专题一冠词
专题四冠词
考纲要求
1.熟知冠词表示泛指和特指的基本用法。
2.掌握冠词的固定搭配以及冠词的一些特殊用法,并能在具体的语境中正确使用冠词。
命题趋势
高考对冠词的考查会成为语篇型语法填空和短文改错的重点。
1.对冠词的考查将集中在冠词的基本用法和习惯搭配上。
2.在语法填空中对冠词进行考查时,不给出提示词。
知识全通关
考点1不定冠词的用法
不定冠词有a和an两种形式,常位于名词或名词的修饰语前。当紧跟不定冠词的单词的第一个音素为辅音音素时,用a;而当紧跟不定冠词的单词的第一个音素为元音音素时,用an。注意:判断用a还是an的依据是紧跟不定冠词的词的第一个音素是不是元音音素,而不是该词的第一个字母是不是元音字母。
例 a university student一个大学生
例 a European writer一位欧洲作家
例an honest boy一个诚实的男孩
例an ugly man一个丑陋的人
例an 800-metre-long bridge一座800米长的桥
典例1From the aspects of culture and history, the Great Wall is _________ancient masterpiece that you can fully enjoy.
解析句意:从文化和历史的角度,长城是一个你可以充分欣赏的古代杰作。ancient的发音是以元音音素开头的,故其前应用an。
答案an
1.不定冠词的基本用法★★★
(1)表示数量"一"的概念,与one意思相近,但不如one语气强。
例I have a bike. It’s made in Shanghai.我有一辆自行车,它产于上海。
典例2I was invited to attend ________interview for a job as a hotel receptionist.
解析句意:我受邀参加了一个招聘宾馆接待员的面试。设空处位于发音以元音音素开头的名词前,故应用不定冠词an,表示"一个"。
答案an
(2)用在可数名词单数前,泛指一类人或事物。
例 A bird has wings. 鸟有翅膀。
例 A teacher shouldn’t talk like that.教师不应当那样讲话。
典例3One thing we can do to help solve this problem is to walk or use____bicycle when possible.
解析句意:为了帮助解决这个问题,我们能做的一件事情就是当有可能的时候步行或用自行车。故答案为不定冠词a,表示泛指。
答案a
(3)用来表示不确定的某一个,相当于a certain, some。
例 A Mr. Wang came to see you this morning.今天早上一位王先生来找过你。
(4)表示"每一",相当于per或each。
例The car can run 200 kilometres an hour.这种车每小时能行驶200公里。
(5)用于首次提到的对话一方不知道的人或物前。
例There is a park on the corner of the street.在这条街的拐角处有个公园。
(6)用在物质名词前,表示"一阵,一份,一场,一种"等。
例I’d like to have an ice cream.我想来一份冰激凌。
(7)knowledge,collection, understanding等名词后加of…时,其前常用不定冠词a/an。
例new book is a collection of short stories.她的新书是一部短篇小说集。
典例4Li Hua has_____good knowledge of English and this will be an advantage over others in finding_________proper job.
解析句意:李华精通英语,这将是他在找一份合适的工作方面优于别人的地方。have a good knowledge of表示"精通……,非常熟悉……"; a proper job表示"一份合适的工作",两个空均用不定冠词a。
答案a; a
2.不定冠词的习惯搭配★★★
as a result因此as a rule通常
as a whole总体上as a matter of fact事实上
at a loss不知所措in a hurry匆忙
in a word总之in a sense在某种意义上
in a way在某种程度上in a short while不久
keep an eye on照看,留意pay a visit to拜访
put an end to结束once in a while偶尔
once upon a time从前all of a sudden突然
典例5My son is in _____hurry to leave anyway.
解析句意:反正我儿子急着要离开。根据句意可知此处使用了in a hurry这个固定短语,表示"匆忙"。
3. 不定冠词的活用★★★
(1)不定冠词可以用于某些具体化的抽象名词前,可以具体化的抽象名词有shame, surprise, pleasure, honour, success, help, beauty, failure等。
例It’s a pleasure for me to work with you.和你一起工作我非常高兴。
例She was a famous beauty in her youth.她年轻时是个有名的美人。
(2)表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前一般加定冠词the,但如果名词前有修饰语,可用不定冠词。
例the world, a peaceful world; the moon, a bright moon。
(3)不定冠词用于序数词前表示"又一,再一",相当于another。
例Can you give me a second apple, please?请问你能再给我一个苹果吗?
答案a
(4)表示一日三餐的名词和专有名词前如果有形容词修饰,也可用不定冠词。
例I had a wonderful supper yesterday.昨天我吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。
例It is now a different China from what it was twenty years ago.现在的中国是一个与二十年前不同的国家了。
(5)"a most+形容词"表示"很……", most在此不表示最高级含义,为"很,非常"的意思,相当于very,而"the+most+多音节形容词"为多音节形容词的最高级形式,表示"最……"。
例This is a most interesting film.这是一部非常有趣的电影。
例This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最有趣的一部电影。
深化拓展
不定冠词的特殊位置
1.如果名词前用了many,such 等具有限定意义的词或表示感叹的what 等词,a(an)必须放在这些词后面,语序为:many/such/what a (an)…
例Many a worker in our factory knows English.我们工厂里有很多工人懂英语。
例I have never read such an interesting book.我从来没读过这么有趣的书。
例What a clever boy he is!他是个多么聪明的男孩啊!
