英语基础知识复习资料
英语基础知识复习资料
专题一句子成分
1.主语：动作的发出者，或：一个句子中的陈述对象。He laughed.
Swimming is interesting. 拓展： He laughs best who laughs last. Swimming is interesting. His words are true. What he said is true. 2.谓语：主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。 He is lying on the ground. 拓展： He is crying now. I have seen the movie before.
3.宾语：动作的对象或承受者或内容。 I love English. 拓展： I love him. I love dancing. I want to see you.
I believe your words. I believe what you said. 4.宾补：补充、说明宾语的成分。 He gradually found English interesting. We all choose him monitor. 拓展：He gradually found English interesting. We all choose him monitor. The hotel makes me at ease. The teacher told me to leave at once. Can you see the girl dancing over there I saw the boy taken to the office. 1 怎么辨别“主—谓—宾—宾”和“主—谓—宾—宾补”？宾语和宾补之间其实是主谓关系。 He calls me uncle.[→I am his uncle] I saw him taken away.[→He was taken
away.] I found him in the room.[→He was in the room.] 而两个宾语之间不存在主谓关系： He gave me a book.[不能理解为：*I am a book.] 5.表语：说明主语的身份、特征、状态的成分,位于系动词后面。 He is a teacher. He is tired. 拓展： He is a teacher. (名词) My hobby is swimming. (动名词) He looks nice. (形容词) My suggestion is that you start at once. (表语从句) 表语通常位于系动词后。英语中有哪些系动词呢？“是”:be, prove, turn out; remain; stay; keep; “变得”：bexxe, get, turn, go, fall; “感官”:feel, smell, sound, taste, look, seem, appear 系动词具有哪些特征呢？①后面通常跟形容词不跟副词。比较： She looks beautiful. She sings beautifully. ②不用被动形式。错误：The dish is tasted delicious. 正确：The dish tastes delicious. 错误：Tasted nice, the dish was eaten up quickly. 正确：Tasting nice, the dish was eaten up quickly. 6.定语：修饰制名词的成分。 He is a careful driver. 拓展： Our chemistry teacher put a kind of chemical substance on the desk. 2
He is a careful driver. He is a driver who drives carefully. I know the boy wearing a jacket. I like the boy who is wearing a jacket. I like the books
written by Lu Xun. I like the books that were written by Lu Xun. 7.状语：修饰制动词、形容词和句子的成分。
I visited the Great Wall yesterday. (时间状语) 拓展：He studies hard. (副词) He could dance at the age of seven. (介词短语) He could dance when he was seven. (从句) I am sorry for xxing late. (介词短语) I am sorry because I am late. (从句) 8.同位语：句子中指代同一事物的另外一个名词短语或名词性从句。I am Li Hua, Chairman of the Students’ Union.
The fact that the earth moves around the sun is well-known. 拓展： Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of mine. (名词短语) We students should respect teachers. (名词短语) Longhu Lake, the largest lake in Henan, attracts many visitors every year. (名词短语) He made a promise that he would give me a bike on my birthday. ( 同位语从句) 判断同位语：若两个名词性成分之间加个be 成立，则二者为同位关系。 9.插入语：插入语是插在句子中独立于其他成分的一个词、短语、或从句。 Reading will, no doubt, enlarge your vocabulary. 拓展： Generally/ In general/ Generally speaking, the more you eat, the fatter you will be. To make matters worse, he failed again. Reading, no doubt, can broaden our horizons. 插
入语通常被逗号、破折号或句子的其他部分隔开,与句子的其他部分之间没有语法上的关系。
专题二简单句
1.简单句：只有一个主语部分和谓语部分的句子叫简单句。有五大基本句型：
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①主—谓：He left.
②主—谓—宾：He left Beijing.
③主—谓—宾—宾：He left his son a large fortune.
④主—谓—宾—宾补：The earthquake left many people homeless. ⑤主—系—表：He is tall. “系—表”结构也叫谓语部分。拓展：不难看出：一个简单句，有且仅有一个谓语动词。 2.省略句
在口语中，上文已经出现的信息或者谈话双方都知道的信息不必重复；这就形成了省略句。下面的句子属于哪种句型？① Good idea! ② Good morning! ③ Sounds great!
④ How clever! ⑤ Any other questions ⑥ Stand up! 【答案】
①“主—系—表”，前面省略了It is a ②“主—系—表”，前面省略了It is a ③“主—系—表”，前面省略了
It ④“主—系—表”，后面省略了you are ⑤“主—谓—宾”，前面省略了Do you have ⑥“主—谓”，前面省略了
You
Test 1 压缩句子
找句子主干；判断简单句的“五大基本句型”。 1. The naughty boy, after hearing the news, left angrily.
2. Li Hua, chairman of the Students’ Union, gave
a wonderful speech yesterday. 3. My dear mother, to my surprise, bought me an expensive bike on my birthday.
Test 2 单句改错
语法规则：一个句子必须有一个谓语动词。“群龙不可无首！ 1. My xxputer on the desk.
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2. Today Monday.
3. Look! The girl dancing over there.
4. That book written by Lu Xun.
5. My school near my home.
【答案】后加is；后加is；后加is；后加was；后加is。
Test 3 单句改错
语法规则：一个句子不能超过一个谓语动词。“一山不容二虎”！ 1. Learn English is hard. 2. Play basketball is my hobby. 3. I want see you. 4. I am like English.
