国际经济法专业术语中英文互译

国际经济法专业术语中英文互译
国际经济法专业术语中英文互译

国际经济法专业术语中英文互译

1. EXW工厂交货(指定地点)

2. FCA:货交承运人(指定地点)

3. FAS:船边交货(指定装运港)

4. FOB:船上交货(指定装运港)

5. CFR::成本加运费(指定目的港

6. CIF::成本、保险加运费(指定目的港)

7. CPT;:运费付至(指定目的地)

8. DAF:边境交货(指定地点)

9. DES::目的港船上交货(指定目的港)

10. DEQ;目的港码头交货(指定目的港

11. DDU:未完税交货(指定目的地)

12. DDP:完税交货(指定目的地)

13. Offer::要约

14. Offer or;:要约人;报价人;发盘人

15. Offeree:受要约人;接盘人,受盘人;被发价人

16. Invitation for offer:要约邀请;发盘邀请

17. Subject to our final confirmation:需经我方最后确认

18. Cross offer:交叉发盘;交叉报价;交错报价;交叉发价

19. Withdrawal:要约的撤回

20. Revocability::发价的撤销

21. Counter-offer;还价;还盘;反要约

22. Acceptance:接受;接纳;承兑;赞同

23. Mail box rule:投递生效原则

24. Receive of the letter of acceptance rule:到达生效原则

25. Late acceptance::迟到的承诺; 逾期承诺

26. Identified to the contract:将货物特定化;将货物划定在该项合同项下(将货物划作履行某一合同的标的)

27. Shipping documents;装运单据;货运单据;船运单据

28. Sale by description;凭文字说明买卖

29. Sale by sample:凭样品买卖

30. Fundamental breach of contract根本违约;重大违约

31. Anticipatory breach先期违约

32. Specific performance实际履行

33. Breach of condition违反条件条款

34. Breach of warranty违反担保条款

35. Unconditionally appropriated to the contract无条件地划拨于合同项下

36. Reserve the right of disposal保留对货物的处分权

37. To the order of the seller or his agent:以卖方或其代理人的名字为抬头的提单;凭卖方或其代理人指示的提单

38. Sale on approval::试销;试用买卖

39. Floating cargo::在途货物;水运途中的货物

40. Quality to be considered as being about equal to the sample符合样品凭规格、等级或标准买卖

41. Sales by specification, grade or standard凭规格、等级或标准买卖

42. Fair average quality符合通常目的;中等品;良好平均品质(国际上买卖农副产品时常用此标准)

43. Sales by brand of trade mark

44. More or less clause溢短装条款;或多或少条款

45. Bulk cargo:散装货

46. Nude cargo裸散货,裸装货,裸包装

47. Gross for net:以毛重作净重,以毛作净

48. US $500 Per M/T CIF New York每吨500美元,CIF(到岸价)纽约

49. Fixed price定价;标价;固定价格

50. Sliding-scale按滑动费率支付专利权税

51. Time of shipment装运时间,装船时间

52. Time of delivery交货时间,交付时间

53. Advice of shipment:装运通知,装船通知

54. Insurance to be effected by the buyer保险由买方办理

55. Inspection and claim clause检查与索赔条款

56. Upon arrival of port of destination到达目的港后

57. After discharge of the goods at the port of destination到达目的港卸货后

58. Inspection certificate of quality质量检验证书;品质检验证书

59. Inspection certificate of weight:重量检验证书

60. Sanitary inspection certificate卫生检验证书

61. Veterinary inspection certificate兽医检验证书;动物检疫证书

62. Plant quarantine certification植物( 病虫害)检疫证明

63. Force majeure clause不可抗力条款

64. Arbitration仲裁,公断

65. Bill of lading提单

66. Charter-party:租船合同

67. Gencon航次租船合同

68. Baltime巴尔的摩定期租船合同

69. Prima facie evidence:初步证据

70. Conclusive evidence绝对证据;最后证据;决定性证据

71. Shipped or on board bill of lading已装船提单

72. Received for shipment B/L备运提单;收货待运提单

73. Clean B/L清洁提单

74. Claused B/L, or Foul B/L不清洁提单

75. Letter of Indemnity保函;保证书

76. Open B/L, Bearer B/L不记名提单;

77. Oder b/L指示提单

78. Direct B/L:直达提单

79. Ocean through B/L:海上联运提单

80. Liner B/L:班轮提单

81. Charter B/L:租船提单

82. Negotiable quality:流通性;可转让性

83. Assignor:转让人;出让人

84. Assignee:受让人;代理人;受托人

85. Endorsement in blank :空白背书;不记名背书

86. Special endorsement:记名背书

87. Due diligence:特别背书应有的谨慎;应有的注意

88. Seaworthiness 船舶适航

89. Cargoworthiness 适货

90. Latent defect 潜在缺陷

