英语四六级考试译文笔记 第11篇

英语四六级考试译文笔记  第11篇
英语四六级考试译文笔记  第11篇

英语作文写作及翻译老师笔记(四六级考试)

1.有充分文献证实,过大的压力会引起焦虑以及抑郁。因此,对自己期望过高或经常担心成绩的学生患上这些心理症状的风险很高。

It is well documented that(1.有充分文献证实)intense pressure can lead to(2.导致)both anxiety and depression. Consequently, students who place excessively high expectations on (3.对……期望过高)themselves or are constantly worried about their grades will be at high risk of(4.……的风险很高)developing these emotional symptoms. 1- It is well documented that

be well documented可以直译为“被详细记录”,that引导主语从句,it为形式主语。

词典释义:

document

verb transitive UK [?d?k.j?.m?nt/

to record the details of an event, a process, etc. 记录,记载

?His interest in cricket has been well-documented(= recorded and written about) by the media.他对板球的兴趣在媒体的报道中都有详细的记载。

外刊例句:

It is well documented that loneliness and social isolation among older people in the UK is increasing, resulting in challenges such as increased costs of caring for older people in hospital as this article suggests.

有充分文献证实,英国老年人群中的孤独和社交隔离给政府带来了各种挑战,比如本文所述的正不断增加的老年人医疗花费。

学生错误表达:

(1)There are sufficient references proven that

点评:reference一般指“引文出处,参考书目”,用在这里不妥。

(2)According to abundant materials

点评:material指写文章时用到的素材和资料,用在这里不准确。

总结:大多数同学是通过中文意思直译过来,把“文献”翻译成名词,没有document作动词表示地简洁有力。

2- lead to

词典释义:

lead ●●○○○

11.VERB 动词招致;致使;导致 If something leads to a situation or event, usually an unpleasant one, it begins a process which causes that situation or event to happen.

【语法信息】:V to n

?Ethnic tensions among the republics could lead to civil war...共和国之间紧张的种族关系可能会引发内战。

?He warned yesterday that a pay rise for teachers would lead to job cuts.他昨天警告说,给教师们加薪会导致职位的裁减。

外刊例句:

Spurring Mr Kiriyenko on is dread of an abrupt devaluation which could lead to a collapse of confidence in the economy, not only among foreign investors but among Russian citizens. (https://www.360docs.net/doc/58770491.html,)

刺激到基里延科先生是对于突发的货币贬值的恐惧,因为在此影响下,不单是外国投资者,

俄罗斯群众也会丧失对经济的信心。

替换表达:result in / cause / give rise to

学生错误表达:

(1)induce

点评:induce是指“诱导某人做某事”,不可以用来指“导致……的结果”。

3- place excessively high expectations on

词典释义:

expectation

[?ek.spek'te?.??n] noun

IMPROVER countable usually plural

■when you expect good things to happen in the future 期盼;盼望;希望

?The holiday lived up to all our expectations (= was as good as we were expecting).假期过得一点也没有令我们失望。

?I have high expectations for this job (= I believe it will be good).我对这份工作有很高期望。

?We did so well - beyond all (= better than) our expectations.我们做得非常好——远远超出我们的预期。

?I think she had unrealistic expectations of motherhood.我觉得她对当妈妈的憧憬有些不切实际。

外刊例句:

This hope of escaping solitude is, I suspect, why people put such high expectations

on their partner. (The Guardian)

我怀疑,人们之所以对伴侣报以如此高期待的原因是他们希望借此能逃离孤独。

替换表达:have/hold unrealistic expectations

学生错误表达:

(1)have over high target of

点评:中式表达,target是指“目标”,而不是指期望。

(2)hold an inflated expectation above

点评:中式表达,inflated是指想法和主张等过于夸张,不可以用来修饰expectation,此外,expectation后面的介词应该是for,不是above

4- be at high risk of doing

词典释义:

[r?sk] noun

at the risk of doing sth

■used before you say something that may seem offensive or stupid (表示自己说的话可能造成冒犯或听起来很蠢)冒着…的风险

?At the risk of seeming rude, I'm afraid I have to leave now.恕我失礼,恐怕我现在必须得走了。

?At the risk of sounding stupid, how do I send this email? 问一个傻问题,我怎么发出这封电子邮件呢?