【答案】→Learning；→Playing；→to see； 4. am 重要的事情说三遍：一个简单句，有且仅有一个谓语动词。拓
展：【误】Today is Sunday, we have no classes. 【正】Today being Sunday, …. 【误】Weather permits, we will pay a visit to the park. 【正】Weather permitting, …. 【误】There are fifty students in our class, half of them are girls. 【正】There are fifty students in our class, half of them being girls. 【误】Class was over, all the students went home. 【正】Class being over,…【误】Their homework had been finished, they went home. 【正】Their homework finished,…以上“名词+非谓语动词”结构，叫独立主格结构。
专题三复合句
I.两个或多个简单句，连词连接起来的后组成的句子叫复合句。
II.并列连词and； but；yet；or；for(因为)；so(所以)；while连接的两个或多个句子，叫并列复合句；简称并列句。
He likes English but/and/while I like Chinese.
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He put on his clothes and went out.
III.从属连词hen；while；what；because；as；since；after；even if；before；until；although；though等连接的两个或多个句子，叫从属复合句。 I have lived in
China since I was born.
Because it rained yesterday, many students were absent. This is the best film that I have ever seen. (定语从句) 拓展：为什么两个句子要有连词连接？逗号表示停顿，没有连接作用；当然，分号、破折号可以连接两个句子。【误】Today is Sunday, we have no classes. 【正】Today is Sunday, so/and …. 【正】Because today is Sunday,…. 【误】Weather permits, we will pay a visit to the park. 【正】If weather permits, …【误】There are fifty students in our class, half of them are girls. 【正】There are fifty students in our class, and…(并列句) 【正】There are fifty students in our class, half of whom are girls. 【误】Class was over, all the students went home. 【正】Class was over, and/so…【正】Because class was over, all the students…构句原则：如果没有连词连接，逗号不能连接两个简单句。
专题四谓语动词和非谓语动词
谓语动词形式 do/ does 充当谓语。 be doing 6
非谓语动词功能 to do to be done 形式功能充当谓语之外的成分：主语； will do would do have done had done will be doing will be done has been done had been done to be doing to have done to have been done 宾语；
定语；状语；补语；表语； doing being done having done having been done 同位语；插入语。 done Test 1语法填空
1. Look! The girl _____(go) upstairs.
2. Look! Can you see the girl _____(go) upstairs
3. The books ____(write) by Lu Xun.
4. I like the books ____(write) by Lu Xun.
【答案】 going written
解题策略：一个简单句如果没有谓语动词，则一定填谓语动词形式；如果有谓语动词，则填非谓语动词。
Test 2翻译练习
1.这个孩子正在睡觉。
2.这个孩子假装正在睡觉。
3.老师发现这个孩子正在睡觉。
4.这个问题正在讨论中。
5.我们都在关注正在讨论中的这个问题。
6.演讲比赛明天在我校举行。
7.我想要请您参加明天在我校举行的演讲比赛。
Keys
child is sleeping.
child pretended to be sleeping. teacher found the child sleeping. question is being discussed.
of us are concerned about the question being discussed.
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speech contest will be held in your school tomorrow.
would like to invite you to attend the speech contest to be held in our school tomorrow
专题五非谓语动词
非谓语动词充当谓语之外的成分。 I.作主语。
①Doing +谓语部分：Learning English is easy. ②To do+谓语部分：To learn English is easy. ③It is + adj. + to do：It is easy to learn English. ④It is no use doing：It is no use crying over spilt milk. II.作宾语。
①表示未来动作用to do。下面动词后常跟不定式：agree 同意做 choose 宁愿做 remember 记住去做 regret 很遗憾要做 expect 期待做 offer 主动提出做 plan 计划做 stop停下来去做
pretend 假装要做 promise 答应做 refuse 拒绝做wish 希望做 decide 决定做 prepare 准备做 want 想要做 try试图做
determine 决心做 afford 负担得起做 manage 设法做成afford 负担得起做hesitate 做…犹豫remember记得要过
②表示过去动作用doing。下面动词后常跟动名词：
escape逃脱 admit承认做 remember记得做过
regret做了…后悔 forget做过但忘了 appreciate感激做
miss错过做
③表示经常性的动作、或者发生时间不太明确的动作也用doing。下面动词后常跟动名词： give up放弃做 stop 停止做 risk冒险做 finish完成做 delay推迟做
enjoy喜爱做 imagine想象做 avoid避免做 keep继续做
suggest /advise建议做
rexxmend 建议做 permit/allow 允许做 mind 介意做consider 考虑做 try尝试
④表示正在进行的动作用to be doing。下面动词后常跟动名词：
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pretend假装 III.作定语。
happen碰巧 seem似乎
①表示未来动作→to do：I have many questions to ask.
②表示未来的被动动作→to be done：There are many problems to be solved. ③表示正在进行的动作→doing：Do you know the boy singing in the next room
④表示正在进行的被动动作→being done：The problem
being discussed now is very important. ⑤表示经常性、或者发生时间不太明确的动作→doing：She is dancing girl.
