2019.11.9托福试题回忆整理(考生回忆版)
2019.11.9托福考题回忆整理
答案仅供参考
Reading
-Day Length and Flowering Plants（16年6月18日考题；植物生长受到光照影响，喜光和厌光）
-Megafauna Extinction（18年7月8日考题，基本套路，基本套路：人类过度捕杀；气候变化；小型动物对大型动物的优势）
-How Aquatic Insects Remain Unseenby Predators（16年3月19日考题；研究人员的试验目的是验证“透明的幽蚊幼虫不会被捕猎者发现，而深色的幽蚊幼虫会被捕猎者发现且吃掉”；试验步骤是将透明的和不透明的幽蚊幼虫放在同一池子，观察捕猎的鱼对它们的袭击情况是否有差异，结果确实有差异，但存在问题，有可能是不透明的幼虫比透明的幼虫更活跃，是否是活跃度的差异而非体色差别吸引了捕猎者？进一步对比试验表明，当把透明的幼虫涂上颜色和天然有色的幼虫放在一起，鱼攻击这两种幼虫的比例仍然是一样的，由此证明只是体色差别影响了捕猎者对幽蚊幼虫的攻击。之后科学家用另一种生物来研究，这种生物有8种颜色，会根据环境不同来变色伪装自己。）
-The Collapse of Copan（17年5月20日考题；第一段讲了Mayan的Copan衰落的第一个原因是国王从commerce过度索取，第二段讲了贸易的兴衰对于其影响，第三段讲了干旱的问题）
-农业起源（农业的发展是人类史上的一大进步。农业出现之前的时代称为PaleolithicAge，出现之后的时代称为Neolithic Age,人们从以收集和打猎为生转变为开始驯化作物和野生动物。探讨农业产生的原因：在农业出现之前，人们一般是定期迁徙，当气候变化导致原来的地方食物不丰富以后就迁徙到另外食物丰富的地方生活。其中一个原因是可能当食物丰富的时候，再加上可能死亡率较低导致人口增长较多，当气候变暖食物不多的时候人们积存了一部分食物可以维持一段时间，同时人们懒得迁徙，就种植作物和畜养动物来扩大食物供给来源。同时，此前人们已经有一些农业技巧，食物的缺少促进了这些技巧的更加频繁和广泛的使用。农业的产生不是一个sudden event,而是一个gradual的过程，在这段时间内，农业和hunting&gathering同时存在，目前现在有些地方仍然处在hunting&gathering的阶段。）
-美洲最早的移民（16年3月19日考题；早期人类在冰川时期从Siberia迁徙至美洲的两种路线，水路和白令海峡大陆桥，讨论了两种路线的可能性。可以参考TPO9-1Colonizing the Americas via the Northwest Coast）
-南美农业发展（可以参考Inca HighlandsAdaptation，第1段讲highlands繁荣的经济主要是以农业和畜牧业为主。第2段说高低的农业发展会遇到很多挑战例如：雨水；霜冻，冰雹；土壤肥沃程度。第3段提到当地农民发明了一些方法去解决以上问题。第一种是verticality，在不同海拔高度相邻的地方种植各种不同的作物.第4段是第二种方法，通过风干技术储存
在产量丰收年的粮食。第5段给出最后一种方法，组织一群人去较远的地方种植当地不能产的作物，等到成熟采用船运回。由此形成了各种分布较散的殖民地。）
-荷兰的捕鱼业（18年8月25日考题；荷兰捕鱼业牛逼的原因，比如有厉害的船和好的保存方法）
-北极lichen（疑似18年7月8日考题，Tundra苔原）
-电视和网络替代报纸
-鸟类的subadult plumage
词汇题：
ardent
in essence
resemble
arduous
cautious
unprecedented
acute
approximate
noticeable
ambiguous
retain
vulnerable
gigantic
be opposed to
tidy
correlated
Listening：
Conversation
-C1:学生说图书馆的彩色打印机不好使了，可能是没有墨了。图书管理员想把他调整一下饼状图的表达形式，就不需要彩色打印了。
-C2：教授跟学生讨论某个社团的运营。
-C3：学生家里开餐厅，请教教授如何定价
-C4：老师挑选能够在舞台上演出的学生创作的剧本。学生说自己参加过一个训练，所以才这么优秀，老师说学生在比赛中脱颖而出能够参与到剧本的准备中。
-C5：艺术系的学生想转专业到chemistry
Lecture
-Art：教授介绍Conceptional Art，提到了glass作为艺术和不作为艺术有其他functions。-Psychology：教授介绍functional signaling，提到了dog对声音的反应实验。
-Meteorology：教授介绍天气预报员这个职业，说天气预报对公众的影响很大，如何表达才能让公众对播报出来的天气预报信服是一门学问。教授说他们通常有良好的基础学科背景，还会定期接受培训。
-Economics：教授介绍共享经济。
-Mechanism：教授介绍了垂直轴风能发电机vertical axis wind turbine。教授一开始江了propeller wind turbine，这是几乎所有风力农场都会使用的涡轮机。但是，老师说我们学校里面要安装的是40个vertical axis wind turbine，这将提供学校里50%的路灯供电。刚开始也有反对声音，觉得它丑，但教授觉得它美，而且和周围环境建筑很和谐。当然，更重要的是，vertical axis wind turbine还有更实用的优点。
Speaking
Task1
Some people think it'sbetter to read or watch negative news than positive news.Do you agree ordisagree with this idea?