91. From tackle to tackle 钩到钩

92. Deviation 绕行

93. Voyage Charter 航次租船

94. Time charter 定期租船合同

95. Charter by demise 光船租船

96. Laytime 装卸时间

97. Demurrage 滞期费

98. Dispatch money 速遣费

99. Lien 留置权

100. Trading limits 航区限制

101. Chartered period 特许期限

102. Employment and indemnity雇用及赔偿(条款)103. Payment of hire 租金

104. Off hire 停租

105. Air consignment 航空托运

106. Air waybill 航空货运单

107. Successive carriers 连续承运人

108. Actrual carrier 实际承运人

109. International multimodal transport 国际多式联运110. Container 集装箱

111. Uniform liability principle统一赔偿责任原则

112. Network liability principle网状责任制113. Insurable interest 保险利益

114. Disclosure of material facts 重要事实披露115. Material representation

116. insurance policy 保险单

117. Accidents 意外事故

118. Total loss 全损

119. Partial loss 部分损失

120. General average 共同海损

121. Particular average 单独海损

122. Actual total loss 实际全损

123. Constructive total loss 推定全损

124. Sue and labor expenses 施救费用

125. Salvage charge 救助费用

126. Free from particular average (FPA) 平安险127. With particular average (WPA) 水渍险128. All risks 一切险

129. Subrogation 代位

130. Abandonment 委付

131. Export credits guarantee 出口信贷担保132. Negotiable instruments可转让票据

133. Predecessor 前手

134. Promissory note 本票

135. Draft 汇票

136. Drawer 出票人

137. Drawee 付款人

138. Payee 收款人

139. Issue 出票

140. Sight bill 即期汇票

141. After sight 见票后付款

142. Without recourse 无追索权

143. Presentment 出示

144. Acceptance of draft 承兑汇票

145. Dishonour 拒付

146. Protest拒绝证书

147. Notary public 公证人

148. Collection 托收

149. Principal 委托方

150. Remitting bank 托收行

151. Collecting bank 代收行

152. Remittance letter 汇款书

153. Document against payment (D/P) 付款交单154. Document against payment sight 即期付款交单

155. Document against payment after sight远期付款交单

156. Documents against acceptance (D/A) 承兑交单

再保险名词中英文对照及再保险介绍

EXPLANATION 再保险reinsurance 原保险人original insurer 分出公司ceding company 再保险分出人reinsured 再保险人reinsurer 分入公司ceded company 自留额retention (自负责任) 分保额ceding amount 再保险费reinsurance premium (分保费) 再保险佣金reinsurance commission(分保手续费) 转分保retrocession 比例再保险:proportional reinsurance 非比例再保险:non-proportional reinsurance 超过损失再保险:excess of loss reinsurance 成数再保险:quota share reinsurance 溢额再保险:surplus reinsurance 线数:lines 起赔点:priority/underlying retention(分出公司自负责任额) 最高责任额:top limit/ceiling figure 险位超赔再保险:excess of loss per risk basis 普通超赔保障:working cover 事故超赔再保险:excess of loss per event/occurrence basis 异常灾害再保险:catastrophe cover 分层再保险:reinsuring in layers 赔付率超赔再保险:excess of loss ratio 损失中止再保险:stop loss reinsurance(停止损失再保险) 共命运条款:follow the fortunes clause(同一命运条款) 错误或遗漏条款:errors or omissions clause(过失或疏忽条款)检查条款:inspection clause(保护缔约双方权利条款/断交条款)仲裁条款:arbitration clause 直接给付条款:cut through clause 固定佣金率:fixed commission rate 单一佣金率:flat commission rate 梯次佣金率:sliding-scale commission rate(累进递增佣金率) 盈余佣金:profit commission(纯益手续费) 或有佣金:contingent commission 结清方式:clean-cut basis 自然期满方式:run-off provision 一年法:one year basis 三年平均法:three-year average system 亏损滚转法:losses carry forward system 消失滚转法:losses carry forward to extinction 三年滚转法:losses carry forward for three years 最后净赔款额:ultimate net loss 净自留责任:net retained lines

