英语语法整理之从句
语法内容----从句
一．从句的分类
主语从句（谓语之前）This is what he told me last night.
表语从句（系动词之后）What he said is true.
宾语从句（实意动词之后）Tell me what he said at the meeting.
同位语从句名词之后，与名词是等同关系）The news that he will come makes
me happy.（解释the news)
定语从句（修饰名词或代词）The news that he tole me is true
状语从句（修饰动词）
1.)时间.....I stayed home while ha was away.(说明呆家的时间）
2.)地点....You should put the book where it was.(说明放的位置）
3. 原因....He didn’t come because he was ill.(说明没来的原因）
4.)结果...He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch cup him(他跑得快
导致的结果）
5.) 目的...We left early so that we could catch the first train.(说明
我们早出发的目的）
6.) 条件...I will not lend the book to you unless you return it in
time.(说明我借书给你的前提条件）
7.）让步...(Although he may have told you, I still think she is not
to be trusted.(说明就算退一步讲，我也不信任她）
8.）方式...You should do as I tell you.(说明你要做的方式）
9.）比较...The room is bigger than that one.(形容/副词的比较用法）
二、从句的连接词(根据从句类型来用）
1.名词性从句-主语从句陈述句（that)
宾语从句-----根据从句类型一般疑问句(weather/if)
表语从句特殊疑问句(what/how/when/
同位语...-where/why/who.)
以宾从为例陈述句：He said that he could help me.(I can help you)
一般问句He asked weather/if I could help him.( Can you
help me?)
特殊问句：He asked what I was doing.( What are you doing?
He asked how I did it?.( How did you do it?)
(2）主语从句的倒装(it 作形式主语）
That he is a doctor is true.= It is true that he is a doctor千真万确，他是个医生。
Whether she comes or not makes no difference.= It is no difference whether she comes or not. 她来不来都没关系。
Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.= It is not yet clear who was responsible for the accident.还不清楚谁对此事负责人。
2.定语从句(根据先行词在从句中的成分确定）
主语（人）--who(that可代)
宾语（人）--whom(that可省可代）
主语（物）--which（that可代）
宾语（物）--which（that可省可代）
定语（人的）--whose
（物的）--whose
状语(修饰动词状态）时间when
地点where
原因why
The children who had been watching started to laugh.一直在旁观看的小孩们开始笑了起来。（人主--who/that)
The boy (whom) you saw yesterday is here now.你昨天见到的那个男孩现在就在那儿。（You saw the boy, 人宾--whom(that)可省可代）
The house whose windows are broken is scary.窗户破了的那所房子很恐怖。（the windows of the house, 物的-whose=of which,定语)
I shall never forget the day when I entered the university. 我永远不会忘记上大学的那一天。
This is the factory where I worked three years ago.这就是我三年前工作过的工厂。（I worked in the factory)
He didn’t tell me the reason why he was so sad.他没有告诉我他那么伤心的原因。( I don’t know why he was so sad)
(2)限定性和非限定性.....（不可用that）
This is the book which(that) he gave me.(限定性定从）
He gave me a book yesterday, which is useful. （没有which句子完整，which不可省也不可用that来代替）
（3）As和which用于非限定定语从句
As “正如.......”；(位置可前可后）
Which “这.....”（因果关系，位置：主句，which...)
He was late again, as could be expected. 他又迟到了，正如预料的那样。
He was late again, which made me angry.他又迟到了，这让我很生气。
（4）介词+which/whom...... （根据习惯搭配；上下文意义确定介词）
The company in which I am working is a large one.我上班的那个公司是家大型公司。( I am working in the company. The company is a large one.
The person with whom you talked is a famous writer. 和你谈话的那个人是一位有名的作家。（You talked with the person. The person is a famous writer)
This is the program of which I was speaking.这就是我所说的节目。（I was speaking of the program. This is the program.)
（5）定语从句和同位语从句（修饰名词）
定从--根据成分确定关联词（主宾定状，人/物）
同位语--与被修饰名词是等同关系
根据从句类型确(陈述；一般、特殊）
对被修饰名词进一步说明
The news which he told me made happy.(the news 物主--which)
The news that he could come made me happy.(the news=he could come)
（6）定语从句和强调句型
强调句型---It is /was+被强调部分（除谓语外）+that +......
定语从句--It is +名词/代词+ that+.....
It is in this shop that we met yesterday. （去掉It is...that=We met in this shop
yesterday)
It is the shop where we met yesterday.(去掉It is...that句子不完整）
（7）插入语
位置：在关联词之后
关联词不变
含义变窄
They went to the place where they believed they could find food.
This is the book which he said is useful for us.
3.状语从句的连接词---逐一记忆
1.) 时间.....
