形容词性从句定语从句
第二章定语从句（the attributive clause）
关系代、副词用法助记歌诀。
关系词，引定从，各自用法要分清。
That可作主、宾用，指人或物它都行；
Which用来指物用，主语、宾语它都行。
Who或whom 指人用，分作主、宾要分清。
Whose一词作定语，定人或物都管用。
As用作主或宾，修饰全局或部分。
Such,the same常连用，固定搭配要记清。
关系副词作状语，功能单一最好用。
指时间，选用when,指地点，where行，why指原因当选中。
关系词，容易用，从句之中定功能。
（注：who在定语从句中既可作主语，也可作宾语（尤其在口语中）。
学习定语从句，首先有必要弄清楚一下几个概念和术语：
1、什么事定语从句？在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词，作定语的从句叫做定语从句。通俗地讲，在句中作定语的句子就是定语从句。这个句子不能独立存在，它是用来修饰先行词的，因此，它作为修饰成分而存在。
由于定语从句起的是形容词作用，因此，这种从句也可以称为形容词性从句。
2、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句分别是什么意思？
英语中的定语从句共有两大类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
对先行词起修饰和限制作用的定语从句是限制性定语从句，它是先行词在意义上不可或缺的定语。如果去掉，主语的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主语之间的关系十分密切，在形式上不用逗号和主句隔开。
对先行词起补充或解释说明作用的定语从句是非限制定语从句，它只是先行词的附加成分。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整、清楚。这种从句和主句之间的关系不密切，在形式上常用逗号和主句隔开。
3、什么事先行词？
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，就叫先行词。定语从句是用来修饰先行词的，但不像汉语中的定语总是放在被修饰词之前，定语从句要放在先行词之后，作后置定语。
一个句子中如果出现了定语从句，肯定有先行词。没有哈姆雷特的《王子复仇记》是不存在的!有时候，定语从句没有紧紧跟在先行词之后，而是被其他成分与先行词隔开了，这是定语从句与先行词的分离现象。
4、关系代词、关系副词是什么意思？
定语从句需要有一个词引导，这个词可能是代词，也可能是副词。引导定语从句的代词或副词，就叫关系代词或副词。它是定语从句的标志词，位于先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用、替代先行词的作用，同时又在定语从句中作一种句子成分。
关系代词或副词可以统称为关系词，这样更容易记忆。
弄清关系代词或关系副词的用法是学习定语从句的关键，也是定语从句学习的核心内容。
第一部分课堂语法
第一招：学会关系代、副词的基本用法以及它们的用法比较。
1、关系代词（6个）
That“事物”或“人”，从句中作主语或宾语。
Which“事物”，从句中作主语或宾语。
Who“人”，从句中作主语或宾语。
Whom“人”，从句中作宾语。
Whose“人”或“事物”，从句中作定语。
As“事物”，从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
绝招出手：找准先行词，判定它是指“人”，还是指“事物”。把先行词放入其后的定语从句中，看一看它在从句中作什么句子成分。然后根据已经掌握的关系代词的用法选定。
2、关系副词（3个）
When “时间”，从句中作时间状语，先行词一般为时间的名词。
Where“地点”，从句中作地点状语，先行词一般为表示地点的名词。
Why“原因”，从句中作原因状语，先行词一般为表示原因的名词reason.
绝招出手（1）：找准先行词，判定它是表示“时间“、“地点”，还是表示“原因”。看看其后的定语从句中是否缺少时间、地点或原因状语。如果缺少此类状语，就根据关系副词的用法选择相应的关系副词引导该从句。如果不缺状语，就要考虑选择合适的关系代词引导该从句。
绝招出手（2）找准先行词，判定它是表示“时间”、“地点”、还是表示“原因”。把先行词放入其后的定语从句中，看一看它在从句中是否作时间、地点或原因状语。然后根据关系副词的用法选定。如果它们在从句中是作状语，就选择相应的关系副词引导该从句。如果它们在从句中不作状语，就要考虑选择合适的关系代词引导该从句。
3、关系代、副词用法比较。
That和which之异同。
Who和whom之异同
Who和that之异同。
Which和as之异同。
第二招：学会解决定语从句应该注意的特殊问题。
1、主谓一致
2、避免重复
3、限制性与非限制行定语从句的区别。
4、 That引导的同位语从句和定语从句的区别。
5、非限制性定语从句和并列句的区别。
6、 That或who用语强调句型和that或who引导主语从句的区别。
第一讲第一招之一：学会正确使用关系代词。
一、掌握关系代词的基本用法
引导定语从句的关系代词共有六个：that,which,who,whom,whose和as.