外刊例句:

A 2013 paper by Carl Benedikt Frey and Michael Osborne, of the University of Oxford, argued that jobs are at high risk of being automated in 47% of the occupational categories into which work is customarily sorted. That includes accountancy, legal work, technical writing and a lot of other white-collar occupations.(https://www.360docs.net/doc/58770491.html,)

由牛津大学专家贝内迪克·弗雷和马歇尔·奥斯波勒所作的论文认为47%的日常工作都很有可能遭机器人替代,这包括诸如会计、法律工作和技术性写作等大量白领职业。

替换表达:There is a high risk that...

学生错误表达:

(1)be in high risk of

点评:这里介词使用错误,应该是be at high risks of

(2)have high potential of

点评:表达不准确,potential是指做某事的潜力,不能用来指风险的可能性。

(3)take a high risk of

点评:表达错误,take a risk of 表示“冒着……的风险”,如:So you make a good decision to take a risk of something you didn't even know it was there. 所以,你决定去冒险,一个你甚至不知道它就在那里的险。

Q:emotional并没有“心理”相关的意思,为什么“心理症状”要用它呢?

A:这里emotional有“心理上,情感上”的意思

emotional

UK[?'m??.??n.?l]US[-'mo?-]adjective

ESSENTIAL

■relating to the emotions 情绪(上)的,情感(上)的

?a child's emotional development孩子情感方面的发展

?My doctor said the problem was more emotional than physical.我的医生说问题主要出在情感方面而不是身体机能上。

?Amnesia can be caused by emotional trauma.情感创伤可以使人罹患健忘症。

这里使用psychological/mental symptoms也可以。

Q:老师您好,我用的是it has been well documented that 完成时表示可以吗?

A:可以,但是这里没必要使用完成时,更加常见的说法是it is well documented that

Q:lead to both anxiety and depression可以不加both吗?

A:可以,不加both句子也成立。

It is well documented that intense pressure can lead to both anxiety and depression. Consequently, students who place excessively high expectations on themselves or are constantly worried about their grades will be at high risk of developing these emotional symptoms.

[分析] 第一个句子是一个被动句,其中It是形式主语,其真正主语是that引导的名词性从句。该that从句是一个主谓宾结构,其中,intense pressure是主语,can lead to是谓语,both anxiety and depression是由并列连词both …and …连接的宾语部分。

第二个句子是一个主系表结构,其主干部分是students …will be at high risk。句首的Consequently作状语,顺承上句而来,表明本句是上句的结果。

主语部分中,students后跟一个由关系代词who引导的定语从句who place excessively high expectations on themselves or are constantly worried about their grades,对students进行限定。在该定语从句中,who作主语,or连接了两个并列的谓语部分place excessively high expectations on themselves和are constantly worried about their grades,表明两种情况的学生,在第一个谓语部分中,place作谓语,excessively作状语,high expectations作宾语,on themselves作状语。第二个谓语部分中,are是系动词,constantly worried about their grades是表语。

句子的表语部分中,由of引导的介词短语修饰high risk,这里既可以将developing these

emotional symptoms看做high risk的同位语,也可以看做high risk的定语。

2.

对于本科生来说,决定毕业之后做什么毫不夸张地说是一个艰难的抉择。对于绝大多数学生来说,他们都在读研究生与找工作之间做选择。

For undergraduate students, deciding what to do upon graduation(1.毕业之后)can be a tough decision to say the least(2.毫不夸张地说). For the vast majority of (3.绝大多数)students, the choice is between pursuing postgraduate studies (4.读研究生)and finding a job.

1- upon graduation

upon作为介词,有“一……(就……)”的含义,后跟名词或动名词。

词典释义:

upon●●●●○

2.PREP 介词一…即…;一…就…You use upon when mentioning an event that is followed immediately by another event.

