新视野第三版第一册答案
新视野第三版第一册答案【篇一：新视野大学英语1第三版读写教程答案1-
5.doc[1]】
section a
pre-reading activities
1
1b 2d 3c 4a 5e
3
1 in fact all the pieces of advice mentioned in the interview are very useful. but if i have t choose one as the most useful, i’d choose “keep a balance”. when we were in high school, we spent almost all our time studying. there lacked a balance between s ocial life and academic life in high school. it’s important to keep a balance between life and work because it will give us a sound mind in a sound body. now we have much more free time, so we can join student organizations or go to different activities.
2 before i left for college my parents did have a talk with me. they told me how important college experience would be in my life. they told me about the opportunities that college education would open up to me. they told me to try to develop more interests and join some student clubs. the most impressive advice they gave me was that i should not only read books about my major; instead, they advised me to read as widely as possible. all these are very valuable pieces of advice.
scripts:
sarah: hi i’m sarah. i’m a student advisor at a university. i know the first year of college is always difficult. you have to adapt to a new environment, and learn to do everything on your own. to help make your transition just a little easier, i’m going to interview som e senior students on campus let’s see what advice they can give you.
sarah: hi jennifer. what do you think is important to a freshman?
jennifer: i think it is very important to go to class regularly. it sounds easy, but oversleeping and missing that 8 o’clock morning class is very common. try to go to class on time and
regularly. you will learn the material in class, get to know the professors, and make friends with your classmates. you will also get important information from the professors about tests and exams.
sarah: mark, do you agree with jennifer?
mark: absolutely. my advice is: find a good place to study. it may be your dorm room or a corner of the library or a quiet classroom, but find a place that works best for you to get your work done. if you have trouble concentrating in your dorm, you need to find another place.
sarah: nancy, what is our advice for freshmen?
nancy: “all work and no play makes jack a dull boy.” my advice is to get involved on campus. a big problem for a lot of new students is that they miss home and they dont have a sense of belonging. the solution is to join a student organization, or a club, or a sports team. you will make new friends, learn new skills, and feel more connected to your school.
sarah: excellent advice, nancy. simon, it seems you have something to say.
simon: yes, i do. well, i want to say you should keep a balance. college life is a mixture of social life and academic life. don’t join too many student organizations or go to too many activities. otherwise, you won’t have enough time to study. of course, you should not become a book worm. the key is to keep a balance between fun and study.
sarah: they all give very useful tips. but let me add a few more. take responsibility for yourself and your actions; take advantage of the learning resources on campus; stay healthy and eat right. i hope you will get the most out of your college experience.
reading comprehension
understanding the text
1
1. the parents reminded their children to work hard and achieve the best they could.
2. the president calls on the students to make the most of the great resources on campus: to explore new subjects, to meet fascinating people, and to pursue new passions.
3. by saying “sample them widely”, the president mean students should try may different courses and try something new to see what it is like.
4. if we don’t challenge ourselves, we will not become broadly educated people, and we may not find the passion that will help us shape our future.
5. we can learn from the example of vera wang that we should challenge ourselves and by challenging ourselves, we are more likely to find an interest we don’t know we have, and this interest may help us build a prosperous future.
6. w should not worry, and we should learn to face this new part of our life with enthusiasm. college experiences, pleasant or unpleasant, will provide us with valuable lessons which will eich our life.
7. the expression now it is your turn” means that now it is time for you to acquire knowledge and to pass it on.
8. the president’s welcoming speech is really impressive. he mentions many important things about college life , the resources available on campus, as well as the opportunities we have and the responsibilities we should take. the speech is very inspiring.
critical thinking
1. a university education will play a very important role in my life, and it will benefit me in a
number of ways. in the university i can acquire specialized knowledge about my major, and develop critical thinking and research skills. i will have the opportunities to meet and share ideas with people of different minds. i can gain a broader view of the world by meeting people from diverse backgrounds and cultures. and i will start my life journey of self-discovery, self-improvement, and self-fulfillment.
2. yes, absolutely. with a university education, a person will have more freedom and therefore
more choices. this education experience provides unlimited potential. moreover, a university education provides the means for one to succeed. not only will a person obtain knowledge and skills essential for his career development, but he will also develop an independent mind and be able to make right decisions on his own.