能够牢固掌握这六个关系代词的用法是正确使用关系代词的根本。即，这六个关系代词分别指代的是什么（人或事物）、在定语从句中作什么成分。
分为三组逐一突破。
第一组：that和which.
1、that指“事物”，有时也可指“人”，咋从句中作主语或宾语。
2、which指“事物”，在从句中作主语或宾语。
指点迷津：
1、这里的that或which所指的“事物”或“人”，实际上指代的就是先行词，即先行词是表示“事物”或“人”的名词或代词。
2、关系代词所指的“事物”或“人”可以这样理解：关系代词要么“指人”，幺么指“人以外的事情、事物、动物或其他”，总之是指“非人”。因此。我们可以说关系代词指“人”与“非人”两种，这样更容易判定关系代词的所指。
3、在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that或which可以省略。但是，作主语时，关系代词that或which不能省略。
精彩讲解：
（1）划出现行词：主句中的划线部分。
（2）找出定语从句：方括号内的内容。
（3）划出关系代词，说出它们的用法：定语从句中划线部分是引导该从句的关系代词。
That 和which 的用法。（1）I don’t like the white car (that/which is standing is front of our building now.
先行词the white car 指“物”，在定语从句中作主语，因此用that或which引导该从句。
我不喜欢现在停放在我们的楼前的那辆白汽车。
（2）this book is not the one(that/which) I lent you last week.
先行词the one指“物”（book）,在定语从句中作lent 的宾语，因此用that 或which 引导该从句，that或which也可以省略。
。这本书不是我上星期借给你的那本书。
（3）who is the man(that) you shook hands with just now?
先行词 the man 指“人”，在定语从句中作介词with的宾语，因此用that引导该从句，that也可以省略。
（4）a chemist’s shop is a shop which/that sells medi cine.
先行词a shop指“物”，在定语从句中作主语，因此用that或which引导该从句。
药店是卖药的商店。
(5)the film that/which I saw at dongfanghong cinema yesterday is titanic.
先行词the film指“物”，在定语从句中作saw的宾语，因此用that 或which引导该从句，that或which也可以省略。
我昨天在东方红剧院看的那部电影是《泰坦尼克》。
当堂小结。
共同指出：它们都可用来指“事务”，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可省略（在限制性定语从句中）。
不同之处：
That 可以“指人”，相当于who或whom,，which只能指“事务”。
第二组：who,whom或whose.
1、 who指“人”，在从句中作主语或宾语。
2、 whom，指“人”，在从句中作宾语。
3、 whose指“人”，也可指“事物”，在从句中作定语。
指点迷津：
1、这里的who、whom或whose所指的“人”或“事物”，实际上指代的就是先行词，即先行词时表示“人”或“事物”的名词或代词。
2、在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词who或whom可以省略。但是，作主语或定语时，关系代词who或whose不能省略。
Who,whom和whose.用法
精彩讲解：
（1）划出先行词：主句中的划线部分。
（2）找出定语从句：方括号里面的内容。
（3）划出关系代词：说出它们的用法：定语从句中划线部分是引导该从句的关系代词。
(1)the new teacher who teaches you English is Mr huang.
先行词the new teacher,指“人”，在定语从句中作主语，因此用who引导该从句。也可以用that引导该从句。
教你们英语的那位老师是黄老师。
(2)The teacher (who/whom) I met in the school this morning is our new English teacher.
先行词the teacher 指“人”，在定语从句中作met宾语，因此用who或whom引导该从句，who或whom也可以省略。也可以引导该从句。
今天上午我在学校遇见的那位老师是我们的英语老师。
(3)Wei fang is the girl whose Chinese is the best in our class.
先行词the girl指“人”，在定语从句中作chinese的定语，即the girl’s Chinese.因此用whose引导该从句。
魏芳是我们班上汉语最好的女孩。
当堂小结：
共同指出：
（1）它们都可以用来指“人”。
（2） Who和whom在定语从句中都可作宾语，还可以省略（在限制性定语从句中）。但是，用who的机会较多，whom主要用于书面语中。
（3）第一组中的关系代词that也可以指“人”，但是有who或whom 时，最好不用that,因为who或whom是专门用来指“人”的。
不同之处：
Whom在定语从句中只能作宾语。Whose指“人”或“事物”，在定语从句中只能作宾语。
第三组：as
As指“事物”，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
指点迷津：
1、这里的as所指的“事物”，实际上指代的就是先行词，即先行词是表示“事物”的名词或代词。不过，as所代替的先行词可能是一个词语，也可能是整个主句或主句的一部分。
2、as引导定语从句时，多和such或the same连用。更通俗地讲，如果先行词被such或the same修饰或先行词是such 或the same时，一般用as引导定语从句。
3、在限制性定语从句中，as引导的从句可以放在句首、句中或句尾。唯独as引导的定语从句可以放在句首，出现在先行词之前，其他定语从句全都放在先行词之后。
As 用法
1、划出先行词：主句中的划线部分。
2、找出定语从句：方括号里面的内容。这种从句有明显的标志，即as引导。
3、划出关系代词，说出它们的用法：定语从句中划线部分as是引导该从句的关系代词。
Let’s discuss only such questions (as concern every one of us).