【搭配模式】:PREP -ing/n

【语域标签】:FORMAL 正式

?The door on the left, upon entering the church, leads to the Crypt of St Issac...一进教堂左边的那扇门通往圣以撒墓。

?Upon conclusion of these studies, the patient was told that she had a severe problem.这些研究的结果出来后,病人被告知她的病情严重。

外刊例句:

Getting work experience either before you start studying chemical engineering

or during your studies is recommended. You'll get a better understanding of what the industry is all about and it's not uncommon for students who make a good impression on placements to be offered a full-time job at the same

company upon graduation. (The Guardian)

在开始学习化学工程前或者是在学习途中去找些实习积累工作经验是个广为推荐的做法。你可以借此更好地了解到该行业的概况。再者,实习表现优秀的学生经常能在毕业后获得公司的全职工作邀请。

替换表达:soon after graduation

学生错误表达:

(1)after graduating

点评:应该改为after graduating from college

2- to say the least

词典释义:

16.PHRASE 短语轻则;往轻里说;客气点说You can use to say the least to suggest that a situation is actually much more extreme or serious than you say it is.

【搭配模式】:PHR with cl

【语用信息】:emphasis

?Accommodation was basic to say the least...往轻里说是住宿条件简陋。

?Some members of the public can be a bit abusive to say the least.有些民众客气点说是嘴里不大干净。

外刊例句:

There was great excitement last year when the government announced that it would open the stockmarket to foreign investment on June 15th. But the rules it laid out this week governing such investments are cautious, to say the

least. (https://www.360docs.net/doc/58770491.html,)

政府在上年6月15日宣布要把股票市场对外资开放,大家当时都非常激动。然而,政府在本周公布了对于外资的具体管理条例,而这些条例往轻里说吧,就是很谨慎。

替换表达:without exaggeration / it is no exaggeration to say that

学生错误表达:

(1)without exaggerated speaking

点评:中式表达,这里可以改为without exaggeration

(2)It can be said without any exaggeration that

点评:可以改为更常见的it is no exaggeration to say that

3- the vast majority of

词典释义:

the vast majority (of sth)used when you want to emphasize that something is true about almost all of a group of people or things(…的)绝大多数:

?The vast majority of books on the subject are complete rubbish.有关这一话题的绝大多数书籍都是一派胡言。

外刊例句:

Basing its research on the Forbes rich list and data provided by investment bank Credit Suisse, Oxfam said the vast majority of people in the bottom half of the world’s population were facing a daily struggle to survive, with 70% of them living in low-income countries. (The Guardian)

牛津饥荒救济委员会基于福布斯的财富榜和投资银行瑞士信托集团提供的数据进行了研究,他们称全球半数人生活在社会底层,这些人大部分每日都得艰难某生,朝不虑夕,其中70%生活在低收入国家。

学生错误表达:

(1)large amounts of

点评:amount of后面要接不可数名词,而student是可数名词,不能说large amounts of students

(2)mostly

点评:mostly是副词,不能修饰students,这里可以改为most students

4- pursue postgraduate studies

词典释义:

postgraduate

UK[?p??st'gr?d?.u.?t] US[?po?st'gr?d?.u-] noun countable(US

usually graduate)

■a student who has already got one degree and is studying at a university for a more advanced qualification 研究生

UK[?p??st'gr?d?.u.?t] US[?po?st'gr?d?.u-] adjective[before noun] (mainly US graduate)

■describes university studies or students at a more advanced level than a first degree 研究生(课程)的

?postgraduate studies/research研究生的学习/研究

?a postgraduate degree in microbiology微生物学研究生学位

外刊例句:

First started in 1983, the Chevening programme is touted by the UK government as a prestigious international scholarship scheme that fully or partly funds some 1,000 individuals from over 130 countries to pursue postgraduate studies in British

universities every year. (The Guardian)

英国政府一直吹嘘始于1983年的志奋领项目是项赫赫有名的国际奖学金项目,称该项目每年全额或部分资助分别来自130个国家的到英国大学攻读研究生学位的千名学生。

替换表达:pursue graduate studies / attend graduate school

学生错误表达:

(1)complete a master degree

点评:master degree应该改为master’s degree,这里用complete修饰degree不妥,可以改为pursue a master’s degree

Q:graduate 和postgraduate的区别?

A:graduate和postgraduate都有“研究生的”这一层含义,不同的是postgraduate 为英式用法,而graduate为美式用法。

3.

适当地参与各种体育活动、俱乐部以及志愿者工作对于学生来说实际上是一种很好的日常减压方式。压力更小的学生自然而然会更加健康快乐。

Spending an appropriate amount of time participating in (1.参与)sports, clubs or volunteer work can actually be an excellent way for students to (2.一个很好的方式)relieve everyday stress(3.日常减压). Students who are less stressed out(4.焦虑)will naturally be happier and healthier.