3. i admire those who dropped out of university and yet have made fame for themselves by
achieving big goals. some people use those successful college dropouts as counterexamples to show their belief that a person can succeed even without a university education. chances are that most people do not have the same mind, talent, determination, or opportunities as bill gates, steve jobs, and mark zuckerberg did; therefore, they might not be able to achieve success without having a university education. in fact, a university education will equip them with the necessary knowledge and skills which will help them to succeed.
4. nowadays education is getting more and more expensive, especially college education. and
there are people who choose to give up education because of the high cost. but without education, one would not be able to acquire knowledge that an education will offer. in other words, they would be “ignorant”. the result would be that ignorant people will suffer even more or pay even more for being so. it is true that education is ex pensive, but if you try “ignorance”, the cost would be even higher
5. to sample widely and challenge my self, i am going to venture out of my comfort zone and do
what i have not had the courage to do. for instance, i will make friends with people from diverse backgrounds and cultures. i will take a swimming class and learn how to swim. i wil attend unconventional lectures, join student clubs, and try all kinds of food. most of all, i will do whatever it takes to make the most of the four years and try to become a well-rounded graduate.
language focus
words in use
3
1 confidence
2 explore
3 emerged
4 assume
5 pose
6 comprehensive
7 resources
8 yield
9 inherited 10 transmit
word building
4
words learned new words formed
-un
cover uncover
easyuneasy
loadunload
-ant
apply applicant
resist resistant
accountaccountant
-ify
simple amplify
note
quality
class
5
1. classified
2. assist
3. resistant
4. uncovered
5. uneasy
6. qualify
7. unloading
8. applicants
9. simplified
10. accountant
11. notified
banked cloze
6
1 d
2 h 3a 4b 5m
expressions in use
7
1. got by
2. make the most of
3. in advance
4. over time
5. reap the benefits of
6. all at once
7. remind… of
8. stand a chance of
9. open the door to
10. take pleasure in
6 f 7onotify qualify classify 8 i 9 g 10 j
translation汉译英
11.孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家学派（confucianism）的创始人，被尊称为古代的圣人（sage）。他的
言论和生平活动记录在《论语》（the analects）一书中。《论语》是中国古代文化的经典著作，对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家产生了很大影响。不研究《论语》，就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。孔子的很多思想，尤其是其教育思想，对中国社会产生了深远的影响。在21世纪的今天，孔子的学说不仅受到中国人的重视，而且也越来越受到整个国际社会的重视。
12.confucius was a great thinker and educator in chinese history. he was the founder of confucianism and was respectfully referred to as an ancient sage. his words and life story were recorded in the analects. an enduring classic of ancient chinese culture, the analects has had a great influence on the thinkers, writers, and statesmen that came after confucius. without studying this book, one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years traditional chinese culture. much of confucius thought, especially his thought on education, has had a profound influence on chinese society. in the 21st century, confucian thought not only retains the attention of the chinese, but it also wins an increasing attention from the international community.
section b
reading skills
1
1. a
2. a
3. c
4. b, c, e
reading comprehension
understanding the text
3.
1 the father is happy that his child is going to college and will have new exciting experiences. meantime, the father feels sad to see the child leave.
2. because it is in college that the child will find out what learning is about.
3. the statement “ed ucation is what remains after one has forgotten everything he learned in school” was made by einstein. it means that the details you have learned or the facts you have remembered are not important. what is really important is the fact that you have learned how to learn and
that you have developed a way of thinking and a sense of responsibility.
4. the father thinks his child should take courses that will stimulate his interest and improve his intellectual capacity.