2.副词quite和rather同形容词连用修饰名词时,quite要置于不定冠词a/an之前,rather可置于不定冠词a/an之前,也可置于其后。
例It’s quite a small house.这是一所相当小的房子。
例That’s rather a/a rather sudden change.那一变化相当突然。
3.当单数可数名词之前的形容词有so, too, as, how等副词修饰时,a(an) 必须放在形容词之后,词序为:so/too/as/how/…+形容词+a(an)…
例She is so good a girl that all the people like her. 她是如此好的女孩,以至于所有人都喜欢她。
考点2定冠词的用法
1.定冠词的基本用法★★★
(1)表示"特指"。上文已经提到的人或物,再次提到时在其前加the。也可指上文未提到但从语境中可判断出谈话双方都知道的人或物。
例He bought a house.I’ve been to the house.他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。
(2)用在可数名词单数前表示一类人或事物。
例The rose is my favourite flower.玫瑰花是我最喜爱的花。
(3)用在被短语或从句修饰的名词前表示特指。
例The young man is the student who I taught 10 years ago.这个年轻人是我十年前教过的学生。
(4)指世界上独一无二的事物。
例The earth goes around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。
(5)用在序数词、形容词/副词最高级以及形容词only,very,same等前面。
例Is this the first time you have visited Beijing?这是你第一次游览北京吗?
例He is the tallest in his class.他是他班最高的。
例That’s the very thing I’ve been looking for.那正是我一直在寻找的东西。
典例6Now, years later, this river is one of_____ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.
解析后面有形容词的最高级,因此该空填定冠词the。
答案the
典例7There’s no such thing as living alone. Never mind if you’re_______only person in your house and have no dog, no cat, not even fish.
解析本空后面有"only+单数名词",因此用定冠词the。
答案the
(6)用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人或夫妻俩。
例The Greens are on holiday now.格林一家/夫妇现在正在度假。
(7)用于某些表示方向、方位、时间、方式等的固定短语中。
例in the east/south/west/north在东/南/西/北方
例on the right/left在右/左边
例in the morning/afternoon在早上/下午
(8)表示西洋乐器的名词前常加定冠词,但是当此类名词表示泛指时,可以与不定冠词连用。例She is learning to play the piano.她在学弹钢琴。
例She is playing a borrowed violin.她正在拉一把借来的小提琴。
(9)用在表示江河、湖泊、海洋、山脉、岛屿、海湾、海峡、报纸、书籍、杂志、会议、条约等的专有名词前或者某些由普通名词构成的专有名词前。
the Pacific(Ocean)太平洋
the Persian Gulf 波斯湾
the Yellow River黄河
the Taiwan Strait台湾海峡
the Red Sea红海
the Himalayas喜马拉雅山脉
the Rhine莱茵河
the Sahara (Desert)撒哈拉沙漠
典例8Today, the Long March for us is to achieve the "Two Centenary Goals" as well as _______Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation(复兴).
解析Chinese Dream为普通名词构成的专有名词,因此其前用定冠词。
答案the
2.定冠词的习惯搭配★★★
make the most/best of充分利用in the end最后
by the way顺便说一下in the distance在远处
in the way挡道on the whole总的来说
at the same time同时on the other hand另一方面
to tell(you) the truth说实话for the time being 暂时
on the spot在现场not in the least一点也不
the other day前几天take the place of代替
典例9The unsuccessful person, on______other hand, works little and just waits to see opportunities pass by.
解析根据句意可知,此处使用了on the other hand的固定搭配,表示"另一方面",故填the。答案the
3. 定冠词的特殊用法★★★
(1)用于表示世纪、年代、朝代的名词以及逢十的词前(指某个年代)。
例in the 1990’s在20世纪90年代;the Qing Dynasty清朝。
(2)在"动词(take/catch/pat/hit/…)+sb.+介词(by/in/on)+the+名词(身体某一部位)"结构中,名词前要用定冠词the,而不用物主代词。
例He hit me on the head.他击中了我的头。
(3)用在表示度量单位的名词前,如by the hour/day/week/month/year/dozen/
yard/ton/kilo,但是size/weight/time这类名词跟by连用时不加冠词。
例I hired the car by the hour.我按小时租了这辆车。
例Apples are sold by weight and coal is sold by the ton.苹果按重量出售,煤炭按吨出售。(4)用于句型"the+比较级…,the+比较级…"中,该句型表示"越……越……"。
例The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you’ll make.你越仔细,出的错就越少。
考点3零冠词的用法
1.零冠词的基本用法★★★
(1)(第一次使用的)不可数名词前通常不用冠词。
例Man needs air and water.人类需要空气和水。
(2)复数名词泛指一类人或事物时,其前不用冠词。
例On weekends,shopping malls are always crowded with people.周末,商场里总是挤满了人。
(3)表示街道、广场、杂志、公园和大学等的一些名词前,一般不用冠词。
例Chang’an Street长安街,Tian’anmen Square天安门广场,Times Square 时代广场, Time 《时代周刊》,Beihai Park北海公园,Tsinghua University清华大学
(4)表示学科名称、球类运动、棋类游戏等的名词前不用冠词。
例I am very interested in English.我对英语很感兴趣。
例He is fond of playing chess.他喜欢下棋。
(5)表示一日三餐等的名词前一般不用冠词。但若指具体的某顿饭或三餐前有形容词修饰要用冠词。
例have breakfast/lunch/supper吃早饭/午饭/晚饭
例have a wonderful supper吃一顿丰盛的晚餐
例The breakfast was well cooked.这顿早饭做得不错。
(6)表示季节、月份、星期、节假日等的名词前往往不用冠词。
例We like going swimming on Sundays.我们喜欢周日去游泳。
(7)名词前已有指示代词、物主代词或不定代词时不用冠词。
