[英语考试]自考英美文学个人笔记心得体会超经典.doc
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[英语考试]自考英美文学个人笔记心得体
会超经典
CKMid 2009Reading Comprehesion (British AmericanLiterature) Reading comprehension AmericanLiterature Catalog
第一章英国文学 1.1上古世纪及中世纪英国文学简介 1.2THERENAISSANCE PERIOD(文艺复兴时期) 1.2.1Edmund['edm?nd]Spenser(埃德蒙斯宾赛)
1.2.2ChristopherMarlowe(克里斯托夫马洛) 1.2.3WilliamShakespeare(威廉
莎士比亚) 1.2.4FrancisBacon(弗兰西斯培根).................................................................. ................................ 10 1.2.5John Donne(约翰邓恩)
121.2.6John Milton(约翰弥尔顿) 131.3THE NEOCLASSICAL PERIOD(新古典主义时期) 131.3.1John Bunyan(约翰班扬) 141.3.2Alexander[liɡ'zɑ:nd?] Pope(亚历山大蒲柏) 151.3.3Daniel['dnj?l] Defoe[di'f?u] (丹尼尔笛福)
161.3.4Jonathan['d 171.3.5 Henry Fielding(亨利费尔丁) 171.3.6
Samuel['smju?l] Johnson(塞缪尔约翰逊).................................................................. ........ 18 1.3.7Richard Brinsley Sheridan(理查比谢立丹) 181.3.8 Thomas Gray(托马斯格雷).................................................................. .................................... 19 1.4THE ROMANTIC PERIOD(浪漫主义时期) 201.4.1William Blake (威兼布莱克) 201.4.2 William Wordsworth(威廉华兹华斯) 211.4.3 Samuel Taylor 221.4.4 George Gordon Byron(乔治戈登拜伦) 231.4.5Percy Bysshe Shelley (波比雪莱) 241.4.6 John Keats(约翰济慈) 241.4.7 Jane Austen['?:stin] (简奥斯汀) 251.5 VICTORIAN[VIK'T?:RI ?N]PERIOD维多利亚时期 261.5.1 Charles Dickens(查尔斯狄更斯) 271.5.2 BronteSisters(布朗蒂姐妹).................................................................. ............................. 27 1.5.3 Alfred Tennyson['lfrid] ['tenisn] (阿尔弗雷德丁尼生) 281.5.4 Robert Browning（罗伯特布朗宁） 29Reading comprehension AmericanLiterature 1.5.5George Eliot['elj?t] (乔治艾略特) 291.5.6 Thomas Hardy(托马斯哈代) 301.6 MODERNPERIOD(现代主义).................................................................. .............. 31 1.6.1 George Bernard Shaw(乔治萧伯纳) 331.6.2 John Galsworthy['ɡ?:lzw?:i] 341.6.3 William Butler Yeats[jeits]（威廉巴特勒叶芝） 341.6.4 T.S. Eliot['elj?t]（T.S.埃略特） 351.6.5 D.H. Lawrence['l ?r?ns] (戴维伯特劳伦斯) 361.6.6 James Joyce[d eimz] ?is]（詹姆斯乔伊斯）.............................................................37 第二章美国文学 402.1THE ROMANTIC PERIOD(浪漫主义时期) 402.1.1Washington Irving['?:vi](华盛顿欧文) 402.1.2Ralph Waldo Emerson[rlf] ['w?:ld?u]
['em?sn] (拉尔夫华尔多爱默生) 412.1.3Nathaniel Hawthorne[n?'θnj?l] (纳撒尼尔霍桑) 422.1.4 Walt Whitman[w?:lt] ['witm?n](华尔特惠特曼) 432.1.5 Herman Melville(赫尔曼麦尔维尔) 442.2 REALISTICPERIOD(现实主义时期) 452.2.1 Mark Twain(马克吐温) 462.2.2 Henry James(亨利詹姆斯).................................................................. ..................................... 47 2.2.3 Emily Dickinson(艾米莉狄金森) 482.2.4 Theodore Dreiser(西奥多德莱塞) 492.3 MODERNPERIOD(现代时期).................................................................. .............. 50 2.3.1 Ezra Pound(埃兹拉庞德) 502.3.2 Robert Lee Frost(罗伯特弗洛斯特) 512.3.3 Eugene 522.3.4 F.Scott Fitzgerald(司各特菲兹杰拉德) 522.3.5 Ernest Hemingway(欧内斯特海明威) 532.3.6 William Faulkner(威廉福克纳) 54Reading comprehension AmericanLiterature 第一章英国文学 1.1 上古世纪及中世纪英国文学简介 oldEnglish literature extends from about 450 NormanConquest England.2、Generally speaking, OldEnglish poetry hassurvived can twogroups: religiousgroup