先行词questions被such修饰，指“事物”，在定语从句中作主语，因此用as引导该从句。
咱们只讨论关系到我们每个人的问题吧。
(2)
There was a look of fear in her eyes,such as you had never seen before.先行词such 指前面提到的“a look of fear”,在定语从句中作had never seen的宾语，因此用as引导该从句。As,不能省略。
她的眼中有一种恐惧的表情，就是你以前从未见过的那种眼神。
（3）i have the same nodern flat as you (have).
先行词flat被the same 修饰，指“物“，在定语从句中作宾语，因此用as 引导该从句。As 不能省略。
我有和你一样的现代化公寓。
(4)i feel the same as you do.先行词the same指”事“，在定语从句中表语，因此用as引导该从句。
我和你感觉的一样。
(5)、david ,as you know ,has not been well recently.
David has not been well recently,，as you know.
As you know,david has not beeen well recently.
先行词是整个主句“david has not been well recently,指”事物“，在定语从句中作know宾语，因此用as引导该从句。这时，as引导的非限制性定语从句放在句首、句中或句末都可以。
戴卫，你们都知道，最近身体不好。
小结：
1、as引导限制性定语从句时，从表面特征上很容易识别出来。因为往往看到先行词是such或the same或先行词被such或the same修饰时，马上就会想起such(…)as 或the same as.
即，看到主句中有关键信息such,the same时，考虑选用as引导定语从句往往是正确的。
The same…..as和the same….that.之比较。
(1) the girl is wearing the same skirt as she wore yesterday.
（2）the girl is wearing the same skirt that she wore yesterday.
As表示“同样的”，用that表示“同一的”。这两句子句意不同。
（1）这个女孩穿着和昨天穿的一样的裙子。（两件相同的裙子）
（2）这个女孩穿着昨天穿的同一件裙子。（同一件裙子）
2、as 引导非限制定语从句时，它与其他关系代词的最大区别是：
As代替的先行词可以是整个主句或主句的一部分。它引导的定语从句可以放在句首。
3、as引导非限制性定语从句所构成的固定说法有以下几种：
As has been said before.如上所述
As is well known众所周知。
As we can see.如中所知。
As may be imagined.如大家所想。
As is announced in the papers.据报称。
As has been pointed out.如所指出的那样。
As anybody can see.如众所知。
As was expected.如所预料。
二、正确使用关系代词（六个关系代词混合放置）
（1）I don’t like the book whose cover is all black.
先行词the book 指“物”，在从句中作定语，因此用whose引导该从句。
(2)the boys that/whom/who I used to play with in my childhood have all grown up.
先行词the boys指“人”，在从句中作宾语，因此用whom/who/that引导该从句，关系代词也可以省略。
（3）did you recognize the man who/that brought you a present just now?
先行词the man指“人”，在从句中作主语，因此用who/that引导该从句。
（4）the earth is not flat,as is known to us all.先行词是整个主句，在从句中作主语，因此用as引导该从句。
（5）this is not the pen which/that I wrote the letter with just now.先行词the pen 指“物”，在从句中作宾语，因此用that/which引导该从句，关系代词也可以省略。
（6）don’t make the same mistake as yo u made in the last exam!
先行词mistake被the same 修饰，指“事物”，在从句中做宾语，因此用as引导该从句。
（7）the parents whose child was lost have been worried all the time.
先行词the parents指“人”，在从句中作定语，因此用whose引导该从句。
(8) the computer which/that loos very small is made up of thousans of small parts.
先行词the computer 指“物”，在从句中作主语，因此用which/that引导该从句。(9) the doctor whom/who/that I said hello to is going abroad for further study.
Whom/who/that.先行词the doctor指“人“，在从句中作宾语，因此用
whom/who/that引导该从句，关系代词也可以省略。
（10）the little bird that/which I bought in the market died this morning.