例My pen is much more expensive than yours.我的钢笔比你的昂贵多了。
(8)表示独一无二的职位、头衔的名词前用零冠词。
例Mr. Brown, head of the group, will plan for the whole trip.小组的组长布朗先生将会制订整个旅行的计划。
2.零冠词的习惯搭配★★★
at present 目前take part in 参加in peace 平
by chance/accident 偶然on purpose 故意lose heart 灰心
on second thought(s) 再一想by law 根据法律
ahead of time 提前in advance 事先
by mistake 错误地under repair 处于维修中
day and night 夜以继日from morning till night 从早到晚
out of control失控out of work 失业
in danger 处于危险之中at risk 有危险
at daybreak/dawn/noon/dusk/night/midnight 在拂晓/黎明/正午/黄昏/夜晚/
3. 零冠词的特殊用法★★☆
(1)turn/become(变成)后的单数名词作表语不用冠词。但名词前若有形容词修饰,则必须加冠词。
例His brother has turned writer.他弟弟已成为作家。
例Later she turned a successful singer.后来她成了一名成功的歌手。
(2)在"表示类型的名词+of…"这一结构中of后的可数名词单数前不用冠词。
例This kind of question often appears in the exam.此类问题在考试中经常出现。(3)"零冠词+可数名词单数+as/though+主语+谓语+主句"意为"尽管/虽然……但是……"。
例Hero as he is, he has some shortcomings.尽管他是个英雄,但是他也有一些缺点。
(4)用在独立主格结构中的某一形式中。
The teacher came in, book in hand (=with a book in his hand).老师手里拿着一本书进来了。(5)与by 连用的表示交通工具和通讯工具的名词之前不用冠词。
It’s quicker by air than by sea.乘飞机比乘船快。
I sent the letter by airmail.我将那封信空邮寄出了。
冠词练习
1.Instead, she is earning ￡6,500 a day as model in New York.
2.For Pahlsson, its return was wonder.
3.prize for the winner of the competition is two-week holiday in Paris.
4. I just heard bank where Dora works was robbed by gunman wearing a mask.
5.They chose Tom to be captain of the team because they knew he was
smart leader.
6.I can’t tell you way to the Wilsons’because we don’t have Wilson here in the village.
7.She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on top floor.
8.It was cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across
night sky.
9.The parents were shocked by news that their son needed operation on his knee.
10.The "Chinese Dream" is dream to improve people’s well-being and
dream of harmony, peace and development.
11.Marco Polo is said to have sailed on Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in thirteenth century.
12.I still remember how hard first day was.
13.Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside.
答案
1.a该空后的model是可数名词单数,且以辅音音素开头。此处表示"作为一名模特",故填a。
2.a该空后的wonder在此作可数名词,意为"奇迹"。此处表示"一个奇迹",所以需要用不定冠词a表泛指。
3.The;a句意:这次比赛获胜者的奖励是一次为期两周的巴黎之行。第一空根据for the winner of the competition可知,此处的prize是特指的概念,故用The;而第二空则是表示"一次,一"的泛指概念,故填不定冠词a。
4.the; a句意:我刚听说Dora工作的银行被一个戴着面罩的持枪歹徒抢了。第一空,句中where引导的定语从句修饰bank, 由此可知这里特指Dora工作的银行,故用定冠词;第二空,泛指"一个持枪歹徒", 因此用不定冠词a。
5.the;a句意:他们选Tom为本队的队长,因为他们知道他是一位聪明的领导者。第一空为特指,表示"本队的队长";第二空则表示"一位"聪明的领导者,表泛指。
6.the; a第一空应该用定冠词,the way to可以视为一个固定搭配,意为"去……的路";第二空前加不定冠词a,人名前加不定冠词表示"一个叫……的人"。
7.the top表示"顶端,顶部", top floor前应用定冠词the。
8.a;the根据句意可知,第一空应用不定冠词a,泛指"一个寒冷的冬夜";第二空用定冠词the,特指"那天晚上的天空"。
9.the;an"news"特指他们的儿子需要在膝盖上做手术的消息,故第一空应用定冠词the; operation是可数名词单数,且以元音音素开头。此处表示"一个手术",故第二空应用不定冠词an。
10.a;a句意:"中国梦"是一个改善民生的梦想,一个(追求)和谐、和平与发展的梦想。题干中的两个空都表示泛指,故均用不定冠词a。
11.the;the第一空,Pacific Ocean是一个专有名词,其前要用定冠词;第二空表示"在十三世纪",序数词前面要用定冠词。
12.在first day前加the或my由序数词first可知,其前应加定冠词the。也可以用形容词性物主代词my修饰first day。
13.在countryside前加the in the countryside "在农村",应在countryside前加上冠词the。
高考专题一名词和冠词含参考答案 (1)
考点一：名词和名词辨析 1. While she was in Paris, she developed a __________ for fine art. A. way B. relation C. taste D. habit 2.As the world’s population continues to grow, the ______ of food becomes more and more of a concern. 3. A.worth B.supply C.package D. list 4.With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a _______ for the better. 5. A.share B.chance C. turn D. lead 6.Poetry written from the _________ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging. 7. A.perspective B.priority C.participation D. privilege 8.Carbon dioxide, which makes a __________ between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer. 9. A.difference https://www.360docs.net/doc/4c5703362.html,parison C.connection D. barrier 10.Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with _______ . 11. A.curiosity B.satisfaction C. envy D. patience 12.The accident caused some ________ to my car, but it’s nothing serious. 13. A.harm B.injury C. ruin D. damage 14.Your __________ as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflection on how you learn. 15. A.operation B.growth C. performance D. character 16.My first _______ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man. 17. A.expression B.attention C.satisfaction D. impression 18.You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future ________ . 19. A.purpose B.reference C.progress D. memory 20.It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any ____ . 21. A. symptom B. similarity C. sample D. shadow 22.You are working too hard. You’d better keep a _________ between work and relaxation. 23. A.promise B.lead C.balance D.diary 24.Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _________ . 25. A. consequence B.independence https://www.360docs.net/doc/4c5703362.html,petence D. intelligence 26.Anyway, I can’t cheat him---it’s against all my ________ . 27. A. emotions B.principles C.regulations D. opinions 28.There’s a _______ in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share. 29. A.tradition B.balance C.concern D. relationship 30.I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond _________ . 31. A.hearing B. strength C.recognition D. measure 32.This restaurant has become popular for its wide _______ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets. 33. A. division B.area C.range D. circle
(完整版)英语语法专题一冠词
英语语法专题一冠词 英语的冠词有三个(a, an, the),a和an是不定冠词；the是定冠词。 （一）不定冠词 一、知识测练 填上恰当的不定冠词。 1.She thinks that English is _______ useful subject and she spends more than _______ hour speaking it every day. 2.I bought _______ new handbag. There was _______ "s" on the corner. 3.There is _______ orange and _______ banana on your desk. They are for you. 4.Is Germany _______ European country or _______ Asian country? 5.They have made quite _______ few friends since they lived in this place. 二、知识归纳 不定冠词a和an的基本用法： 不定冠词a和an都是修饰_________（可数、不可数）名词的单数，表示“一个”的惑思，一般指人或物中的某一个或某一类。 (1)a用在_________（辅音、元音）开头的单词前（注意：辅音不是辅音字母）。 如：a man, a beautiful flower, a heavy bag, a university, a European country (2)an用在_________（元音、辅音）开头的单词前（注意：元音不是元音字母）。 如：an orange, an hour, an honest boy, an unhappy girl, an Asian country, an unusual tree 三、知识过关 单项选择 1.That's not _______ apple. It's _______ pear. A. a, a B. the, a C. an, a D. a, the 2.Walk down the road for half _______ hour, you'll see _______ university in front of you. A. a, a B. an, an C. an, a D. a, an 3._______ tiger is stronger than _______ sheep. A. A, an B. An. A C. The, / D. A, a 4.There's _______ "s" and _______ "u" in the word "use". A. the, the B. an, a C. an, an D. a, an 5.China is _______ Asian country, but England is _______ European country. A. an, an B. an, a C. a, an D. a, a 6.Is this _______ useful book? —Yes. And it's also _______ interesting book.
高考英语备考易错点睛系列 专题01 名词与冠词(教师)
2012高考英语备考易错点睛系列 专题01 名词与冠词（教师版） 考前必读 名词在历年高考中一直是考察的重点项目之一，每年全国约有一半的高考试题涉及名词。命题者主要从名词的词义入手，考察近义名词的辨析、形近名词的辨析以及名词的固定搭配等方便，同时，题干也从呼应、对比等方面提供足够的信息，考察学生根据语境理解和辨析名词的能力。2012年高考英语试题对名词的考察也会涉及这些方面。 易错点睛 易错点1 忽视抽象名词具体化的用法 【易错题l】—How about ______ Christmas evening party? —I should say it was ______ success. A. a; a B. The; a C. a;不 填 D. the; 不填 【答案】B 【错因透视】抽象名词具体化往往表示具有某种特性、情感、情绪的人或物，这时要在该名词前加不定冠词，如：in surprise惊奇地，a surprise一件惊奇的事情；with pleasure 愉快地，a pleasure一件愉快的事情；worry about担忧，a worry一件令人担忧的事情；must一定，a must一件必须做的事情；youth青春，a youth一个年轻人；beauty美丽，a beauty一个美人；wonder惊奇，a wonder一件令人惊奇的事情；danger危险，a danger 危险人／物；trade贸易，a trade一桩生意／买卖；have pity on sb．可怜某人，What apity!多么遗憾!