secular['sekjul?]世俗的one. 3、Beowulf[?be???w?lf] 贝奥武夫（一个英雄名）typicalexample OldEnglish poetry, regardedtoday nationalepic 史诗Anglo-saxons.['ɡl?u'sks?n] [pl. ]盎格鲁撒克逊族(古英国人的一个种族) 盎格鲁撒克逊语(又名古代英语 Old English) 4、Romance 浪漫史 which uses narrative['nr?tiv]叙述的 verse 诗句 prose散文 singknightly 骑士的adventures otherheroic[hi'r?uik] deeds popularliterary form
medieval[medi'i:v?l]period. Reading comprehension AmericanLiterature firsttime Englishliterature, comprehensiverealistic picture medievalEnglish society wholegallery 走廊 vividcharacters from all walks mostlikely Geoffery Chaucer’s CanterburyTales. Chaucerintroduced from France rhymedstanzas [raim]押韵诗节 varioustypes Englishpoetry oldEnglish alliterative verse Englishpoetry.750 1.2The Renaissance Period(文艺复兴时期) 文艺复兴时期：中世纪自现代的中间转折期（14世纪到17 世纪中叶）英国文学家认为Petrarch彼德拉克是文学的根源文艺复兴早期，诗歌和戏剧是最突出的形式，代表人物Ben Johnson, William Shakespeare. Renaissancemarks transitionfrom modernworld. Generally, periodbetween 14th mid-17th centuries. Reading comprehension AmericanLiterature Renaissance,which means rebirth movementstimulated historicalevents, ancientRoman Greekculture, newdiscoveries astrology占星术, religiousreformation economicexpansion. 3、Humanism Renaissance.人道主义是文艺复兴时期的本质 4、One majorresults everychurch serviceswere held Englishso peoplecould understand. religiousreformation classstruggle waged newrising bourgeoisie[bu? wɑ:'zi:]资产阶级 against feudal封建的class itsideology[aidi'?l?d i]观念学 6、Petrarch['petr:k] fountainhead 根源 Englishwriters.英国作家认为彼特拉克是文学的根源 earlystage Renaissance,poetry poetic[p?u'etik]drama were mostoutstanding literary forms werecarried BenJonson.本-琼森1300 8、Eliabethan[iliz?'bi:θ?n] drama EnglishRenaissance. 伊丽莎白时代的戏剧是英国文艺复兴的主流。
1.2.1Edmund['edm?nd] Spenser(埃德蒙斯宾赛) 12本书的12 种品德 Reading comprehension AmericanLiterature Spenser的红十字骑士代表神圣仙后的结局：骑士和Una结婚 Spenser：诗人中的诗人1、Spenser’s masterpiece FaerieQueene.仙后 2、Spenser speaks 12virtues privategentleman, plans12 books, each one differenthero distinguished privatevirtues. heroes,who possesses all Arthur亚瑟, 12major adventures.1600 Redcrossknight patronsaint England;he also represents Holiness. FaerieQueene ends happywedding between Redcross knight Una.17006、Spenser has been known poets’poet” 7、Five main qualities spenser’spoetry: perfectmelody. ['mel ?di]旋律完好的旋律 raresense beauty;少有的美感 splendidimagination; 辉煌的想像力 loftymoral purity seriousness高尚的道德洁净性和认真性dedicatedidealism.热诚的理想主义 Reading comprehension AmericanLiterature 1.2.2ChristopherMarlowe(克里斯托夫马洛) 代表作：共写了六个剧本，最重要的是,Tamburlain, Dr. Faustus, Jew Melta,Edward II Tamburlain描写一个有野心的征服者,从牧师成为了国王 Dr.Faustus 是基于
一个德国的传说，一个魔术师为了追求真理，把自己的灵魂卖给了魔鬼mostgifted “universitywits”, Marlowe composed sixplays within his short lifetime. Among them mostimportant are:Tamburlaine, Dr.Faustus, Malta,Edward II 爱德华. 2、Tamburlaine playabout pitiless有野心的并且无情的 conqueror ['k?k?r?]征服者 14th century who rose from shepherd['ep ?d] 牧师 overpoweringking.2200 3、Dr.Faustus playbased Germanlegend 魔术师aspiring [?s'pai?ri]追求 finallymeeting his tragic end sellinghis soul humanpassion knowledge,power alsoreveals man’s frustration highaspirations[sp?'rei?n]志向 hostilemoral order; Reading comprehension AmericanLiterature cruelestfact man’scondition. 