（1.）when 特指过去或将来的某一时刻（be doing/be about to)
正当.....突然
as 两个动作同时发生
while 一段时间
然而；却（AB两者的对比）
He entered the room when the meeting was going on.(他进房间是会议进行的时候）He sang songs as he was talking a bath.(唱歌和洗澡两个动作同时进行）
I stayed home while he was away.( 我待在家是在他离开的那段时间）
He knew how to answer the question, while I couldn’t answer it.(他知道答案与我不知道怎么回答之间的对比）
（2.）before (一段时间）之前
after 在....之后
until 直到...为止（A...延续...B）
not....until 直到.....才（A...非延续性动词...B，not放句首，需倒装）I’ll wait until he comes back.我会等到他回来为止。
Not until he told me did I know it.直到他告诉我，我才直到这个消息。
(3)一...就as soon as
he moment=the minute=the instant
immediately
once
放句首须倒装hardly/barely/scarcely....when
No sooner......than
The instant the result came out, she told us.结果一出来，她就告诉我们。Immediately he came home, I told him about it.他一回家，我就把消息告诉他）
Jack had hardly seen me when he left the room.
（4) any time随时；任何时候
each time 每次（个别）
every time每次（整体）
the day 那一天
the year那一年
You can call me any time you want to. 你随时都可以给我打电话。
Every time I met him, I found him to be taller. 每次我见到他，感觉他又长高了。
2.)地点....
Where 特指
Wherever 泛指，无论何处
Everywhere每个地方
Anywhere 任何地方
You should put the book where it was.
Wherever you go, you must obey the law.不论到何处，都必须守法。
Everywhere they went, they were kindly received.他们每到之处都受到又好接待。
3.)原因.... (因为）because+直接原因（主句+because,不加so）
As/since/now that/in that +间接原因
/seeing/considering that
For +推测的根据（主句，+for)
We did not go out because it was raining.(我们没外出的直接原因是下雨）It is morning, for the birds are singing. （根据鸟儿的歌唱声判断是清晨）
4.)结果.....
如此....以至于so（形容词/副词）....that
Such （名词）....that
So that; that; so（放主句之后）
He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up him.
He gave me such good advice that I finish the task easily.
He made a wrong decision, so that half of his lifetime was wasted.
5.)目的......
So that 为了（放主句前/后，常与情态动词can/should/will等连用）In order that 为了
Lest; for fear that 害怕；唯恐
In case 以防；万一
He spoke loudly so that everyone could hear him.
Take a taxi in case you are late for the meeting.
I hid the book for fear that she could see it.
6.)条件......
If 如果（强调两种可能性）
Unless =if...not 如果....不（唯一条件）
Only if “只要”（放句首要倒装）
If only 但愿；要是（用虚拟语气）
If you have a good eating habit, you can stay healthy.(如果有好的饮食习惯，就能保持健康，如果没有，就无法保持）
I will not lend the book to you unless you can return it in time.(我可以借书给你，前提是你要按时归还）
Only if you study hard will you pass the final-examination. 只要你努力学习，就能通过期末考试。）
If only it would stop raining.要是雨停了就好了(还在下雨，表达一种愿望）As long as 只要（后者的前提，说话者的愿望）
On condition that 条件是（强调前提条件）
Suppose/supposing假设
Given/provided that 鉴于(条件)
I’ll lend it to you as long as you take good care of it.
I’ll buy it on condition that the goods are of good quality.
Suppose you had one million dollars, what would you do?
7.)让步......
尽管though（不用but)
although(语气更重，多用于句首）
即使(可能、假设）even if
even though
无论whether....or
whenever
whatever+名词
however+形容词
no matter what(how/where/when)
Although he may have told you, I still think she is not to be trusted.尽管她可能告诉过你了，我还是觉得她不可信。
I won’t hire him though he is quite a capable man.他即便是个有能力的人，我也不想雇佣他。
Even though I fail, I’ll keep on trying.纵然失败，我仍会继续尝试。
Whatever may happen, we will not change our pan.
However often you ring, no one will answer.
8.)方式....
as 正如....
as if/ as though (加虚拟语气）
the way 正如；按照
You should do as I tell you.你要按照我说的去做。
He looks as if she were ill.他好像是生病了。
He acted as though nothing had happened.他表现得像什么也没发生似的。
9.)比较......
As/so.....as 同....一样
比较级.....than 比....更
The+比较级，the+比较级越....,越......
This building is as high as that one.这幢大楼和那幢一样高。
The room is bigger than that one.这个房间比哪一间大。
The harder he worked, the happier he grew.他越努力工作越感到高兴。
as 时间....(表AB同时发生）
原因....(既然，表直接原因）
方式..... as 正如；就像
as if/though 好像
比较..... as.....as如....一样
not as/so....as不如......