易错点2没有结合语境和词义对名词进行正确辨析 【易错题l】From their _______ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city. A. stage B. position C. condition D. situation 【答案】B 【错因透视】名词的辨析题是高考的重点，主要考查名词在特定语境下的应用，所以必 须先弄清题中每个名词的意义及用法，然后根据语境选择符合句意的名词。因为英汉两种语 言的差异性，同样一个汉语词汇，翻译成英语时，可能有很多对应的英语单词，但是每一个 英语单词所表达的含义和运用的语境不尽相同，其中存在着一些细微的差别，不经过大量的 阅读积累，，一般考生是很难把它们分辨开来的。考生在选择时，往往依据字面意思，根据 汉语的思维习惯，没有考虑到英美人的习惯表达，而做出错误的选择。因此，要想突破名词 辨析这一难关，必须展开广泛阅读，培养语感，进一步熟悉常用名词的惯用场合。 易错点3 混淆特指的定冠词和泛指的不定冠词 【易错题1】This area experienced heaviest rainfall in month of May. A 不填; a B a ; the C the ; the D the ; a 【答案】C 【错因透视】形容词的最高级前面通常要加定冠词the；当表示月份的名词后面接of 短语加以限定的时候，其前面要加定冠词the。另外，比较级前一般不加定冠词the，但是 “the+比较级，the+比较级”是一个固定句式，表示“越……，就越……”，前一句类似于
语法专题 冠词
语法专题冠词 冠词包括不定冠词a/an，定冠词the和不用冠词的情况(也可称为零冠词)。a/an的基本含义为“一个”，表泛指，the的基本含义是“这个、那个”，表特指。通常第一次出现的可数名词前用a/an 修饰，重复出现时用the修饰。冠词离不开名词，掌握冠词首先要弄清名词的性质，即可数还是不可数。如果一个单数可数名词前没有限定词修饰，则前面一定要用冠词。 考点一、考查不定冠词a / an表示个别或泛指的用法。 不定冠词有a和an 两种形式。a用在以辅音音素开头的名词前，an用在以元音音素开头的词前。(__ university, _____ useful animal,____one-eyed dog,____ European car,_____ hour,_____ honest by,_____ X-ray,____ ugly man,____ honor) 1.泛指某人/物。这个用法是不定冠词考查的重点。 1.Donald Trump,______ 71 -year-old businessman, was chosen President of the US last year. 2. I went to a supermarket to buy _______ birthday gift for my aunt yesterday. 3. I want to be______ engineer when I grow up. 4. Mary is ______ eight-year-old girl with long curly hair. 2. 指同类人或物中的任何一个，相当于any。 1. Even _______ child can answer this question. 2. ______ teacher is supposed to love his students. 3. It is generally accepted that ____ boy must learn to stand up and fight like ______ man. 3. 表示“每一”，相当于every/per。 1. English people have four meals ______ day, and they usually have breakfast at 7:00. 2. I earn 10 dollars 4. 表示“一个”，相当于one。 1. —What do you usually have for breakfast? —Some bread, ________ egg and a glass of milk. 2. My sister sometimes has only ______ apple for dinner because she wants to be thin. 3. He often watches news on TV for nearly _________hour after dinner. 5. 用于专有名词前表示“某一个……”，相当于a certain；或属于某人的物品。 1. ______ Mr Li called you just now. 2. Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be ______ Picasso. 6. 用于序数词前表示“再一，又一”。 1. —Don’t give up! Perhaps the hard task needs more of your effort. —I won't. I'll have ______ second try any way. 2. He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get _______ second chance in the long jump. 3. He tried _______ second time only to fail again. 7. 用于动词转化的名词前，表示一次动作。 1. Let’s go ove r and have _______ look. 2. Kate can’t come now. She is taking _______ rest in her room. 8. 用于一些固定搭配或固定短语中。这一点也是冠词常考的方面，考生应加强记忆。 _________________________具备....的知识____________________________了解/懂得 _________________________立刻/马上____________________________有...人口 ______________有...的历史____________....的浪费___________________的问题 考点二、考查定冠词the特指某一个人或事物的用法。 1. 特指上文提到的或谈话双方都知道的人或事。 1. I bought a useful dictionary yesterday. ______ dictionary is very cheap. 2. I ordered a hamburger and salad._________hamburger was nice but the salad was not delicious. 2. 用于形容词，副词最高级或序数词前或用于形容词比较级前表示两者中“更……的一个”；用于形容词或副词比较级前表示“越……越……”。only,main,very,same等修饰名词时，前面也要用定冠词。 1. Dangal (《摔跤吧！爸爸》), ______ Indian film, has become one of ______ most popular films in China. 2. This is _______ tallest building I have ever seen, and have you ever seen a taller building? 3. The stronger the motivation is, _______ more quickly a person will learn a foreign language. 4.It is _______most useful dictionary. 注意:He came first in the race. 3. 用于世界上独一无二的事物前，但该名词前有形容词修饰时，可以与不定冠词连用。 1. On Mid-Autumn Day, people eat moon cakes and watch _______ moon. 2. The distance of _______ sun from _______ earth is 150,500,500 kilometers. 3. The Internet is the biggest source of information in _______ world. _____ bright moon/ _____ new world 4. 用于乐器名词前。 5. 用于普通名词构成的国家，组织机构，建筑物，报纸杂志等专有名词前。 1. As is known to all, ___ People’s Republic of China is the biggest developing country in__world. 2.We are said to be living in ___ Information Age, ____ time of new discoveries and great changes. 6. 