5、Marlowe’s greatest achievement lies heperfected blankverse principalmedium Englishdrama. 6、Marlowe’s second achievement hiscreation Renaissancehero Englishdrama. 7、Marlowe bestknown Englishdrama. shortpoem passionateshepherd hislove” mostbeautiful lyrics 歌词 Englishliterature.2800 1.2.3William Shakespeare(威廉莎士比亚) 代表作：A两个叙述诗：维纳斯和安东尼斯六个喜剧：夏日晚上的梦，威尼斯商人，小题大做，只要你喜欢，第十二夜，温莎女子最伟大的四大悲剧：Hamlet,Othello, King lear, Macbeth 莎士比亚：伟大的剧作家和诗人，38个剧本，154 个十四行诗，2 个长诗 18个十四行诗是莎士比亚最美的十四行诗Shakespeare认为这样一个原则：君主统一是必须的 takeaction. 许多人把“威尼斯商人”看作是基督徒的虚伪，对犹太人的不公正1、William Shakespeare mostremarkable playwrights 剧作家 worldhas ever know. his38 plays, 154 soonets 十四行诗 longpoems, Reading comprehension AmericanLiterature hehas established his giant position worldliterature. 2、From about 1591 about1611, Shakespeare primeof(正值壮年) his dramatic carrer.
1594,Shakespeare published two narrative poems 叙述诗, Venus Adonis维纳斯和安东尼斯 Lucrece鲁克斯受辱记. 4、Shakespeare’s comedies include: Mid-summerNight’s dream, Venice['venis]威尼斯,Much Ado[?'du:] About Nothing 小题大做, youlike Twelfthnight, merrywives windsor['winz?]温莎
(姓氏) 5、Shakespeare’s tragedies include: Remeo Juliet,Julius Caesar. u:lj?s]['si:z?]朱利叶斯(男子名)暴君 soliloquies[s?'lil?kwi](pl. -quies) 自言自语、独白in Shakespeare’s plays
北京外国语大学英美文学专业初试复试备考经验及03
北外英美文学专业初试复试备考经验及 03—06真题 准备考研的时间不长，只有三个月，总结起来两大经验吧，细节和节奏。细节是说考研要做个有心人，要勤看别人的经验，即使不是一个方向的。因为虽然准备的内容不同，但过程都是一样的（讲到底也只有专二不同）。学习别人的经验自己才能避免走别人的弯路，犯别人犯过的错误。节奏是说时间的充分利用，时间不在长短而在效率的高低，要根据自己的情况制定合适的复习计划。在这里给大家小小的鼓励一下：永远不要觉得时间不够用，也永远不要觉得这是不可能完成的的任务。当然要基于自身实力和现实的考虑，我相信大家都明白我的意思。等到真正做到了，你就是那个“传说”。 政治：六十多分没什么经验。。。。。。总的感觉是过线不拉分就好因为进入复试政治和二外就不算分了，不要给自己太大的压力，不要浪费过多的时间，节省下来精力好好看专业。 法语：学校用的是很老的橘黄色皮的《法语》，先复习一遍，把忘掉的知识捡回来。然后把历年真题研究一遍，考察的知识点就那么多，有的题基本没变隔年又考一次。从图书馆借来新大学法语1-3，从头到尾梳理知识点整理笔记。因为知道考什么，所以看得有重点。借书的好处之一就是“书非借不能读也”，借来的总要还，有压力就看得快了，而且借的书都少都有点笔记，看看也是很好的。
基英：分阅读，翻译和写作三个部分。像名字一样就是考察英语的基础，所以投机取巧是不可取的，要稳扎稳打地不间断复习。阅读--每天精读一篇1500字左右的新闻，有用的词句整理出来，有兴趣的段落翻一翻，阅读是最好的输入方式，扩大阅读量不言而喻，也对写作和翻译大有益处。翻译--练了叶子南里面几个靠谱的文章，订在一起没事看看，每翻译一篇都会看到自己逐步的进步，翻译得逐渐成熟。写作—写作看的是内容、结构和语法。虽然在考场上不可能三方面都完美，但是写的时候有这样的意识在脑子里，偏也偏不到哪里去。基础自认为还是不错的，所以每天的复习就是一个routine，保持对英语的娴熟度，主要的精力都集中在复习专业上了。 专业：文学选段匹配+小说分析，今年取消了逻辑题。虽然文学的复习范围没边没沿，文学著作浩如烟海；但是恶俗的讲一句，只要是考试，它就有它的侧重点和一定的规律。文学选段匹配--本着上一原则，我把历年真题找来统计了一下每年考得上都是谁的作品，集中在哪几部作品上。统计过后发现大概十人左右而且都是大家Mark Twain, Charles Dicke ns, Wordsworth…然后就拜读他们的大作就好了。小说的话要先看看写作风格，像总考的adventures of huckleberry finn，如果没读过现读是来不及的，但只要了解马克吐温的写作风格，就会在看到南方方言的第一时间想到他老人家。诗歌
英美文学学习笔记-The_Romantic_Period-EL1
Chapter 3 The Romantic Period-the English Literature A basic introduction to the romantic period. 1) Began in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge's Lyrical Ballads and to have ended in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott's death and the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament. 