外贸及银行术语翻译收藏

我的术语收藏,看贴请跟帖 银行英语: 出口信贷export credit 出口津贴export subsidy 商品倾销dumping 外汇倾销exchange dumping 优惠关税special preferences 保税仓库bonded warehouse 贸易顺差favorable balance of trade 贸易逆差unfavorable balance of trade 进口配额制import quotas 自由贸易区free trade zone 对外贸易值value of foreign trade 国际贸易值value of international trade 普遍优惠制generalized system of preferences-GSP 最惠国待遇most-favored nation treatment-MFNT -------------------价格条件---------------------- 价格术语trade term (price term)运费freight 单价price 码头费wharfage 总值total value 卸货费landing charges 金额amount 关税customs duty 净价net price 印花税stamp duty 含佣价price including commission 港口税portdues 回佣return commission 装运港portof shipment 折扣discount,allowance 卸货港port of discharge 批发价wholesale price 目的港portof destination 零售价retail price 进口许口证inportlicence 现货价格spot price 出口许口证exportlicence 期货价格forward price 现行价格(时价)current price prevailingprice 国际市场价格world (International)Marketprice 离岸价(船上交货价)FOB-free on board 成本加运费价(离岸加运费价)C&F-cost and freight 到岸价(成本加运费、保险费价)CIF-cost,insurance and freight --------------------交货条件---------------------- 交货delivery 轮船steamship(缩写S.S) 装运、装船shipment 租船charter (the chartered shep) 交货时间time of delivery 定程租船voyage charter; 装运期限time of shipment 定期租船time charter 托运人(一般指出口商)shipper,consignor 收货人consignee 班轮regular shipping liner驳船lighter 舱位shipping space 油轮tanker

英国文学名词解释

Allegory is a tale in verse or prose in which characters, actions, or settings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities. Thus, an allegory is a story with two meaning, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning. Bildungsroman: a novel that traces the initiation, development, and education of a young person. Examples are Dickens’s David Copperfield and James Joyce’s Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. Byronic hero is a character-type found in Byron’s narrative Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. He is a boldly defiant but bitterly self-tormenting outcast, proudly contemptuous of social norms but suffering for some unnamed sin. Emily Bronte’s Heath cliff is a later example. Conceit: a kind of metaphor that makes a comparison between two startlingly different things. A conceit usually provides the framework for an entire poem. An especially unusual and intellectual kind of conceit is the metaphysical conceit, used by certain 17th-century poets, such as John Donne.. Comedy of manners is a kind of comedy representing the complex and sophisticated code of behavior current in fashionable circles of society, where appearances count for more than true moral character. Its humor relies chiefly on elegant verbal wit and repartee. In England, the comedy of manners flourished as the dominant form of Restoration comedy in the works of Etheredge, Wycherley and Congreve. It was revived in a more subdued form in the 1770s by Goldsmith and Sheridan, and later by Oscar Wilde. An epic is a long narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating and celebrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the past history of a nation. Epiphany(顿悟): a sudden revelation of truth about life inspired by a seemingly trivial incident Heroic couplet is the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter. Intrusive narrator: an omniscient narrator who, in addition to reporting the events of a novel’s story, offers further comments on characters and events, and who sometimes reflects more generally upon the significance of the story. Iambic pentameter: a poetic line consisting of five verse feet, with each foot an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. Iambic pentameter is the most common verse line in English poetry. Metaphysical poetry: the poetry of John Donne and other 17th-century poets who wrote in a similar style. It is characterized by verbal wit and excess, ingenious structure, irregular meter, colloquial language, elaborate imagery, and a drawing together of dissimilar ideas . Metaphysical Poetry Metaphysical Poetry is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. With a rebellious spirit, the metaphysical poets try to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry. They are characterized by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form. John Donne is the lead ing figure of the “metaphysical school.” Naturalism: a post--Darwinian movement of the late 19th century that tried to apply the laws of scientific determinism to fiction. The naturalists went beyond the realists’ insistence on the objective presentation of the details of everyday life to insist that the materials of literature