Task2
-阅读：校外小镇的local餐厅希望能刺激大家消费，采用了“折扣”的优惠手段
-听力：支持。餐馆很贵，打折让学生能够付得起吃饭。而且town很小，这对于促进餐馆生意有很大的作用
Task3
-阅读：vector transmission细菌会通过载体carrier从A植物传播到B植物上
-听力：细菌V，可以在昆虫体内存活，通过附着在植物叶子上被昆虫吃进体内，在昆虫spray 之后，再转移到另一个植物上
Task4
extra employee的好处。
一个是可以使员工数量稳定，万一有人请假也可以顶替。举了老师的例子。
还有一个是可以临时增加员工人数，忙的时候就有人帮忙了。举了景区餐馆的例子。
Writing
综合写作
米开朗基罗(Michelangelo)伪造(forged)了laocoon这个塑像。
1.他伪造过不止一个，这很可能是anot-her forged statue
2.他有一幅画和雕塑很像，被认为是作为雕像的准备稿
3.为了钱（financial motivation）
听力反驳：
1.年幼无知时(career刚开始的时候)伪造为了出名(获得大家的肯定)，出名之后不必伪造(后来大家都认为他有能力，没必要再伪造了)
2.画有两处和雕塑不同，是巧合。1.drawing是hold left arm，statue是hold right arm(具体哪个hold right/left arm忘了反正就是这个地方不同)2.—个是strengthen torso另一个是twist torso，除此之外，还是有不少地方不一样的。
3.伪造毁名声，太冒险了，没必要。买他画的人都是像国王、皇后之类的。一旦他们出售假的statue，被发现后会让米开朗基罗lost all his customers and destroy his career.
独立写作
Many moviemakers make movies based on books.Some people prefer to read the book before they watch the movie,while other people prefer to watch the movie before they read the book. Which do you prefer?（重复2017年10月28日考题）
2016年浙大考研801综合真题完美回忆版
2016浙大801经济学综合完美回忆版（西经部分+政经部分+计量简答及分析部分） 写在最前面： 自从浙大2014起便不对外公布真题，对我们考研同学来说是很痛苦的一件事，复习时也有种完全找不到路的感觉，想拿最近真题练手又无路可寻，笔者在考完后，本着为考研筒子谋福利的想法，努力回想一番，整理出了西经部分，政经部分以及计量除计算题以外的部分，希望为各位提供一定的帮助吧。 一、西经部分（100分） （一）、名词解释部分 1.需求弹性 2.价格上限 3.经济增长 4.人力资本 （二）计算部分 5.微观部分：微观考了一个求最大利润的问题，比较简单，参考意义并不大） 6.宏经考研计算题：（与2013年考研题类似） Y = C + I +G +NX C = 300 + 0.8Yd I = 200 – 1500r G = 200 NX = 100 + 0.04Y – 500r 税率：t = 0.2 L = 0.5Y – 1500r M = 550 P = 1 (1):求IS曲线 (2):求LM曲线 (3):求在商品市场和货币市场同时达到均衡下的r,Y是多少？ (4):求在均衡下的C,I,NX各为多少？ （三）简答部分 7.请简答价格歧视的条件 8.请简答通货膨胀能够造成正的产出效应的三个条件 （四）论述部分 9.请作图分析并论述在完全竞争市场下成本不变，成本递增，成本递减三种情形下行业的长期供给曲线如何形成并分析其特征。 10.请从寻找工作，最低工资，工会，效率工资四个方面来论述失业是如何形成的。 二、政经部分（50分） 简答题： 1.商品的使用价值及价值与劳动二重性之间的关系 2.政府失灵和市场失灵
托福听力改革和题型介绍
刚刚在上周末结束的托福考试中，听力成功霸占了热搜。 很多考生都反映听力太难了，本身想靠听力carry总分，结果先栽倒在听力上了。 对于打算考托福和备战托福的考生来说，听力轻松拿高分的日子已经一去不返。 托福听力改革 即将在8月份实施的托福新政里，听力的题目得到了精简。取消了一个lecture的部分，由原先的4段讲座（加试6段）变为3段（加试4段），每个部分的题目数量不变。 但是时间由原来的60分钟，遇到加试90分钟，下调至41分钟，遇到加试57分钟。原本1段讲座平均有10分钟的答题时间，时间却减少了整整将近20分钟。答题时间变得紧凑，每道题目分值增加，这就无形中增加了听力难度。 在最新版的TPO样题中，我们可以一瞥改革后的听力题型。正如改革的政策提到的，删减了一道讲座题，总题目数将至28道，平均托福听力每道做题时间由1.76分钟变为1.4分钟。 托福听力话题类型
托福听力部分包2个对话(conversation)和4段演讲(包括教室对话在内的lecture)。 每个对话涉及2个或2个以上的说话者，每个对话是2至3分钟，每个对话对应5道试题。对话都是大学校园中的非学术类场景，首个场景出现在学校办公室里。对话也许会牵涉学术内容又或是和课程要求有关。第二个场景介绍人有关学生服务的对话。 每段演讲对应6道试题。每个演讲是4至6分钟。讲座通常都是来源在老师的课堂授课。讲座也许是从教授的讲课内容，或者是学生的提问，还或者是师向学生提问并且请一位学生回答里摘录的。 托福听力题目类型 新托福听力里的大多数题目，不论是对话还是讲座，全部是用传统的四选一的选择题为主。根据《The Official Guide To The New TOEFL》即托福考试官方指南(OG)的介绍，新托福考试听力部分有八种题型，可分为以下三类： 1.内容主旨题 理解讲座或对话的主旨大意，或者对话目的。常见的提问方式有以下几种： What is the main idea of this lecture? What are the two speakers talking about? Why does the student go to see his professor? 2.判断题 是非判断题也是托福考试改革后出现的较为新颖的题型，一般是列出很多与录音材料中所提及的内容较为相似的句子，让考生辨別究竟哪些是录音材料中提到的。 以下例题是其常见的出题方式： The professor discusses how an animal becomes a fossil after its death. Indicate whether each sentence below is a step in the process. 3.细节题 听懂并记住讲座或对话中明晰的细节或事实，比如时间、数字、举例内容等。常见提问形式有: 1. What is X? 2. Which of the area does the picture illustrate?
托福(TOEFL)考试阅读模拟试题(4)