5. what steve jobs meant was that in college, your passion will guide you to learn a lot of new and seemingly unconnected things; but later, those unconnected things will become connected
【篇二：新视野大学英语第三版课后答案】
ass=txt>unit 1
iii
1 beneath
2 disguised
3 whistles
4 restrain
5 grasp
6 longing
7 praying
8 faithful 9 pledge 10 drain
iv
1 tell ?on you
2 track down
3 work it out
4 picking on me
5 reckoned with
6 call on
7 on his own
8 get through
9 in disguise 10 revolves around
v
g o d i k l b f a n
vi
1 advise
2 level
3 problems
4 necessity
5 skills
6 experience
7 solution
8 value 9 tool 10 manner
vii
1 air-conditioned(装空调的；有冷气的)
2 handmade（手工制作的）
3 thunderstruck（非常吃惊的）
4 heartfelt（衷心的；诚挚的）
5 data-based（基于数据的）
6 self-employed（自主经营的）
7 custom-built（定制的；定做的）
8 weather-beaten（饱经风霜的） viii
1. well-informed（对??非常熟悉的） 2 new-found（新获得的）
3 hard-earned（辛苦挣得的）
4 soft-spoken（说话温柔的）
5 newly-married（新婚的）
6 widely-held（普遍认为的）
7 well-meant（出于好意的）
8 well-educated（受过良好教育的）
ix
1 no matter how different it may seem form any other substance
2 no matter what a woman tries to do to improve her situation
3 no matter what excuse he gives
4 no matter what anyone else may think
5 no matter how they rewrite history
x
1 just as we gained fame in victory, we lost nothing in defeat
2 just as the head teacher plays a significant role in the school, jane plays a significant role f leader in the classroom.
3 whoever was out there obviously couldn’t see him just as he couldn’t see them.
4 she has been searching all her life for the perfect chocolate just as i have been searching for the perfect beer.
5 you can make those kinds of comparisons just as you were doing the analyses a minute ago. xi
1. no matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared your speech, you will have difficulty making
a speech at such a noisy reception.
2. just as all his sister’s friends cared about him, jimmy cared about them.
3. car manufacturers stamp a vehicle identification number at several places on new cars to help track down stolen vehicles.
4. if you dare tell on me when the teacher gets back i won’t
say a word to you any more.
5. some elderly people prefer to live on their own while the great majority choose to live with
their children.
6. here is something that needs to be reckoned with: how to get the necessary finances to establish the company.
xii
1. 每当有人帮了你，无论事情大小，无论他地位高低，你都应该对他说声“谢谢”。
2．蒸汽机的发明使船舶发生了变化，正如其已经改变了陆地运输一样。
3．尽管经理努力帮忙，他还是不能找到问题的根源所在。
4．这个女孩的生活天天围着哥哥转，完全明白该做什么来使哥哥高兴。
5．如果你不知道自己想要什么，你最终得到的可能都是自己不想要对。
6．吉米有他妹妹帮助他度过那些没有父亲的艰难日子。
xiii
1 b
2 a
3 c
4 a
5 d
6 a
7 d
8 d
9 c 10 b 11 b 12 b 13 a 14 c 15 d 16 c 17 a 18 c 19 d 20 a
unit 2
iii
1 moderate
2 consume
3 advisable
4 modified
5 evidence
6 restricted
7 calculate
8 remedy 9 impact 10 sufficient
iv
1 bounce back
2 summed up
3 up to
4 at risk
5 went to zero
6 goes up
7 interfere with
8 derived from
9 in general 10 take in
v
g k o n j a c d f i
vi
1 cost
2 pollution
3 potential
4 quality
5 chance
6 crime
7 interest 8 efficiency 9 strength 10 creativity
vii
1 appearance
2 utterance
3 attendance
4 hindrance
5 maintenance
6 resistance
7 performance
8 existence 9. occurrence 10. acceptance
viii
1. world-famous 2 ice-cold 3 snow-white 4 waterproof 5 waist-deep 6 carefree
ix
1 mr. howe, my favorite professor, has received a distinguished teacher award.
2 yesterday i went fishing, something i hadn’t done in years.
3 some women are normally inactive but then all of a sudden start a program of intense exercise, an action that breaks the laws of sports science.
4 even a brief visit to greece, a modern country with ancient civilization, gives you a deep sense of its culture.
5 the ancient chinese, a people of inventors, discoverers, philosophers, soldiers, poets, craftsmen, gave the world many of its most useful things.
x
1 his homework done, his composition written, larry decided to go and see the film.
