Save time carrying out entry-level research by identifying the size, growth, major segments, and leading players in the cereal crops market in Taiwan

Use the Five Forces analysis to determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of the cereal crops market in Taiwan

Leading company profiles reveal details of key cereal crops market players’ global operations and financial performance

Add weight to presentations and pitches by understanding the future growth prospects of the Taiwan cereal crops market with five year forecasts by both value and volume Macroeconomic indicators provide insight into general trends within the Taiwan economy

Cereal Crops in Japan

摘要

Introduction

Cereal Crops in Japan industry profile provides top-line qualitative and quantitative summary

information including: market size (value and volume 2006-10, and forecast to 2015). The profile also contains descriptions of the leading players including key financial metrics and analysis of competitive pressures within the market. Essential resource for top-line data and analysis covering the Japan cereal crops market. Includes market size and segmentation data, textual and graphical analysis of market growth trends, leading companies and macroeconomic information. Highlights

*The cereal crops industry is broken down into three segments: wheat, coarse grains (barley, oats, sorghum and other coarse grains), and rice. The market volumes reflect consumption in each country, calculated on the basis of production plus imports minus exports. Cereal crops are valued at producer prices. All currency conversions used in the production of this report have been calculated using constant 2010 annual average exchange rates.

*The Japanese cereal crops industry had total revenue of $45.8 billion in 2010, representing a compound annual rate of change (CARC) of -3.9% for the period spanning 2006-2010.

*Industry production volumes decreased with a CARC of -1.1% between 2006-2010, to reach a total of 33.9 million tons in 2010.

*The performance of the industry is forecast to accelerate, with an anticipated CARC of -2.2% for the five-year period 2010-2015, which is expected to drive the industry to a value of $41.1 billion by the end of 2015.

Features

Save time carrying out entry-level research by identifying the size, growth, major segments, and leading players in the cereal crops market in Japan

Use the Five Forces analysis to determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of the cereal crops market in Japan

Leading company profiles reveal details of key cereal crops market players’ global operations and financial performance

Add weight to presentations and pitches by understanding the future growth prospects of the Japan cereal crops market with five year forecasts by both value and volume

Macroeconomic indicators provide insight into general trends within the Japan economy

岩棉块有结构稳定、匀质性好、无毒、化学性稳定的特性，其作为无土栽培基质在过去的十几年间发展速度很快。

The rock-wool slabs（板子）that have a stable structure，are homogeneous（均匀的），sterile （贫瘠的）and chemically inert（无效的）．The use of rock-Wool as a growth substrate（基质）has grown at a very fast rate during the last decade．

Natural Pollination

Bumble bees（大黄蜂）fly from flower to flower and carry pollen（花粉）．These black-yellow striped（有条纹的）insects with a white or off-white abdomen（腹部）tip and thick（厚的）hairy （多毛的）coat perform pollination（授粉）in an increasing number of glasshouses and orchards （果园）．Natural pollination has great advantages over mechanical（机械）pollination．It saves work and time and gives superior（优异的）results．Bumble bees visit 10-20 flowers a minute during a flight．Their size and build is ideally（理想的）adapted to give them excellent contact with the stigmas（柱头）and stamens（雄蕊）．As natural pollinators bumble bees are unrivalled（无以伦比的）．They are both effective and systematic．They show less sensitivity to unfavorable

climatic conditions(low temperature，low light intensity)than other bees．It is little wonder therefore that in the past few years，the use of bumble bees as natural pollinators of vegetables and fruit has boomed．The development of natural pollination ran parallel with（与...相比较）that of biological crop protection，for only in a clean，pesticide-free environment can sensitive bumble-bees thrive．

大黄蜂飞在花丛和携带花粉。这些黑黄条纹昆虫与白色或类白色腹部尖端和厚毛大衣完成授粉在越来越多的温室和果园。自然授粉具有很大的优势比起机械授粉.自然授粉省工作和时间，提供优异的业绩。大黄蜂飞行一次经过10-20朵在一分钟.他们的大小和体格是理想的调整给他们良好的接触与柱头和雄蕊。作为自然

授粉的大黄蜂是无以伦比的。他们都是有效的、系统的。他们表现不太敏感的不利气候条件（低温、低光照强度）比其他蜜蜂。也难怪,因此在过去的几年里,大黄蜂的使用自然授粉者的蔬菜和水果蓬勃发展。发展天然授粉平行运行，生物作物保护，只有在一个干净，无农药的环境敏感的大黄蜂茁壮成长