⑥表示功能→doing：Where is the nearest dancing hall？
⑥表示完成的动作→done：The retired worker, lying on the fallen leaves, is drinking boiled water. ⑦表示完成而且被动的动作→done：The problem discussed yesterday is very important. IV.作状语：
①表示未来动作→to do→多为目的状语：To go to a key university， he works very hard。
②表示未来的被动动作→to be done：To be accepted to a key university, he works hard. ③表示正在进行的、或者与谓语动词同时发生的动作→doing：
Seeing the teacher, she blushed.
Not knowing her number I wrote her a letter. She went to school, singing cheerfully all the way.
④表示正在进行的被动动作→being done：
Being interviewed by some reporters, I have no time to see you.
注意：如果done已经形容词化了，作状语时不可以→being： Born and brought up in a rural area, he knows family very well.
⑤表示完成的动作→having done：Have you finished their homework, the students went home. ⑥表示完成而且被动的动作→done或having been done：
Encouraged by the teacher, he works even harder.
Haing been encouraged by the teacher he works even harder.
V.作补语：
①表示未来动作→to do或do：
advise sb. to建议 allow sb. to允许
ask sb. to 请 beg sb. to请求
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cause sb. to导致 drive sb. to驱使
expect sb. to期望 forbid sb. to禁止 force sb. to 强迫 get sb. to使 invite sb. to邀请
have sb. do让注意：
permit sb. to允许 persuade sb. to说服 teach sb. to教 tell sb. to告诉 intend sb. to打算 make sb. do 让
mean sb. to打算 want sb. to想要 wish sb. to希望remind sb. to提醒 order sb. to命令 let sb. do让千万不要说hope/demand sb. to；
expect，suppose，require多用于被动语态结构： be
expected to do有望 be supposed to应该 be required to 被要求
②表示正在进行的、或者与谓语动词同时发生的动作→doing：
feel sb. doing感觉 hear sb. doing听见 listen to sb. doing听③表示动作的整个过程→do：
feel sb. do感觉 hear sb. do听见 listen to sb. do 听④表示被动的动作→done：
see sth. done find sth. done
make oneself understood keep sb. informed
有时候也可以用to be done： want sth. (to be) done 想要
want sth. (to be) done打算 keep sth. updated get sth. done have sth. done leave sth. untouched see sb. do看见 watch sb. do看到 notice sb. do注意到
help sb. (to)do帮助
see sb. doing看见 watch sb. doing看到 notice sb. doing注意
catch sb. doing逮住 leave /keep sb. doing使...一直做
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专题一句子成分
1.主语：动作的发出者，或：一个句子中的陈述对象。He laughed.
Swimming is interesting. 拓展： He laughs best who laughs last. Swimming is interesting. His words are true. What he said is true. 2.谓语：主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。 He is lying on the ground. 拓展： He is crying now. I have seen the movie before.
3.宾语：动作的对象或承受者或内容。 I love English. 拓展： I love him. I love dancing. I want to see you.
I believe your words. I believe what you said. 4.宾补：补充、说明宾语的成分。 He gradually found English interesting. We all choose him monitor. 拓展：He gradually found English interesting. We all choose him monitor. The hotel makes me at ease. The teacher told me to leave at once. Can you see the girl dancing over there I saw the boy taken to the office. 1 怎么辨别“主—谓—宾—宾”和“主—谓—宾—宾补”？宾语和宾补之间其实是主谓关系。 He calls me uncle.[→I am his uncle] I saw him taken away.[→He was taken away.] I found him in the room.[→He was in the room.] 而两个宾语之间不存在主谓关系： He gave me a book.[不
能理解为：*I am a book.] 5.表语：说明主语的身份、特征、状态的成分,位于系动词后面。 He is a teacher. He is tired. 拓展： He is a teacher. (名词) My hobby is swimming. (动名词) He looks nice. (形容词) My suggestion is that you start at once. (表语从句) 表语通常位于系动词后。英语中有哪些系动词呢？“是”:be, prove, turn out; remain; stay; keep; “变得”：bexxe, get, turn, go, fall; “感官”:feel, smell, sound, taste, look, seem, appear 系动词具有哪些特征呢？①后面通常跟形容词不跟副词。比较： She looks beautiful. She sings beautifully. ②不用被动形式。错误：The dish is tasted delicious. 正确：The dish tastes delicious. 错误：Tasted nice, the dish was eaten up quickly. 正确：Tasting nice, the dish was eaten up quickly. 6.定语：修饰制名词的成分。 He is a careful driver. 拓展： Our chemistry teacher put a kind of chemical substance on the desk. 2
He is a careful driver. He is a driver who drives carefully. I know the boy wearing a jacket. I like the boy who is wearing a jacket. I like the books written by Lu Xun. I like the books that were written by Lu Xun. 7.状语：修饰制动词、形容词和句子的成分。
I visited the Great Wall yesterday. (时间状语) 拓展：He studies hard. (副词) He could dance at the age of seven. (介词短语) He could dance when he was seven. (从句) I am sorry for xxing late. (介词短语) I am sorry because I am late. (从句) 8.同位语：句子中指代同一事物的另外一个名词短语或名词性从句。I am Li Hua, Chairman of the Students’ Union.