托福（TOEFL）考试阅读模拟试题（4） Questions 11-20 Philosophy in the second half of the 19th century was based more on biology and history than on mathematics and physics. Revolutionary thought drifted away from metaphysics and epistemology and shifted more towards ideologies in science, politics, and sociology. Pragmatism became the most vigorous school of thought in American philosophy during this time, and it continued the empiricist tradition of grounding knowledge on experience and stressing the inductive procedures of experimental science. The three most important pragmatists of this period were the American philosophers Charles Peirce (1839-1914), considered to be the first of the American pragmatists, William James (1842-1910), the first great American psychologist, and John Dewey (1859-1952), who further developed the pragmatic principles of Peirce and James into a comprehensive system of thought that he called “experimental naturalism”, or “instrumentalism”. Pragmatism was generally critical of traditional western philosophy, especially the notion that there are absolute truths and absolute values. In contrast, Josiah Royce (1855-1916), was a leading American exponent of idealism at this time, who believed in an absolute truth and held that human thought and the external world were unified. Pragmatism called for ideas and theories to be tested in practice, assessing whether they produced desirable or undesirable results. Although pragmatism was popular for a time in Europe, most agree that it epitomized the American faith in know-how and practicality, and the equally American distrust of abstract theories and ideologies. Pragmatism is best understood in its historical and cultural context. It arose during a period of rapid scientific advancement, industrialization, and material progress; a time when the theory of evolution suggested to many thinkers that humanity and society are in a perpetual state of progress. This period also saw a decline in traditional religious beliefs and values. As a result, it became necessary to rethink fundamental ideas about values, religion, science, community, and individuality. Pragmatists regarded all theories and institutions as tentative hypotheses and solutions.
历年托福听力考试真题下载十(原文+音频)
历年托福听力考试真题下载十(原文+音频) 为了让同学们更好地备考托福听力，下面小马编辑为大家整理了历年5月份托福听力考试真题，并附有文本和听力音频，供同学们进行下载练习。 以下是2005年5月托福听力考试真题音频: 部分 2005年5月托福听力考试真题原文如下： Part A 1. M: Do you know when the next train is I need to be at the Museum of Fine Arts by 10:30. W: Actually there is a shuttle bus at 10 that takes you directly there. And it’s only a 25-minute ride. Q: What does the woman imply 2. M: It was such a great weekend. I saw two really good movies on the play. What did you do W: What you were supposed to be doing Studying! Did you forget we have an exam today Q: What does the woman mean 3. W: So what are they supposed to be building over there Another gym M: Isn’t that where the new library is going Q: What are the speakers talking about 4. W: Do you mind if I use your computer to write a history paper Mine’s out for repairs. M: Sorry, I am in the middle of typing something and it’s gonna be a while. You know, the computer lab is still open. Q: What does the man imply the woman should do 5. M: Hi Gina, that’s a really cool watch. Where did you get it W: Well, my sister works at the jewelry store right off campus.