国际经济法名词解释(全) 按字母排序

1、BOT(建设—经营—转让):是指政府(通过契约)授予私营企业(包括外国企业)以一定期限的特许专营权,许可其融资建设和经营特定的公用基础设施,并准许其通过向用户收取费用或出售产品以清偿贷款、回收投资并赚取利润。特许权期限届满时,该基础设施无偿移交给政府。 2、不质疑条款:对转让的技术的合法性不得提出异议。 3、不可撤消信用证: 4、保险人:是指收取保险费,并在保险事故发生后,向被保险人承担赔偿义务的人。 5、被保险人:是指支付保险费,在保险标的由于发生保险事故而遭到损失时,享有保险金请求权的人。 6、保险单:是保险公司对被保险人保险标的承保的证明,也是确定双方当事人之间保险权利义务的保险合同。 7、补贴:是指政府或任何公共机构提供的财政捐助和对收入或价格的支持。 8、版权:也称著作权,指文学、艺术和科学作品的作者依照法律规定对其作品《世界版权公约》规定,作品包括:文字、音乐的、戏剧的、电影的作品以及绘画、雕刻和雕塑)享有的权利。 9、不质疑条款:是指对转让的技术的合法性不得提出异议。 10.不可抗力:指合同订立以后发生的当事人订立合同时不能预见的、不能避免得到、人力不可控制的意外事故,导致合同不能履行或不能按期履行。 C 1、承诺:是受要约人对要约表示无条件接受的意思表示。 2、仓至仓条款:承保人的责任起讫是从被保险货物运离保险单所载明的启运地仓库或储存处开始运输时起,至该货物到达保险单所载目的地收货人的最后仓库或储存处,或被保险人用作分配、分派或非正常运输的其他储存处所为止。 3、财产权:是指作者对其作品享有使用和获得报酬的权利,也称经济权利。通常包括:以复制、表演、播放、发行、摄制电影或电视、改编、翻译、注释、编辑等方式使用作品的权利,以及许可他人以上述方式使用作品并获得报酬的权利。 4、常设仲裁机构:是依照国际条约或某一国内法组成的有固定名称、地址、仲裁程序规则以及组织机构的永久性仲裁机构。 D 1、定期租船合同是:指出租人在一定期限内把船舶出租给承租人供其按约定的用途使用的书面协议。 2、代位求偿权:当约定的保险事故发生后,被保险人有权获得保险人所支付的保险金。保险人在支付保险金后,代位取得被保险人基于保险事故对东道国所享有的索赔权及其它权益,向东道国索赔。 3、电子单证:简称EDI,翻译未电子数据交换,指当事人依照法律和协议用电子计算机对约定的信息和数据标准化,格式化,通过计算机网络进行交换和处理。 4、多式联运单据:证明多式联运合同及多式联运合同及多式联运经营人接管货物并按合同条款提交货物的证据。 5、抵免法:是指居住国允许居民纳税人在本国税法规定的限额内,用已向来源国缴纳的税款抵免就其世界范围内的跨国所得向居住国缴纳税款的一部分。 6、单独海损是指货物因承保风队引起的不属于共同海损的部分损失。 7、单独费用是为了防止货物遭受承保风险造成的损失或灭失而支出的费用。 8、多边谈判是指:全体工作组成员,就申请方遵守与执行WTO规则的问题,与申请方谈判。 78、知识产权:狭义理解的知识产权只包括工业产权与版权(也称著作权)两部分,而不包括专有技术。广义的知识产权概念是指对