4.并列句
等同and; not only...but also不仅...还; neither....nor既不....也不选择or;otherwise; either...or或者
转折but; however;while;yer 然而；但是
因果for; so; therefore 因为；所以
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最新高中英语语法定语从句总复习
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英语语法之时间状语从句
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(精华版)初中英语语法基本从句汇总
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高考英语语法状语从句习题及讲解
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英语语法几大从句(六级)
名词性从句常见考点突破 一、名词性从句的概念及分类 1.顾名思义不，名词性从句就是指在句子中起名词作用的句子，功能相当于名词词组。 2.根据其在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。同位语从句起对前面的名词进一步解释说明的作用，陈述该名词的内容。 二、名词性从句的三类引导词 1.连接词，包括that,whether和if。that用来引导陈述句，whether和if引导一般疑问句（从句中的一般疑问句要用陈述句语序，而if引导的从句不能作主语）。 2.wh-关系代词，如who,whom,whose,whatever,which等，这类词由于在句中作相应的句子成分，因此一般不能省略。 3.wh-关系副词，如when,why,how,where等，该类词一般也作相应的句子成分。 三、名词性从句的四种类型 1.宾语从句 ①在许多情况下，作为真正宾语的that从句后置，而用it作形式宾语，此时，that 不可省略。例如：You may rely on it that I shall help you.(it作为形式宾语接在rely on后，真正的宾语是that引导的宾语从句。另外，大多数介词不能直接跟that从句作宾语，所以此处需要it作形式宾语。） ②宾语从句分为三类：动词宾语从句、介词宾语从句和形容词宾语从句。动词宾语 从句指的是跟在动词之后且充当其宾语的从句；介词宾语从句指的是跟在一个介词之后充当其宾语的从句；同样，形容词宾语从句指的是跟在某些形容词后面，可理解为该形容词宾语的从句。例如：
I doubt whether he will come.（动词宾语从句） I'm curious as to what he will do.（介词宾语从句） I'm convinced that she is an honest girl.（形容词宾语从句） 2.同位语从句 ①同位语从句就是跟在名词后面，表达具体内容、起解释说明作用的从句。that是其最常见的引导词，不能省略。 ②注意下列名词后面可接同位语从句：hope(希望），fact（事实），news（消息）， problem（问题），conclusion（结论)，rumor（流言），agreement（同意，协议），belief（信仰），concept（观念，概念），idea（想法），question（问题），suggestion （提议），thought（想法），conviction（确信，定罪），doubt（怀疑），decision （决定，决心），assumption（假定，设想），evidence（迹象，证据），等。例如：The news that I havepassed the exam is true. ③在少数情况下，可用连接代词或连接副词引导同位语从句。例如：I have no idea why she cries. 注：同位语可以分为同位语结构和同位语从句。上文提到的是后者；而同位语结构跟在名词后，对其解释说明，与同位语从句不同的是，它只是词或词组。例如：The only way that they canpreserve their history is to recount it as sagas--legends handed down from one generation ofstory-tellers to another.(legends作sagas的同位语，后接过去分词短语作定语。） 3.主语从句 许多情况下，为了平衡句子结构，常用it代替主语从句，将主语从句后置，it只是形式主语。例如：It is not known yet whether they will come today.(It作为形式主语置于句首，而真正的主语-----由whether引导的主语从句------由置于句末。）
初中英语语法专题(状语从句)讲解
初中英语语法专题（状语从句）讲解 状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句可以表示时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较等意义。 知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！ 各类状语从句连接词（短语）一览表： 时间 when, while, as, as soon as, since, until, after, before 条件 If, unless 原因 As, because, since 地点 Where 目的 So that, in order that 结果So that, so…that, such…that 让步 though, although, even if, however 方式 As 比较 t han, (not)as…as, 时间状语从句： Whenever he comes, he brings a friend. 他每次来都带个朋友。 条件状语从句： As long as I am alive, I will go on studying. 只要我活着，我就要学习。 原因状语从句： Since we live near the sea, we enjoy nice weather.由于我们住在海边，能享受到好的天气。 地点状语从句： Put it where we can all see it.把它放在我们都能看到的位置。 目的状语从句：
Finish this so that you can start another.把这个做完，你可以开始另一个。 结果状语从句： He was so angry that he couldn't say a word. 他气得说不出话了。 让步状语从句： Though he is in poor health, he works hard.虽然他身体不好，但是他工作很努力。 方式状语从句： Students do as the teachers say.学生们按照老师说的去做。 比较状语从句： The work isn't as easy as I thought.这项工作比我想象得难。 例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！ 1. 易混引导词while, when, as的区别： when既可以指"时间点",与瞬间动词连用，也可以指"时间段"，与延续性动词连用 （=while）。如： When he came in, his mother was cooking. When (While) we were at school, we went to the library every day. While表示时间段,因此，while 从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词。如： Please don't talk so loud while others are working. As与when用法相似，但着重强调主句动作与从句动作同时发生，有"随着……"或"一边……一边……"之意。如： As you get older, you get more knowledge.随着年龄的增长，你获得的知识就越多。 2．Because,as,since 的区别： Because用于表示直接原因,回答why提出的问题，语气最强；As用于说明原因, 着重点在主句，常译成"由于"；since表示显然的或已知的理由或事实，常译成"既然"。如： Water is very important because we can't live without it. He didn't come yesterday as his mother was ill. I'll do it for you since you are busy.