裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记第33课

Lesson 33 0ut of darkness 冲出黑暗

Why was the girl in hospital?

Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm. Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea. Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water. During that time she covered a distance of eight miles. Early next morning, she saw a light ahead. She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the cliffs. On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen. That was all she remembered. When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.

参考译文

几乎过了一个星期，那姑娘才能讲述自己的遭遇。一天下午，她乘小船从海岸出发，遇上了风暴。天将黑时，小船撞在了一块礁石上，姑娘跳进了海里。她在海里游了整整一夜才游到岸边。在那段时间里，她游了8英里。第二天凌晨，她看到前方有灯光，知道自己已经接近岸边了，因为那灯光是在高高的峭壁上。到达岸边后，姑娘朝着她看到的灯光方向挣扎着往峭壁上爬去。她所记得的就是这些。第二天她醒来时，发现自己躺在医院里。

【New words and expressions】（12）

darkness n．[u]黑暗，漆黑

反义词brightness光明

eg. The house was complete darkness．这个房子一片漆黑。

dark [da:k]

1) adj．黑暗的，漆黑的(light)

a dark street 黑暗的街道

a dark night 黑漆漆的晚上

2)深色的，暗色的

dark suit 深色的西服

dark hair 深色的头发

3)阴暗的，忧郁的

dark expression忧郁的表情

4)不吉利的

a dark sheep in his family 害群之马

a dark horse 黑马（竞赛中实力不明但被认为可能获胜的人）

adj．+ness（名词后缀）n．

dark-darkness

careful--- carefulness

good ----goodness

careless----carelessness

explain V．解释，叙述，辩解，辩护，成为…的理由

explain sth to sb 对...解释…

explain +that/wh 从句解释

例: Could you explain that question once again?

你能再解释一下那个问题吗？

The manager explained to the customer why the goods were late.

经理对客人解释为什么货物晚了。

A week later, the girl was able to explain what had happened.

一个星期后，这个女孩才能解释发生了什么。

He was late. He explained that the bus had broken down.

他解释说，公共汽车拋锚了。

How do you explain your rude behavior?

你怎么辩解你粗鲁的行为？

That explains her sudden anger.

/That explains why she got angry all of a sudden.

那就是她为什么突然生气的原因。

explain oneself为自己的行为立场辩解

explanation n．[u]解释

[C]解释的语言事实，情况

He resigned without explanation.

他辞职没有做任何解释。

Do you have any explanation for your being later?

对于你的迟到你要做任何解释吗？

coast n．海岸，海滨（邻近海或洋的较宽阔或狭长的地域）

eg. We live on the coast．我们住在海滨。

shore湖或海的边缘或水边的狭长陆地，比coast范围小。海岸，海滩

eg. She swam to the shore．她游到岸边。

beach shore的倾斜部分，往往在涨潮时被漫过的

bank河岸（江河，溪流的）

Tongue twister

She sells seashells at the seashore. And the shells she sells are seashells, I' m sure. Because if

she sells shells at the seashore, the shells she sells are seashells, for sure.

她在海岸线上卖海贝壳。我确定，她卖的贝壳一定是海贝壳。因为一旦她在海滩上卖贝壳的话，那么她卖的贝壳一定是海贝壳。

storm

1)n．风暴，暴风雪（常用构成复合词）

a rainstorm 暴风雪

a snowstorm 暴雪

a dust storm 尘暴

a sandstorm 沙暴

a thunderstorm 大雷雨

brainstorm群策群力

eg. After a storm comes a calm．（谚）雨过天晴，否极泰来。

2)（喝彩，责难等的）嘈杂声，（枪弹的）纷飞，（感情的）激动...

a storm of applause 暴雨般的鼓掌喝彩

3)be caught in a storm遭遇暴风雨

be caught in the rain 淋雨

eg. A storm in a teacup.

小事惹起的轩然大波小题大做，大惊小怪。

4) wind风

breeze 微风

tornado 龙卷风

cyclone 暴风，旋风

gust 阵风

gate 强风

hurricane 飓风

typhoon 台风

storm 风暴

rock

l)n．岩石

eg. The house is built on a rock．这些房子被建在岩石上面。climb up a rock爬上岩石

2)pl．暗礁

run up on the rocks 諱蒸

3)rock (candy) 冰糖（美）

(sugar) candy (英)

4)V．摇动，震动，晃动

rock a baby to sleep/rock a baby asleep 摇婴儿睡觉

Our boat rocked to and from on the waves

我们的船随波摆来摆去。

Rock your body，everybody.摇动你的身体，晃动身体。

5)V．使（某人）震惊

例: The news of the president' s death rocked the company. 总裁的去世震惊了整个公司

rock the boat（团队中某个人）兴风作浪，捣乱

rock 'n' roll 摇滚乐

20世纪50年代由黑人音乐和西部乡村音乐混合而成

light

1) n．光线，光亮

the light of the sun 阳光

the light of the lamp 灯光

the tight of the fire 火光

2) n．光源，尤指电灯

turn on the light打开灯

turn off the tight关掉灯

例: From the TV tower, we can see the lights of Beijing.