保险专业词汇英汉对照

保险专业词汇英汉对照 acceptance policy 核保政策 accounting period 结算期 aggregate limit 累积限额 aggregated loss 累积损失 antiselection 逆选择 ART (Alternative Risk Transfer) 新型风险转移balance 所欠款项 barrages 堰坝 captive pools 自保组合 catastrophe risk 巨灾风险 ceiding company 分出公司 cession limit 分保限额 claim-prone 容易出险 claims assistance 理赔协助 clean cut 结清方式 coinsurance 共保 commencement and termination 起讫 cover 承保 cover 责任额 deposit premium 预付保费 destroyed 毁坏 earth caves 土坏房屋 EPA event limit 事件限额 ex gratia payments 通融赔款 excess loss 超额赔款 exclusion 除外责任 exposed areas 风险承受区域 facultative reinsurance 临时分保 fault zone 断层区 finite risk 有限制的风险 flash floods 骤发洪水 flooding of rivers 洪水泛滥 frame structure 框架结构 full coverage 全额承保

full insurance value 足额保险价值 full liability 全部责任 Geophysics Institute 地球物理研究所GNPI 总净保费收入 hailstorm 雹暴 heavy damage 严重破坏 hollow brick wall 空斗砖结构 hour clause 小时条款 hurricane 飓风 individual losses 单一损失 insurability 可保性 insured losses 保险损失 intensity 烈度 layering 层次 less exposed 损失可能性小 liability 责任 light damage 轻度破坏 line slips 分保条 loading 附加费 loss occurrence 损失发生 loss occurring basis 损失发生基础 loss participation 分担损失 loss settlement 损失赔付 magnitude 震级 malicious damage 恶意损害 moderate damage 中度破坏 multi-story building 多层建建筑 Munich Re 慕尼黑再 net retained lines 净自留额 net retained losses 损失净自赔额 no profit commission 无纯益风险 non-proportional reinsurance 非比例再保险notification 告知 object 标的 obligatory reinsurance 固定分保 original deductibles 原始免赔额 original rate 原始费率 paid-up capital 已付资本

物流、海运、进出口专用词汇翻译

日本語英語中国語 コンテナcontainer ドライコンテナdry container 干货箱 リッファコンテナreefer container 冷藏箱 オーポントップopen top container 开顶箱 オープントップコンテナopen top container 开顶箱 フラットコンテナflat rack container 框架箱 タンクコンテナtanker container 油罐箱 オープンサイドコンテナopen side container 侧开箱 ハイキュープコンテナhigh-cube container 高箱 コンテナ船container ship 集装箱船 在来船bulk carrier ship 散杂货船 タンカーtanker ship 油轮 燃料油付加費(BAF) bunker adjustment factor 燃油附加费 外貨差損調整料(CAF) currency adjustment factor 货币贬值调节费緊急燃料油付加費(EBS) emergency bunker surcharge 紧急燃油附加费船荷証券(B/L) bill of lading 提单 オーシャンB/L ocean bill of lading 海洋提单 ハォースB/Lhouse bill of lading 联运提单 スルーB/L through bill of lading 联运提单 コンテナヤードcontainer yard 集装箱堆场CHC container handling charge 集装箱操作费倉庫受け渡しex go-down warehouse 仓库交货 工場車上渡しex work(fca) 工厂交货 バン詰めvaning 装箱 デバン(バン出し)devaning 拆箱 揚げ地discharging port 目的地 送り状invoice 发票 ETA estimated time of arrival 预计到达时间ETD estimated time of departure 预计离港时间FCL full container load 整箱货 元本(もとほん)original 正本 海上哔U ocean freiget 海运费 開梱unpacking 开箱 カートンcarton box 纸箱 木箱(きはこ)wooden case 木箱 風袋込み重量gross weight 毛重 クレートwooden crate 板条箱 原産地証明certificate of origin 产地证明书 決済settlement of account 决算 航海(数)voyage 航海,航行.航次コンテナロードプランcontainer load plan 集装箱装箱单 コレクトcollect

