《虞初新志·奇女子传》译文

《虞初新志·奇女子传》译文
《虞初新志·奇女子传》译文

虞初新志·奇女子传

——建昌徐芳仲光《悬榻编》译文:

这位奇女子,是丰城杨氏家的女儿,嫁给了李家的儿子为妻。谭兵围困南昌,四下里派兵掠夺青壮年男子补充兵员。此女便在战乱中被小校王某得到了。这位小校是山东人,原来已有妻子。她曲意迎奉,侍奉小校,看起来很是亲昵,还为小校生了一个儿子。

不久,小校家道渐渐败落,随军队离去了。这位女子欺骗小校的妻子道:“生活艰难,我恨不得身上长出翅膀来。”小校妻子道:“为什么?”此女答:“我前夫本是大家富族,前人遗留下来的资财十分丰厚,当初逃难时,我曾把几斛金珠子,偷偷埋藏在密室里。如今前夫已死我也被掠,房屋都烧成灰烬了,那里面的许多财宝,都和瓦片石头一同被埋没了。假如能运到这里,我和夫人您,还担心不富足吗?”小校妻子惊喜地说:“真是这样,为什么不派人去挖出财宝?”此女回答说:“财宝是我亲手埋藏的,没有人知道(地方)。”叹惜一番,也就不再提起了。有一天小校妻子又问起,此女道:“我当然也谋划过这事,想要拿到这财宝,非得我去不可。我是一介妇人,哪能远行?必定要改扮男装,来回还要几个月,可我这呱呱待哺的孩子,怎么能抛下那么久呢?”小校妻子一听,大喜过望,说:“你尽管去,这孩子我亲自抚养他。”这女子故意做出眷恋不舍的样子,小校妻子愈发殷勤地怂恿她出发。她才选好日子,松开发笄剃了头发,穿上戎装,腰带弓箭长刀,带着两个健壮随从,打马直奔南方去了。

渡过章江后,离家还有几十里路,他们便在旅店中歇息。这位奇女子用美酒宴请两个壮汉,把他们都灌醉,夜里她偷偷起身杀了他们。她骑直马急驰回乡里,用马鞭

敲打着家门大喊。她的丈夫从窗缝里偷窥,看到是一位少年将军,不敢开门出来。乡里几位老人家,慢慢近前询问。此妇道:“另有要事,不关各位的事。”门开了,奇女子把马儿安置在中堂里,像男子一样踞坐(坐时两脚底和臀部着地,两膝上耸)着要找她从前的丈夫出来,呼喝的声音很是严厉。乡邻怀疑有什么隐情,担心受到牵连,一起催她的丈夫出来。她的丈夫弓着身子上来拜见,跪伏在地上不敢起来。奇女子道:“看我熟悉吗?”丈夫答说:“死一万次也不敢冒认将军啊。”此女道:“你试着认一认我。”她的丈夫推辞,直说不敢不敢,悄悄侧目偷瞧几眼,也是一片茫然,不知道该怎么办的样子。此女叹道:“真的认不出我了!”于是推桌几上前扶起丈夫,痛哭道:“我不是别人,是我,是你那被掠走的杨家妾侍啊!”她祥细述说了她改扮男装巧计逃脱的情形,一时间震动了整个乡里。亲戚乡邻挤满门前,祝贺李氏的儿子重得此女。

此事被报给了县令,县令为她发了官文奖赏她。乡绅贤士们,大多称赞此女的义德与谋略,相继为她做了很多诗歌,赞美她,都感叹:“奇女子啊!奇女子!”。这是甲午年间的事。

评论:《易经》上说:“妇人的义德,在于从一而终”。那驿馆前的节妇,因为被人拉了手腕的小问题,拿起刀斧砍断了自己的手臂;她肯忍受被劫掠的屈辱,为那掠走她的生养孩子吗?女人这样做,已称不上贞节了。然而人世情理,在于离得近就易相亲相爱,离得远了就更容易疏远,乃至忘掉。她一介柔弱女子,流落异乡,远隔千山万水,按说势必难以回来重聚了;她却能奇计巧出,逃出囚笼,远扬千里,玩弄那小校妻子如转动圆丸,杀掉凶徒如折断枯枝,她的大智大勇,却有男子汉也做不到的!那吟咏“单台柳”的柳氏借勇士之助得以夫妻重聚,乐昌公主夫妇借破开的镜子得以破镜重圆,那柔柔弱弱的样子,跟此妇相比谁得胜一筹呢?女子能做到这般,不称她

奇女子是不行的了。从前盱郡之变时,乡里有位船工,被乱兵抓住,为他们驾船,船上载着掠来的十几个女人,都打扮得漂漂亮亮的,笑语不断,没有一点悲伤憔悴的样现在脸上。船工走开后叹息不已。还有某村一位少女被一位武官掠得,她的太夫探清消息,想尽办法进去见她,要用重金赎她回来。这少妇看到丈夫,瞪着眼睛道:“这人不是我丈夫!”她的丈夫惊惶逃走,差点丢了性命。情移心变,原来又可变得如此厉害。更何况世间得新弃旧,仇视原来的丈夫、不肯再看丈夫一眼的女子难道少吗?难道柳宗元先生所写的“河间妇”,从过去就一直是这样的吗?

