宾语从句,定语从句详解及试题
定语从句与宾语从句
定语从句
一.定语从句的基本概念
在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的有关系代词w h o,w h o m,w h o s e,w h i c h,t h a t和关系副词w h e r e,w h e n,w h y。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。
例：T h i s i s t h e b o y w h o o f t e n h e l p s m e.
二.关系代词和关系副词的功能
关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语，关系副词可作状语。
1.作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例：I d o n’t l i k e p e o p l e w h o t a l k m u c h b u t d o l i t t l e.
2.作宾语
例：S h e i s t h e p e r s o n t h a t I m e t a t t h e s c h o o l g a t e y e s t e r d a y.
3.作定语：关系代词w h o s e在定语从句中作定语用。
例：W h a t’s t h e n a m e o f t h e y o u n g m a n w h o s e f a t h e r i s a d o c t o r?
4.作状语
例：I’l l n e v e r f o r g e t t h e d a y w h e n I f i r s t c a m e t o B e i j i n g.
三.关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
1.w h o指人，在定语从句中作主语。
例：T h e b o y w h o i s w e a r i n g t h e b l a c k j a c k e t i s v e r y c l e v e r.
2.w h o m指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。
例：D o y o u k n o w t h e y o u n g m a n(w h o m)w e m e t a t t h e g a t e？
3.w h o s e指人，在定语从句中作定语。
例：T h e g i r l w h o s e m o t h e r i s i l l i s s t a y i n g a t h o m e t o d a y.
4.w h i c h指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。作宾语时可省略。
例：A d i c t i o n a r y i s a b o o k w h i c h g i v e s t h e m e a n i n g o f w o r d s.
5.t h a t多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时可省略。
例：W h o i s t h e p e r s o n t h a t i s r e a d i n g t h e n e w s p a p e r o v e r t h e r e?
6.w h e n指时间，在定语从句中作状语。
例：I’l l n e v e r f o r g e t t h e t i m e w h e n w e w o r k e d o n t h e f a r m.
7.w h e r e指地点，在定语从句中作状语。
例：T h e f a c t o r y w h e r e h i s f a t h e r w o r k s i s i n t h e e a s t o f t h e c i t y.
【注意】关系代词w h o m，w h i c h在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将w h o m与w h i c h与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面。
例：T h a t w a s t h e r o o mi n w h i c h w e h a d l i v e d f o r t e n y e a r s.
=T h a t w a s t h e r o o mw h i c h w e h a d l i v e d i n f o r t e n y e a r s.
四.特殊用法
1.只用t h a t不用w h i c h的情况
（1）先行词是a l l,f e w,l i t t l e,n o t h i n g,e v e r y t h i n g,a n y t h i n g等不定代词时。
例：A l l t h a t h e s a i d i s t r u e.
（2）先行词被o n l y,n o,a n y,o n e o f等词修饰时。
例：T h eg i a n tp a n d ai s o n eo ft h em o s tl o v e l ya n i m a l s i nt h ew o r l dt h a tl i v ei nt h e m o u n t a i n s o f C h i n a.
（3）先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。
例：T h e d e s k i s t h e s e c o n d t h i n g t h a t I h a v e m a d e..
（4）先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。
例：T h i s i s t h e b e s t b o o k t h a t I h a v e r e a d t h i s y e a r.
（5）先行词既包括人又包括物时。
例：H e t a l k e d a b o u t t h e p e o p l e a n d t h e t h i n g s t h a t h e r e m e m b e r e d.
2.只用w h i c h不用t h a t的情况
（1）在非限制性定语从中。
例：T h e m e e t i n g w a s p u t o f f,w h i c h w a s e x a c t l y w h a t w e w a n t e d.
（2）定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。
例：T h e t h i n g a b o u t w h i c h h e i s t a l k i n g i s o f g r e a t i m p o r t a n c e.