英国文学名词解释

课件上找的 1)classicism 2)realism 3)sentimentalism 1.Epic: 史诗 A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral form and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down. 2.Alliteration: 头韵 A rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound(头韵). 3.Kenning:比喻的复合辞(=metaphor) A figurative, usually compound expression used in place of a name or noun, especially in Old English and Old Norse poetry; for example, storm of swords is a kenning for battle. 4.Understatement: expressing something in a controlled way. 5.Romance:传奇 A long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero. 6.Renaissance文艺复兴(欧洲14至16世纪) Renaissance in European history, refers to the period between 14th century to 17th century. “Renaissance” means “revival”, the revival of interest in and getting rid of conservatism in feudalist Europe and introducing new ideas that express the interests of the rising bourgeoisie. The Renaissance, which means “rebirth” or “revival”, is actually an intellectual

国际经济法英语单词

第一节国际经济法总论 International Economic Law ----- 国际经济法 International Economic Relations ----- 国际经济关系 The Subjects of International Economic Law ----- 国际经济法的主体 Transnational Corporations ----- 跨国公司 definition characteristics sources The Fundamental Principles of International Economic Law ----- 国际经济法的基本原则 The Principle of National Economic Sovereignty ----- 国家经济主权原则 The Principle of Equality and Mutual Benefit ----- 公平互利原则 The Principle of International Cooperation for Development ------ 国际合作以谋发展原则 第二节国际贸易法 United Nations Convention on Contract for the International Sale of Goods, CISG -----《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》 International Trade Practice----- 国际贸易惯例 International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms ----- 《国际贸易术语解释通则》 Principles of International Commercial Contracts,PICC ----- 《国际商事合同通则》 Offer ----- 要约 Acceptance ----- 承诺 Withdrawal ----- 撤回 Revocation ----- 撤销 Fundamental breach of contract----- 根本违约 Anticipatory breach of contract----- 预期违约 Remedies for Breach of Contract ----- 违约救济 Bill of Lading,B∕L ----- 提单 Shipped B∕L ----- 已装船提单 Received for shipment B∕L ----- 收货待运提单 Clean B∕L ----- 清洁提单 Unclean B∕L ----- 不清洁提单 S traight B∕L ----- 记名提单 Open B∕L ----- 不记名提单 Order B∕L ----- 提示提单 Multimodal transport B∕L ----- 多式联运提单 Anti-dated B∕L ----- 倒签提单 Advanced B∕L ----- 预借提单 Documents against Payment,D/P ------ 付款交单 Documents against Acceptance,D/A ----- 承兑交单

常用保险术语(中英对照版本)

{ 常用保险术语 保险费率 premium rate 单位保险金额应该收取的保险费。 损失 loss 非故意的、非预期的和非计划的经济价值的减少或灭失。通常分为直接损失和间接损失。 ; 损失程度 loss severity 保险标的可能遭受的损失的严重程度。 直接损失 direct loss 由风险事故导致的财产本身的损失。 间接损失 indirect loss 由直接损失引起的额外费用损失、收入损失和责任损失等无形损失。 ` 保险 insurance 投保人根据合同约定,向保险人支付保险费,保险人对于合同约定的可能发生的事故因其发生所造成的财产损失承担赔偿保险金责任,或者当被保险人死亡、伤残、疾病或者达到合同约定的年龄、期限时承担给付保险金责任的商业保险行为。 财产保险 property insurance 以财产及其有关利益为保险标的的保险。 企业财产保险 commercial property insurance % 以单位、团体所有或占有的在指定地点的财产及其有关利益为保险标的的财产保险。 营业中断保险 business interruption insurance 以单位因停产、停业或经营受影响而面临的预期利润的减少及必要的费用支出为保险标的的财产保险。 机器损坏保险 machinery breakdown insurance 以各类已安装完毕并投入运行的机器为保险标的财产保险。 ^ 货物运输保险 cargo insurance 以运输途中的货物为保险标的保险。