The fact that the earth moves around the sun is well-known. 拓展： Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of mine. (名词短语) We students should respect teachers. (名词短语) Longhu Lake, the largest lake in Henan, attracts many visitors every year. (名词短语) He made a promise that he would give me a bike on my birthday. ( 同位语从句) 判断同位语：若两个名词性成分之间加个be 成立，则二者为同位关系。 9.插入语：插入语是插在句子中独立于其他成分的一个词、短语、或从句。 Reading will, no doubt, enlarge your vocabulary. 拓展： Generally/ In general/ Generally speaking, the more you eat, the fatter you will be. To make matters worse, he failed again. Reading, no doubt, can broaden our horizons. 插入语通常被逗号、破折号或句子的其他部分隔开,与句子的其他部分之间没有语法上的关系。
专题二简单句
1.简单句：只有一个主语部分和谓语部分的句子叫简单句。有五大基本句型：
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①主—谓：He left.
②主—谓—宾：He left Beijing.
③主—谓—宾—宾：He left his son a large fortune.
④主—谓—宾—宾补：The earthquake left many people homeless. ⑤主—系—表：He is tall. “系—表”结构也叫谓语部分。拓展：不难看出：一个简单句，有且仅有一个谓语动词。 2.省略句
在口语中，上文已经出现的信息或者谈话双方都知道的信息不必重复；这就形成了省略句。下面的句子属于哪种句型？① Good idea! ② Good morning! ③ Sounds great!
④ How clever! ⑤ Any other questions ⑥ Stand up! 【答案】
①“主—系—表”，前面省略了It is a ②“主—系—表”，前面省略了It is a ③“主—系—表”，前面省略了
It ④“主—系—表”，后面省略了you are ⑤“主—谓—宾”，前面省略了Do you have ⑥“主—谓”，前面省略了You
Test 1 压缩句子
找句子主干；判断简单句的“五大基本句型”。 1. The naughty boy, after hearing the news, left angrily.
2. Li Hua, chairman of the Students’ Union, gave
a wonderful speech yesterday. 3. My dear mother, to my surprise, bought me an expensive bike on my birthday.
Test 2 单句改错
语法规则：一个句子必须有一个谓语动词。“群龙不可无首！ 1. My xxputer on the desk.
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2. Today Monday.
3. Look! The girl dancing over there.
4. That book written by Lu Xun.
5. My school near my home.
小学英语基本知识点汇总
个性化教学辅导教案 学员姓名：任课教师：所授科目：英语
一般疑问句：Be 主语其它。 如：-Are you a student -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 非凡疑问句：疑问词一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike 2.行为动词的变化。 否定句：主语don't( doesn't ) 动词原形( 其它)。如： I don't like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如： He doesn't often play. 一般疑问句：Do( Does ) 主语动词原形其它。如： - Do you often play football - Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如： - Does she go to work by bike - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 动词s的变化规则 1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks 2．以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3．以“辅音字母y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often ________(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One. 3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup 6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays 7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day 8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _______(like) cooking. 12. They _______(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _______(do) your homework well. 15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed. 16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term. 20. －What day _______(be) it today －It’s Saturday 三、现在进行时 1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing. 3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。 4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 5．现在进行时的非凡疑问的基本结构为： 疑问词不达意be 主语动词ing 但疑问词当主语时其结构为： 疑问词不达意be 动词ing 动词加ing的变化规则
初中英语基础知识大全__中考必备
中考英语辅导 ——人教版初中阶段中考基础知识整合与测评 JUNIOR BOOK I 一．知识网络 【重点内容概要】 1．元音字母在重读开音节、闭音节中的读音。 2．常用的日常交际用语。 3．人称代词，物主代词、指示代词及基数词。 4．动词be(am，is，，are)的用法及人称代词，名词的数的一致性， 5．一些表示方位、地点介词的用法． 6．名词所有格。My father’s watch the pic of Billy billy’s pictures 7，冠词a，an，the的基本用法。 8．以What、Where、Who、Whose、Which、How等引导的疑问句和一般疑问句以及它们的回答． 9．能灵活运用人称代词的主格和宾格． 10．掌握可数名词和不可数名词的用法，以及与其搭配使用的相关修饰词 11．There be句型以及与have(has)的运用及区别。 12．动词的现在进行时和一般现在时的运用。
13．祈使句的肯定、否定形式． 14．常用的句型及交际用语。 15．人称代词主格和宾格的使用。 16．可数名词和不可数名词的运用． 17．常用的句型。 18．现在进行时和一般现在时的使用。 【句型、词组精讲】 Words and Expressions 1. Excuse, me. / I’m sorry. 这两个句子是会话时常用客套语。 1）Excuse me. 表示“劳驾”，“请问”，“请原谅”，“对不起”，“打扰一下”等意思，多用于句首，主要用于在请求别人帮忙时用。如： Excuse me, is this watch yours? Excuse me. How can I get to the station? 2）I’m sorry. 或Sorry. 一般用于听到别人的不幸或做了对不起别人的事情表示遗憾或向其道歉，或不能够给对方提供信息或帮助时的场合。如：I’m sorry I’m late. I’m sorry to hear your mother is ill. Sorry, I can’t go with you. Sorry, I won’t do that again.