2 the manager sat quietly in the office, (his) eyes closed, waiting for the telephone to ring.
3 the room was a mess, empty bottles and beer cans (being) everywhere.
4 when i walked in, grandpa was sitting at the kitchen table, the newspaper spread before him.
5 diana stood motionless at the end of the diving board, tears streaming down her cheeks. xi
1. the defendant, a woman of only 30, kept insisting on her own innocence.
2. all tings considered, dates, beans and some leafy green vegetables are the best sources of iron.
3. no beverages are served with meals because they interfere with digestion.
4. taking the popularity of the region into consideration, it is advisable to book hotels in advance.
5. if you have a feeling of wanting to throw up after taking this drug, stop taking it immediately and consult your doctors as soon as possible.
6. summing up the discussion, he said both parties should consider the most effective way to solve the problem.
xii
1. 作为补救缺铁的一种方法，专家推荐食用肉、鸡和鱼，它们是最好的铁质来源，也是唯一最容易被身体吸收的铁质来源。
2．铁质储量为零时，你会觉得虚弱，疲乏无力，喘不过气，这是缺铁第三阶段的典型症状。
3. 耐力运动员，尤其是女性，经常会缺铁，如果增食肉类食物或服用铁质补剂，能够恢复到健康状态。
4．这位运动医学专家认为，感到劳累、工作效率差的人，最好食用牛肉、羊肉，它们含有最易被吸收的铁质。
5．铁质储量低的人应该去咨询医生，看看是否应通过调整饮食或服用铁质补剂来校正不足。
6．一般说来，如果你忽视自己摄入的铁质含量，不在铁质储备失去之前注意警告信号，你会有危险。
xiii
1 d
2 c
3 c
4 a
5 d
6 a
7 b
8 d
9 c 10 b 11 a 12 b 13 d 14 a 15 d 16 a 17 d 18 c 19 c 20 a
unit 3
iii
1 cultivate
2 comprehensive
3 controversial
4 suspend
5 insulted
6 preliminary
7 conventional 8 reform 9 worthwhile 10 publicity
iv
1. his girlfriend’s father saw him as a man who could not make
a living.
2. the course was canceled over the students’ protest.
3. the problem is so difficult that we cannot work it out without the help of our teacher.
4. children tend to do/try their utmost when they know their parents are making similar efforts.
5. the new teaching program didn’t work well in the school at the outset.
6. i was kind of excited when i received the letter that offered me an interview.
7. the school is scheduled to open on september 1.
8. they appeared to offer a free computer, complete with software and a printer.
9. in spite of hardships, they made real efforts that have resulted in more progress than expected.
10. many people make things more difficult for themselves because they still operate on the principle that you should not ask for help, or you might seem weak.
v
f m k d c
g l o i b
vi
1 cold
2 competition
3 debate
4 desire
5 fear
6 heat
7 interest
8 love 9 pleasure 10 enthusiasm
vii
1 historic
2 atomic
3 optimistic
4 energetic
5 economic
6 heroic
viii
1. responsibility
2. rapidity
3. mobility
4. curiosity
5. publicity
6. complexity
ix
1 in britain, as in america, there is a great demand for educational reform.
2. in greece, as in italy, people use a lot of olive oil in cooking.
3. as in the hyde school, values such as courage, integrity, leadership, curiosity and concern are the first, most important lesson in some public inner-city schools in maryland.
4. in china, as in japan, a large number of middle school students take supplementary classes in order to get into a famous university.
5. as in the middle of the 1950s, many young people went
down to the countryside in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
x
1 once you’ve practiced a bit, you’ll find that it’s quite easy.
2. once the meal was finished, the discussions began.
3. once you show any fear, he will attack you.
4. once parents make a commitment to the program, they will
be daily role models for their children.
5. once customers come to rely on these systems, they almost never take their business elsewhere. xi
1. in his thinking, as in his behavior, he is very traditional.
2. once the teachers agree to accept the new teaching program, they have to face the strain it puts on them.
3. in the long run, it is worthwhile to pursue one’s study after graduating from university instead of going to work directly.
4. as the school operates on the character first principle,
moral values and academic achievements are stressed equally.