用于某些形容词或分词前，表示某一类人；用于姓氏的复数前表示一家人或夫妇二人。 7.在介词短语中，方向/方位名词前要用冠词或用在年代，朝代名词及逢十的数词前（表年代）。 8. 用于表示身体部位的部分名词前。 1. An apple fell from the tree and hit him on _______ head. 2. He held the baby girl upside down and patted her on _______ back. 9.用在表度量单位的名词前，表示“每一”。 10.用于江河湖海，山脉群岛，海峡海湾等地理名词前。 The Yellow River is the cradle of Chinese culture. 考点三、零冠词的用法 1.不可数名词、复数名词表泛指，用零冠词。 Teachers are badly needed in the remote districts. 2. 月、季、星期、节假、洲前；三餐、球类、惯用语前；学科、棋类，职位、头衔等名词前，用零冠词。 A year can be divided into four seasons — spring，summer，autumn and winter. I always have breakfast at home and lunch at school. Some students will play basketball after school，and others will go running around the campus. 例：In 1778, Banks was elected ___ president of the Royal Society, __position he held for 42 years. A./, the B. the, / C. the, the D./, a 3.个体名词的抽象化:个体名词被抽象化后，与零冠词连用。 go to school/go to the school in hospital/in the hospital at table/at the table in prison/in the prison go to bed/go to the bed
2017年高考英语四海八荒易错集专题01名词与冠词
专题01 名词与冠词 1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，61)But for tourists like me，pandas are its top ________(attract)．【答案】attraction 【解析】句意：但是对于像我一样的游客来说，大熊猫是最大的吸引。形容词top“头等的；最重要的”后面跟名词形式。 2．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，69)The nursery team switches him every few ________(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed... 【答案】days 3．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，42)Then，handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________(achieve)． 【答案】achievement 【解析】句意：然后，首先处理最重要的任务，那么你会感到真正意义上的成就。介词of后应用名词作宾语。 4．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，46)Recent ________(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly． 【答案】studies 【解析】句意：最近的研究显示如果我们有规律地进行短暂的休息的话，我们工作的效率会更高。study“研究”为可数名词，本句的谓语动词为sh ow，说明主语应用名词复数studies。 5．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，68)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C.，influenced the ________ (develop)of chopsticks. 【答案】development 【解析】句意：一些人认为大约生活于公元前551年到479年间的中国伟大学者孔子影响了筷子的发展。根据空格前面的the可知，所填词应用名词形式。 6．(2016·四川，65)Any smell might attract natural ________(enemy)that would try to eat the little panda.
英语语法之冠词和数词
英语语法之冠词和数词 1.不定冠词a与an的用法 2.定冠词the的用法 3."零"冠词 4.基数词的用法 5.序数词的用法 一. 冠词的用法 冠词是虚词，放在名词之前，用来说明名词指的人或事物。冠词有两种。 a(an)叫不定冠词，the叫定冠词。a用在辅音之前，an用在元音之前。 1. 不定冠词的用法 (1) a和an均用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物。例如： John is a student. Mary is an English teacher. (2) 指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。例如: A steel worker makes steel. Pass me an apple, please. (3) 指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。例如： A student wants to see you. A girl is waiting for you outside. (4) 表示“每一”的意思，相当于every。例如： Take the medicine three times a day. They go to see their parents once a week. 2. 定冠词用法
(1) 特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。例如： The book on the desk is an English dictionary. Beijing is the capital of China. (2) 指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物。 例 如：Open the door, please. Jack is in th e library. (3) 上文提到过的人或事物。例如： Yesterday John’s father bought him a new bike. The bike cost him 200 yua n. (4) 表示世界上独一无二的事物。例如： The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. (5) 用在序数词和形容词最高级之前。 例 如：Shanghai is the biggest city in China. Jan uary is the first month of the year. (6) 用在某些形容词之前，表示某一类人或事物。 例如：The nurse is kind to the sick. We should take good care of the old. the old 老人the young 年轻人the rich 富人the poor 穷人 the sick 病人the dead 死人 (7) 用在某些专有名词之前和某些习惯用语中。例如： the Great Wall, the Summer palace, in the morning, in the open air等。 (8) 用在姓氏复数之前，表示“某某一家人”，“某某夫妇”。
专题一冠词
专题一冠词 重难点分析 冠词是一种虚词，没有词义，不能单独使用，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词主要分为定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词。 历年高考试题对冠词的考查涉及到冠词的位置、不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词及固定搭配中的冠词等各个方面。下面我们以表格的形式对前四个方面进行梳理总结。 一、冠词的位置 二、不定冠词
三、定冠词 四、零冠词