完整版初中英语语法大全知识点总结
英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. ：who, she, you, it . 主要用来代替名词。如)： 2、代词(pron.3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接 宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
17个英语基本知识点
17个英语基本知识点，赶紧收藏吧。 1.That's right./ That‘s all right./ All right. That’s right意为“对的”，表示赞同对方的意见、看法或行为，肯定对方的答案或判断。例如： "I think we must help the old man.""我想我们应该帮助这位老人。" "That's right."或 "You're right.""说得对"。 That’s all right.意为“不用谢”、“没关系”，用来回答对方的致谢或道歉。例如： "Many thanks." "That's all right." "Sorry. It's broken." "That's all right." All right.意为“行了”、“可以”，表示同意对方的建议或要求。有时还可以表示“身体很好” "Please tell me about it." "请把此事告诉我。" "All right.""好吧。" Is your mother all right?你妈身体好吗 2. make/do 这两个词都可以解释为“做”，但含义却不同，不能混用。make指做东西或制东西，do指做一件具体的事。 Can you make a paper boat for me? 你能为我做个纸船吗？ He’s doing his homework now.他正在做他的作业。 3. say/speak/talk/tell say：是最口语化的最普通的一个词，意为“说出”、“说道”，着重所说的话。如： “I want to go there by bus”, he said . 他说，“我要坐汽车到那里去。” Please say it in English .请用英语说。
人教部编版小学英语1到6年级十大基础语法知识总结
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1)译成汉语都有"的" 2)后面不加名词 3)名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词 Eg:1、the pen is mine 钢笔是我的(mine=my pen) 小学英语单数的句子变成复数的句子 把单数的句子成复数的句子很简单：变法是把能变成复 数的词变成复数，但a或an要把去掉。特殊疑问词、形容词、国家及地点通常不变。 Eg:把下列句子变成复数 1, I have a car ----we have cars 2, He is an American boy. ----They are American boys 3, It is a car ----They are cars 4,This is an eraser ----These are erasers 5,That is a backpsck -----Those are backpacks 6,I'm an English teather ------We are English teathers 7,It's a new shirt---- They are new shirts 8,He's a boy ----They are boys 9,She's a singer ------They are singers 10,What'sthis in English?---- What are these in English? 小学英语名词单复数 名词有单数和复数两种形式
2020年中考英语重点知识归纳_中考英语精华知识点汇总.doc
2020年中考英语重点知识归纳_中考英语精 华知识点汇总 学会总结归纳，是同学们在学习的过程中不可缺少的一个环节。2020年中考英语的重点知识点有哪些呢?下面小编给大 家整理了2020年中考英语重点知识归纳，希望对大家有所帮助。 一.英语语法重点与难点 1、 as…as…结构：你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。 You’re a boy as good as Tom.=You’re as good a boy as Tom. 2、 (1)too…to与 so…that sb. can’t…的句型转换：前者为简单句，主语只有一个，而后者为复合句，主语有两个，试比较： The man was too angry to be able to speak. The man was so angry that he wasn’t able to speak. (2) too…to…与 not enough to句型的转换： He is too young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married.
The book is too difficult for me to read.= The book is not easy enough for me to read. 3、形容词原级表示比较级含义： 约翰不象迈克那么苯。 John is not so stupid as Mike. John is less stupid than Mike. John is cleverer than Mike. 4、用比较级表示最高级：约翰是班里最高的男生。 John is taller than any other boy in the class. John is the tallest boy in the class. 5、 the more….. the more….表示“越……越……”: The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is. The more food you eat, the fatter you are. 6、 more and more….表示“越来……越……”: More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language.
小学英语必备基础知识
小学英语必备基础知识 基础知识 1.字母：26个字母的大小写 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 2.音标：48个音标 3.词汇：词汇量，近反义词 4.句子：大小写，标点符号 语法知识 一、名词：名词单复数，名词的格 (一)名词单复数 1.一般情况，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5.不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice，child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 不可数名词的复数就是原型：paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea (二)名词的格 (1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格： a) 单数后加’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加’如: his friends’ bags c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加’s children’s shoes l并列名词中，如果把’s加在最后一个名词后，表示共有, 如: Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车 l要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加’s Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车 (2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系：如: a picture of the classroom a map of China 二、冠词：不定冠词，定冠词种类： (1)不定冠词：a / an 元音开头的可数名词前用an : an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson / (2)定冠词：the 定冠词的用法：