5. it is said that the meeting, which is scheduled to be held
this month, will be put off till next month.
6. the school sees its job as preparing its students for life by cultivating a comprehensive set of principles that can benefit
all of them.
xii
1. 跟在法国一样，美国在20世纪60年代也发生过文化革命。
2．他一旦下定决心去干一件事，就根本拦不住他。
3．学校强调的观点是：家长和孩子一起参加学校的活动是值得的。 4．快下课时，老师让学生用最后的五分钟来展开激烈的讨论，依照1—10的评分标准相互评价他们当天的课堂表现。
5．为了避免引发针对他们的品格培养方案的争论，该校校长解释说，品格第一并不是要强迫学生接受某一套道德原则或宗教观念。
6．并非所有的家长都相信海德中学的办学原则，即如果你向学生传
授诸如求真、勇敢、正直领导能力、好奇心和关心他人等美德的话，学生的学习成绩就自然会提高。
xiii
1 b
2 d
3 a
4 b
5 d
6 b
7 a
8 d
9 c 10 b 11 b 12 a 13 c 14 c 15 a
16 b 17 c 18 a 19 d 20 b
unit 4
iii
1. inspected
2. assembled
3. exaggerated
4. versions
5. universal
6. approved
7. recruit
8. evolved
9. dedicated 10. solemn
iv
1. worked on
2. approve of
3. went ahead
4. for sale
5. come up with
6. refashioned into
7. rise to fame
8. captures my attention
9. evolved from
10. named after
v
c e f n o k a h l i
vi
1. respect
2. influence
3. credit
4. confidence
5. support
6. acceptance
7. fame
8. insight
9. recognition 10. experience vii
1. intelligence
2. consequence
3. significance
4. ignorance
5. indifference
6. competence
7. brilliance
8. magnificence
viii
1. coexists
2. co-director
3. cooperate
4. co-pilot
5. co-author ix
1. jimmy walked slowly to the corner of the playground, his face covered with tears.
2. the taxi sped away, its lights disappearing into the distance.
3. their stomachs crying for food, their back burning from too much sun, both boys gathered their things and headed for home.
4. barbara just lay there, her mouth trembling, her eyes unfocused, unable to say a word.
5. then the two players let him fall to the track, his chest landing first, his head following, bouncing, and finally lying still.
x
1 most snakes, although with a threatening appearance, aren’t really dangerous if you leave them alone.
2. women, even though with the same abilities, have failed to approach the income of men.
3. though with a severe lack of coal, the principle was not forced to close the school.
4. she is capable of making complete french meals even though with no cheese after salad.
5. when in doubt about the result of your test, call the test office.
xi
1. everything considered, this city is the world’s most exciting city.
2. though with no approval from his parents, he went ahead with his plan to study abroad.
3. the bridge was named after the hero who gave his life for the cause of people.
4. it is said that the painter used his mother as the model in the painting whose face represented suffering yet strength.
5. the writer instantly rose to fame in 1950 with the publication of a novel inspired by his experience with a girl on a farm.
【篇三：新视野第三版第一册课后翻译答案】
unit 1
原文：
socrates was a classical greek philosopher who is credited with laying the fundamentals (基础) of modern western philosophy. he is a mysterious figure known chiefly through the accounts of later classical writers, especially the writings of his most famous student plato.socrates has become well known for his contribution to the field of ethics. his method of teaching, known as the socratic method, by asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to explain ideas remains a commonly used tool in a wide range of discussions. he also made important and lasting contributions to the field of epistemology (认识论) and logic, and the influence of his ideas and approach remains a strong foundation for western philosophy that followed.socrates was the most colorful figure in the history of ancient philosophy. his fame was widespread in his own time, and his name soon became a household word although he constructed no
philosophical system, established no school, and founded no sect (宗派).