定语从句练习
1.Y e s t e r d a y L i M i n g w e n t t o t h e v i l l a g e________h e v i s i t e d f i v e y e a r s a g o.
A.w h e r e
B.w h o
C.t h a t
2.T h e g i r l________i s r e a d i n g i s m y s i s t e r
A.w h o
B.w h o m
C.w h i c h
3.T h e y l i k e t o l i v e i n a h o u s e________i s n o t v e r y b i g b u t b r i g h t a n d c o m f o r t a b l e.
A.t h a t
B.w h o
C.w h a t
4.W h e n s h e g o t h o m e,t h e f i r s t t h i n g________s h e d i d w a s t o c l e a n t h e h o u s e.
A.w h i c h
B.w h a t
C.t h a t
5.R u n n i n g m a n i s a v e r y r e l a x i n g T V p r o g r a m________i s h o t a m o n g t h e y o u n g p e o p l e.
A.w h a t
B.w h i c h
C.w h o
6.T h e p h o t o________t a k e n b y m y b r o t h e r l a s t w e e k i s v e r y n i c e.
A.w h i c h w e r e
B.t h a t w e r e
C.w h i c h w a s
7.C h i n a h a s t h e w o r l d’s l o n g e s t h i g h-s p e e d r a i l w a y________w e a r e p r o u d o f.
A.t h a t
B.w h i c h
C.w h a t
8.T h o s ep e o p l ea n de x c i t i n gs t o r i e s________h a p p e n e di nt h em o v i ea r ew e l l w o r t h l e a r n i n g t o u s.
A.w h i c h
B.w h o
C.t h a t
9.I d o n't l i k e t h o s e________t a l k m u c h b u t d o l i t t l e.
A.w h o
B.w h o s e
C.w h i c h
10.---D a d,I'mh u n g r y.D o w e h a v e a n y t h i n g t o e a t?
---Y o u c a n h a v e s o m e b r e a d________f r o mt h e s u p e r m a r k e t.I t's o n t h e t a b l e.
A.w h i c h I a mb u y i n g
B.t h a t I w i l l b u y
C.t h a t I b o u g h t
11.---W h a t a r e y o u g o i n g t o d o t h i s s u m m e r v a c a t i o n?
---I'mg o i n g t o s t a r t a c l u b t o h e l p s t u d e n t s________n o t i n t e r e s t e d i n s c h o o l w o r k.
A.w h o i s
B.t h a t i s
C.w h o a r e
12.---D o n't e a t t o o m u c h j u n k f o o d.
---Y o u'r e r i g h t.H o w e v e r,I d o l i k e t h e f o o d________t a s t e s g o o d.
A.t h a t
B.w h a t
C.w h e n
13.---H i,K i m m y.D o y o u k n o w J a mH s i a o?
---S u r e.H e i s a p o p u l a r s i n g e r________c o m e s f r o mT a i w a n.
A.w h o
B.w h i c h
C.W h o m
14.I w a l k e di n o u r g a r d e n,________T o ma n dJ i mw e r e t r y i n g a b i g s i g n o n t o o n e o f t h e t r e e s.
A.w h i c h
B.w h e r e
C.t h a t
15.I c a n t h i n k o f m a n y c a s e s(例子)________s t u d e n t s o b v i o u s l y(明显地)k n e w a l o t o f
E n g l i s h w o r d s a n d
e x p r e s s i o n s(表达)b u t c o u l d n’t w r i t e a g o o d e s s a y(文章).
A.w h y
B.w h i c h
C.w h e r e
16.---W h y d o e s s h e a l w a y s a s k y o u f o r h e l p?
---T h e r e i s n o o n e e l s e________,i s t h e r e?
A.w h o t o t u r n t o
B.s h e c a n t u r n t o
C.f o r w h o mt o t u r n
17.T h e j o u r n e y a r o u n dt h e w o r l dt o o k t h e o l ds a i l o r n i n e m o n t h s,________t h e s a i l i n g t i m e w a s226d a y s.