从电视塔上，我们可以看到北京的万家灯火。

Keep going; the lights are green．继续开吧，是绿灯。

A sea of lights and a river of cars, have you noticed the beautiful night-scenes in Beijing? 你看到灯的海洋和车的河流映衬的北京的夜景多么美了吗？

3)n．火柴，打火机等的火

eg. Can you give me a light? 能借个火吗？

Put a light to sth 点火

according to one' s lights 根据自己的判断能力

bring sth to light 揭露

eg. His past was brought to light．他的过去公布于众。

in (the)light of鉴于

ahead

1) adj./adv. （空间性的）在前面，向前反义词behind

eg. He passed me and ran ahead．他经过我身边又跑了。

The tree ahead was in the wav．前面的树挡了路。

She saw a light ahead．她看见前面有灯光。

May I use your dictionary? 我能借一下你的字典用吗？

Go ahead．用吧。

2)（时间性的）预先，事前

think ahead 事先考虑

plan ahead 实现计划

eg. Try to look ahead to the future．事先计划一下将来。

Our team is ahead by three runs．我们队领先了三分。

表语形容词

asleep 睡着的alike 相似的

alone 独自的alive 活着的

ahead 前面的

cliff n．悬崖，峭壁，绝壁(pl．cliffs)

stand on the edge of a cliff站在悬崖边上

precipice绝壁，断崖

stand on the edge of precipice 濒临危机

例: The country's economy was on the edge of a precipice.

该国经济处于崩溃的边缘。

struggle

1) v．斗争

struggle with sb/fight with sb和…打斗

例: The landlord struggled with the thief.

店主和小偷扭打在一起。

struggle for sth 为…斗争，努力

struggle against sth 反对…而斗争

fight for freedom /struggle for freedom为自由而战

例: The people are struggling for freedom.

人们为了自由而斗争着。

Chinese people struggle against Japanese for eight years.

中国人民同日本侵略者斗争了八年。

2)v．挣扎，艰难的前进make one's way with difficulty．

eg. She struggled up the cliff．她艰难的爬上悬崖。

The chick finally broke through the shell and struggled out.

小鸡终于冲破蛋壳，挣扎出来了。

3) n．挣扎，手脚乱动，奋斗

例: Don' t give up without a struggle.

你不要没有努力就放弃。

hospital n．医院

an emergency hospital 急诊医院

go into (the) hospital 住院

/be in (the) hospital

leave (the) hospital 出院

住院，出院在美国英语要加the，在英国英语中则通常不加the。

易混淆的词

hospitality n．[u]殷勤招待，厚待['h?spi't?liti]

give hospitality to a person

show hospitality to a person款待（某人）

表方向介词：

to，from，into，out of，for，towards，at等与动词的搭配问题。

1. phrases with to and from

from door to door 挨家挨户

from cover to cover 从头读到尾

from beginning to end 从头到尾

from China to Peru 从中国到秘鲁（遍天下）

from hand to mouth 所挣的钱仅够糊口

eg. He flew to Washington last night. He will be flying from Washington to Chicago on Wednesday. 他在昨天晚上飞往华盛顿。他将于周三从华盛顿飞往芝加哥。

2. phrases with into and out of

1)into: entrance 进入

in: position 在...里在...地方

2) out of: exit 离开，出去

例: Where is Carol?

She has just gone into the kitchen.

Where did you throw that piece of paper?

I threw it out of the window.

3. phrases with for

for: the destination for journey 一个旅途的目的地

eg. We set out for the village at six o' clock next morning.

我们第二天早上6点出发去那个村庄。

George has left for Scotland.

乔治己动身去苏格兰了。

leave somewhere离开某地

leave for somewhere离开去某地

4. phrases with towards

towards: direction approaching a place朝着

eg. The car came towards me．车朝我开来了。

She swam towards the shore．她朝岸边游了过去。

She swam to the shore．她游到到了岸边。

5. phrases with at

at放某些动词后含有“不礼貌”“攻击性”的含义。

eg. She threw the ball to me．她把球扔给了我。

The boy threw a stone at the dog.

这个男孩拿石头砸向了狗。

Don' t shout at others．不要对别人大喊大叫。

It is so noisy that we have to shout to each other.

这里太吵了，以至我们不得不喊着说话。

It is rude to point at people．用手指着别人是不礼貌的。

Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. passed

pass v．经过

例: He passed my house this morning.

他今天早上经过我的房子。

pass the exam 考试及格

fail in the exam 考试不及格

past

1) prep．经过

eg. He walked past my house．他经过我的房子。

2) adj．过去的

例: He told me about his past experience.

他告诉我他过去的经历。

3) n．过去

eg. He seems to live in the past．他似乎生活在过去里面。

the past，the present and the future过去，现在和将来

be able to

be able to与can区别：

1) be able to：可用于任何时态

can:只可用于现在时或过去时(can/could)

例: I will be able to open the lock in five minutes.

