北师大版高中英语选修六第9讲：Unit18 Beauty-语法篇(教师版)

Unit 18 Beauty 语法篇

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1、掌握并区分used to与would的区别和用法。

2、掌握限定词的区别和用法。

一. used to和would

1. used to的用法

used to意为“过去常常”，其中to是动词不定式符号，后面接动词原形，表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作但现在已经结束，只能用于一般过去时，含有较强的“今昔对比”的意味。

I used to enjoy gardening, but I don’t have time for it now.我过去喜爱园艺，但现在没时间弄了。

误区警示：

①在疑问句中或否定句中，可以有两种形式。

Used you to go to the same school?

= Did you use to go to the same school? 你们曾经就读同一所学校吗？

He usedn't to smoke. = He didn't use to smoke. 他过去不经常抽烟。

②在反意疑问句和简略答语中也有两种形式。

John used to be a policeman, didn't he?

= John used to be a policeman, usedn't he? 约翰过去是名警察，是吗？

---Used you to go to school in Australia? 你曾经在澳大利亚上过学吗？

---Yes, I did./ Yes, I used to. 是的，我上过。

2. would的用法

①would是will的过去式，表示过去的“意志、意愿”，可用于多种人称。

They said that they would help us. 他们说他们愿意帮助我们。

I promised that I would do my best. 我答应我会尽我所能。

②would指的是现在的时间时，表示说话人的意愿或向对方提出请求，语气比will委婉，也可表示委婉地提出看法、请求、建议等。

I would like to have a try. 我想试一试。

Would you like me to carry it for you? 我帮你拿好吗？

I'm afraid the journey would be too expensive. 我恐怕这次旅行的费用太高了。

③表示过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。

On Sundays he would come and work with us those days. 那些日子每到星期日他总会来和我们一起劳动。

On summer evenings they would sit out in the garden. 夏天的晚上他们经常坐在外面的花园里。

④用在虚拟语气中。

If you had come earlier, you would have seen him. 如果你早来一点儿，你就能见到他。

3. used to与would的用法比较

①相同点：两者都表示过去习惯性或经常性的动作或行为，常可换用。

When we were children, we used to/would go skating every winter. 我们小时候每年冬天都去滑冰。

②不同点：

a. would主要表示与过去另一段时间相比，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，意为“总要，总是”；used to主要表示与现在的时间相比，意为“过去常常”。

He would come to me when he was in trouble. 他有困难时总是来找我。

I used to get up early. 我以前经常早起。（现在不早起了）

b. used to还可与状态动词连用，表示过去的状态，而would则不可以。

She used to be a quiet girl. 她以前是个文静的女孩。

不可以说：She would be a quiet girl.

c. would表示过去反复的动作，如果某一动作没有反复性，只能用used to。

He was so busy that he would work into the night. （具有反复性）他过去很忙，以至于总是工作到深夜。

I used to live in Beijing. （没有反复性）我过去住在北京。

二. 限定词

1. 冠词的用法

冠词分为定冠词the和不定冠词a/an两类。定冠词表特指，不定冠词表泛指。

①第一次提到某事；提到某个特定的人或物无关紧要，如将该人或该物作为u去哪里或类别的例子时用a或an。例如：

There is a new shop assistant in the bakery. 面包店有一个新的店员。

Can I have an orange? 我可以要一个橘子吗？

②当对方确切地知道并能够比较容易地辨认所提到的人或物时用the。例如：

Let's have breakfast outside in the garden. 我们到外面的花园里吃早餐吧。

③以下是一些冠词的习惯搭配：

a. 习惯用定冠词的情况

b. 习惯用不定冠词的情况

2. some, any, no作定语的用法

①some, any, no都可用作定语，some和any表示“一些”，no（= not any/not a）表示“没有”。

Ask some boys to help you. 找些男孩来帮助你。

Are there any cows in the field? 田野里有些奶牛吗？

Wilson has no car. 威尔逊没有小汽车。

Please bring some coffee and cream. 请带来一些咖啡和奶油。

Haven't you had any work to do? 你难道没有什么工作可做吗？

There won't be any trouble. 不会有麻烦。

②any可表示“任何（一个）”。

Come any day you like. 你想哪天来都行。

We did the work without any difficulty. 我们做这项工作没有任何困难。

③no可表示“没有任何”。

He made no comment. 他未作任何评论。

3. 限定词的用法比较

①many与much的用法比较

many与much表示“许多”，多用在疑问句或否定句中，也可用在肯定句中修饰主语，还可和too, so 等词一起用。many修饰可数名词复数，much修饰不可数名词。