先行词the little bird指“动物“，在从句中作宾语，因此用that/which引导该从句，关系代词也可以省略。
指点迷津：找准先行词，判定它是指“人”还是指”事物“。把先行词放入其后的定语从句中，看它在从句中作什么句子成分。然后根据已经掌握的关系代词的用法选定。
必须把先行词放入定语从句中来分析它的作用：指什么，作什么成分。
如果跑开了定语从句去考虑关系代词的用法，肯定是选不对的，犹如“缘木求鱼”！。犯silly mistake.
关系代词运用。
可供选择的关系代词有：that、which、who、whom、whose、as
（1）I don’t like the book whose cover is all black.
先行词是the book，指的是“物”。放入定语从句中，从句变为“the book cover is all black”.。分析句子成分可以看出先行词在从句中作cover的定语，即the book’s cover.至此，我们得到的关键信息是：先行词指”物“，作定语。接着，我们根据关系代词的用法”whose 也可指“事物”，在从句中作定语。可知该题选用whose.
我不喜欢这本封面全是黑色的书。
（2）the boys whom/who/that I used to play with in my childhood have all grown up.
先行词是the boys,指的是“人”。放入定语从句中，从句变为“I used to play with the boys in my childhood”.分析句子成分可以看出先行词在从句中作play with 的宾语。至此，我们得到的关键信息是：先行词指”人“，作宾语。我们根据关系代词的用法whom指”人“，在从句中作宾语。可知选whom.我们还可以根据关系代词的用法”who指“人”：。
在从句中作主语或宾语。或“that有时也可指”人“。在从句中作主语或宾语。可知该题还可以选用who或that.也可以省略关系代词，因为它在定语从句中作宾语。
定语从句和名词性从句练习及答案(推荐文档)
you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom 11. Who can think of a situation A. which B. that C. where D. in that A. That; surprises B. What; surprising C. How; are surprised D. That; is surprised 13. The thought ____ Lao Gao would open a Sichuan restaurant in Los Angeles surprised his wife A. that B. what C. whether D. if 1. Is this the factory 2. Is this factory 3. Is this the factory he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 4. The wolves hid themselves in the places couldnt be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that 5. Here is so difficult a question A. that no one can answer B. which nobody can answer it C. as no one can answer it D. as nobody can answer 6. The reason is ___ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether 7. Antarctic __ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. A. which B. where C. that D. about which 8. May the fourth is the day _ we Chinese people will never forget. A. which B. when C. on which D. about which 9. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, __ live my grandparents and some relatives. A. which B. that C. who D. where 10. He has two sons, work as chemists. this idiom can be used? 12. people spend so much money on their pets us a lot.
定语从句与名词性从句的区别
名词性从句里面各个连接词的区分 陈述语气 That +陈述语气（肯定语气）： 空气污染对气候有很大影响是明摆的事实。 真可惜我们不能去游泳. 特殊疑问词+ever whoever, whatever, …… 无论谁触犯了法律都应该被惩罚。 疑问语气 Whether 和if 你是否接受她的邀请与我无关。 People are involving in a debate aboutwhether parent should parents make suggestions to teachers. 特殊疑问词 Who 谁泄漏了那个消息还不得而知。 where 我不知道要去哪里。 What 我也在质疑近来她都在做什么。 I am doubting what she is doing. It is your heart that makes you noble. What makes you noble is your heart. 我不知道要选择哪一个
How, 我不知道该怎么做 Why 1)为什么他走得那么匆忙是一个问题。 可以在后面加上疑问语气的同位从句的先行词有哪些？ Issue，problem，question，puzzle, debate，doubt 延伸：名词性从句省略主语的情况： I don’t know what to do. I don’t know what I can do. 条件是，从句里的主语和主句的主语是一样的。 非谓语动词作状语，当主干的主语与非谓语的主语一致，可以省略非谓语里面的主语，否则，应当在非谓语前面加上非谓语的主语。 Playing basketball，Mike is strong. Weather permitting, I will go out for a picnic. 时间状语从句：主干的主语与非谓语的主语一致 While eating an apple, I was playing football. 事实上是对While I was eating an apple, I was playing football. 的省略。 同位语重句
(完整版)定语从句与名词性从句专项练习题
从句 定语从句专项练习题 一、语法填空 I、用适当的关系词填空： 1、This is the professor taught me chemistry in 1980 . 2、The hospital was built five years ago has been modernized. 3、This is the boy father died three years ago. 4、The film we saw the day before yesterday is very interesting. 5、Do you know the student was praised at the meeting? 6、1949 is the year the People’s Republic of China was founded. 7、They work in a factory makes radio parts. 8、They work in a factory radio parts are made. 9、This is the vision phone through we can see and talk to our friends. 10、Here are players from Japan, some of are our old friends. 11、She lives in a small village, is only three miles from here. 12、She is going to spend the summer holidays in Shanghai, she has some friends. 13、We’ll put off the meeting till next week, we won’t be so busy. 14、The sun gives the earth light and heat, is very important to the living things.