小学英语基础知识点归纳
小学英语基础知识点归纳 小学开始接触英语，各位家长们都希望孩子能够学好，为未来打基础。小学也有许多该掌握的基础知识，并不仅仅是字母音标的学习。英语基础知识、语法知识、句法三部分内容大家都掌握了吗?下面的内容希望能让孩子学习更上一层楼! 第一部分：基础知识 1.字母：26个字母的大小写 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 2.语音：元音的发音 五个元音字母：AEIOU 12个单元音：前元音：[i:] [?] /e/ [?] 中元音：[?:] [?] 后元音：[ɑ:] [?] [?:] [u :] [?] [?] 双元音(8个) Ⅰ.合口双元音(5个)[ai] [ei] [au] [?u] [?i] Ⅱ.集中双元音(3个) [i?][ε?][u?] 3.词汇：词汇量，近反义词 4.句子：大小写，标点符号 第二部分：语法知识① 一.名词：名词单复数，名词的格 (一)名词单复数 1.一般情况，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 不可数名词的复数就是原型：paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea (二)名词的格 (1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格： a) 单数后加’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加’如: his friends’bags c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加’s children’s shoes l并列名词中，如果把’s加在最后一个名词后，表示共有, 如: Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车 l要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加’s Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车 (2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“of +名词”来表示所有关系：如: a picture of the classroom a map of China 第二部分：语法知识② 二.冠词：不定冠词，定冠词种类： (1)不定冠词：a / an a unit / an uncle 元音开头的可数名词前用an : an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson / (2)定冠词：the the egg the plane 2. 用法:
初中英语基础知识汇总
第一篇基础知识 第一节字母 英语是字母文字，共有26个字母，26个字母按一定的顺序排列在一起便组成字母表，英语中称之为“Alphabet”。 1.26个字母的读音 2.元音字母是哪些？ 英文字母分为元音字母和辅音字母。Aa , Ee , Ii, Oo, Uu为5个元音字母，除Yy 外其他20个为辅音字母。Yy 为半元音字母. 第二节语音 关于语音的几个概念 1)字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u, 2)音标：词的语音形式。 3)音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。 4)音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand 5)元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20个元音。单元音有12个：/i:/ /I/ /e/ /?/ /?:/ /?/ /∧/ /a:/ /?/ /?:/ /u/ /u:/ 双元音有8个/eI/ /aI/ /?I/ /?u/ /au/ /I?/ /ε?/ /u?/ 6)辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28个辅音。清辅音有11个：/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /s/ /θ//∫/ /h/ /t∫/ /tr/ /ts/ 浊辅音有17个：/b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /z/ /δ/ /з/ /r/ /dз/ /dr/ /dz/ /m//n/ /? / /l/ /w/ /j/ 7)开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike ;b) 辅音+元音he, go, hi 8)闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it
小学英语基础知识总汇
小学英语基础知识总汇 一:学生易错词汇 1. a, an的选择: 元音音素开头的单词用an,辅音音素开头的单词用a. 2. am , is , are的选择: 单数用is , 复数用are. I 用am , you 用are. 3. have , has 的选择: 表示某人有某物.单数用has , 复数用have. I ,you 用have . 4. there is, there are 的选择:表示某地有某物,某人.单数用there is , 复数用there are. 5. some, any 的选择:肯定句用some, 疑问句和否定句用any. 6. 疑问词的选择:what (什么) who (谁) where (哪里) whose (谁的) why(为什么)when(什么时候)which(哪一个)how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少钱) 二:形容词比较级详解 当我们需要对事物作出比较时,需要用到比较级.比较级的句子结构通常是: 主语+ 动词be (am , is , are ) + 形容词比较级+ than(比)+被比较物体,如: I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重.) An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大.) 形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的,它的变化规则是: ①一般的直接在词尾加er ,如tall - taller , strong - stronger , ②以e结尾的,直接加r ,如nice-nicer. ③以辅音字母加y结尾的,先改y为i再加er,如funny - funnier ④为单音节的重读闭音节，即（辅音字母）+（元音字母）+（辅音字母）就双写最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter ☆注意☆比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西. 典型错误:My hair is longer than you.(我的头发比你更长.) 比较的两者是我的头发,你(整个人),那么比较的对象就没有可比性. 应该改为:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair. 比较级专项练习: 一,从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子heavy tall long big (1) How is the Yellow River? (2) How is Mr Green ?He's 175cm. (3) How are your feet ?I wear size 18. (4)How is the fish? It's 2kg. 二,根据句意写出所缺的单词 (1) I'm 12 years old. You're 14. I'm than you. (2) A rabbit's tail is than a monkey's tail. (3) An elephant is than a pig. (4) A lake is than a sea. (5) A basketball is than a football. 三,根据中文完成句子. (1) 我比我的弟弟大三岁. I'm than my brother. (2) 这棵树要比那棵树高. This tree than that one. (3) 你比他矮四厘米. You are than he. (4) 谁比你重than you.