Do you know many people in London? 在伦敦你认识许多人吗？

There are too many mistakes in your exercises. 你的练习里错误太多。

I never saw so many swans on the lake. 我从未看见过湖上有这么多天鹅。

I've got too much work to do. 我要做的工作太多了。

How much rent do you pay? 你付多少房租？

The English do not drink much wine. 英国人不喝很多酒。

②few, a few, little与a little的用法比较

few, little表示否定意义，意为“几乎没有，很少”；a few, a little表示肯定意义，意为“有些，有几个”；few, a few修饰可数名词；little, a little修饰不可数名词。

There are few people in the street. 街上人很少。

He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。

Could I have a few words with you? 我能和你说几句话吗？

He has a few grey hairs. 他有几根白头发。

He can get little help from them. 他不能从他们哪里得到什么帮助。

She has a little cold. 她有点儿感冒。

She had a little conversation with me. 她和我谈了一会儿话。

③all与each的用法比较

all表示“所有得，整个”；each表示“每一个”。

All roads lead to Rome. （谚）条条大路通罗马。

All the children there are under seven. 那里所有得孩子都不到7岁。

He goes to see her each afternoon. 他每天下午都去看她。

Each boy gets a prize. 每个男孩都得到了一份奖品。

④both与either的用法比较

both指“两者都”；either指“两者中的任何一个”。

That is the trouble with both his children. 他的两个孩子都有那个问题。

You may go by either road. 你走（两条路中）哪条路都行。

⑤other与another的用法比较

other表示“另外的，别的，其他的”；another表示“另一（个），有一（个），再”。

There are other ways of doing these exercises. 还有别的办法来做这些练习。

Have you got any other book(s) on this subject? 你有关于这个题目的其他书吗？

She is painting another portrait. 她在画另一幅人物画像。

There is another way of looking at the question. 还有另外一种办法来看待这个问题。

学法点拨：

another还可以和某些数词一起用，表示“还，再”的美好。

I've got another three minutes. 我还有3分钟。

The strike may last another six weeks. 罢工可能还要持续6个星期。

4. 与数量有关的词用作限定词

与数量有关的词大体上可包含这些词：

①许多和数量有关的代词和限定词，如some, many, much, few等。

②各种数词，如two, a third等。

③名词与of构成的表数量的短语，如plenty of, a number of, an amount of等。

④某些与数量有关的形容词，如several, enough, whole, half等。

⑤某些与数量有关的名词，如foot, mile, year, dozen等。

⑥某些与数量有关的合成词，如five-dollar, three-leg等。

⑦某些词组的所有格，如nine months'..., two weeks'...等。

例1.（2019 新课标全国高考I）The door __ __ open, no matter how hard she pushed.

A. shouldn't

B. couldn't

C. wouldn't

D. mightn't

解析：句意：无论她怎么用力推，这扇门就是打不开。wouldn't在用于表示过去的否定句中时，表示拒绝，可译未为“不肯/愿意，总是不”等，符合句意。shouldn't不该；couldn't不能；mightn't可能不。

答案：C。

例 2.（2019 山东高考）They made up their mind that they ___ __ a new house one Larry changed jobs.

B. would buy

C. have bought

D. had bought

解析：句意：他们下定决心，一旦拉里换了工作，他们就买所新房子。考查动词时态。根据主句中的关键词made可知该题的语境是发生在过去的，同时once引导的条件状语从句中的changed这一动作还未发生，用的是一般过去时表示过去将来时，所以主句应该用过去将来时，即would buy。

答案：B。

例3.（2019 四川高考）I still remember my happy childhood when my mother __ __ take me to Disneyland at weekends.