海上货物运输保险 ocean marine cargo insurance 以通过海上运输方式运输的货物作为保险标的的保险。 陆上货物运输保险 inland transit insurance 以通过陆上运输方式运输的货物为保险标的的保险。 , 航空货物运输保险 air cargo insurance 以通过航空运输方式运输的货物为保险标的的保险。 工程保险 engineering insurance;project insurance 以工程项目中的财产及其赔偿责任为保险标的的保险。 建筑工程保险 construction all risks insurance 以在建工程的主体在整个工程建设期内,发生的与工程相关的物质损失、费用损失和赔偿责任为保险标的的工程保险。 ) 安装工程保险 erection all risks insurance 以各种机器设备在安装、调试期间内,发生的与机器设备相关的物质损失、费用损失和赔偿责任为保险标的的工程保险。 责任保险 liability insurance 以被保险人对第三者依法应承担的赔偿责任为保险标的的保险。 公众责任保险 public liability insurance - 以被保险人在约定的地点范围内进行生产、经营或其他活动时,对因发生意外事故造成第三者人身伤亡或财产损失的赔偿责任为保险标的的保险。 雇主责任保险 employer's liability insurance 以被保险人对其所雇佣的员工在受雇期间从事相关工作时因意外事故或患职业病导致伤残、死亡或其他损失的赔偿责任为保险标的的保险。 产品责任保险 product liability insurance 以被保险人所生产、出售、加工、经销和弃置产品或商品,或被保险人完成工作或操作,在承保区域内造成事故,导致使用、消费或操作该产品或商品的人或其他人的人身伤亡或财产损失的赔偿责任为保险标的的保险。 & 保险责任 coverage 保险合同中约定的,保险事故发生后应由保险人承担的赔偿或给付保险金的责任。主险/基本险 main coverage 可单独投保的保险产品。 附加险 rider

(完整版)英国文学名词解释

①Beowulf: The national heroic epic of the English people. It has over 3,000 lines. It describes the battles between the two monsters and Beowulf, who won the battle finally and dead for the fatal wound. The poem ends with the funeral of the hero. The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use if alliteration. Other features of it are the use of metaphors(暗喻) and of understatements(含蓄). ②Alliteration: In alliterative verse, certain accented(重音) words in a line begin with the same consonant sound(辅音). There are generally 4accents in a line, 3 of which show alliteration, as can be seen from the above quotation. ③Romance:The most prevailing(流行的) kind of literature in feudal England was the Romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse(诗篇), sometimes in prose(散文), describing the life and adventures of a noble hero, usually a knight, as riding forth to seek adventures, taking part in tournament(竞赛), or fighting for his lord in battle and the swearing of oaths. ④Epic:An epic is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significantly to a culture or nation. The first epics are known as primacy, or original epics. ⑤Ballad: The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad which is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas(诗节), with the second and fourth lines rhymed. The subjects of ballads are various in kind, as the struggle of young lovers against their feudal-minded families, the conflict between love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, the criticism of the civil war, and the matters and class struggle. The paramount(卓越的) important ballad is Robin Hood(《绿林好汉》). ⑥Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗里?乔叟: He was an English author, poet, philosopher and diplomat. He is the founder of English poetry. He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian. His best remembered narrative is the Canterbury Tales(《坎特伯雷故事集》), which the Prologue(序言) supplies a miniature(缩影) of the English society of Chaucer’s time. That is why Chaucer has been called “the founder of English realism”. Chaucer affirms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes(反对) the dogma of asceticism(禁欲主义) preached(鼓吹) by the church. As a forerunner of humanism, he praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life. Chaucer’s contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic(抑扬格) meter(the “heroic couplet”) to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. ⑦【William Langland威廉?朗兰: Piers the Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》】