五、英语中含有冠词的词组辨析 英语中有不少词组，从形式看好像只有冠词之差，而实际上却是意义完全不同的词组。 1. in front of 在……（外）的前面；in the front of在……（内）的前面 There is a garden in front of the classroom. 教室前面有一个花园。（外） There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom. 教室前面有一块黑板。（内） 2. in charge of 掌管、负责；in the charge of 在……负责之下 An experienced worker is in charge of the project. 一位有经验的个人负责这个项目。 The project is in the charge of an experienced worker. 这个项目由一位经验丰富的工人负责。 3. at table 在进餐、吃饭时；at the table 在桌旁 He seldom talks at table. 吃饭时他很少说话。 They sat at the table, talking and laughing. 他们坐在桌旁，边说边笑。 4. by day 白天、日间；by the day 按日计 He works in an office by day. 他白天在办公室工作。 Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the day. 大城市的清洁女工按日获得报酬。 5. take place 发生、举行；take the place (of) 代替、接替 When did this conversation take place? 这次谈话什么时候进行的？ Electric trains have now taken the place of steam trains in our country. 在我们国家，电力火车已经取代了蒸汽火车。 6. in words 用语言；in a word 总之 Please express your thoughts in words. 请用言语表达你的想法。 In a word, I don’t trust you. 总之，我不相信你。 7. at times 有时、不时；at a time 一次 I do feel a little nervous at times. 有时我确实感到有些紧张。 Pass me the bricks two at a time. 每次递给我两块砖。 8. little 少、不多的；a little 一些、一点儿 Hurry up, there is little time left. 快点，时间不多了。 Don’t hurry, you still have a little time. 不用急，你还有时间。 9. few 很少、几乎没有的；a few 有些、几个
专题01冠词、名词和主谓一致-三年高考(2016-2018)英语试题分项版解析Word版含解析
2018年试题 1.【2018·天津】 6. The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space. A. advice B. order C. possibility D. invitation 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是 激励科学家们去探索外部空间。 A. advice建议；B. order命令；C. possibility可能性； D. invitation邀请。故选C。 【解题指导】本题考查名词辨析。名词和动词及短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题 语法上是一个同位语从句，从句that there is life on other planets in the universe 是来解释说明前面所选择的名词。根据常识可以判断，宇宙中其它星球上存在生命只是一种 可能性，目前无法证明，从而选出正确答案。 2.【2018·江苏】32. Try to understand what’ｓactually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made. A. assignment B. association C. acquisition D. assumption 【答案】D 【解题指导】本题考查名词辨析。名词考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题抓住句中的关键 词actually happening实际发生和instead of而不是，可知是假设，从而选出正确答案。 2017年试题 【2017·江苏】24.The publication of Great Expectations, which _______ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】C
初中英语语法大全——冠词
初中英语语法大全——冠词一. 冠词的定义、位置和种类 在英语中a,an称为不定冠词,the称为定冠词。名词前不用冠词时称为零冠词。有时名词前的冠词可以省略，这与零冠词不同。 二.不定冠词的用法 不定冠词a/an与one同源，表示微弱的一的概念，但并不强调数目，只表示名词为不特定者。不定冠词a/an的用法如下: ①
1. 泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。 A leaf falls much more slowly than a stone. I saw a man in the darkness, but I couldn't make out who it was. 2. 指代一类人或事物。 该用法并不表示具体的某一个人或事物的，而是表示一类人或事物，一般不译为“一”。 A doctor is a person who saves people's lives. A knife is a tool for cutting with. 3. 表示数量中的一。 意义上接近one，但数量概念比one弱，此时常译为“一”。 There is a table and four chairs in that dining room. There is going to be an English lecture this evening. 4. 表示单位量词的“每一”。 用于表示时间、速度、价格等含义的名词之前，有“每一.......”的意思。 Take three pills a day and you'll get better soon. The light blinks once a second. 5. 用于集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词前。 (1) 用于集体名词前 ②
中考英语语法专题训练 冠词(含答案)
语法专题训练冠词 1.[2018·淮安]—I’m thirsty, Mom. —Here is bottle of water for you. A.a B.an C.the D./ 2.[2018·宿迁] There will be talk on good manners at the school hall this afternoon. A.the B.an C.a D./ 3.[2018·连云港] Zanco,American tech company, made tiniest phone in the world—the Tiny 11. A.the; a B.an; / C./; a D.an; the 4.[2018·泰州]Among all Chinese traditional arts, Nancy likes Beijing Opera best because it is really fun. A./; a B./; / C.the; a D.the; / 5.—[2018·温州] Will you go to school-leavers’ party tomorrow? —Certainly. I’m going with my parents. A.a B.an C.the D./ 6.[2018·曲靖]—Have you seen the movie Amazing China? —Yes. It’s exciting documentary. A.a B.the C.an D./ 7.[2018·云南] There is umbrella behind the door. A.a B.an C.the D./ 8.[2018·百色] Alice is honest girl. She never tells lies. A.a B.an C.the D./ 9.[2018·贵阳]story of Chang’e is regarded as a touching traditional folk sto ry about the Mid-Autumn Festival. A.A B.An C.The D./ 10.[2018·吉林]Yesterday’s concert was great success. All the people showed interest in it.