A.might

B.must

C.would

D.should

解析：句意：我仍旧记得快乐的童年，那时我妈妈在周末总是带我去迪斯尼乐园。考查情态动词。would总是，符合句意。might或许，可能；must必须，一定；should应该。

答案：C。

例4.（2019 浙江高考）The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days __ __ week, often long into __ __ night.

A.a; the

B.the; 不填

C.a; a

D.不填; the

解析：句意：论文下个月就到期了，我每天工作七天，经常工作到深夜。考查不定冠词“每一”和定冠词在固定短语中的用法。“每周七天”要用seven days a/per/every week；long into the night为固定搭配，意为“到深夜”。

例5.（2019 天津高考）Life is like __ __ ocean: Only __ __ strong-willed can reach the other shore.

A. an; the

B. the; a

C. the; /

D. /; a

解析：句意：生活像一片海洋：只有意志坚强的人能到达彼岸。考查冠词的基本用法。第一个空an 表示泛指，指生活像一片海洋；第二个空用“定冠词the + 形容词”表示一类人，此处the strong-willed 表示“意志坚强的人”。

答案：A。

基础演练

一. 用would或used to填空。

1. After the accident, we are more concerned with the safety of school buses than we __ __ __ be.

2. We __ __ __ see each other regularly, but I haven't heard from him since last year.

3. In those days, after daybreak the old woman __ __ __ sit at the gate for hours, waiting for her son to return from the front.

4. He __ __ __ go to the park as soon as he was free.

5. There __ __ __ be a coffee shop here and my uncle __ __ __ go to the coffee shop accompanied by his wife after work every day.

Keys:

1. used to,

2. used to,

3. would,

4. would,

5. used to; would

二. 单项选择。

1. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _____ _ more places of interest yesterday.

A. visited

B. had visited

C. would visit

D. would have visited

2. If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he _____ _ able to speak it much better.

A. will be

B. would be

C. has been

D. would have been

3. Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but _____ _ say where he was.

A. mustn't

B. shouldn't

C. wouldn't

D. mightn't

4. There _____ _ a lot of local mines in the south, but many of them have been closed or are to be closed.

A. use to

B. used to be

C. used to have

D. would

5. ---Your daughter is really outgoing.

---She _____ _ be very shy. Whenever a stranger came to our house, she _____ _ hide in a closet.

A. ought to; must

B. can; might

C. used to; would

D. should; might

6. He doesn't have _____ _ furniture in his room---just an old desk.

A. any

B. many

C. some

D. much

7.（2019 陕西高考）_____ _ village where I was born has grown into _____ _ town.

A. The; a

B. A; the

C. The; the

D. A; a

8. （2019 江西高考）They chose Tom to be _____ _ captain of the team because they knew he was

_____ _ smart leader.

A. a; the

B. the; the

C. the; a

D. a; a

9. ---Would you like to go and watch a basketball match this weekend with us?

---I'm sorry, but I've got _____ _ plans.

A. other

B. another

C. some

D. more

10. The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at _____ _ chemist's.

A. each

B. some

C. certain

D. any

Keys:

1-10 DBCBC DACAD

巩固提高

一. 填空。

冠词填空：

1. He missed __ __ __ gold in the high jump, but will get __ __ __ second chance in the long jump.

2. Being able to afford __ __ __ drink would be __ __ __ comfort in those tough times.

选词填空(either/neither/none)：

3. Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but __ __ __ of them wants to, because they have work to do.

4. My brother would like to buy a good watch but __ __ __ was available in that shop.

5. There are two apples on the table. One is for you, the other is for your sister. You can take __ __ __ of them.

Keys: 1. the; a 2. a; a 3. neither 4. none 5. either

二. 单项选择。

1.（2019 安徽高考）People are recycling many things which they _____ away in the past.