2) what are the characxteristics of the Romantic literature? A) In poetry writing, the Romantics employed new theories and innovated new techniques, for example, the preface to the second edition of the "Lyrical Ballads"acts as a manifesto for the new school B)The Romantics not only extol the faculty of Ballads acts as a manifesto for the new school. B) The Romantics not only extol the faculty of imagination, but also elevate the concepts of spontaneity and inspiration. C) They regarded nature as the major source of poetic imagery and the dominant subject. D) Romantics also tend to be nationalistic. 3) The Romantic period is an age of poetry. Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, shelley and Keats are the major Romantic poets. They started a rebellion against the neoclassical literature, which was later regarded as the poetic revolution. 4) We can say that Romanticism actually consitutes a change of direction from attention to the outer 1) Literarily Blake was the first important Romantic poet , shwoing a contempt for the rule of reason,i th l i l t diti f th 18th t d t i th i di id l'i i ti )y y g world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit. In essence it designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and all experience.William Blake opposing the classical tradition of the 18th century, and treasuring the individual's imagination.2) The Songs of Innocence is a lovely volume of poems, presenting a happy and innocent world, though not without its evils and sufferings; his Songs of Experience paints a different world, a world of misery,poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone . 3) particularly the practice of selling young children into apprenticeships, a practice which provides the context for the opening lines of the "Chimney Sweeper." The two "Chimney Sweeper" poems are good examples to reveal the relation between an economic circumstance,i.e.the exploitation of child labor,examples to reveal the relation between an economic circumstance, i.e. the exploitation of child labor,and an ideological cir cumstance, i.e. the role played by religion in making people compliant to exploitation. The poem from the Songs of Innocence indicates the conditions which make religion a consolation, a prospect of "illusory happiness;" the poem from the Songs of Experience reveals the true nature of religion which helps bring misery to the poor children. 4) Blake's Marriage of Heaven and Hell marks his entry into maturity(天堂与地狱的结合一诗标志着他创作上的成熟). 5) The Bok of Urizen, The Book of Los, The Four Zoas, and Milton (尤来森之书，洛斯之书，四个左义斯，弥尔顿）。 The Tyger The Chimney Sweeper ( from Songs of Innocence/Experien ce)
英美文学重点整理
What’s symbolism? 1）Symbolism is a movement in literature and the visual arts that originated in France in the late 19th century. In literature, symbolism was an aesthetic movement that encouraged writers to express their ideas, feelings, and values by means of symbols or suggestions rather than by direct statements. Hawthorne and Melville are masters of symbolism in America in the 19th century. 2）举例。
48. “Young Goodman Brown ”is one of Hawthorne ’s most profound tales. What is the allegorical meaning of Brown, the protagonist? What does Hawthorne set out to prove in this tale? How does Melville comment on Hawthorne ’s manner of concerning with guilt and evil?