A.o f w h i c h
B.d u r i n g w h i c h
C.f r o mw h i c h
18.A l e c a s k e dt h e p o l i c e m a n________h e w o r k e dt o c o n t a c t h i mw h e n e v e r t h e r e w a s a n
a c c i d e n t.
A.w i t h h i m
B.w h o
C.w i t h w h o m
19.T h e s u n h e a t s t h e e a r t h,________m a k e s i t p o s s i b l e t o g r o w c r o p s.
A.w h i c h
B.t h a t
C.w h e r e
20.I s t h i s t h e f a c t o r y________y o u v i s i t e d l a s t w e e k?
A.w h e r e
B.w h i c h
C.w h e n
宾语从句
一.宾语从句的分类
宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语或介词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。
1.由t h a t引导的宾语从句。连词t h a t只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，没有实在的意义，在口语和
非正式文体中常常省略。
例：H e k n e w(t h a t)h e s h o u l d w o r k h a r d.
2.由连接代词w h o,w h o m,w h o s e,w h a t,w h i c h等和连接副词w h e n,w h e r e,w h y,h o w等引导的宾语从句。这
些连接代词和连接副词起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义。
例：I w o n d e r w h e r e h e g o t s o m u c h m o n e y.
3.由i f或w h e t h e r引导的宾语从句。I f和w h e t h e r起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，
在口语中多用i f。
例：H e a s k e d m e w h e t h e r(i f)I c o u l d h e l p h i m.
二.宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调：它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述句语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结构。
例：C a n y o u t e l l m e h o w I c a n g e t t o z o o?
注意：陈述句变为宾语从句时，要注意人称和时态的变化，语序不变。一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语
从句时，也要注意人称和时态的变化，后面接陈述句语序。
例：S h e s a i d,“I w i l l l e a v e a m e s s a g e o n t h e d e s k.”
S h e s a i d s h e w o u l d l e a v e a m e s s a g e o n t h e d e s k.
“W h e r e a r e t h e t i c k e t s?”I a s k e d h i m.
I a s k e d h i mw h e r e t h e t i c k e t s w e r e.
三.宾语从句的时态
宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受到主句谓语时态的制约，这就是时态呼应。如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，从句谓语的时态不受限制；如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时，从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。例：P l e a s e t e l l u s w h e r e h e i s.
H e t o l d m e t h a t h e w a s p r e p a r i n g f o r t h e s p o r t s m e e t.
注意：当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。例：T h e t e a c h e r t o l d u s(t h a t)t h e e a r t h m o v e s a r o u n d t h e s u n.
四.宾语从句和状语从句的区别
例：（1）I w i l l g o o u t t o m o r r o w i f i t i s f i n e.
（2）I d o n’t k n o w i f t h e t r a i n h a s a r r i v e d.
句（1）中i f引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”，修饰主句。整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好，我就出去。句（2）中i f引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词d o n’t k n o w的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否到达。
判断方法：
1.可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（个别除外），宾语从句只能放在主句谓
语动词之后。
2.从引导词看。i f充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于w h e t h e r，词义为“是否”，充当状语从句的连接词
时，词义为“如果”。w h e n充当宾语从句的连接词时，意为“什么时候”，充当状语从句的连接词时，
意为“当……的时候”。
3.从时态看。i f和w h e n作连接词时，引导宾语从句要注意：从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作
相应的变化。i f和w h e n充当从属连词时，引导条件和时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来。
宾语从句练习
1.---I’ma f r a i d I c a n’t r e m e m b e r________.
---I n B e i j i n g,I t h i n k.
A.w h e r e d i d I f i r s t m e e t y o u
B.w h e r e I f i r s t m e t y o u
C.w h e n I f i r s t m e t y o u
2.---C a n y o u f i n d o u t o u r c i t y________a l o t i n t h e l a s t f e w y e a r s?