初中英语语法基础知识汇总
初中英语语法基础知识汇总(1) 英语语法基础知识词类-名词Noun 名词（Noun．-n．） 第一部分：名词基础知识 定义：人、地、物、事或观念等名称叫做名词。 人：Edison（爱迪生），Helen（海伦），Mr．Wang（王先生） 地：Asia（亚洲），China（中国），New York（纽约） 物：book（书），dog（狗），tree（树），water（水） 事或观念：work（工作），music（音乐），truth（真理） 注： 1．如人名、地名、国名等属于该名称持有者专用的名称，其第一字母必须大写，如E dison，New York，China。 2．名词亦有可数和不可数之分，如果是可数的就有单数和复数的区别。所谓复数就是多于一个的意思，通常是在单数名词的词尾加“-s，es，ies，…”以示其为复数。例如： a book（一本书）two books（两本书） one boy（一个男孩）some boys（一些男孩） one girl（一个女孩）many girls（许多女孩） 名词在句子中的主要功能如下： （1）作句子的主语，例： Miss Lin is our English teacher． （林小姐是我们的英语老师。） （2）作句子的主语补语或宾语补语，例： John and Tom are good friends． （约翰和汤姆是好朋友。—主语补语） I call my puppy “Luck”． （我叫我的小狗“来福”。—宾语补语）
（3）作及物动词的直接宾语，例： Can you ride a bicycle?（你会骑自行车吗？） （4）作介词的宾语，例： You can go by taxi．（你可以乘出租车去。） 第二部分：名词单复数-单数变复数 一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。 读音变化：结尾是清辅音读[s]，结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。 例：friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces 二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。 读音变化：统一加读[iz]。 例：bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes 三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。 读音变化：加读[z]。 例：candy→candies; daisy→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories 四、以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。 读音变化：加读[z]。 例：tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; torpedo→torpedoes; bingo→bingoes 反例：silo→silos; piano→pianos（外来词）; photo→photos; macro→macros（缩写词）五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。 读音变化：尾音[f]改读[vz]。 例：knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; staff→staves; scarf→scarves 反例：roof→roofs 还有一些不规则变化，请参照中学英语频道相关文章。 第三部分：名词所有格 A. 's用在单数名词以及不以s结尾的复数名词之后： a man's jo b 男人的活儿
英语语法基础知识大全.doc
v1.0可编辑可修改 英语语法基础知识大全 第一节词类和句子成分 一、词类 能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词。根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用所作的分类叫词 类（ parts of speech）。 英语的词通常分为十大类，即名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词 和感叹词。现分别叙述如下： （一）名词 名词 (noun) 是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。例如： foreigner 外国人 soap肥皂Newton 牛顿 law法律freedom 自由peace 和平 英语名词可分为两大类： 1。普通名词 (common noun) 是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如： teacher 教师market 市场 rice大米 magazine 杂志sound 声音 production生产 2。专有名词 (proper noun) 是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须 大写。例如： Hemingway 海明威Russia俄罗斯 New York 纽约United Nations联合国 名词又可分为可数名词(countable noun) 与不可数名词 (uncountable noun) 两种。可数名词有单、复数之分。绝大多数名词的复数形式的构成是在单数名词的后面加-s 或 -es 。例如：shop→shops 商店bus→buses 公共汽车library→libraries图书馆 toy →toys玩具leaf →leaves树叶 英语中有一些名词的复数形式是不规则的。例如： man→men 男人 tooth →teeth牙齿datum→data数据 有关名词复数形式构成的具体规则，请参阅有关的英语语法书。 （二）冠词
常用英语基础知识
、一个星期七天 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 二、一年十二个月 January February March April May June July August September October November December 三、一年四季 1. spring 2. summer 3. autumn 4. winter 四、容易拼写错的数字 1. eighth 第八 2. ninth 第九 3. forty 四十 4. twelfth 第十二 5. twentieth 第二十 四、亲属称呼 1. daughter ( 女儿 ) 2. niece ( 女性晚辈 ) 3. nephew ( 男性晚辈 ) 4. cousin ( 同辈兄弟姐妹 ) 5. aunt (女性长辈 ) 6. uncle (男性长辈 ) 五、 以下动词加-ed 或-ing 要双写最后一个字母 1. regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔 2. control (controlled, controlling) 控制 3. admit (admitted, admitting) 承认 4. occur (occurred, occurring) 出现 5. prefer (preferred, preferring) 宁愿 6. refer (referred, referring) 提到 7. forget (forgetting ) 忘记 8. permit (permitted, permitting) 允许 9. equip (equipped, equipping) 装备 注意： quarrel, signal, travel 中的 l 可双写(英国英语)也可不双写(美国英语) 六、 部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词 1. broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 广播 2. flee (fled, fled) 逃跑 3. forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止 4. forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原谅 5. freeze (froze, frozen) 结冰 6. hang (作“绞死”讲，是规则的；作 “悬挂”讲，其过去式过去分词都是 hung) -lain 躺下 