定语从句和名词性从句中关系词的用法
定语从句和名词性从句中关系词的用法? 定语从句,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句分别用哪些关系词?如何用? 特别是that和what的区别 在英语教学中，关系词常常是学生容易混淆的问题。在某些情况下，学生常常不知道该使用那一个关系词,这个问题常是教学中的重点或难点。因此，本文就学生在学习关系词“that”、“which”、“whose”、“what” 时经常容易出现问题的几个难点部分进行分析，以便于教学中让学生注意区别它们的用法。 一．在定语从句中关系词用法的差异 1．关系代词“that” 与“which” 的区别 在限定性定语从句中，我们知道关系词指代人时，常用who、whom 、whose (或that)，指代物时常用whi ch 或that 。例如： 例1．Where is the girl who / that sells the tickets? （卖票的女孩子在哪？） 例2．I’ve lost bananas which / that I bought this morning. (我把今天早上买的香蕉丢了。） 在上述两个例子中who 和which都可以由that 替代。但是当先行词是all、little、few 或是由every(thin g)、any(thing)、no(thing)、none、much、only 修饰时，关系词要用that不能用which 。例如： 例3．Is this all that is left? （是不是就剩下这一个了？） 例4．Have you got anything that belongs to me? （你那有我什么东西吗？） 例5．The only thing that matters is to find our way home .（只有一件事最重要，那就是找到回家的路。） 除上述情况外，当先行词由序数词或最高级修饰时，关系词必须用that（见例6和例7）。 例6．The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan . (我们应该做的第一件事是定个计划/ 我们应该首先定个计划。) 例7．This is the best film (that) I’ve ever seen . （这是我看过的最好的影片。）此句中的that 在从句中做宾语，可以省略。 2．关系副词与关系代词的区别 在定语从句中，当先行词是人或物时，从句的引导词用关系代词；而当先行词是表示时间和地点时，常用关系副词引导。但有时常遇到先行词是表示时间或地点的名词，关系词却要用关系代词。请看例句： 例1．This is the place where we worked last year.（这是我去年工作过的地方。） 例2．This is the place which / that we visited last year.（这是我去年参观过的地方。） 上述两个句子的主句相同，先行词都是place ，但是它在两个从句中的功用不同。例1中的place 指的是从句中谓语动词发生动作的地点（… worked in the place），因此，关系词要用关系副词where (= in wh ich)。而例2中的place是从句谓语动词的宾语(…visited the place)，关系词指代的是动作的承受对象，所以要用关系代词which或that ，不能用关系副词where 。 例3．I still remember the day when Nanjing was liberated.（我一直记着南京解放的那一天。） 例4．I still remember the day which / that we spend together.（我一直记着我们共同度过的时光。） 例3中的day 在从句中做状语(表示…on the day) ，所以用when 。例4 中的day 是从句中spend 的宾语(…spend the day) ，所以要用which 或that 。 由此，我们可以看出：当先行词是表示时间或地点的名词时，用关系代词还是用关系副词引导定语从句，要根据先行词在句子中的功用。当先行词在从句中表示的是时间或地点（在从句中做状语）时，要用关系副词；当先行词在从句中做宾语（表示动作的承受者，有时先行词在从句中做主语）时，就要用关系代词。 3．在非限定性定语从句中指物时只能用which
名词性从句与定语从句区别练习
名词性从句专项练习Ⅱ 1. Police have found _________ appears to be the lost ancient statue. 2. _______ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. 3. Experts believe _______ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. 4. _________ struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love his son. 5. It’s good to know _______ the dogs will be well cared for while we away. 6. the only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _____ you are better than anyone else on the sports field. 7. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _____ close you may be to victory. 8. From space, the earth looks blue. This is about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. 9. _____ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it. 10. It remains to be seen _____ the newly formed committee’s policy be put into practice. 11. It is by no means clear ______ the president can do to end the strike. 12. The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but ____ he reached these limits will depend on his environment.
