新编实用英语四 U-1 课文译文及课后答案

新编实用英语四 U-1 课文译文及课后答案
新编实用英语四 U-1 课文译文及课后答案

Unit 1

课文1. 相同的语言,不同的含意

语言归属于讲这一语言的人,而词语或话语的意义则是讲这种语言的人们所赋予的。所以语言的基础是约定俗成,而在标准英国英语和标准美国英语中,这些约定在很多情况下却是不同的。美国英语在全世界都有强大的影响。我们芬兰人在学校学习的是标准英国英语,但同时我们从电视上吸取美国英语的词汇。有时有些英国英语的词语与美国英语大相径庭,会产生一些有趣的巧合,下面是我的一些切身体验:

“我4点50得走,因为我们5:00要喝下午茶”,斯帝文说。(他是我隔壁的邻居,也是我们来到英格兰后在家里接待的第一位客人。)“你真的喜欢喝茶吗?”我问他(我知道芬兰的孩子通常不喜欢喝茶)。“哦,不,我总是喝果汁,”斯帝文回答道。“但是你父母亲喜欢喝茶吧?”“不,他们喜欢喝牛奶,”他说。

我脑海里关于“5时茶”的错觉在那天就破灭了。我意识到“茶”在英国不一定是指一杯热气腾腾的茶。茶经常是指有番茄、肉或是鱼、青豆等的正餐。英国本地人可能觉得“茶”不是一个词,而是两个不同的词:表示正餐的茶和表示热饮料的茶。

“旅行回来给我打个电话(ring),”唐恩说。

“戒指(ring)?为什么,难道你要我嫁给你吗?”我觉得很奇怪。

再一次证明一个词语的含义是言语社区赋予的。给人打电话美国人说呼他,但英国人却说给我打一个电话。

可能美国人在发现新的表达法上更有创造性。原因是他们更习惯于外国的影响,而英国人却一直寓居在一群孤岛上。但是标准英国英语并没有拒绝像Hoover(胡佛真空吸尘器)、Xerox(施乐复印机)和Aspirin(阿斯匹林祛痛片)这样的新词语。英国人很经济实惠(节约、节俭),他们不浪费哪怕是一个字母。PE(体育)这个词是physical education的首字母缩写,就是很好的例证。

我在北林肯郡呆的那段时间从没听说过胶靴这个词。美国人说胶靴,英国人却用威灵顿靴。我听说威灵顿靴得名于久负盛名的威灵顿爵士,他以爱穿绿色防水靴而闻名遐迩。

英格兰有个复合词是“车尾甩卖”,给我印象很深,也令我很喜欢。口头语经常简化为“车尾卖”,从上下文人人都知道(语言基于约定俗成)说话人指的是一种一般人处理旧东西的露天跳蚤市场。这个词很形象(如果听话的人知道在标准英国英语中boot就是指汽车行李箱的话),因为人们直接从汽车的行李箱里卖东西。

语言随着社会的发展而一起变化。像软盘、网络或者打印机这样的词汇几十年前是不存在的。而现在它们极为普通,有些新词还融入了芬兰语和许多其它语言中。

如果标准美国英语和标准英国英语之间的差异消失了,人们学习英语就容易多了。我认为极有可能会朝这个方向变化。媒体,比如卫星频道和互联网是统一英语(并把它融入到世界其他许多语言中)的极其强有力的工具。

课文2. 猜猜谁不会来吃饭

伦敦的雨下个不停。秋天——杰克叫秋天为落叶的季节——一直是灰暗、阴冷的。孩子们的校服不够御寒,就连特拉法加广场上的鸽子也好像失去了些许往日的傲慢。因为我是芬兰人,天气情况对我倒没什么,但是从佛罗里达州巴拿马来的杰克却苦苦地抱怨英国阴沉的都市风景。

即使下雨,我还得每天带孩子们出去散步,就像带两只又小又爱叫唤的小狗一样,因为这是我作为一个换工寄宿女孩的一项职责。终于回到家里,我正准备晾晒他们的雨衣(在英国叫“橡胶防水大衣”)时,我们发现邓恩太太购物已经回来了。我问她杰克有没有来过电话,因为他答应过要打电话来的。