Soil Physical Properties（土壤的物理性质）

The soil is a three-phase system（三相系）, that consists of solid particles固相颗粒(the soil matrix 土壤基质) and voids（孔隙率）(the soil pores气孔), that may either be filled with water or with air. Hence（因此）,distinction（区别）is made between a solid, a liquid and a gaseous phase, respectively（分别地；各自地，独自地）.The distribution（分布）between the three phases depends on the composition of（组成的）the solid phase, particularly（特别地）on the particle size distribution（分布，分配）of the soil, which is denoted（表示）as the soil texture（土壤结构）.There are three particle size classes distinguished:<0.002,0.002-0.05and0.05-2mm, defined as clay（粘土）, silt, and sand, respectively（分别的）. The ratio（比率）between these fractions（分数；小部分，片段）classifies the texture（质地）of the soil of interest according to the texture triangle （土壤结构三角图）.

Soils with high clay content（粘土含量）(containing more than 40% particles <0.002mm diameter直径) are more difficult to handle, tend to hold excess（过剩的）water and drain（排水）slowly, and are therefore less suitable for greenhouse culture. On the other hand, sandy soils (containing more than 90% particles >2 mm) are less fertile, have a low water capacity（含水量）and need better fertilization（施肥）and frequent irrigation. The most important soil physical property is soil structure（土壤结构）,this being the nature and stability of the bonds between soil particles, causing aggregation（聚合）and large soil pores（气孔）. Good and stable soil structure is enhanced by organic matter（有机质）,which should be added to the soil if not present originally （最初）. Soil texture and structure determine the rate of water movement in the soil, the water holding capacity and the drainage.Soils which tend to drain slowly show aeration（通气）problems,since soil pores filled with water prevent（妨碍）oxygen diffusion（传播）and the uptake of oxygen by plant roots, necessary for respiration（呼吸作用）and ion uptake（摄取）. If a soil has

severe drainage problems, artificial drainage（人工排水）(requiring the installation of drainage pipes at a depth of 60-100 cm)is necessary．One should bear in mind，however，that artificial（人造的）drainage would remove excess water from the soil only when the water table is close to the soil surface，or when the pipes are installed in an impermeable（不渗透性的）soil horizon which causes a perched water table（滞水面）．

Liquid Soilless Culture

The nutrient—film technique(NFT)（营养液膜技术）is the most commonly used liquid system in soilless culture（无土栽培）．

NFT growing systems consist of a series of narrow channels through which nutrient solution （培养液）is re—circulated（反复循环）from supply tank（水槽）．A plumbing system（管道设备）of plastic tubing（塑料管）and a submersible pump（潜水泵）in the tank are the basic components（组件）．The channels are generally constructed of opaque plastic film（不透明塑料薄膜）or plastic pipe（管）；asphalt—coated wood（涂上一层沥青的木头）and fiberglass （玻璃纤维）also have been used．The basic characteristic of all NFT system is the shallow depth of solution（溶液深度浅）that is maintained in the channels．Flow （流量）is usually continuous，but sometimes systems are operated intermittently（间歇地）by supplying solution （补充溶液）a few minutes every hour．The purpose of intermittent flow is to assure adequate （充足的）aeration（通气）of the root system．This also reduces the energy required；but under rapid growth conditions．plants could experience water stress（水分胁迫）if the flow period is too short or infrequent．Therefore．intermittent flow management seems better adapted to mild（温和的）temperature periods or to plantings during the early stage of development．Capillary（毛细管）matting（席子）is sometimes used in the side-to-side meandering（蜿蜒）of the solution stream（溪流）around young root systems．But it also acts as a reservoir（水库）by retaining （保留）nutrients and water during periods when flow ceases（停止）．

NFT channels are frequently designed for a single row（单排）of plants with a channel width（水道宽度）of 6—8 inches．Wider channels of 12—15 inches have been used to accommodate （容纳）two rows of plants, but meandering of the shallow solution stream becomes a greater problem with greater width. To minimize this problem, small dams can be created at intervals（时时）down the channel by placing thin wooden sticks crossways（相反的）in the stream, or the channel may be lined with（林立着）capillary matting（具毛孔的垫子）. The channels should be sloped （倾斜）4-6 inches per 100 ft. to maintain gravity flow of the solution. Flow rate into the channels should be in the range of 1-2 qt/min. Channel length（通道长度）should be limited to a maximum of 100 ft. in order to minimize increased solution temperature on bright days. The ideal solution temperature for tomatoes is 68-77℉. Temperatures below 59℉or above 86℉decrease plant growth and tomato yield（产量）. Channels of black plastic film increase solution temperature on sunny days.During cloudy weather, it may be necessary to heat the solution to the recommended（推荐）temperature. Solution temperature in black plastic channels can be decreased by shading（遮蔽）or painting the surfaces white or silver.（银）