国际经济法论文

外资并购国家安全审查制度研究 -以美国立法为视角 2008年12月,中国太阳能巨头皇明机关获得了高盛集团和鼎辉国际投资公司近1亿美元的注资,1此投资不禁让人联想到三年前凯雷并购徐工。过去几年,一些行业领头的企业先后被外资入股或控股。其中包括世界排名第一的国际纸业公司入股山东太阳纸业;2法国SEB集团入股苏泊尔;3英国RichKeen公司与统一控股完达山;4高盛和摩根斯坦利投资湖南太子奶集团等。5面对本国企业的"沦陷",让我们不得不深思这样一个问题:立法政策上在促进外资并购的同时,是否应就涉及国家安全之特定产业采行适度之管制措施?答案是肯定的,这也是本文的研究重点。 一、外资并购国家安全审查概述 (一)外资并购内涵 外资并购实际上是企业并购按照主体进行划分的一种类型,要准确理解外资并购,首先应明确并购的含义。一般认为,并购这一概念来源于对英文Merger& Acquisitions(通常缩写为"M&A")的翻译。目前在我国,并购是企业兼并和收购的统称。兼并则是指公司的人格被另一公司所吸收,存续公司承受被兼并公司的财产、责任、特权与权力,被兼并公司不再作为独立的法律实体存在。6收购,是指一家企业以支付现金、股票或者其它有价证券为代价,收购目标公司部分或者全部的资产或股权,以取得该企业控制权的一种行为。其次,要理解外资的含义。外资的认定实际上是外国投资者国籍的识别问题,外国投资者一般包括外国企业或其他经济组织以及外国公民。对于外国私人投资者的国籍识别,比较简单,我国实行严格的国籍标准,只要是非中国国籍的外国公民或无国籍公民,均视为外国投资者。但是对于外国企业国籍的认定,我国的立法和司法实践中则没有形成统一的理解和看法,而是交叉使用"资本控制主义标准"和"设立地标准"。7因此所谓外资并购购是指外国企业为了某种经济目的,通过一定的渠道、手段或支付方式,兼并或收购东道国企业的全部或者部分股份或资产,对东道国企业参股、相对控股或控股,最终取得东道国企业的经营管理权或实际控制权的企业经济行为。8 (二)外资并购国家安全审查内涵 目前国内外学者对于外资并购国家安全审查均没有统一的定义。但从该制度设立的目的来看,可对外资并购国家安全审查做如下概括:外资并购国家安全审查是指一国对可能危及国家安全的外资并购进行审查,并采用限制性的措施来规制该危害国家安全的外资并购行为的做法。由此可见,要正确把握外资并购国家安全审查,首先必须对"国家安全"予以明确的界定。国家安全是一个历史的,不断演变的概念,国内外学者在不同时期对这一概念都有不同的诊释。例如佛农·戴科指出:"安全不仅是国家最终生存的欲望,而且是国家生存在重要利益和价值观不受威胁的环境中的欲望。"9阿诺德·沃尔弗斯认为:"国家安全在客观意义上是指不存在对既定价值观构成威胁的状况,在主观意义上是指不存在既定价值观可能受到攻击的恐惧。"10......当代世界的安全己不再是传统意义上的军事安全,而是军事安全和政治安全、经济安全、文化安全、社会安全、环境或生态安全等的有机结合,因此,有人将其称为"综合安全"。11笔者认为,面对日益复杂的并购交易和国际形势,国家安全的宽泛理解应该是切实可行的,我国由此可以拥有合理的自由裁量权,根据个案的情况享有必要的灵活度,以最终满足维护国家安全的需要。另外我国还可以借鉴美国对国家安全的考虑,不再局限于直接影响军事和国防产业的并购交易,还要充分考虑到任何可能对国家安全产生负面作用的行业、设施、技术等。 (三)外资并购安全审查制度确立的意义

相关文档
最新文档