“还没有,”安·邓恩回答说。“但我希望这次他能留下来吃晚饭。”对英国人来说,我

提的问题的意思是杰克要来看我。然而,杰克和我说的只是要打电话。如果杰克是一个叫贝帝的英国男孩,他答应我的就会是“给我拨电话”(give me a ring),——这可与谈婚论嫁丝毫无关系。

那个星期里,后来杰克果真来了并且同意和我们一起共进晚餐。听了安向他详细地介绍了他就要享用的英国“盛宴”之后,他显得十分拘束。“炸鱼条和薯片,”他在我耳边嘟哝着,眼神里透着不安。因为对我的美国朋友来说,“薯片”就是纯马铃薯片(标准英国英语中叫土豆条)。其实,“薯片”在标准英国英语中的含义就是标准美国英语中的“油炸土豆片”。杰克从没听说过“鱼段”(标准美国英语中的“油炸鱼条”),而且食用老鲑鱼“条”对他真的没有吸引力。

很显然,标准英国英语和标准美国英语有很多共同之处。毕竟,它们都是同一种语言的两种变体。美国英语赢得了主导地位主要因为其相应的政治、文化和技术势力。二战后,美国英语已经成为商业和通讯业中使用的主要英语变体,而英国已经失去了几乎所有领域里的优势。“国王英语(英国英语)不再是国王的。它是一个联合股份公司,美国人占有大部分股份,”曾在小说的文学世界里创造了最成功的人物哈克贝里·费恩的马克·吐温这样写道。美国英语与英国英语之间存在着许多不同程度的差异。有些是拼写、标点和发音方面的,有些是语法和句法方面的。我们在伦敦那段时间,我的朋友杰克经历了不少的误解和疑惑。他天真地问到“subway”(地铁) 怎么走,英国人却告诉他怎么到最近的地下通道(标准英国英语的含意)。他不会知道伦敦的地铁一般叫“地下管道”(tube)。

吃食和烹饪方面的传统在任何社会都是很独特的,我们谈起糟糕的英国“烹调”(法语外来词)自然也不例外。这从食品的词汇里便可见一斑。我的朋友杰克发现柠檬汁这个词在英国是一种碳酸饮料,而在美国则不是这个意思。

杰克告诉我说他有时觉得好像来到了一个像刘易斯·卡罗尔描述的仙境国度。那里人们把短裤和内衣叫做内衣裤,汽车的消音器在那里是压声器。对我来说,这种变异和大量的半隐含的意义很有意思。我努力从这两种变体里学到点什么。在某种程度上我被它们吸引住了,想破译某种编码来找出隐藏在一般词汇和短语表层底下的含意。

我已经开始发现表层意思下面的另一层意义,即语义学的一个新层面。当这两种变体在多雨的伦敦发生碰撞时,我却发现我是多么热爱英语这门语言。

Keys:

Page 6:

1.

Congratulations on

What other exams are you going to take

Have you registered for the test already?

Not yet.

you’d better enter for it no w.

Thank you.

2.

For what?

Have you ever been to the United States?

In fact, I’ve never been to that country.

I listened a lot to recordings and the radio.

Why did you choose American accent rather than British accent?

My first foreign teacher happened to be an American.

Do you often come to this English Corner?

I enjoy talking to people from different schools, especially those from different countries.

I cannot agree more / quite agree.

Guess what?

Page 10

1. cbdada

2.

1).The differences between SBE and SAE.

2).Because the word “tea” in England does not necessarily mean a hot drink.

3).”Give me a call” or “Call me up”.

4).Because they are more isolated geographically.

5).They are only a few decades old.

6).They are becoming more united.

3.

1). coincidence

2). illusion

3). collapsed

4). isolate

5). abbreviated

6). figurative

7). diminish

8). prospect

4.

1). known

2). where

3). Luxembourg

4). in use

5). necessarily

6). intelligent

7). regardless of

8). naturally

9). consistently

10). four

5.

1).In many cases the meaning of a word differs in American English and British English.

2).As he did a part-time job in a restaurant run by a Cantonese, he picked up some Cantonese.

3).The meaning of a compound (word) is not necessarily the sum of the meanings of its parts /components.

4).It usually takes an English-speaking foreigner two or three months to get accustomed to the Australian accent.

5).Many foreign words have been mixed into the English language.

6).These words came straight from the bottom of my heart.

6.

1).