翻译：
苏格拉底是古希腊哲学家，被誉为现代西方哲学的奠基人。他是一
个谜一般的人物，人们主要通过后来的一些古典作家的叙述，尤其
是他最著名的学生柏拉图的作品去了解他。苏格拉底以他对伦理学
的贡献而闻名。他的教学法亦称为苏格拉底法，即通过提问和回答
来激发批判性思维以及阐述观点。该方法在各种讨论中仍被普遍使用。他还在认识论和逻辑领域做出了重大而深远的贡献。他的思想
和方法所带来的影响一直是后来的西方哲学的坚实基础。苏格拉底
是古代哲学史上最丰富多彩的人物。他在他那个时代已威名远扬。
虽然他未曾建立什么哲学体系，未曾设立什么学派，也未曾创立什
么宗派，但他的名字很快就变得家喻户晓了。
原文：
孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家学派（confucianism）的创始人，被尊称为古代的“圣人”（sage）。他的言论和生平活动记录在《论语》（the analects）一书中。《论语》是中国古代文化的经典著作，对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治
家产生了很大影响。不研究《论语》，就不能真正把握中国几千年
的传统文化。孔子的很多思想，尤其是其教育思想，对中国社会产
生了深远的影响。在21世纪的今天，孔子的学说不仅受到中国人的
重视，而且也越来越受到整个国际社会的重视。
翻译：
confucius was a great thinker and educator in chinese history. he was the founder of confucianism and was respectfully referred to as an ancient sage. his words and life story were recorded in the analects. an enduring classic of ancient
chinese culture, the analects has had a great influence on the thinkers, writers, and statesmen that came after confucius. without studying this book, one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years traditional chinese culture. much of confucius thought, especially his thought on education, has
had a profound influence on chinese society. in the 21st century, confucian thought not only retains the attention of the chinese, but it also wins an increasing attention from the international community.
unit 2
原文： christmas is a widely observed cultural holiday, celebrated on december 25 by millions of people around the world. it commemorates (纪念) the birth of jesus christ. the festival dated from as early as 336 ad. gradually it evolved into
a religious as well as secular (非宗教的) celebration, celebrated by an increasing number of non-christians. today christmas is observed as an important festival and public holiday around
the world. christmas customs differ in different countries. popular modern customs of the holiday include an exchange
of christmas cards and gifts, christmas singing, church attendance, the display of various christmas decorations and trees, family gatherings, and a special meal preparation. to
small children, the festival is full of fantasy and surprise.
legend (传说) has it that santa claus will enter each house through the chimney and bring gifts to well-behaved children
on christmas eve. because gift-giving and many other aspects
of the christmas festival heighten economic activity among
both christians and non-christians, the holiday has also become a significant event and a key sales period for businesses.
翻译：
圣诞节是一个被广泛庆祝的文化节日，全世界有许许多多的人在1 2月2 5日庆祝这一节日。它是为了纪念耶
稣基督的诞辰。该节日最早可追溯到公元3 3 6年。渐渐地，这一节
日演变为一个既是宗教又是非宗教的节日，越来越多的非基督徒也
庆祝圣诞节。如今，圣诞节在全球被作为一个重大的节日和公共假
日来庆祝。不同国家的圣诞节风俗也各不相同。现代流行的圣诞节
风俗包括交换圣诞贺卡和圣诞礼物、唱圣诞歌曲、参加教堂活动、
摆放各种圣诞装饰品和圣诞树、举行家庭聚会以及准备一顿特别的
大餐。对小孩子们来说，这个节日充满了幻想和惊喜。据传说，圣
诞老人会在圣诞夜从烟囱进入每户人家，给乖巧听话的孩子带来礼物。由于圣诞节送礼物以及许多其他方面推动了基督徒和非基督徒
的经济活动，圣诞节也因此成为商家的一个重大活动和主要销售季。原文：每年农历（chinese lunar calendar）八月十五是我国
的传统节日——中秋节（the mid-autumn festival）。这时是
一年秋季的中期，所以被称为中秋。中秋节的一项重要活动是赏月。夜晚，人们赏明月、吃月饼，共庆中秋佳节。中秋节也是家庭团圆
的时刻，远在他乡的游子，会借此寄托自己对故乡和亲人的思念之情。中秋节的习俗很多，都寄托着人们对美好生活的热爱和向往。
自2008年起，中秋节成为中国的法定节假日
翻译：
according to the chinese lunar calendar, august 15 of every year is a traditional chinese festival — the mid-autumn festival. this day is the middle of autumn, so it is called mid-autumn.
