托福三月机经 口语综合任务答案

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3

A student wrote a letter to suggest school building an electronic bulletin board at the student center to ensure that students can get information about coming up events easily rather than acquire news at different places on campus by posters. Meanwhile, the school will become clean and neat without those posters on the wall.

The woman in the conversion doesn’t believe the bulletin board can achieve the goals. That is because students have classes all-over the campus and it’s easier for them to get news from different locations on campus. Therefore they would miss some notices if they do not go to the student’s center. Besides students will still do posters any way, since most of them would not like to submit the information and wait for its publicity on the board.

4

Negative ideation refers to the method used by people to resist desires by adding something negative. People addict to something at first, then when they are aware of that they should overcome it, they will use the method of negative ideation as no other useful ways. In the lecture, the professor gives an example: he loves chocolate bar because it is tasty, but chocolate is not good since it will produce too much sugar in blood. So he used the method of negative ideation to refuse chocolate. And then, whenever he wanted to buy chocolate bar he would think it was associated with mud which is the mixture of dirt and water to reduce the temptation. By using this way, finally, the professor stopped buying chocolate

bar to eat.

5

The man’s problem is that he arranged a singing group performance but he did not submit the announcement to the school’s newspaper before the deadline. Now, he is worrying about there won’t be many students coming to see the performance. The woman provides him two possible solutions. The first solution is to postpone the performance to next week. Another solution is to notice students by putting up posters at different locations on campus. I would suggest him to take the second solution. Because students having classes all over the campus may easily acquire the news of the performance. Besides if he postpones and rearranges the performance, it is not easy to book the music hall again.

6

The lecture introduces two benefits that wetland may provide for animals. Firstly, wetland is good for nursery. For example, sharks lay eggs in wetlands close to the ocean, because wetlands are shallow there. There are not many predators, and baby sharks can grow safely in the wetlands and survive in the ocean later. Secondly wetland provides animals a place to have rest and find food. Take immigrating birds as an example, during the journey of immigration, they may stop at a wetland to find the food which is as same as the one they can find in the past. That is because wetland is home to an abundant variety of plants, water bugs, reptiles, birds, fish, frogs and mammals.

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3

The school is going to change the first-year student’s biology course into study groups in order to help students to master learning strategies as well as meeting new friends.

The woman in the conversion disagrees with the proposal. That is because most of the students have already known how to study efficiently. Group study would waste too much time, lower the efficiency. Besides, those students who are having lesson s in the same classroom will become friends sooner or later. Thus, there’s no need for the school to do so.

4 animals change group size under different circumstances（无详细资料）

可能有的单词：Orangutan猩猩Baboon 狒狒Gorilla 大猩猩

5

One of the speakers hurt his back in the process of moving furniture. But he is still working in the bookstore, porting heavy materials to shelves. So he wants to have another kind of job. Here are two solutions. First one, keeping working in bookstore but applying for another position, like being the cashier. Another solution is to quit the job in bookstore and have jobs like washing plates in cafeteria. I would suggest him to take the first solution because I think if the man can talk with manager about his problem; the manager may understand and help him since going on the previous job will deteriorate his sore of back. Besides,

he has to buy books to read but not reading in bookstore free when he works in cafeteria. Meanwhile, the man concerns that the payments in cafeteria are not the same as those in bookstore. So these are my views about the man’s problem.

6

In the lecture, the professor introduces two ways used to form the stability of society.

One is people have the same kind of job. Another is people join in various jobs. For the first type, people will have many things in common. For example, they wll have same schedule for working and resting. Besides, they can have the same focuses. These similarities will form the uniformity and not affect each other. For the second type, people differ each other in many aspects. They embark various jobs. This means they make a multitude of contributions for society. Meanwhile, there will be a mutual reliance existing among people. So this way is also helpful to form a stable society.

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3

The school newspaper decides to cancel the news comment section because students can find similar content on the school website where they can download free information. Also few students are willing to write serious comments. The woman disagrees with this proposal. Because, it is convenient to buy and read school newspaper, and many students like to mark key the points and make news clippings. Another reason the woman thinks the plan unreasonable is that she believes the students should get paid so that more students will be willing to write serious comments and it will help form campus atmosphere to discuss serious issues. 4

Priming refers to a kind of implicit memory effects that can increase people’s sensitivity towards certain aspects of life and affect people’s judgments to come extent. The lecturer uses an example to illustrative the term. When a man got on the bus and started to take some notes, a girl who had just graduated from college quickly reached a conclusion that he was a student who was dealing with some academic problems. On the contrary, another girl who saw the man regarded him as a writer. This was probably because she had just published her own book of poetry, so she tended to think of others as poets making drafts.

