专业英语 英译汉

For many years, glass and carbon fiber have been the accepted traditionalreinforcements to polymers. But now many people have recognized that glass fiber is difficult to be disposed(处理）and carbon fiber is too expensive. Natural fibersare a realistic alternative reinforcement because of the advantages of their low cost, relatively high toughness, good thermal properties and excellent environmental performance, and their reinforced polymer composites have attracted a lot of attention in automobile industry as environmental friendly and recycleable materials. This work has successfully fabricated ramie fiber reinforced polypropylene composites (RF/PP) with injection moulding method, which is more economic than press moulding method. RF/PP isfabricated by blending treated RF with PP using a twin-screw extruder and then makingthem as blended pellets. The blended pellets were subsequently injection molded to obtainthe ramie fiber reinforced ploymer composites.

很多年以来，玻璃纤维和碳纤维对高分子来说已经成为公认的传统增强剂。但是现在很多人意识到玻璃纤维很难被处理，并且，碳纤维很昂贵。传统纤维是理想的增强剂，因为它们价格低廉，韧性十分强，很好的热性能和优异的环境表现性能的优点，而且，它们的加强聚合物复合材料在汽车工业作为环境友好和可回收材料吸引了很大的注意力。这个工作已经成功地制造出用注射成型方法苎麻纤维加强的聚丙烯复合材料（RF/PP），注射成型方法比模压成型方法更经济。RF/PP是将处理过的RF和PP用双螺旋挤出机混合，然后将他们制成混合粒料制造的。混合粒料随后被注射成型就获得了苎麻纤维加强聚合物复合材料。

The effects of fiber length, fiber content and fiber treatment method on the mechanical properties of the fabricated RF/PP composites being applied as automobile interior were investigated using an Instron computer-controlled testing machine at room temperature. The morphologies of the RF/PP composites were investigated by a scanning electron microscope (JSM-5610). It is found that the increases of fiber length and fiber addition can improve the tensile strength, flexural strength and compression strength apparently with slight decrease of the impact strength. The treatment of ramie fiber can not only clean the fiber surface, but also modify its microstructure. This is good to get better mechanical properties of RF/PP composites.

纤维长度，纤维含量和纤维处理方式对应用于汽车内部的制造的RF/PP复合材料的力学性能的影响用Instron电脑控制测试机器在室温下研究。RF/PP复合材料的形态用扫描式电子显微镜(JSM-5610)研究。我们发现纤维长度增加和增加纤维可以提高拉伸强度，扭转强度和抗压强度，同时伴有冲击强度的少许下降。苎麻纤维的处理不但可以清理纤维表面，而且可以改善它的微观结构。这对于得到更好力学性能的RF/PP复合材料是非常好的。

Polymer/inorganic particle nanocomposites have attracted considerable attention owing to theirexcellent processability, mechanical, optical, electric, magnetic, bioactive and gas sensitive properties. Among the numerous nanocomposites, silica nanoparticles are the most commonly reported, and have been employed in a variety of applications due to their optical transparency, electrical insulation, biocompatibility, chemical and thermal resistance, mechanical stability and variable sizes, tunable surface properties and low costs [1, 2]. The greatest challenge to their large-scale production and commercialization is how to control the homogeneous dispersion of nano-silica in polymer matrix [3]. Here, the colloidal silica nanoparticles were synthesized by

sol-gel process, then a series ofcomposite particles with colloidal silica as the core and the polymer as the shell were synthesized by in-situ polymerization of vinyl monomer, whose formed polymer is miscible or compatible with the following compounding polymer matrix, such as isotatic polypropylene and acrylic resin. Compared to the colloidal silica particles, the composite particles

exhibit better dispersion in polymer matrix, the received polymer/silica composites exhibit excellent thermal and mechanical properties.

聚合物/无机粒子纳米复合材料由于它优异的的反复加工性、力学性能、光学性能、电性能、磁性能、生物活性、气体敏感性，已经吸引了相当多的目光。在大量的纳米复合材料里，二氧化硅复合材料是最常报道的，并且由于它们优异的光学透明性，电绝缘性，生物相容性，耐化学与耐热性，力学稳定性和不同的尺寸，表面可调性，低成本而被各种应用。对于它们大规模生产和商业贸易最大的挑战是在聚合物基体中怎样控制纳米二氧化硅的均相分布。这里，胶态二氧化硅纳米粒子通过溶胶过程被合成，然后以胶态的二氧化硅的一系列复合材料粒子为中心，聚合物为壳被乙烯基的单体用原位聚合法人工合成，之前的聚合物和接下来的组分聚合物基体混合是易混合的或者相容的，例如全同立构聚丙烯和丙烯酸树脂。和胶体二氧化硅粒子相比，复合材料粒子在聚合物基体中展现出更好的分散，标准的聚合物/二氧化硅复合材料表现出优异的热性能和力学性能。