one of the important mid-autumn festival activities is to enjoy the moon. on that night, people gather together to celebrate
the mid-autumn festival, looking up at the bright moon and eating moon cakes. the festival is also a time for family reunion. people living far away from home will express their feelings of missing their hometowns and families at this festival. there are many customs to celebrate the festival, all expressing peoples love and hope for a happy life. since 2008, the mid-autumn festival has become an official national holiday in china.
unit 3
原文：
翻译：
伦敦地铁是英国的一个快速交通运输系统，服务于大伦敦的大部分
地区。地铁系统因其地铁隧道的典型形状也被称为地下管道。伦敦
地铁始建于19 世纪中期，是世界上最早的地下铁路系统。它的第一
段地铁于1863 年开始运营。自此，伦敦地铁不断延伸，发展成为一
个包括12条线路、275个车站、铁轨总长超过250 英里的地铁杰作，其中有45％在地下运行。就路线长度而言，它是世界上第四大地铁
系统，也是车站数量最多的地铁系统之一。作为一个走遍伦敦的经
济便捷的途径，伦敦地铁一向是每天数百万通勤者以及在节假日游
历伦敦的游客的首选。伦敦地铁已成为伦敦的一个国际标志。2013
年伦敦举办了各种各样的活动，庆祝地铁运营150 周年，纪念这一
里程碑。原文：
中国航天业开创于1956年。几十年来，中国航天事业创造了一个
又一个奇迹。1970年，中国成功发射了第一颗人造地球卫星，成为
世界上第五个独立自主研制和发射人造地球卫星的国家。1992年，
中国开始实施载人航天飞行工程（manned spaceflight program）。2003年，中国成功发射了神舟五号载人飞船，使中国成为第三个发
射载人飞船的国家。2007年发射了嫦娥一号，即第一颗绕月球飞行
（lunar-orbiting）的人造卫星。2013年，第五艘载人飞船神舟十号发射成功，为中国空间站的建设打下了基础。
翻译：
chinas space industry was launched in 1956. over the past decades, chinas space industry has created one miracle after another. in 1970 china launched its first man-made earth satellite, ranking china the fifth country in the world to independently develop and launch man-made earth satellites.
in 1992 china began to carry out the manned spaceflight program. in 2003 china launched shenzhou-5, a manned spaceship. the successful launch
made china the third country to launch manned spaceships. in 2007 change-1, the first lunar-orbiting man-made satellite, was sent to space. in 2013 shenzhou-10, the fifth manned spaceship, was launched successfully, laying the foundation
for building the chinese space station.
unit 4
原文： as one of the first europeans to travel across asia through china, marco polo is perhaps the most well-known foreign merchant and voyager to the chinese people. he traveled extensively (广泛地) with his family, journeying from europe to asia from 1271 to 1295. he remained in china for 17
of those years. his book the travels of marco polo depicts his journeys throughout asia, giving europeans their first comprehensive look into the far east, including china, india,
and japan. from his written accounts the westerners learned of porcelain, coal, gunpowder, printing, paper money, and silk for the first time. the wealth of new geographic information recorded by polo was widely used in the late 15th and the 16th centuries during the age of the european voyages of discovery and conquest (征服). in the centuries since his death, marco
polo has received the recognition that failed to come his way during his lifetime. marco polos story has inspired countless other adventurers to set off and see the world.