The ultimate authority for the interpretation of the contract belongs to the two contracting parties and certain terms may mean what the two parties make them mean.

Human rights belong to the people and they should mean what the people make them mean. 2).

Confidence is based on abilities, and abilities are in many cases different from person to person.

The use of a language is based on culture, and cultures are in many cases different from country to country.

3).

Sometimes what he says is so unfamiliar that I even doubt if I am talking to a stranger. Sometimes his behaviors are so unfamiliar that I wonder if he is still the same person I used to know.

4).

His illusion about setting up a private detective office collapsed in the end.

Our illusion about a free trip to Europe collapsed.

5).

It is possible that male students are more creative in solving certain problems than female students.

It is possible that the younger generation of engineers is more creative than the older generation in terms of design concept.

6).

To the whole world there is a good prospect of the development of China’s economy.

There’s not much prospect of their winning the game again.

高英课本课后翻译答案

这是我整理的,希望对大家有用。蓝色部分是重点词汇。 第一课 1、一条蜿蜒的小路隐没在树荫深处。 A winding path loses itself in the shadowy distance of the woods. 2、集市上有许多小摊子,出售的货物应有尽有。 At the bazaar, there are many stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold. 3、我真不知道到底是什么事让他如此生气。 I really don’t know what it is that has made him so angry. 4、新出土的铜花瓶造型优美,可有精细、复杂的传统图案。 The newly unearthed bronze vase is pleasing in form and engraved with delicate and intricate traditional designs. … 5、在山的那一边是一望无际的大草原。 Beyond the mountains there is a vast grassland that extends as far as the eye can see. 6、他们决定买那座带有汽车房的房子。 They decided to buy that house with a garage attached. 7、教师们坚持对学生严格要求。 The teachers make a point of be ing strict with the students. 8、这个小女孩很喜欢她的父亲。 The girl is very much attached to her father. 9、为了实现四个现代化,我们认为有必要学习国外的先进科学技术。 To achieve the four modernization, we make a point of learn ing from the advanced science and technology of other countries. | 10、黄昏临近时,天渐渐暗下来了。 As dusk fell, daylight faded away. 11徒工仔细地观察他的师傅,然后照着干。 The apprentice watched his master carefully and then followed suit. 12、吃完饭弗兰克常常帮助洗餐具。 Frank often took a hand in the washing-up after dinner.

英语课后翻译答案新

U n i t1 1. 任何年满18岁的人都有资格投票。(be eligible to, vote) Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote. 2. 每学期开学前,这些奖学金的申请表格就会由学校发给每一个学生。(apply for, scholarship) A form to apply for these scholarships is sent by the university to every student before the start of every semester. 3. 遵照医生的建议,我决定戒烟。(on the advice of) On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking. 4. 公园位于县城的正中央。(be located in) The park is located right in the center of town. 5. 这所大学提供了我们所需的所有材料和设备。(facilities) The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire. 1. 他们花了多年的时间寻找内心的平静,但是收效甚微。(search for) They spent many years searching for peace of mind, but with little success. 2. 这种新药的成功研制已经使许多疾病的治疗发生了根本性的变革。

《新编实用英语》第一册教案

《新编实用英语》第一册教案 Unit One Greeting and Introducing People Teaching Objective In "Talking Face to Face",learn how to greet people and how to make introductions. In "Being All Ears", practice listening comprehension to greet and introduce people with various relationships. In "Maintaining a Sharp Eye",master the key words and structures and learn the way foreign people greet each other, particularly the way Americans meet and greet each other, both in informal and formal situations by reading through passage I; learn and practice how to introduce oneself by reading through passage II. In "Trying Your Hand", become knowledgeable on how to write a business card and fill in a passport with one’s personal information; review the basic sentence structure. Teaching Procedures Section I Talking Face to Face1.Warm- up: Expressions of greetings and responses to greetings: a. Greetings: 1) Hi! How do you do? 2) Hello, you must be Jack from America. 3) How are you? 4) Hello. How are things with you? How are you doing? 5) How is everything? 6) You are doing all right? 7) How it goes? 8) How is life, John? 9) Excuse me. Are you Kitty? b. Responses to Greetings: 1) How do you do? 2) Fine, just fine. 3) Fine, thank you. 4) Quite well. And you? 5) The usual. How about you? 6) So-so. And what about you? 7) Nothing particular. 8) Not too bad. 9) Nice to meet you.