2017托福独立口语真题(完整版)
2017年01月07日托福口语考题回忆 Task 1 The university wants to provide student more entertainments and three choices provided below, which do you prefer and why. l A theater performance by the student actors l A concert provided by professional musician l A lecture from a professor Task 2 Friends may disagree with each other, and still maintain friendship. Do you agree with or disagree with this idea, why? 2017年01月14日托福口语考题回忆 Task 1 You will need to accomplish an assignment to do a presentation. Which will you choose? 1. Act out a scene from a play(with a partner) 2. Explain your review of a novel you recently you read 3. Read a selection of poem Task 2 Someone choose to work in a small company or organization with a few workers. Others prefer to work in a large company or organization with thousands of employees. Which do you think is better? 2017年2月18日托福口语考题回忆 Task 1 1. Which of following aspects do you think contributes most to country's success 1.many business opportunities 2.well rounded medical care system 3.a developed educational system Task 2 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? With the popularity of the technology that focuses on entertainment, people read fewer books than before. 2017年02月25日托福口语考题回忆 Task 1 Your friend will move to a school and worried about making new friends there. What kind of advice will you give him to help him make new friend in the new school? Why? Task 2 Many people prefer to read books in electronic format on a computer screen or other devices. Some other people prefer to read books on paper printed copies. Which way do you prefer? Why? 2017年02月26日托福口语考题回忆 Task 1 The student is asked to write final project about the famous Historical city Which you're located in. Which we do you choose? 1 video the famous building 2 visit the old people 3 Research and write paper
托福听力Tpo真题——动物专题
TPO Listening Exercises Subject: Animal Sciences Your Name: Your Class:
TPO1 Lecture 4 is the main topic of the lecture The types of habitats marmots prefer Methods of observing marmot behavior Feeding habits of some marmot species Differences in behavior between marmot species to the case study, why are marmots ideal for observation They do not hide from humans They reside in many regions throughout North America They are active in open areas during the day Their burrows are easy to locate the appropriate description of each marmot species' behavior to the box below the marmot's name Click on a phrase. Then drag it to the space where it belongs. One of the phrases will not be used Displays aggressive tendencies is family oriented says active during the winter reason does the professor give for the difference in marmot behaviour patterns? Type of food available The size of the population Interaction with other marmot species
六种新托福听力题型及其解题技巧
六种新托福听力题型及其解题技巧 (一六种托福听力题型易考点及其技巧点睛: 所谓最大的技巧就是“反命题”,知己知彼,才能百战不殆。想要在听力部分取得高分,不仅是在刚开始接触IBT听力时,乃至当临考的冲刺阶段在做官方样题时,也一定要将ETS 的出题思路和考核要点贯彻始终。 1、主旨题 一个段子的主旨往往出现在文章引言和开头处,而重复的最多往往一定是主旨!在听课堂演讲等学术性题目时,一定要首先把握文章最核心的主旨,主旨考题选项中过于细节的往往是错误选项; 2、功能/目的题 该题型类似于主旨题,对于任何一个长段子,首先务必要把握的是文章的主旨和结构,只有主旨确定了,才有可能去理解细节,做推断。 3、细节题 主旨题和细节题主要是考察考生对于基本信息的理解能力(basic comprehension,除此之外ETS所要考察考生的另外两种能力分别是对于语用信息的理解(pragmatic understanding和整合信息、对全文结构把握的能力(connecting information。而基本信息的理解就占到50%的比重,可见主旨题和细节题的重要性。 对于细节题,大家不要走入误区,觉得所有的细节100%会考到,所以去关注每一个小的细节点,以至于舍本逐末,只见树木,不见森林。对于细节题,大家要把握两个原则:第一、ETS只会考察我们和主旨有关的重要细节。过于偏细节的实在没有听到,大可不必惋惜,影响后面的发挥;第二,牢牢把握住往往和考点向联系的重要信号词。比如说表示因果的accordingly, thus等词对应于细节题中常考察的因果题。而常见的和信号词相关的考点有逻辑时间顺序、举例、列举、相似或者对比、转折、强调、因果、总结、定义、建议、数字等。
历年托福听力考试真题下载五(原文+音频)
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