2018考研英语阅读真题中长难句解析

来源：智阅网

长难句历来是考研英语的难点，今天我们选取了历年考研英语真题中的长难句，来进行分解，词汇的强化记忆等，希望对考生们有所帮助。

( 1999年真题Section III Reading ComprehensionText5第1段第7句)The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.

译文：苹果向下落到地面不是向上飞到树上，这一事实回答了他长期以来一直对天空中更大果实——月球和行星所存有的疑问。

分析：这个句子的主干是The fact answered the question。复杂之处在于主语fact跟了一个同位语从句，解释的是fact的内容，注意这个从句中and省略了与前面相同的主语谓语the apple fell;后面的宾语带了一个定语从句，这个从句的引导词that或者which 省略了，about短语是对question的解释，those larger fruits of the heavens指的就是the moon and the planets。

词汇指南:

toward(s) (prep.)向;对于;接近,将近(中考词汇)(2013年-阅读1)(to-去,往;靠近，ward(s)-后缀,表示“向…,朝…”→一再地向…靠近、往…靠近——即“向;对于;接近”。)

tree [tri:](n.)树,树木(中考词汇)(tr=turn-转动,引申为“年轮”，ee-眼睛→用眼睛就能看到“年轮”的东西——即“树,树木”。) 2个扩展词：

trim [trim](vt.)修剪,修整(adj.)整齐的,端正的(CET-4)(tr=tree-树木，tom-词根,切,割,剪→修剪树木——即“修剪,修整”，引申为“整齐的,端正的”。)

trunk (n.)树干;大衣箱,皮箱(高考词汇)(tr=tree-树木，unk=bulk-体积;大块→大块、粗大的树木——即“树干”。而该词之所以还表示“大衣箱、皮箱”，则源于“大衣箱”与“树干”在某种程度上很相似、皆为宽大厚重之物。)

about(prep.)关于;在…附近;在…周围(adv.)在四周,在附近(中考词汇)(ab-远离,离开，out-出去,向外→离开(原有位置)、出去了、在其外围→在…附近;在…周围)

1个扩展词：

about-face (n./v.)向后转;(态度、举止、观点等的)彻底改变(2010年-阅读2)(about-周围，face-脸→把脸转一周、转向后面——即“向后转”，引申为“(态度、举止、观点等的)彻底改变”。) moon[mu:n](n.)月球,月亮;卫星(中考词汇)(mo-move，on-摘取自“Luna-月亮女神”中的“un”部分→源于夜幕降临之时，便是月亮女神Luna升入天空、移动飞行的时刻。)

1个形近词：

moan(n.)呻吟声;悲叹声(v.)呻吟;悲叹,抱怨(CET-4)(2010年-阅

读4)(有学者认为，“moan”一词具有拟声色彩，其发音很像人“呻吟”时所发出的声音，请读者体会其发音。)

1个扩展词：

mournful (adj.)悲恸的,悲哀的;忧伤的(超纲词汇)（mourn=moan-呻吟,悲叹，ful-充满的→充满悲叹痛苦的——即“悲恸的,悲哀的;忧伤的”。）

上面我们通过一个真题中的长难句为例，对句子结构进行解析，词汇的扩展，进而教会我们如何去应对这些长难句。何凯文老师编写的《考研英语长难句解密》这本书对长难句进行了分析，给出了应对的方法和技巧，希望考生们可以好好利用。

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