A. had thrown

B. will be throwing

C. were throwing

D. would have thrown

2. My daughter _____ _ like chocolates, but now she likes fruits.

A. used to

B. would

C. could

D. might

3. In London, after dinner I _____ _ do some walking.

A. used to

B. could

C. would

D. might

4. "I _____ _ do anything for our country," said the soldier.

A. can

B. could

C. used to

D. would

5. Life here is much easier than it _____ _.

A. used to

B. used to be

C. would be

D. would to be

6.（2019 重庆高考）I can't tell you _____ _ way to the Wilsons' because we don't have _____ _ Wilson here in the village.

A. the; a

B. a; /

C. a; the

D. the; /

7. Sam has been appointed _____ _ manager of the engineering department to take _____ _ place of

George.

A. /; /

B. the; /

C. the; the

D. /; the

8. I've lived in New York and Chicago, but don't like _____ _ of them very much.

A. either

B. any

C. each

D. another

9. It's an either-or situation---we can buy a new car this year or we can go on a holiday but we can't do _____ _.

A. others

B. either

C. another

D. both

10. ---Would you like _____ _, sir?

---No, thanks. I have had much.

A. some more oranges

B. any more oranges

C. some more orange

D. any more orange

Keys：

1-10 DACDB ADADC

一. 单项选择。

1. ---I weigh less than I ________.

---Congratulations!

A. got used to

B. used to be

C. used to

D. was used to

2. In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than __ _____.

A. that used to be

B. it is used to be

C. it was used to be

D. it used to be

3. When my aunt was there, she ________ go to the coffee shop at the street corner after work every day.

A. could

B. would

C. might

D. had better

4. We are said to be living in __ _____ Information Age, __ _____ time of new discoveries and great changes.

A. an; the

B. /; the

C. /; a

D. the; a

5. Being able to afford __ _____ drink would be __ _____ comfort in those tough times.

A. the; the

B. a; a

C. a; /

D. /; a

6. Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but __ _____ say where he was.

A. mustn't

B. shouldn't

C. wouldn't

D. mightn't

7. This area experienced __ _____ heaviest rainfall in __ _____ month of May.

A. /; a

B. a; the

C. the; the

D. the; a

8. You may drop in or just give me a call. __ _____ will do.

A. Either

B. Each

C. Neither

D. All

9. ---Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, sir?

--- __ _____ one?

A. Other

B. Another

C. Every

D. More

10. The parents were shocked by __ _____ news that their son needed __ _____ operation on his knee.

A. a; /

B. the; /

C. a; an

D. the; an

11. They don't come to the book club any more, for __ _____ reasons or other.

A. some

B. all

C. either

D. both

12. I'll spend half of my holiday practicing English and __ _____ half learning drawing.

A. another

B. the other

C. other's

D. other

13. Apart from the blood that belonged to the three people, the detectives found only __ _____ clue.

A. one other

B. one another

C. other on

D. another one

14. Four and __ _____ half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and __ _____ break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar.

A. a; a

B. the; the

C. /; the

D. a; /

15. People develop __ _____ preference for a particular style of learning at __ _____ early age and these preferences affect learning.

A. a; an

B. a; /

C. /; the

D. the; an

Keys:

1-15 CDBDB CCABD ABAAA

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一.根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

A

Although many Chinese students say that their knowledge of English grammar is good, most would admit that their spoken English is poor. Whenever I speak to a Chinese student, they always say, “My spoken English is poor.” 1 . I would like to suggest that there may be some reasons for their problems with spoken English.

First, they fail to find suitable words to express themselves due to a limited vocabulary. 2 . However, you can speak with a limited vocabulary, if you choose a positive attitude. Others will follow you as long as you use the words that you know.

3 . Sometimes they make mistakes when they are speaking because they are shy and nervous. Yet students should remember that their goal should be FLUENCY NOT ACCURACY. Your aim in writing is to be accurate following the rules for grammar and using the right words and spelling them correctly. However, in speaking your aim is fluency. You want to get your message across, to talk to someone in English, as quickly and as well as you can, even though sometimes you may use a wrong word or tense, but it doesn’t matter.