---Y e s.T h e r o a d i s w i d e r a n d t h e b u i l d i n g s a r e t a l l e r.
A.h a s c h a n g e d
B.c h a n g e s
C.c h a n g e d
3.---D o y o u k n o w________J e n n y c o m e s t o s c h o o l e v e r y d a y?
---O f c o u r s e I d o.S h e r i d e s h e r b i k e．
A.w h e t h e r
B.w h e n
C.h o w
4.---A r e y o u s u r e y o u h a v e t o?I t’s b e e n v e r y l a t e.
---I d o n’t k n o w________I c a n d o i t i f n o t n o w.
A.w h e r e
B.h o w
C.w h e n
5.---A m y,d o y o u k n o w i f D a n i e l________t o t h e f a r mw i t h u s t o m o r r o w i f i t________?
---S o r r y,I’v e n o i d e a.
A.w i l l g o;w i l l r a i n
B.w i l l g o;r a i n s
C.g o e s;w i l l r a i n
6.I d o n’t k n o w i f h e________t o t h e p a r t y.I w i l l l e t y o u k n o w i f h e________.
A.w i l l c o m e;c o m e s
B.w i l l c o m e;w i l l c o m e
C.c o m e s;c o m e s
7.---C o u l d y o u t e l l m e________?
---B y s e a r c h i n g t h e I n t e r n e t.
A.h o w y o u g o t t h e i n f o r m a t i o n
B.w h e n y o u g o t t h e i n f o r m a t i o n
C.h o w d i d y o u g e t t h e i n f o r m a t i o n
8.---A r e y o u c l e a r a b o u t t h e t r i p n e x t S a t u r d a y?
---O n e m o r e t h i n g.I w a n t t o k n o w________.
A.t h a t M r.Y a n g w i l l g o
B.i f M r.Y a n g w i l l g o o r n o t
C.w h e t h e r M r.Y a n g w i l l g o[来
9.D o y o u k n o w________t o m o r r o w?
A.w h e n d i d s h e c o m e
B.w h e n w i l l s h e c o m e
C.w h e n s h e w i l l c o m e
10.C o u l d y o u t e l l m e________?
A.w h a t s h e h a d d o n e w i t h t h e n e w s p a p e r
B.w h i c h i s t h e w a y t o t h e n e a r e s t h o s p i t a l
C.w h i c h g a t e I s h o u l d g o
11.---C o u l d y o u t e l l m e________t o m o r r o w m o r n i n g?
---W e l l,i t w i l l s t a r t a t9:00o'c l o c k.
A.w h e n t h e m e e t i n g w i l l s t a r t
B.w h e r e t h e m e e t i n g s t a r t s
C.w h e n t h e m e e t i n g w o u l d s t a r t
12.Y o u c a n’t i m a g i n e(想象)________w h e n t h e y r e c e i v e d t h e i r m e d a l s a t t h e O l y m p i c s.
A.h o w w e r e t h e y e x c i t e d
B.h o w e x c i t e d t h e y w e r e
C.h o w t h e y w e r e e x c i t e d
13.---E x c u s e m e,c o u l d y o u t e l l m e________?
---I n f i v e m i n u t e s.
A.h o w s o o n w i l l t h e f i l mb e g i n
B.h o w s o o n t h e f i l mw i l l b e g i n
C.h o w l o n g t h e f i l mh a s b e e n o n
14.---D o y o u k n o w________?
---F o r a m o n t h.
A.h o w l o n g w i l l s h e b e a w a y
B.h o w l o n g s h e w i l l b e a w a y
C.h o w o f t e n w i l l s h e g o t h e r e
15.I d o n’t k n o w i f h i s u n c l e________.I t h i n k h e________i f i t d o e s n’t r a i n.
A.w i l l c o m e;c o m e s
B.w i l l c o m e;w i l l c o m e
C.c o m e s;c o m e s
宾语从句经典练习题及详解
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