5

The woman’s p roblem is she was planning to watch the concert tonight, but she hasn’t finished her assignment due tomorrow. The man in the conversation provides her two solutions. The first solution is to finish the task after watching the

show and another solution is to cancel the show plan. In my opinion, it is better for her to cancel the original plan and choose to accomplish her assignment on time. Anyway, it is a student’s duty to put learning as top priority when making a decision. As far her concern about tickets, she can release a notice on the campus forum to sell the tickets at a lower price. I am sure some students would be willing to make the deal.

6

The lecture talks about how maternal care affects the development of offspring and the speaker uses one experiment to illustrate the topic. A research conducted in Montreal studied, two groups of mother rats. One group demonstrated more intense care for their rat pups, being more likely to lick and groom their young than the comparison group. When these young pups became adults, they were made to perform in some tests, for instance, looking for a hidden object in a labyrinth. The result is, those rats receiving more mother care appeared to be quicker learners and displayed more curiosity than their neglected counterparts. In short, with more mother care in childhood, adult rats have more confidence to face reality.

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3

The school is going to hire a famous director helping students with spring musical. In this case, students can learn a lot from him and his reputation may attract more students to watch the show.

The woman disagrees with this proposal. That is because the director might be too busy to pay much attention on the performance. He can only come to school once a week. Besides, he is famous in his own field, students from other departments haven’t heard much about him. So they would hardly be attracted by his reputation.

4背景材料（来自互联网）：

Past research has found that secondhand information (i.e., information acquired from external sources) preceding consumer experience can have a powerful effect on the experience; it has also suggested that secondhand information following consumer experience can cause consumers to reevaluate the earlier experience. The lecture talks about "backward framing “which refers that secondhand information can have a powerful effect on the people's experience. The professor uses an experiment to illustrate this phenomenon. A group of people drink the sample coffee which has salt and vinegar in without any conscious of that, then they've been showed an AD which stated that this coffee was excellent tasty. In the end, all the people in this group claims that this coffee is as good as the AD said. That is to say, people tend to reevaluate the earlier experience under the influence of other people.

5

The woman’s problem is that she has planned to take a group of kids to visit museum, but tour guide got very sick. And there are two solutions for her to choose. She can easier guide those kids by herself or reschedule the visit. I would suggest her guiding the kids on her own, since she can preview some information about the museum exhibits. Besides, reschedule the visit may cause much inconvenience, because she has to make new reservation with the museum to arrange the tickets as well as get permissions from parents.

6讲动物protect自己的两种进化：structure和 behavior。方法1、structure 改變身體的部份來適應環境或是防禦掠食者：是develop body shape。好处2、behavior改變自身的行為來騙過掠食者：是装死。举例：某动物会装死。

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3

The school’s library is going to limit the number of the borro wed books. That is because if students borrow too many books once a time, they will not have time to read all of them. Also some students do not return books on time and even lose them.

The woman in the conversation disagrees with this proposal. Because, she’s goanna use lots of books when she’s doing her research paper. She needs twenty reference books to complete her research at one time. She also thinks that the school’s library don’t trust students. She always returns the book on time. Besides, she doe sn’t lose books instead of taking good care of them.

4

Vertical migration is a stratagem to avoid threat of predators and to find food. In the lecture, the professor takes the squid for example to illustrate this stratagem. The squid sinks in the water bottom in the day time in order to avoid predators. But at night the squid rises to the water surface to find food.

5

The woman’s problem is that she wants to select creative writing course of a famous professor, but the professor chooses the students by acquiring them to write a short story. The woman has no time to write it. The man provides her two possible solutions. The first solution is to write a short story immediately. Another solution is to hand in a poem that was published before. I would suggest h er to take the first solution, because the form of the poem doesn’t meet with

the professor’s requirement. Besides writing a short story doesn’t spend much time. And the woman still got four days to prepare for the exam.

6

The lecture introduces two ways to keep fire from die out. Early people can use fire to keep warm and frighten the animals. Firstly, the early people learn the technique and knowledge to add wood to keep the fire burning. Secondly, people take turns to watch the fire by adding wood.

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3,学校要在宿舍开餐厅，有利于大家交流学习也给大家提供另外一个吃饭的地方

4

-----refers to a method used to attract consumers. Advertiser often have a mold for their products. By doing this, consumers won’t be confused with the complex operations and buy it. In the lecture, the professor gives an example: the professor didn’t tend to buy a cream-making machine at the very beginning because learning to operate is complicated. But one day, when she saw an advertisement that listed the steps of operations in details. She felt it was very easy to make ice cream by using this merchanism. So the professor bought the cream-making. Obviously, the advertisement molding plays an important role in the process. Task5

The woman needs to have her works exhibit tonight at the art gallery, which will last 2 months, but she left the photographs at her house. There are two solutions. First one, she can go back home to fetch photographs in hastle. Another solution is to ask her mum to bring the photographs there the next I would suggest her to take the second solution. If she go back home right away, she would miss the physics review class, which is very important. Besides, it is avaliable to display the photographs the next day. Her classmates who comes to see her works can also see other works. After all, the exhibitions are not all her works. Therefore, she should go to class first and then let her mum take the works to school later in the day.