有人说:“女子不忘丈夫,这是对的;但舍弃自己的孩子,难道就忍心吗?”东海生说:“这正是‘奇’的地方。没有这个儿子就难以取信于小校的妻子,也就不可能再见到原来的丈夫了。奴仆生养的孩子,便是仆役之子。世人不能成为奇女子这样的人,都是因为他们有舍不了的。此女用金珠诱惑了小校的妻子,计谋奇巧;一介女子却能戎装远行,胆量奇大;乘夜灌醉并杀死两个壮汉,手段奇狠;回到家中不急着认夫,随意踞坐吓唬他,然后哭着相认,从头到尾谋定而后动,也令人称奇。然而特别令人稀奇的便在于她能舍弃自己的孩子。大概正因为她能舍弃,所以才能取得最后的结果吧?

张山来说:“拙庵先生的议论很全面了。最妙的是她在小校随军出发后,才开始她的计谋。若不是这样,那小校必定会随她同行了。

附原文供参考:

奇女子者,丰城杨氏女,归李氏子为妇。谭兵围南昌,游骑四出,掠丁男实军。妇为小校王某所得。校山东人,故有妻;妇曲意事之,甚见昵,已生一子矣。

亡何,校家渐落,从军去。妇诡语妻曰:“生事萧条,恨不身生羽翼。”妻曰:“何也?”妇曰:“妾故夫本大家,先世遗资良厚,当播越时,曾以金珠数斛,潜瘗密室。今夫死妾掳,栋宇皆烬,此中重宝,瓦石同没。使得徙而之此,妾与夫人,何患不富乎?”妻艳之曰:“果尔,盍遣人发之?”妇曰:“此妾手营,无人识也。”嗟惜而罢。他

日妻又问,妇曰:“妾固筹之,欲得此金,非妾行不可。妾妇人,安能远出?必易服,往还且数月,而此呱呱,何堪久掷?”妻大喜曰:“第行耳,若子吾自抚之。”妇故绻恋不肯,妻恿愈力,乃择日释笄薙辫,鞾袴腰弓刀,从两健儿,跃马而南。

渡章江,去家数十里,止逆旅。以醇酒饮两健儿,皆醉,夜潜起骈馘之。驰骑至里,以马策挝家门大叫。夫从牖罅瞷视,见是少年将军,不敢出。里老数辈,稍前谒问。妇曰:“别有勾当,不关公等。”门启,妇歇马中堂,踞坐索故夫,呼叱甚厉。里中疑有他故,恐相累,共促夫出。夫伛偻前谒,伏地不敢起。妇曰:“颇识吾否?”夫对曰:“万死不能识将军。”妇曰:“试认之。”夫谢不敢,侧目微睇,惘然失措。妇叹曰:“真不识矣!”于是推几前抱夫起,痛哭曰:“妾非他,妾,君被掠杨氏妇也。”具述其易装巧脱状,一时喧动里中。亲识更阗门,贺李氏子再得妇。

事闻邑令,为给牒奖许。绅士之贤者,多妇义略,相率为诗歌美之,皆曰:“奇女子!奇女子!”云。此甲午年事。

论曰:《易》有之:“妇人之义,从一而终”。邮亭之妇,以引腕小嫌,举刀自断其臂;其肯隐忍驱掠,为厮养生子乎?女行如此,节不足称矣。然人之情,于近则昵之,所远则益疏而掷之。妇巾帼婉弱,异地飘堕,以数千里雨绝星分,势无回合;乃能谲谋幻出,弭耳豢槛之中,飏翮绦笼之外,弄愚妇如转丸,剪凶雏若折朽,其深智沉勇,有壮男子不办者矣!彼台柳之假手虞候,乐昌之乞怜半镜,奄奄气色,视此孰多乎?女子如此,不谓之奇不可也。往盱郡之变,里中有长年,为卒絷驾一舟,舟所载掠得妇十数人,膏首袨服,笑语吃吃,无有几微惨悴见颜面者。长年退而叹息。而某村少妇归一弁,夫闻,百计营入,以重金求赎。妇见夫,瞠目曰:“此非吾夫!”夫骇走,几于不免。盖情迁腹变,其甚者又如此矣!且天下之得新捐故,仇其夫不肯一顾者岂少乎?抑如柳先生所传河间妇者,自昔已如是耶?

或曰:“女子不忘夫,是矣。而舍其子,无乃忍乎?”东海生曰:此所以奇也。非是子无以信其妻,而故夫不可见矣。厮养之子,奚子也。世之不能为女子者,皆其不能舍者也。女子之以金珠艳其妻,想奇;巾帼而介胄,胆奇;夜醉馘两健儿,手奇;抵家不遽识夫,踞而骇之,而后哭之,始终结撰,亦无不奇。然尤更奇于舍其子。夫唯其能舍,斯所以能取也欤?

[张山来曰:拙庵之论备矣。尤妙在小校从军去后,始露其谋。设非然者,则小校必偕之而行矣。]

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