高考英语 备考总动员易错点睛系列 专题01 名词与冠词(学生版)
高考英语备考总动员易错点睛系列专题01 名词与冠词 （学生版） 考前必读 名词在历年高考中一直是考察的重点项目之一，每年全国约有一半的高考试题涉及名词。 命题者主要从名词的词义入手，考察近义名词的辨析、形近名词的辨析以及名词的固定搭配 等方便，同时，题干也从呼应、对比等方面提供足够的信息，考察学生根据语境理解和辨析 名词的能力。2012年高考英语试题对名词的考察也会涉及这些方面。 易错点睛 易错点1 忽视抽象名词具体化的用法 【易错题l】—How about ______ Christmas evening party? —I should say it was ______ success. A. a; a B. The; a C. a;不 填 D. the; 不填 易错点3 混淆特指的定冠词和泛指的不定冠词 【易错题1】This area experienced heaviest rainf all in month of May. A 不填; a B a ; the C the ; the D the ; a 【易错题2】In order to find _______ better job , he decided to study _________ second foreign language . A. the ; a B. a ; a C. the ; the D. a ; the
【易错题3】We can never expect bluer sky unless we create less polluted world. A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the 易错点3混淆用冠词和不用冠词的不同 【易错题1】Gorge couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was _____ Sunday because everybody was at _______ church. A. /; the B. the; / C. a; / D. /; a 跟踪练习： 1、（2012年郑州市高中毕业年级第一次质量预测英语）—I really admire the people full of _______. I’m alw ays tired. —You’d better take more exercise. A．power B．strength
2017年高考一轮复习专题一名词、冠词和代词
2017年高考一轮复习专题一名词、冠词和代词
专题一名词、冠词和代词 名词：A卷全国卷 语法填空/单句改错： 1．(2016·全国Ⅰ，61)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top________(attract)．2．(2016·全国Ⅰ，69)The nursery team switches him every few ________(day) with his sister. 3．(2016·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.________. 4．(2016·全国Ⅱ)Handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of ________(achieve)． 5. (2016·全国Ⅱ)Recent________(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. 6．(2016·全国Ⅲ)Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of ________(apple)．7．(2015·全国Ⅰ)I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone
英语语法冠词专题
使用定冠词的场合 1.用在表示独一无二或被认为唯一东西的名词前。（如果这类名词前边有形容词修饰，表示阴 晴雨雪等不同的状貌，则可用不定冠词。） 2.用在第二次提到的人或物的名词前。 3.某些表示自然界事物（山脉、潮汐、大海、风、雨、雪、田野等）的名词，即使是泛指， 也要用定冠词。 4.用在与先前提及事物存在关联的名词前。 5.用在表示特指（即交谈双方彼此熟知或心照不宣）的人或物的名词（一般为单复数形式的 个体名词）前。 6.用在由后置定语（如短语或从句）修饰的（专用）名词前。 7.用在形容词/副词最高级或序数词前。（部分短语或习语例外，使用零冠词；如 first cousins, be second to, do sth. first thing, at first glance, on second thoughts, first lady, first secretary 和 first prize 等。） 8.当 only, main, sole, same, following, last, next, opposite, present, usual, wrong, ultimate, right, principle 等修饰名词时，前面用定冠词。（only son, only daughter, only child 前可用不定冠词，其他此类形容词前偶尔也可用不定冠词。） 9.“定冠词 + 单数名词”结构表示类属（即表示一类人或物）。英语中表示类属可有三种方 式：①不定冠词 + 单数名词；②定冠词 + 单数名词；③复数名词。但它们的意义有所不同，不定冠词：列举实例（相当于 every/each，“以一概全”）；定冠词：对比类别；复数名词：概括全体（相当于 all）。 10.“定冠词 + 复数名词”结构表示某类人的总称，或集体中的任何一个或多于一个（亦可泛 指时日）。 11.“定冠词 + 形容词/动名词/过去分词/名词”结构表示同一类人或物，或某种抽象概念（如 性质、品质等）。其中，“定冠词 + 形容词”结构还可以表示“部分”概念。【参见附录1.1】 12.“定冠词 + 姓氏复数”结构表示“一家人”的概念。 13.定冠词和部分名词连用表示民族、阶级或阶层等。（如 the Chinese, the bourgeoisie, the intellectuals, the upper class 等。） 14.“定冠词 + 普通名词 + of + 抽象名词”结构表示比喻含义。 15.用在人名（可以是名人或普通人）等专有名词前，表示鉴别意义（该人名前往往有普通名 词或形容词等修饰性成分，表示其特征、性质或某种感情等），或直接用在（交谈双方共指且作同一理解的）名人的姓名前（中间修饰成分可有可无），起到强调作用。 16.用在乐器名词前。 17.用在表示计量单位的名词前，表示“每一”，往往具有 every, each 或 per 的含义。（也 可用不定冠词。） 18.用在表示方向或方位的名词前。（某些“方位名词 + 介词”结构例外，如 north by east, from east to west 等。）（参考“使用零冠词的场合”的第 20 条。） 19.如果方位名词大写，表示某一国家或世界的某一部分时，前面用定冠词。（参考建议同第 17 条。） 20.在 suburbs（郊区）和 countryside（农村）之前用定冠词。 21.用在表示江、河、海、洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾、报刊、杂志、书籍、会议、条约、 信仰、学校、星座、飞机、船舶、舰队、铁路、三军、建筑物、都市、宗教事物、历史朝代等的名词前。【参见附录1.2】 22.中国的湖泊名词前常用定冠词。（一般而言，含有Lake, Mount, Cape 等表示湖泊、独山 和孤岛的名词前均不用定冠词，使用零冠词。）（Ref.P6<②>，实例总结）