**ELIZABETH **4. A comparison of the three giants: William Dean Howells; Mark Twain; and Henry James They are the three dominant figures of the realistic period. The forerunner of American Realism is Howells. Though the three writers wrote more or less at the same time, they differed in their understanding of the “truth.”While Mark Twain and Howells seemed to have paid more attention to the “life”of the Americans, Henry James had apparently laid a greater emphasis on the “inner world”of man. Though Twain and Howells both shared the same concern in presenting the truth of the American society, they had each of them different emphasis. Howells focused his discussion on the rising middle class and the way they lived, while Twain preferred to have his own region and people at the forefront of his stories. This particular concern about the local character of a region came about as “local colorism,”a unique variation (变体) of American literary realism.
山东师范大学英美文学考研资料外国语学院终审稿)
山东师范大学英美文学考研资料外国语学院 文稿归稿存档编号：[KKUY-KKIO69-OTM243-OLUI129-G00I-FDQS58-
007 外国语学院更新时间：2010-9-8
复式科目英语语言文学 《英美概况(导读)》来安方编写大象出版社
这本书在网上似乎很难找到但是是考试必备的! 很多山师往年的试题都能在书中找到原题的答案! 但是遗憾的是都是中文的,考试的时候需要你自己把这些答案翻译成英文 也许是导师们想考考我们的理解水平和汉译英翻译能力吧 我当时备考的时候在书中把往年考过的题都做了标记而且把每一个自己认为可能考到的条目都翻译成了英语做成笔记，等快考试的时候就看自己的笔记就比较省力了下面是在书中出现的三道往年考题了 Yours is not why but how. 记得是07年的一个问答题考对这句话的理解 15分呢! (那本黄皮的指定参考书里是没有答案的,自己看那本黄皮概况的话,是绝对想象不到这也是考点的!) the tertiary industry ,the service industry 第三产业 ,某年的专有名词翻译题 1分 British Disease 英国病某年的简答题 5分 《英美概况》来安方等编写大象出版社是旧版的小本的厚厚的大象出版社来安方等编写的我记得我的这本是2004年印刷的，有自由女神像黄皮的《外国文学史》朱维之等编写我用的是第三版的当然你用最新版的也行里面的内容区别不大的 特别注意每一章前面的那段类似导读的话很重要大题目往往从里面出大家可以自己对对看历年的题目，这本书没有辅导书要看个人的功力了其实看这本书也没什么窍门一个字“勤”,勤动笔、勤动脑 ,要善于总结 ,思考 《现代汉语》下册就看下册就可以了我用的是最新版的你要用旧版的也可以没什么区别，课后习题多做做这本书考的还是比较简单的 《现代汉语教学说明和自学参考》
高中英语《Sir Gawain and the Green Knight》优质课教案、教学设计
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 教学设计 主题语境:“人与社会”主题群中的主题群“文学、艺术与体育” 话题：文学 适用对象：高二学生 教材分析： 本文是根据一首诗歌改编的故事,取自北师大版高中英语必修模块五Literature Spot。本文篇幅较短，但情节奇特、引人入胜：主要主人公高文爵士勇敢接受生死挑战、抵御贵妇诱惑、守诺引颈直面斧头、含愧回到亚 瑟王宫几个场景组成。 其中，对高文爵士抵御贵妇诱惑这一场景的描述只是只言片语，为了引导学生更好的理解并归纳高文爵士抵御美色诱惑这一品质，教师在教学过程中补充了对这一场景描述的两个段落，使主人公高文爵士的形象更为多面化、更为立体。 本课根据教学内容，引导学生了解主要故事情节，分析人物品质，并从文学角度--背景，探讨文章中骑士精神在当时社会所代表的内涵。
学情分析： 本次授课对象为高二学生，经过高中一年的学习，他们已经能读懂简单读物、报刊、杂志，基本能理解大意；能根据阅读目的运用适当的阅读策略，逐渐形成用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力；具有明确的英语学习动机和积极主动的学习态度；已具备较好的小组合作意识，上课勇于回答问题，思维活跃，敢于张嘴说英语，进一步 确保了各个环节的完成，实现学习目标。 课标分析： （一）主题语境 “人与社会”主题群中的主题群“文学、艺术与体育”。 (二)语篇类型 选修I 2. 记叙文，如：小说、科幻故事、幽默故事等。 具体解读“Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”是一篇小说的概要，通过了 解主要故事情节，分析骑士具备的品质，并总结这本小说所承载的文化 意义。 （三）语言知识
英美文学流派整理
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英美文学欣赏考题整理及答案
Part One：English Poetry 1.William Shakespeare Sonnet 18 ?Why does the poet compare `thee` to a summer?s day? And who could `thee` be? Because summer?s day and thee both represent beauty . thee could be beauty, love. ?What picture have you got of English summer, and could you explain why? Warm, beautiful, sunshine. Because summer is the best season of a year ,the most beautiful season. It is like our May. ?How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line? Thee is more beautiful than summer. ?What makes the poet think that “thou” can be more fair than summer and immortal? Because humanism is more eternal than summer and immortal. ?What figures of speech are used in this poem? Simile, metaphor, personification, oxymoron and so on . ?What is the theme of the poem? Love conquers all, Beauty lives on. 2. Thomas Nashe Spring ?Read the poem carefully, pay attention to those image- bearing words, and see how many images the poet created in the poem and what sense impressions you can get from those images. There is “Blooms each thing, maids dance in a ring, the pretty birds do sing, the palm and may make country houses gay, Lambs frisk' and play, the shepherds pipe all day, And we hear aye birds tune this merry lay, The fields breathe sweet, the daisies kiss our feet, Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit, In