定语从句和名词性从句的区别和比较
定语从句和名词性从句 考点一关系代词引导的定语从句 1．whose是一个表示所属关系的词，在定语从句中作定语，of which可以代替whose指物，词序一般是名词＋of which或of which＋名词。of whom 可以代替whose指人，词序是名词＋of whom。 Many children，whose parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village. 父母亲在大城市里打工的许多孩子在村庄里被照顾的非常好。 The old temple whose roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair. 那座在暴风雨中屋顶受损的古庙现在正在维修中。 2．which，that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词用that；which代指前面整个句子内容。 They talked for about an hour of things and people that they remembered in the school.关于他们记得的上学时的人和事，他们讨论了一小时。 The Internet is a huge computer system which/that allows millions of people around the world to share information. 因特网是一个庞大的计算机系统，它使得世界上成千上万的人们共享信息成为可能。3．who，whom，that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people，many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city. 近千人在这一社区居住，他们当中很多都是从农村老家来城市寻求更好的日子的。 考点二介词提前了的定语从句 1．与定语从句中的动词构成搭配。 In the dark street，there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。 2．与定语从句所修饰的先行词构成搭配。 Patience，without which you can't do the work well，is a kind of quality. 耐心是一种品质。没有了耐心，你不能做好工作。 3．of＋which/whom表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose) Recently I bought an ancient vase，the price of which(＝whose price)was very reasonable. 最近我买了个古老的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。 考点三关系副词引导的定语从句 1．关系副词在定语从句中作状语，when指时间，where指地点，why指原因，在定语从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。 Occasions are quite rare when I have time to spend a day with my kids. 我有时间和孩子们一起度过一天的机会很少。 After graduation I'd like to find a job where I can use what I have learnt at school.毕业后我要找到一份能利用在学校所学知识的一份工作。 2．先行词是时间名词或地点名词时，如果在从句中不作状语，则不能用when或where引导定语从句，而要用which/that。 Is this the reason(that /which)he gave us for the delay of the project?
定语从句和名词性从句的区别和练习复习进程
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 e.g. She is the girl who talked to me yesterday. 名词性从句（Noun Clauses）---主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句在句中做主语、宾语、表语和同位语的成份。 e.g. I don’t know who she is. (宾语) This is why I came here.（表语） 区别： 第一，定语从句有先行词，且先行词可以放入后面的从句中使从句完整； 名词性从句中的主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句没有先行词，同位语从句有先行词但在从句中不做成分。 e.g. The news that they told me excited me. （the news可以放入从句中，使句子完整，即they told me the news） The news that our team won excited me. (the news无法放入从句中，所以是同位语从句） 第二，在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能 定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。 第三，最关键也是最重要的区别： 1.名词性从句和定语从句的最本质的不同点在于，前者在句子中做名词，而后者相当于形容词，修饰或限制名词或代词。名词性从句由that引导时，通常不充当从句的句子成分，故that 可省去。但定语从句由that引导时，如在从句中充当主语时，则that不能省去。 2.使用中最大的区别：定语从句由于在句子中只作定语，故去掉它，整个句子还完整，就像普通的句子去掉一个定语不影响原句的完整性一样。但名词性从句由于它们充当的是句子的骨干成分（主语，宾语或表语），故去掉它们，原句就不通了。如下面的A句，去掉了主语从句That he has become a rich man ，原句变成is known to all in our town。就失去了完整性。而B句，去掉定语从句部分that is on the desk后，原句变成The pen is mine还是通的。 A：That he has become a rich man is known to all in our town . B：The pen that is on the desk is mine .
英语名词性从句试题类型及其解题技巧
英语名词性从句试题类型及其解题技巧 一、初中英语名词性从句 1．________ manners are very important in every country is known to all，but the trouble is that different countries have different ideas about ________ good manners are. A. That; what B. That; that C. What; that D. What; what 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：众说周知，礼貌在每一个国家中都是非常重要的，但是麻烦是， 不同的国家对于什么是良好的礼貌有着不同的认识。逗号前有两个谓语动词，一个是 are，一个是is known，故是两句话，需填连词连接这两句话，根据句意可知，前面是主语 从句，故填that，此处的that，只起连接作用不作任何成分。about是介词，其后是个句子 故应填连词把这两句话连接起来，所缺词作are的表语，故填what。因此选A。 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及that引导的主语从句和what引导的宾语从句。 2．Some people believe _______ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. A. whatever B. whenever C. wherever D. no matter what 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：一些人认为之前发生的或现在正在发生的任何事情在将来都会重 复发生。Whatever has happened before or is happening now是一个主语从句，whatever既引导起这个主语从句，也在句中做主语。BC项都属于副词的性质，都不能做主语，通常只 能做状语；no matter what只能用来引导状语从句，故选A。 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及"特殊疑问词+ever"引导的主语从句。 3． is even more important is the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. A. When; that; when B. What; whether; as C. What; that; as D. lt; whether; as 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】这题考查从句的用法，第一空填what引导主语从句，在主语从句中what做主语，第二空填that引导表语从句，在表语从句中，as是引导时间状语从句，句 意是：甚至更重要的是：随着地球的冷却，水开始出现在表面。选C。 4．In the past decade, our education system too much on grades. However, grades have a direct connection with future success is still a question. A. focused; whether B. focused; if C. has focused; whether D. has focused; if 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】考查时态和主语从句。根据In the past decade,在最近的几十年里，可知
定语从句和名词性从句