4 .

The third reason is that not enough attention is paid to listening. You have one mouth but two ears! All that hearing is necessary for you to start speaking.

Fourth, most Chinese students are reactive rather than proactive (主动的) language learners. Instead of actively seeking out opportunities to improve their spoken English they passively wait for speaking opportunities to come to them and wonder why their English always remains poor. 5 .

A. The person you are speaking to will understand you and make allowances for any mistakes he hears.

B. They may try to avoid making similar mistakes next time.

C. Obviously the better answer is to expand their vocabulary.

D. If you have this proactive outlook, then you will see English opportunities wherever you go.

E. However, their spoken English does not have to remain “poor”!

F. Second, they are afraid of making mistakes.

G. The second reason lies in the reluctance of using what has just been learned.

B

Can you imagine your parents choosing your husband or wife for you? And can you imagine not setting eyes on him or her until your wedding day? This situation is common in India, the Middle East and many parts of Africa. 6 . We don't realize that people in other places often get married in very different ways ---and with different motives（动机）.

7 . A marriage provides a safe and stable home for the husband and wife. It also joins two families, which benefits the couple's parents and makes them happy. Marriage also brings children, making sure the couple will be taken care of in old age. Because a marriage is important for the whole family, some cultures don't let young people choose whom to marry.

Just as there are many different reasons for marriage, there are also many different wedding rituals（仪式）. 8 . In a typical Western wedding, the bride seeks good luck by wearing "something old, something new, something borrowed and something blue." Something old represents the past. Something new represents success in the future. Something borrowed reminds the bride she can get help from her friends and family. 9 .

In Poland, one wedding tradition is not only lucky, but also very practical. The wedding guests pin money to the bride's dress while she is dancing. The money is meant to bring luck and to help the young couple build their new life. In Bermuda, the young couple plants a tree in the yard of their new home. Once they move in, they take good care of the tree, making it grow and blossom. The planting of the tree is a good metaphor（隐喻）for marriage. 10 .

A. Every culture has its own ways of bringing good luck to the happy couple.

B. A truly good marriage is something that grows with care.

C. In the United States, parents do not arrange marriages for their children.

D. And something blue reminds her to be true to her husband.

E. Marriage customs around the world often differ from our own.

F. In many countries, marriage is a practical matter.

G. Different countries have different cultures.

1-5 ECFAD 6-10. EFADB

二. 书面表达。

最近的一项研究表明，北京大约有50%的青少年没有吃早餐的习惯。请根据以下内容用英语写一篇题为“Top Meal of the Day” 的短文刊登在21st Century上。

原因：

1. 晚上学习太晚，不吃早餐可多睡一会儿；

2. 家长太忙无暇顾及，给钱让孩子自己解决；

3. 一些女孩子为保持苗条身材不吃早餐。

结果：

1. 课上整天想睡觉；

2. 注意力下降；

3. 考试成绩不理想。

建议：

1. 早餐不可少，它提供全天所需能量的30%，且有助于创造思维；

2. 青少年健康应从早餐抓起。

注意：

1. 短文须包括所有要点，可以适当增加情节，使内容连贯；

2. 词数：120左右；

3. 参考词汇：苗条的slim；创造性的creative。

Top Meal of the Day

参考范文：

Top Meal of the Day

A recent study shows that nearly 50 percent of the school kids in Beijing do not have breakfast. They tend to feel sleepy all day and have bad memories, so it is hard for them to get high marks in all kinds of

Some students who study late into the night choose to miss breakfast so that they can have a few extra minutes in bed. Others are given money to buy their breakfast on the way to school because their parents are too busy to prepare it for them. In addition, a few school girls want to stay slim and often go to school without breakfast.

In fact, the morning meal play s an important part. It can provide 30 percent of the whole day’s energy. For a creative mind and better judgment, school kids should start their days with a regular breakfast.