1- participate in

词典释义:

participate

UK[pɑ:'t?s.?.pe?t] US[pɑ:r't?s.?-] verb intransitive

IMPROVER

■to take part in or become involved in an activity 参与,参加

?She never participates in any of our discussions, does she? 她从不参加我们的任何讨论,不是吗?

UK[pɑ:'t?s.?.pe?t] US[pɑ:r't?s.?-] verb intransitive

participate When participate is

followed by a direct object, remember to use the preposition in. Don't say 'participate something' or 'participate to something', say participate in something :

?She participates to a lot of sports activities. She participates in a lot of sports activities.

外刊例句:

As a result, Ofsted commissioned external research into the educational background of those who participate in sports at elite level, with an interest in whether there was a link between the quality of competitive school sport and later sporting success. (The Guardian)

因此,英国教育标准办公室为了查明学校体育比赛与参赛者日后的体育成就是否有关,委托了外面机构研究那些体育精英的教育背景。

替换表达:be/get involved in

2- an excellent way (for sb) (to do sth)

词典释义:

excellent

['ek.s?l.?nt] adjective

ESSENTIAL

■extremely good 卓越的;优秀的;杰出的;极好的

?The food was excellent.这食物非常美味。

?Her car is in excellent condition.她的汽车车况非常好。

?The fall in interest rates is excellent news for borrowers.对于借贷人来讲,利率降低是个好消息。

外刊例句:

Wind farms are controversial. Some people think they are an excellent way to generate green electricity whereas others reckon they are a blot on the landscape and a danger to birds. (https://www.360docs.net/doc/58770491.html,)

风力农场极富争议。部分人认为它们是绿色发电的绝佳手段,而其他人则觉得他们十分碍眼,大煞风景,还可能危及鸟类。

3- relieve everyday stress

词典释义:

relieve

[r?'li:v] verb

MAKE BETTER减轻

ADVANCED transitive

■to make an unpleasant feeling, such as pain or worry, less strong 缓解,减轻,解除(疼痛或担忧);使宽心,使宽慰

?She was given a shot of morphine to relieve the pain.医生给她注射了一针吗啡来止痛。

?She relieved her boredom at home by learning how to type.她在家学打字来打发无聊的时光。

ADVANCED transitive

■to improve an unpleasant situation 缓和,缓解(令人不快的局势)

?The council is considering banning vehicles from the town centre

to relieve congestion.市政会正在考虑禁止车辆驶入市中心,以缓解交通拥堵的问题。

everyday

['ev.ri.de?] adjective

■ordinary, typical or usual 日常的;通常的;普通的

?the everyday lives of ordinary Russian citizens普通俄国人的日常生活

?Death was an everyday occurrence during the Civil War.在内战期间,死亡是很普遍的事。

['ev.ri.de?] adjective

everyday Remember: everyday is an

adjective and is usually used before a noun. To describe how

regularly something is repeated, don't write 'everyday', write every day: I try to read English newspapers every day.

外刊例句:

These chemicals are scientifically proven to lower blood pressure, relieve

stress and boost the growth of cancer-fighting white blood cells. (The Guardian)这些化学元素已经过科学证明有助于降低血压,缓解压力和促进有抗癌作用的白细胞的增长。

替换表达:relax and de-stress sb from the pressure/tension/rigors of daily life

学生错误表达:

(1)lessen pressure

点评:“减轻压力”一般可以说reduce/lower pressure,没有lessen pressure的说法。4- be stressed out

词典释义:

[stres] verb

Phrasal Verbs [M] stress sb out

■to make someone feel very nervous and worried 令(某人)紧张;使(某人)焦虑不安

?Interviews always stress me out.面试总是令我非常紧张。

外刊例句:

Kids are stressed out by the amount of hoop-jumping they’ve got to do too. In a fortnight, like every year 2 pupil in England, my seven-year-olds will do their standard assessment tests, or Sats –a week of exams prioritising things like grammar, spelling, punctuation and handwriting. (https://www.360docs.net/doc/58770491.html,)

孩子也得接受重重磨练,这让他们倍感焦虑。在傍晚,我7岁大的儿子将和其他英国的2年级学生一样,进行他们的标准水平测验考试(Sats),此考试持续一周,所考科目依次为语法、拼写、标点和书写。

替换表达:be anxious/tense/worried/stressed

Q:适当地,例句中用了Spending appropriate amount of time,我翻译的时候想“适当地”这个词想和很久都找不到满意的表达方式,这种意译的方式很好,可是不知道什么时候该用,什么时候不需要用。

A:如果不确定可不可以用,可以查词典,看看词典例句里面有没有对应的用法。

Q:participate和take part in:to be involved in an activity with other people;看不出有什么区别,两者可以互换?