定语从句 定语从句的分类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 一、关系代词that和which 1、中用that的情况 1）先行词是all,much ,little,the one,anything, something, nothing, everything, none等不定代词时 2）先行词被形容词最高级以及first,last ,any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰时。3）在there be句型中，只用that, 不用which.。 4）先行词既有人又有物时。 5）在“it is +名词+定语从句+定语从句”的强调结构中，后一定语从句要用that 如：it is only a man who is quite experienced that can fulfill this task. 2、只能用which的情况 1）如果关系代词紧跟在介词后，只能用which或whom，不能用that或who。 2）引导非限制性定语从句时 3）先行词是集体名词时，指整天，关系代词用which，指集体中的各个成员，则用who 3、关系代词和关系副词的省略 1)关系代词which，whom，who，that，在定语从句中作直接宾语时可以省略。 2）当that在从句中作补语时可以省略。 3）在there be结构中出现定语从句，或在定语从句中出现there be时，用做主语的冠词代词。 4）当先行词是reason，而且定语从句中作状语时，关系代词可用why或that，也可以省略。5）当先行词是way，且在定语从句中作方式状语时，关系代词可用in which或that，也可以省略。 6）注意：当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，不省略。 7）当先行词表示时间时，关系代词可用when或有时用that，有时也可以用省略。 8）先行词表示地点时，关系代词可用where或有事用that，有时也可以省略。 二、关系代词as 1、引导限定性定语从句 1）构成the same...as, such...as结构，as用于代替指人或物的先行词。 2）比较the same ...as 和the same...that This is the same book as I read last week 这和我上周读的那本书是一样的。 This is the same book that I read last week 这就是我上周读的那本书。 3）如果先行词表示抽象概念，则没有这种区别 She told me the same story as /that she had told you I had th same difficulty that /as you had lat year. 2、非限制性定语从句 关系代词as引导非限定性定语从句时，用于代替整个主句，意思是“正如”，as从句位置较之which引导的非限制性定语从句更加灵活，因而as从句可以指后面将要提到的内容。 3、有关as的常用词组 As is known to all 众所周知 As is often the case 情况常常如此 As the name indicate/suggests 顾名思义 As may be imagined 可以想象得出 As often happens 这种情况常常发生
(完整版)定语从句和名词性从句练习及答案
1. Is this the factory _____ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 2. Is this factory ____ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 3. Is this the factory _____ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 4. The wolves hid themselves in the places _____couldnt be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that 5. Here is so difficult a question ____. A. that no one can answer B. which nobody can answer it C. as no one can answer it D. as nobody can answer 6. The reason is ____he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether 7. Antarctic ____ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. A. which B. where C. that D. about which 8. May the fourth is the day ____ we Chinese people will never forget. A. which B. when C. on which D. about which 9. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, __ live my grandparents and some relatives. A. which B. that C. who D. where 10. He has two sons, __________ work as chemists. A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom 11. Who can think of a situation ____ this idiom can be used? A. which B. that C. where D. in that 12. ____ people spend so much money on their pets ____ us a lot. A. That; surprises B. What; surprising C. How; are surprised D. That; is surprised 13. The thought____ Lao Gao would open a Sichuan restaurant in Los Angeles surprised his wife A. that B. what C. whether D. if
名词性从句和定语从句的例句及练习
That you don’t like him has nothing to do with me. Whether John will do this experiment remains a question. Who will be sent abroad to further his studies is not announced. What surprised me most was that such a little girl could play the violin so well. Which school will win the prize is not known. Whose dictionary has not been found is still unknown. Whichever you take will be yours. Whoeve r wants this book may take it. Whatever was said here must be kept secret. When they will start hasn’t been decided yet. How he managed to finish the composition in such a short time is still a mystery. He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. I want to know what he has told you. She will give whoever needs help a warm support. The fact is that we have lost the game. That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. It looks as if it is going to rain. The question is whether we can rely on him. The news that we won the game is exciting. The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved Is he the man who/that wants to see you? He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green. A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born. I shall never forget the day when ( on which ) we first met. Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer? As we know, smoking is harmful to one\'s health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 1. some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. A. Whether B. What C. That D. / 2.John let out the news annoys all of us. A. Whether B. What C. That D. / 1.It is obvious to the students ______ they should get well prepared for their future. A. / B. which C. whether D. that 1..Having checked the doors were closed, and all the lights were off, the boy opened th e door to his bedroom.