Hybrid composites are complex systems in which there are more reinforcing materials in one matrix (hybrid fiber) or there is one type of reinforcement in a mixed matrix (hybrid matrix). The application of these materials is more and more common in the industry since several properties of their (e.g. toughness) are more competitive than that of conventional mono-composites. The most common composite reinforcing material today is glass fiber, which has a good mechanical properties and properly feasible interface coupling with relatively low price. More demanding applications require carbon fibers, though these have essentiality higher price and it is more difficult to assure the satisfactory interfacial adhesion. Due to the market competition and growing economic and environmental demands, many new fibers come into consideration as potential composite reinforcements. Basalt（玄武岩）fibers are such new reinforcing materials [1]. Basalt is a common volcanic（火山）rock that can be found virtually(实际上）in every country around the globe. Basalt fibers are good electric insulators, not sensitive to moisture, biologically inactive and environmentally friendly. Basalt fibers can be divided into two groups: short basalt fibers made by melt spinning (e.g. Junkers method) and continuous basalt fibers made by spinneret（喷丝头）method [2, 3]. Basalt fibers are produced in one step, directly from crushed basalt stone. Some melt spinning technologies (e.g. the duplex and Junkers method) are suitable for producing cheap, short basalt fibers, but such fibers have relatively poor and uneven mechanical properties. The aim of the present study is to develop a new basalt fiber reinforced hybrid polymer composites and compare their properties to the common fiber reinforced composites. Further aim is to find the positive hybrid effects between the composites.

混杂复合材料是一个复杂体系，在这个系统中有更多的加强材料在一种基体中（混杂纤维），或者有一种类型的增强剂在一种混合基体中（混杂基体）。这些材料在工业上的应用越来越普遍因为它们的几种性能（例如：韧性）比传统的高聚复合材料更具竞争性。如今最常见的复合加强材料是玻璃纤维，玻纤有良好的力学性能，良好的界面相容以及相对低廉的价格。有更大需求需要碳纤维，虽然它们有更高的价格并且很难保证满意的相互粘合作用。因为市场竞争和经济的增长和环境需要，很多新纤维被考虑成为潜在的的复合材料增强剂。玄武岩纤维成为这样的新增强材料。玄武岩是一种常见的火山岩石，这种岩石实际上可以在地球上每一个国家找到。玄武岩纤维是一种很好的电绝缘体，对水分也不敏感，无生物活性，并且环境友好。玄武岩纤维可被划分为两种：短玄武岩纤维用熔融纺丝而得（例如Junkers方法），而连续的玄武岩纤维用喷丝头方法得到。玄武岩纤维用一步生产，直接从粉碎的玄武岩岩石中得到。一些熔融纺丝工艺（例如两部和Junkers 方法）非常适合生产便宜的，短的玄武岩纤维，而这种纤维力学性能不好，参差不齐。现在研究的目的是发展一种新型玄武岩纤维

加强的混杂聚合物复合材料，并且把它们的性能同普通的纤维加强复合材料相比较。更远的目标是找到在复合材料中混杂的正影响。

The Effect of Reprocessing on the Morphology and the Properties of Polypropylene/Wood Flour Composites Compatibilized with Ethylene-Butyl Acrylate-GlycidylMethacrylate (EBAGMA) Terpolymer(三元共聚物）Composites made from blend of thermoplastics and wood fillers have attracted a number of researchers and manufacturers due to the many advantages that they present [1]. Indeed, the addition of wood flour as renewable natural filler in polymer composites aims to produce an unique combination of high performance, great versatility（多功能性）, light weight, recyclability, biodegradability and processing advantages at favourable cost [2]. Among polymer composites, special attention has been given to polypropylene (PP) composites, due to their added advantage of recyclability [2]. Most of the polymer composites are generally subjected to a degradation of the mechanical and physical properties under the increase of temperature. It is important to understand the effects of the processing temperature, because there is constant thermal stress during the manufacturing of filler reinforced composites [2]. This article reports the effects of repetitive extrusion cycles on the morphology and the rheological and mechanical properties of PP/wood flour (20 wt-%) composites in presence of EBAGMAterpolymer used as compatibilizer. The morphological analysis by SEM indicated that the interfacial adhesion between PP and wood flour was improved after six extrusion cycles, being much improved with the compatibilizer. However, the mechanical properties of the polymer composites, especially the Young’s modulus and the stress at break were found to be less affected by reprocessing cycles when compared with PP that was strongly degraded after the first cycle. Moreover, the complex viscosity of the neat polymer decreased very rapidly compared with the composite materials.

循环加工对于由热塑性塑料和木料混合制得的用乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(EBAGMA) 三元共聚物相容的聚丙烯/木粉复合材料的形态和性能的影响由于他们现在的许多优点吸引了一大批研究者和制造商。实际上，木粉的加入在聚合物复合材料中是作为可再生天然填料，目的在于产生高表现性，多功能性，质地轻，可回收性，生物降解性和在可接受的价格循环加工的独特结合。在聚合物复合材料里，由于增添了可回收性的优点，聚丙烯复合材料而被特别关注。大多数聚合物复合材料通常在温度上升时会遭受力学和物理性能的下降。理解加工时温度的影响很重要，因为在制造填料加强复合材料时会有持续的热应力。本文陈述了重复挤压周期对有EBAGMA存在为增容剂的PP/木粉（20wt-%）复合材料形态和流变和力学性能的影响。用SEM测得的形态分析表明PP 和木屑的相互粘合在六个挤压周期后提高，有增容剂则更大提高。然而，在和第一次挤压周期就大量降解的PP相比，聚合物复合材料的力学性能，特别是杨氏模量和断裂应力，被发现循环周期影响较小。并且，和复合材料相比，纯聚合物的复合粘度迅速降低。