Unit 1课文翻译及课后翻译练习参考答案

Unit 1 课文翻译及课后练习翻译参考答案 课文翻译: Unit1 从能力到责任 当代的大学生对他们在社会中所扮演的角色的认识模糊不清。他们致力于寻求在他们看来似乎是最现实的东西:追求安全保障,追逐物质财富的积累。年轻人努力想使自己成人成才、有所作为,但他们也承认自己的迷茫:在这个变幻莫测的时代,他们该信仰什么?大学生一直在寻找真我的所在,寻找生活的意义。一如芸芸众生的我们,他们也感到纠结——一方面,他们崇尚奉献于人的理想主义,而另一方面,他们又经不住自身利益的诱惑,陷入利己主义的世界里欲罢不能。 最终,本科教育的质量将由毕业生参与社会与公民活动的主动性来衡量。雷霍德·尼布尔曾经写道:“一个人只有奉献社会,才能了解自我。一个人如果一味地以自我为中心(或直译:一个人如果不能找到自我以外的中心),他将会失去自我。”理想化的本科教育应该反映在超越自我中。在这一个残酷的、竞争激烈的社会,人们期望大学生能具备正直、文明,甚至富有同情心的人格品质,这是否已是一种奢望?人们期望大学的人文教育会有助于培养学生的人际交往能力,如今是否仍然适合(或直译:希望大学的人文教育能使大学生在与他人的人际交往中具备人文情怀,这是否合适)? 毫无疑问,大学生应该履行公民的义务。这迫切需要美国教育有助于弥合公共政策与公众理解程度之间的极具危险性、正日益加深的鸿沟。建设性思考政府议程问题所必备的知识似乎越来越无法掌握。所以很多人认为想通过公众的参与来解决复杂的公共问题已不再可能行得通。他们问,如果一些非专业人士甚至不懂专业术语,怎么可能让他们去讨论重大的政策选择问题? 核能的利用应该扩大还是削弱?水资源能保证充足的供应吗?怎样控制军备竞赛?大气污染的安全标准是多少?甚至连人类的起源与灭绝这样近乎玄乎的问题也会被列入政治议事日程。 公民们带着类似的困惑讨论“星球大战”问题,试图搞懂那些关于“威慑”与“反威慑”等高科技的专业术语。像地方的区域规划,学校种族隔离制的废除,排水系统的问题,公共交通的治理,以及相互竞争中的有线电视公司对许可证的申请等这些曾经看起来只是一些地方性事务的事情,现在也需要专家来解决。这些专家讨论专门术语,常常不是阐明问题,反而使问题变得让人迷惑不解。然而,公共生活的复杂性,要求更多、而非更少的信息资料;需要更积极、而非更消极的公众参与。 对于那些关心“民治”政府的人,公众理解程度的每况愈下是无法接受的。当今世界,人类生存问题吉凶未卜、危在旦夕,无知是不可取的。由视野有限的专家完全控制政策制定,这也是不可容忍的。作为公民,我们如果不能找到更好的方法教育自己,如果不能提出难题,并得到满意的答案,那么我们会冒险做一些关键性的决定,不是基于我们所了解的知识,而是基于对一两个所谓专家的盲目信任。 我们的民主社会需要一批受过良好教育(well-informed)、关心他人(caring)的人士。他们能作为公民,本着服务大众的精神,团结一致,相互学习,参与到民主建设之中。 我们需要关心公众事务的人,他们能参与调查,知道如何提出合适的问题,了解公民政策制定的程序,并能够对那些影响深远的问题做出有根据的、敏锐的判断。诚然,没有哪个社会机构能独立培养我们所需的领导人才,但我们深信,如果“民治政府”要有生命力的话,大学相对于其他机构来说,更有责任去培养我们国家所急需的开明领导人。 为了完成这个迫切的使命,所需的视野不仅要着眼国内,还必须放眼世界。当代大学生必须还了解其它国家的民族与文化。人类的势力范围已涉及到太空,一切变得都很明了,我们都是同一个星球的守护者。在过去的半个世纪中,我们的地球变得越来越拥挤,相互依赖

《高级英语(第一册)》课后翻译习题及答案

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