every street these tunes bur ears do greet!” The “Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit，”impressions me most because of the harmony of the people?s relationship. ?Can you point out and explain the sound and their musical effect in the poem? In the Poem, each section has four lines, each line has ten syllables ( five tone step ) . In order to give the reader a spring breeze , streams , flowers , winding , Song Xin texture of sound and light flavor, Naixi greater uses English word S , z , f , V , R , L , and θconsonants means. In Naixi's poem, the use of phonological is also very harmonious, very smooth , very mellow. Section I of the poetry has Three pairs [ ing ] , section II of the poem has three pairs [ ei ] and the third quarter has three pairs [ i : ]. 3.John Donne A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning ?What is a “valediction” any way? Is the speaker in the poem about to die? Why does the speaker forbid mourning? No, it is about the lover s?separation. As the poem metaphors, the poet believed he and his wife?s love is sacred, he didn?t hope they cry when separation comes, let their love be stained by the ordinary and mundane.
考研英美文学必做9道题
1.What is in the book “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” that makes Hemingway say that all modern American literature comes from this book? (这个题找了2个小时，实在是找不到了。看看下面的会不会有所帮助) (海明威写的Green Hills of Africa中的原文)All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry Finn. If you read it you must stop where the Nigger Jim is stolen from the boys. That is the real end. The rest is just cheating. But it's the best book we've had. All American writing comes from that. There was nothing before. There has been nothing as good since. The best work that Mark Twain ever produced is, as we noted earlier on, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. It tells a story about the United States before the Civil War, around 1850, when the great Mississippi Valley was still being settled. Here lies an America, with its great national faults, full of violence and even cruelty(n. 残酷；残忍；残酷的行为), yet still retaining the virtues of …some simplicity, some innocence(n. 清白，无罪；天真无邪), and some peace.? The story takes plac e along the Mississippi River, on both sides of which there was unpopulated(adj. 无人居住的) wilderness(n. 荒地) and a dense forest(密林). It relates the story of the escape of Jim from slavery and, more important, how Huck Finn, floating along with him and helping him as best he could, changes his mind, his prejudice about black people, and comes to accept Jim as a man and as a close friend as well. At the heart of Twain?s achievement(n. 成就；完成；达到) is his creation of Huck Finn, who embodies(v t. 体现) that mythic(adj. 神话的；虚构的) America, midway(n. 中途；娱乐场adj. 中途的adv. 中途) between the wilderness and the modern super state. 2.Is Mr. Bennett in “Pride and P rejudice” a positive figure? Why or why not? (这是原题答案，第一句为第一问，剩下的是第二问) Mr. Bennet?s chief characteristics are an iron ic detachment(n. 分离，拆开；超然；分遣；分遣队) and a sharp, cutting wit. The distance that he creates between himself and the absurdity(n.荒谬的言行；谬论；) around him often endears(v t. 使…受钟爱；使…亲密) him to the reader and parallels the amused detachment with which Austen treats ridiculous(adj. 可笑的；荒谬的) characters such as Mr. Collins and Lady Catherine. To associate the author?s point of view with that of Mr. Bennet, however, is to ignore his ultimate failure as a father and husband. He is endlessly witty(adj. 诙谐的；富于机智的), but his distance from the events around him makes him an ineffective parent. Detached humor may prove useful for handling the Mr. Collinses of the world, but it is helpless against the depredations(n. 掠夺；破坏，破坏痕迹) of the villainous (but likable) Wickham. When the crisis of Lydia?s elopement(n. 私奔；潜逃) strikes, Mr. Bennet proves unable to handle the situation. Darcy, decent(adj. 正派的；得体的；) and energetic(adj. 精力充沛的；积极的；有力的), and the Gardiners, whose intelligence, perceptiveness, and resourcefulness(n. 足智多谋) make them the strongest adult force in the novel, must step in. He is a likable(adj. 可爱的), entertaining character, but he never manages to earn the respect of the reader. 3.Discuss the theme of Fitzgerald’s "The Great Gatsby".(at least 200 words) (两个主题，有上千字，我不知道怎么概括，我把对每个主题描述的第一段话写在下面了)