A:是的,两者可以互换。但participate in会比take part in更为正式。

Q:“志愿者工作”volunteer work可以换成voluntary work?

A:可以,两个都有“志愿者工作”的含义。

Q:Students with less pressure would naturally be more healthy and happy. 这样子表达可以吗?不用happier and healthier而用more healthy and happy?望老师解答。

A:不可以。Healthy和happy的比较级形式分别是healthier和happier,不能说more healthy,要说healthier,happy也同理。

4.如果像音乐、艺术、体育这样的学科被大学取消的话,社会上有才华的音乐家、演员和运动员数量就会停滞不前。无数的艺术家都是在大学学习期间磨练技能,后来迅速走红。

If subjects such as music, art and physical education were shunned(1.避开)by colleges and universities, society would face a gradual stagnation(2.停滞不前)of talented musicians, actors and athletes. Countless artists have honed their skills(3.磨练技能)during their college studies and subsequently risen to stardom(4.迅速走红).

1-be shunned

shun指有意地避开。

词典释义:

shun

[??n] (-nn-)

verb transitive

■to avoid something 避开,避免

?She has shunned publicity since she retired from the theatre.告别舞台生涯后,她便远离了大众的注意。

■to ignore someone and not speak to them because you cannot accept their behaviour, beliefs, etc. 躲避,回避

?After the trial he was shunned by friends and family alike.审判后,朋友和家人都躲着他。

外刊例句:

Pupils must often adhere to exact rules about their uniforms, hairstyles and grooming. Individuals who do not kuuki wo yomu (roughly translated as “read the vibes”) can be shunned by other members of the class. (https://www.360docs.net/doc/58770491.html,)孩子常常得遵守严格的纪律来管理自身着装、发型和装扮。不懂得“kuuki wo yomu”(可大致理解为察颜观色)的孩子会遭到班上的其他人有意回避。

替换表达:be removed

2- stagnation

词典释义:

stag·na·tion

\stag?nāsh?n, -aig-\ noun

(-s)

1.:the state or condition of being stagnant : absence or cessation of movement, growth, or activity :torpor

大学英语四级试卷-英语四级考试模拟题及答7

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Calculate for a moment what could be done with even a part of those hours. Five thousand hours, I am told, are what a typical college undergraduate spends working on a bachelor's degree. In 10,000 hours you could have learned enough to become an astronomer or engineer. You could have learned several languages fluently. If it appealed to you, you could be reading Homer in the original Greek or Dostoyevsky in Russian. If it didn't, you could have walked around the world and written a book about it. The trouble with television is that it discourages concentration. Almost anything interesting and rewarding in life requires some constructive, consistently applied effort. The dullest, the least gifted of us can achieve things that seem miraculous to those who never concentrate on anything. But Television encourages us to apply no effort. It sells us instant gratification(满意). It diverts us only to divert, to make the time pass without pain. Television's variety becomes a narcotic(麻醉的), nor a stimulus. Its serial, kaleidoscopic (万花筒般的)exposures force us to follow its lead. The viewer is on a perpetual guided tour: 30 minutes at the museum, 30 at the cathedral, 30 for a drink, then back on the bus to the next attraction—except on television., typically, the spans allotted arc on the order of minutes or seconds, and the chosen delights are more often car crashes and people killing one another. In short, a lot of television usurps(篡夺;侵占) one of the most precious of all human gifts, the ability to focus your attention yourself, rather than just passively surrender it. Capturing your attention—and holding it—is the prime motive of most television programming and enhances its role as a profitable advertising vehicle. Programmers live in constant fear of losing anyone's attention—anyone's. The surest way to avoid doing so is to keep everything brief, not to strain the attention of anyone but instead to provide constant stimulation through variety, novelty, action and movement. Quite

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