定语从句和名词性从句经典对比练习
定语从句和名词性从句对比练习（经典） I.定语从句与其他相似易混结构比较 1.定语从句与并列结构 1) She won the first prize in the speech contest and______ surprised us. A. which B. it C. as D. who 2) She won the first prize in the speech contest, ______ surprised us. A. which B. whom C. them D. what 2.定语从句与结果状语从句 1) This is such an interesting book ______ all of us want to read. A. as B. which C. that D. what 2)This is such an interesting book ______ all of us want to read it .
A. as B. which C. that D. what 3.定语从句与地点状语从句 1) He advised me to live ________ the air is fresher. A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where 2) He advised me to live in the place ______ the air is fresher. A. in where B. in that C. where D. which 4.定语从句与主语从句 1) ______ is known to everyone that Taiwan is part of China. A. As B. Which C. It D. What
如何高效学习定语从句与名词性从句
如何高效学习定语从句与名词性从句 吉首州民族中学秦文鹏 摘要：定语从句与名词性从句是高中英语学习的重点和难点，也是湖南高考的热点。在具体的学习过程中，不少学生分辨不清，常常误用。本文主要从从句的基本概念和引导词的分类两个方面，探讨如何更有效的教会学生做这一类题目。 关键词：定语从句名词性从句引导词 一、从句的基本概念 1. 句子的基本概念 高中阶段，学生需要了解英语句子的核心是谓语动词。例如： ①He a student. ②He is a student. ③He is a student likes music. ④He is a student and likes music. ⑤He is a student ______ likes music. 在例①中，应为没有谓语动词，所以不构成句子。例②中有谓语动词“is”, 是一个句子。也就是说英语中一个谓语动词确定一个句子。例③中有两个谓语动词“is”和“like”, 而谓语动词之间没有连接词，不符合简单句的规则，故而是错误的。例④才是正确的。 因为一个谓语动词确定一个句子，有从句就有主句，所以能考虑从句的条件是至少要有两个谓语动词，且不能有“and”之类的连接词，如例⑤。在这里有一个最大的难点就是判断动词后面加“-ed”是做谓
语的一般过去式还是做非谓语的过去分词。例如： He gave me a book, ________ bought yesterday. 此句中，“gave”是谓语动词是毫无疑问的，关键是“bought”的判断。如果它是谓语动词，就可以考虑从句，如果是非谓语动词，就不能考虑从句。更大的困惑是“buy”的过去式和过去分词都是“bought”。区别的办法是，谓语动词的被动是“be +动词的过去分词”，而做非谓语的“-ed”是直接表被动的。在本句中，“bought”是直接表被动，因为书是被买的，所以不能考虑从句。 2. 从句的基本概念 了解为什么能考虑从句之后，学生需要明白的是，从句在什么位置。判断的原则是：所有的从句都需要引导词，也就是有引导词的地方才有从句。如： He is a student ______ likes music. 因为“he”前面不可能加引导词，所以从句肯定是“______ likes music”再比如：_______ he says is right. 从句肯定是“_______ he says”。3. 定语从句的基本概念 定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的形容词性从句。即从句前面有名词或代词是考虑定语从句的先决条件。如He is a student ______ likes music.可以考虑为定语从句，而_______ he says is right.不能考虑为定语从句。 同时，被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。如He is a student ______ likes music. 期中的“student”可以考虑为先行词。对于这一
高考英语定语从句和名词性从句讲解与综合训练
高考英语定语从句和名词性从句讲解与综合训练名词从句有四类：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。例如： 宾语从句：I don’t know where he will go. 主语从句：Where he will go is unknown. 表语从句：The problem is how we can get so much money. 同位语从句：We all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game. 下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的： 1． whether和if都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否”意，（即引导宾语从句时if和whether 可以互换）但以下几种名词从句要用whether（不用if）引导： （1）引导主语从句，且在句首时。例：Whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但 It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis). （2）引导表语从句时。例The problem is whether he can get a job. （3）引导同位语从句时。例：I have no idea whether he will come. （4）介词后的whether从句。例：I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 2．位于句首引导主语从句的that不可忘。 例如：That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us. 3．在“It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/…＋ that从句”结构中，that从句谓语有时用（should）do这样的虚拟语气形式。 例如：It is suggested that we(should) improve the relations between us. It is a pity that one(should) stay in one place all one s life. It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings（缺点）. 4．在“The reason why…is that…”句式中that不要误为because. 例如：The reason why he didn t go to school yesterday is that he was ill. 5．名词从句中that,what用法比较：