lay-laid- laid 放置 9. shake (shook, shaken) 发抖 11. sink (sank, sunk/sunken) 下沉 13. swim (swam, swum) 游泳 16. wear( wore ； worn) 穿/戴 19. keep （kept, kept ） 七、 意思相近的词 1. check （核对）/ examine （检查"test （测试） 2. receive （收到） / accept （接受） 3. destroy （毁坏；毁灭）/ damage （破坏） 4. celebrate （庆祝 ” congratulate （祝贺） 5. wear sth / dress sb 穿衣 八、 注意形容词变名词时的拼写变化 1. long —length 长度 2. wide —width 宽度 3. high —height 高度 4. strong — strength 力量 九、以-ic 结尾的动词，应先把-ic 变为-ick ，再加ing 或ed 1. picnic (picnicked, picnicking) 野餐 十、个别名词的复数拼写 1. German (Germans) 德国人 2. gulf (gulfs) 海湾 3. handkerchief (handkerchiefs) 手帕 roof 7. lie -ied -lied 说谎；lie — lay- 8. seek (sought, sought) 寻求 10. sing (sang, sung) 唱歌 12. spread (spread, spread) 传播 14. tear (tore, torn) 撕碎 17. h old (held, held ) 18. m ake (made, made)
中考英语基础知识练习题(荐)
名词 ( ) 1.（2009·广州） —You look very tired this morning. What did you do yesterday afternoon? —I did Christmas shopping. A.a lot of B.a few of C.a number of D.a piece of ( ) 2.（2009·湖北武汉） —Why do you get up so early in the morning, Tracy ？ —I generally make it a to be up by 7 to read English. A. plan B. wish C. secret D. rule ( ) 3.（2009·湖北武汉） —Do the dishes, Mike, or I will tell mum! —Mind your own ,Sue! A. action B. duty C. business D. way ( ) 4.（2009·广州） The letter from my uncle was short. There wasn't news. A. many B. a few C. much D. few ( ) 5.（2009·山东威海） ---Why didn’t you take a taxi back last night? ---Because I didn’t have any ______ with me. A. food B. bicycle C. friend D. money ( ) 6.（2009·四川成都） John always says that he likes apples of all the ______ . A. vegetables B. fruits C. drinks ( ) 7.（2009·江西） ---You look worried. What’s your ______ ? ---I have trouble learning English. A. name B. question C. problem D. job ( ) 8.（2009·江苏南京） ---Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do? ---I’m afraid we have no ______ but to take a taxi. A. choice B.decision C. reason D. information ( ) 9.（2009·河南） I like a lot, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways. A. fish B. butter C. potatoes D. noodles ( ) 10.（2009·湖北宜昌） ---In my opinion, China has more ______to deal with the disease ofA/H1N1. ---I quite agree with you. Chinese medicine works well. A. advantages B. interests C. equipments D. materials ( ) 11.（2009·湖南娄底） —It’s said that you have moved into a new house. —Yeah，and we need to buy some in the mall nearby. A. food B. furniture C. hamburger ( )12.（2009·湖北孝感） All the _______ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because it was their own holiday. A. man B. men C. woman D. women ( ) 13.（2009·湖北孝感） —Emma, who are you taking _________ of at home?
房地产专业基础知识房地产英语常用词汇大全
1.房地产 房地产又称不动产，是房产和地产的总称。房产总是和地产联结为一体的，具有整体性和不可分割性。 房产：是指房屋经济形态，在法律上有明确的权属关系，在不同的所有者与使用者之间可以进行出租、出售或作其它用途的房屋。 地产：是指土地财产，在法律上有明确的权属关系，地产包括含地面及其上下空间，地产和土地的根本区别在也就是有无权属关系。 2.房地产业 是以土地和建筑物为经营对象，从事房地产开发、建设、经营、管理以及维修、装饰和服务的集多种经济活动为一体的综合性产业。 3.房地产开发 是指在依法取得土地使用权的土地上按照使用性质的要求进行基础设施、房屋建筑的活动。 4.地产开发 是将“生地”开发成可供使用的土地（“熟地”）。 5.房地产产权 是指产权人对房屋的所有权和对该房屋所占用土地的使用权。具体容是指产权人在法律规定的围对其房地产的占有、使用、收益和处分的权利。 6.土地类型 ——居住用地70年； ——工业用地50年； ——教育、科技、文化卫生、体育用地50年； ——商业、旅游、娱乐用地40年；
——综合或其它用地50年； ——另外，加油站、加气站用地为20年； 7.三通一平 是指地皮在发展基础上的水通、电通、路通，场地平整。 8.七通一平 是指上下水通、电通、路通、排污通、通讯通、煤气通、热力通，场地平整。 9.土地使用权出让的形式 ·协议出让 ·招标出让 ·拍卖出让 ·行政划拨 使用权有权出让的土地，必须是国有土地；集体所有的土地必须办理征用手续转化为国有土地后，才能转让。有偿出让的地块可以是生地也可以是熟地，还可以是连同地上建筑物及附属设施一并出让的土地。 ·生地：待开发的土地 ·熟地：完成市政设施的土地 10.房地产市场 一级市场、二级市场、三级市场。 一级市场是指国家以土地所有者和管理者的身份，将土地使用权出让给房地产经营者与使用者的交易市场。 二级市场是指土地使用权出让后，由房地产经营者投资开发后，从事房屋出售、出租、土地转让、抵押等房地产交易。 三级市场是指在二级市场的基础上再转让或出租的房地产交易。 11.商品房 是指开发商以市场地价取得土地使用权进行开发建设并经过国土局批准在市场上流通的房地产，它是可领独立房地产证并可转让、出租、继承、抵押、赠与、交换的房地产。 12.福利商品房 是指政府按住房制度改革方案免除房地产的地价，按房屋的成本造价售给企业或符合条件的职工，带有福利性质的房屋。 13.微利商品房 与福利房不同在于不免地价，并有略高于房地产成本的微利，这类房屋由市政府主管单位筹资建设，用来解决企业职工住宅困难户，价格由政府确定，实行优惠价格政策。 14.经济适用房 经济适用房是面向中低收入家庭的普通住宅。 15.自建房（集资房） 是指各单位自筹资金或合资兴建房屋。产权由投资单位所有，一般自用为主，不得在市场上流通（按规定已补交地价的除外）。 16.房地产产权证 是房屋土地权属凭证合二为一，是房地产权属的法律凭证。 17.“五证”