我五分钟之内就能打开这个锁。

He hasn't been able to go to work for a month.

他已经一个月不能上班了。

2)表经过努力而做成某事用

was/were able to

例: The plane was able to fly over the mountain at last.

这架飞机最后终于飞过了大山。

The girl was able to explain what had happened to her at last.

最后这个女孩终于可以解释发生什么事情了。

3)can:能够，有可能性做某事

be able to：有能力，有办法做某事

eg. There is no paper. 工can，t write．没有纸，我不可能写。

The child is not yet able to write.

这个孩子还不会写字呢。

One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm. 以时间为线索，随着时间推移展开故事。

one afternoon 天下午

towards evening 邻近黄昏的时候

then 然后

early next morning 第二天一大早

when she woke up a day later当她第二天醒来的时候

Towards evening, she boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea，

strike- struck-struck此处可换成hit

Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water.

During that time she covered a distance of eight miles.

cover

1) v．行走（距离）：走过，飞过，跃过（不用被动语态）

eg. How far can we cover a day? 我们一天能走多远呢？

She covered 1000 meters in less than 4 minutes.

她不到4分钟就跑完了IOOO米。

2) v．遮盖，隐瞒，蒙蔽；（用东西）覆盖（此处可用被动）

eg. He tried to cover his mistake．他企图掩盖他的错误。

Dust covered his desk．灰尘盖满了他的桌子

His desk was covered with dust. 他的桌子被盖满灰尘。

hide 隐藏conceal 隐瞒

bury 埋葬cover 覆盖

Early next morning, she saw a light ahead.

next morning

区别next与other：

next: 下面的，接一下来的

other：另外的

eg. Early next morning she saw a light ahead.

第二天一大早她见前面有灯光。

the next day第二天

例: We arrived in Paris on Tuesday evening. The next day we went sight seeing.

周共的晚上我们到巴黎，第二天我们去观光

the other day几天前

/a few days ago

例: I saw Mary the other day.

I saw Mary a few days ago．前几天我看见玛丽了。

She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the cliffs．On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen.

On arriving at相当于as soon as she arrived at the shore on doing sth 一…就

例: On hearing the news, she cried.

一听见这个消息，她就哭了。

On seeing the girl, he didn' t know what to say.

一看到这个女孩他就不知说什么好。

注意：

用on doing表“一就”，前提是动名词doing逻辑主语须与主句主语一致。

That was all she remembered. When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.

she found herself in hospital.

主谓宾宾补

eg. I find myself stupid．我发现自己很笨。

I found the film boring．我发现这部电影很枯燥。

I found him dishonesty．我发现他不诚实。

We found him a liar．我们发现他是个大骗子。

He is finding the trip very exciting.

他发现旅途非常刺激。

总结

文章中表方位的介词应用：

1．set out from the coast从海岸线出发

2．jump into the sea 跳进海里

3．swim to the shore 游到岸边

4．towards the light 朝着灯光

Special Difficulties

past/passed与next/other的练习：

1. I tried to telephone you the other day. You must have been out. (the other day/the next day) 我前几天给你打电话，你出去了。

2. Have you passed your driving test?(past/passed)

你通过驾驶考试了吗？

3. On the first day all went well. But on the next day there was a storm. (next70ther)

第一天还是一切正常，但是第二天就有暴风雨。

4. The crowd cheered as the soldiers marched past. (past/passed)

当士兵队伍经过的时候，人群欢呼雀跃。

l. She swam to the shore _____ night in the water.

A. having spent

B. having spending

C. when spending

D. had spent

分析：

A．现在分词的完成形式，在句子中作时间状语，表示已经完成的动作；

B．本身就是个错误搭配，在have后面应该使用过去分词，不可以出现have doing的形式：

C．当在。o。逗留的时候，不符合题义；

D．过去完成时态，是个完整的谓语动词，不能做表示时间状语。

答案：A

2. Cliffs are usually____.

A. narrow

B. wide

C. steep

D. sharp

分析：

A．窄的；B．宽的；D．尖锐的；C．陡峭的

答案选C

3. She struggled up the cliff. It wasn't___.

A. easy

B. hard

C. difficult

D. long

分析：

A这并不容易：B．艰苦的；C．困难的；D，长的。

答案选A

4. He drove fast and arrived an hour ____ schedule.

A. in advance of

B. in front of

C. in excess of

D. ahead of

分析：

A．事先，预先，在句中起副词作用，修饰动词：

B．在…前面，表示方位，空间位置上在前面：

C．超过了，通常描述程度的；D．比…提前，更早。

答案选D．

谚语

1. Bad news travels fast.

令人不快的事很快传开了（而令人愉快的事却并不那么受人注意）；坏事传得快。

2. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.

/Beauty lies in the eye of the beholder.

美不美因人而异；情人眼里出西施。