英美文学选读笔记整理版英国Romantic
Chapter 3 ------------The Romantic Period(英国） Romanticism refers to an artistic and intellectual movement originating in Europe in the late 18th century and characterized by a heightened interest in nature, emphasis on the individual's expression of emotion and imagination, departure from the attitudes and forms of classicism, and rebellion against established social rules and conventions. Historical background: Rousseau’s ideas provided guiding principles for the French Revolution (1789-1794) The primarily agricultural society had been replaced by a modern industrialized one. Political reforms and mass demonstrations shook the foundation of aristocratic rule in Britain. Cultural background 1.Inspiration for the romantic approach initially came from two great shapers of thought, French philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau and German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Rousseau established the cult of the individual and championed the freedom of the human spirit. Goethe and his compatriots extolled the romantic spirit as manifested in German folk songs, Gothic architecture, and the plays of English playwright William Wordsworth. 2. The Romantics saw man essentially as an individual in the solitary state and emphasized the special qualities of each individual’s mind. Romanticism actually constitutes a change of direction from attention to the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit. 3. In the works of the sentimental writers, we note a new interest in literatures and legends other than those of Greece and Rome. It was in effect a revolt of the English imagination against the neoclassical reason. Features of the romantic literature 1.Expressiveness: Instead of regarding poetry as “a mirror to nature”, the romantics hold that the object of the artist should be the expression of the artist’s emotions, impressions, or beliefs 2. Imagination: Romantic literature puts great emphasis on the creative function of the imagination, seeing art as a formulation of intuitive, imaginative perceptions that tend to speak a nobler truth than that of fact, logic, or the here and now. 3.Singularity: Romantic poets have a strong love for the remote, the unusual, the strange, the supernatural, the mysterious, the splendid, the picturesque, and the illogical. 4. Worship of nature: Romantic poets see in nature a revelation of Truth, the “living garment of God”. 5.Simplicity: Romantic poets tend to turn to the humble people and the everyday life for subjects, employing the commonplace, the natural and the simple as their materials 6.The Romantic period is an age of poetry. The Romantic period is also a great age of prose. The major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen and Walter Scott. Gothic novel was one phase of the Romantic Movement. Its principal elements are violence, horror, and the supernatural Willam Blake Points of view: 1. Politically Blake was a rebel, mixing a good deal with the radicals like Thomas Paine. He strongly criticized the capitalists’cruel exploitation. He cherished great expectations and enthusiasm for the French Revolution and regarded it as a necessary stage leading to the millennium predicted by the biblical prophets. 2. Literarily Blake was the first important Romantic poet, showing a contempt for the rule of reason, opposing the classical tradition of the 18th century, and treasuring the individual’s imagination. His works: Poetical Sketches (1783) Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1790) Songs of Innocence (1809) Songs of Experience (1794) 1. Songs of Innocence (1809)
英美文学框架复习资料
英美文学框架 英美文学重要笔记，精华版，推荐！ Old English 450-1066