翻译：作为通过中国游历亚洲的首批欧洲人之一，马可?波罗可能
是中国人最熟知的外国商人和航海家。从1271 年到1295 年，他和
他的家人游历广泛，遍及欧洲和亚洲。期间，他在中国留居了17 年。他的著作《马可?波罗游记》描述了他游历亚洲的旅程，让欧洲人首
次全面领略了包括中国、印度和日本在内的远东地区的情况。从他
的文字叙述中，西方人第一次了解到瓷器、煤炭、火药、印刷术、
纸币以及丝绸。在15 世纪末和16 世纪欧洲发现与征服的大航海时代，马可?波罗所记录的大量新的地理信息得到了广泛使用。在他去世后的这几个世纪里，马可?波罗获得了他在有生之年未曾获得的赞誉。马可?波罗的故事鼓舞了其他无数的探险者去踏上征程，发现世界。
原文：郑和是中国历史上最著名的航海家（maritime explorer）。公元1405 年，明朝的统治者为了稳固边防（border defense）和开展海上贸易，派郑和下西洋（the western seas）。在此后的28 年里，郑和带领船队七下西洋，前后出海的人员有10 多万人，访问了30 多个国家和地区。船队纵横南亚、西亚，一直到非洲大陆。郑和下西洋是世界航海（navigation）史上的壮举，它展现了郑和卓越
的航海和组织才能，同时展现了明朝的国力和国威（national strength and prestige），加强了明朝和海外各国之间的关系。
翻译： zheng he was the most famous maritime explorer in chinese history. in 1405 ad, the ruler of the ming dynasty sent zheng he on a voyage to the western seas in order to strengthen border defense and develop trade by sea. in the following 28 years, zheng he led his fleet, made seven voyages to the western seas with over 100,000 crew members in total, and visited more than 30 countries and regions. the fleet traveled far into south asia and west asia, and made all the way to the continent of africa. zheng hes voyages to the western seas were a great feat in the worlds navigation history. it showed zheng hes outstanding navigation and organization talents; meanwhile, it exhibited the national strength and prestige of the ming dynasty, and strengthened the relationships between the ming dynasty and the overseas countries. unit 5
原文：
the first written records of the ancient olympic games date to 776 bc. the ancient olympics were held every four years between august 6 and september 19 during a religious festival honoring zeus (宙斯). the first modern olympics were held in athens, greece, in 1896. the olympic symbol consists of five interlaced rings of equal dimensions, representing the union of the five continents and the meeting of athletes from throughout the world at the olympic games. the olympics truly
took off as an international sporting event after 1924, when the 8th olympic games were held in paris. some 3,000 athletes
from 44 nations competed that year, and for the first time the games featured a closing ceremony. the winter olympics debuted (问世) that year, including such events as figure skating, ice hockey, bobsledding and the biathlon. eighty years later, when the 2004 summer olympics returned to athens for
the first time in more than a century, nearly 11,000 athletes
from 201 countries
competed, breaking the then record of participating countries.
翻译：有关古代奥林匹克运动会的最早文字记载可追溯至公元前
776年。古代奥运会每4年举办一次，在8月6日与9月19日之间
的一个纪念宙斯的宗教节日期间举行。第一届现代奥运会于1896年
在希腊雅典举办。奥运会的标志由五个大小相同的套环组成，代表
着五大洲的联合和来自世界各地运动员的大聚会。奥运会真正腾飞、成为一项国际体育盛会是在1924年之后，即第8届奥运会在巴黎举
办之后。这一年，来自44个国家约3,000名运动员同场竞技，并且
第一次在奥运会上增加了闭幕式这一仪式。同年，冬季奥运会首次
亮相，比赛项目包括花样滑冰、冰球、雪橇和冬季两项运动。80年后，2004年夏季奥运会在相隔一个多世纪后再次在雅典举办，来自201个国家的近11,000名运动员展开竞技，创下参赛国数量之最。
原文：
太极拳（tai chi）是一种武术（martial arts）项目，也是一种健身
运动，在中国有着悠久的历史。太极拳动作缓慢而柔和，适合任何
年龄、性别、体型的人练习。太极拳既可防身，又能强身健体，因
而深受中国人的喜爱。太极拳在发展的过程中，借鉴并吸收了中国
传统哲学、医术、武术的合理内容（element），成为特色鲜明的一
项运动。作为中国特有的一种运动形式，太极拳也越来越受到众多
外国朋友的喜爱。
翻译：
tai chi is a kind of martial arts, and a fitness exercise as well. it has a long history in china. with slow and gentle movements,
tai chi is suitable for people of any age, sex, or body type to practice. it can be used to provide self-defense as well as build the body. therefore, it has become very popular among
chinese people. during its development, tai chi borrowed and absorbed desirable elements from traditional chinese