Task6

Some mother animals normally would forbid other creatures going around their offsprings .That is because other creatures may threaten them. But there is also an exception, some female animals will ask some younger female animals to take care of juveniles for them so that they can go out for foods and activities. Meanwhile, doing like this will help to train the younger famale animals by teaching them mothering skills. In the lecture, the professor gives an example, the monkey in North America will leave their offsprings being taken care of by other younger female monkeys. So they could go out at some times. And this will be helpful for those younger monkeys to command some mothering skills. Therefore, these are what the professor talks about.

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3 A student wrote a letter to suggest that the university should change one room in student center into student lounge, because commuter students can look their bags during class breaks. Also the university can publish some important information in the lounge, such as bus schedule.

The man in the conversation disagrees with this proposal. Because it is unfair for students who live on campus since their dorms are also pretty far. They cannot go back to dorms during the class breaks. The students who live off campus should not have the privilege over the students who live on campus. If somebody wants to use the locker, there are lockers available in the library. Another reason is that publishing information in the lounge is not necessary because students can get information on line or give a call to the station.

4 The natural passageway is a phenomenon that the wild animals use to move around areas that are separated by human. In the lecture the professor take the bears for an example to illustrate phenomenon. Some bears live in a vast area. A high way broke a frost into two parts. And bear’s i nhabitants get much smaller. But they need to find food in a large area. So researchers built some wide bridges above the highway to connect the two parts of the forest and decorate it as a part of the natural inhabitants. So bears can search food in a large area.

5 The woman’s problem is that her radio club wants to enroll new members, but the manger of the enrollment is sick and cannot attend club affair. The man in the conversation provides her two possible solutions. The first solution is to attend the club affair in person. Another solution is to find her roommate to help her. I suggest her to take the second solution. Because if she doesn’t attend the first physics study group meeting, she will leave a bad first impression to study group members. Besides, her roommate should have the capacity to attend club affair. It is not important that whether she is a radio club member or not.

6 The lecture introduces two ways that people use to fill up memory gap inaccurately. The first way is to use some assumptions that seem logical. For example, a witness of a car accident might recall that the driver was talking on his cell phone or didn’t give a turning sign, which might not be the truth. The second way is to use something that has been suggested to them. For example, when they were asked how fast the driver drove. The witness may think the driver drove much faster than the driver actually did.

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3

The school is going to host music event at cafeteria (or coffee shop) on Friday evening. Student musician can come to perform at the event. Also there is no charge for students to come and watch the music live show.

The female student thinks it is a great idea, because as a major of music, she has an opportunity to practice performing in front of the public. She will practice how to be relaxed and how to talk to audience between each song. The boy also agrees with the school’s decision, because students who enjoy watching live shows are more likely to come to the performance. She also mentioned that other music live shows hosted by bars/coffee shop outside of campus often charge expensive fees.

4

Belief perseverance is stratagem that if once people hold on what they believe, it is unlikely for them to change the beliefs even when they acknowledge the fact which can prove there are flaws in their beliefs.

In the lecture, the professor takes himself for example to illustrate this stratagem. When he was young, he was told to keep warm in winter because the cold weather will cause him a cold. Later he acknowledged that cold was caused by virus instead of cold wind, plus it is easier to get a cold in the fall not winter. However, he still believes it is necessary for him to keep warm outdoors in the winter to keep away from catching a cold. He also tells his children to keep warm in the winter too.

5

The woman’s problem is that she plans to go to the ski trip organized by ski club for the entire weekend. However, her cousin will come to town the same weekend and plan to have dinner with her on Saturday evening. She does not want to miss either of them.

The man in the conversation provides her two possible solutions. The first solution is to talk to the cousin directly to see if he can reschedule the dinner plan to Friday evening. Another solution is to go to only a part of the trip.

I suggest her to take the first solution, because she can have dinner with her cousin on Friday and go skiing on both Saturday and Sunday. And she will have enough time to enjoy skiing with the club members.

6 In the lecture, the professor introduces two reasons that caused the native fish species endangered.

The first reason is that human beings introduce some new species from the ocean to the fresh water system by building canals connecting the ocean and the lake. Then the new species may eat the native fish and risk in the size of the native fish.

The second reason is that human beings change the environment of the fresh water ecological system which the native fish need to survive. For example, when the trees around the lake are cut off, there is no more shade covered the water. Then the water will lack in oxygen which the fish need due to the raise of the temperature.