第七节正反译法
第七节：正反、反正表达法（Negation）
1. Our PLA is worthy of being called a great army of the people.
2. He tries his best to overcome the lack of technical data.
3. The window refuses to open.
4. Yesterday he failed to get to school on time.
5. They excluded children (from) getting in.
6. That building is in a state of neglect.
7. He’s often absent-minded.
8. Lei Feng’s noble deeds are above all praise.
9. I, rather than you, should do the work.
10. The truth is quite other than what you think
11. Live up to the expectations of our own people and the people throughout the world.
12. Slips are scarcely avoidable when you’re new to your work.
13. There are two aspects to everything; to say there is only one is to be aware of one aspect and to be ignored of the other.
14. In technology, I think first we have to follow others in most cases, and it is better for us to do so, since that is what we are lacking at present and know little about.
15. The meeting were marked by such an absence of lively discussions that at times they were almost on the point of breaking up.
16. The scientists made a solemn pledge at the conference, saying,“We’ll for ever live up to what our Party expects of us.”
17 The County Party Committee there is ignorant of conditions at the lower levels.
18 The fellow is far from being honest.
19 The city and the areas around it are an ice-free port and a nuclear-weapon-free zone.
20 He stood still, trying vainly (in vain) to answer the battery of questions the boss raised.
21 The world today is far from peaceful.
22 She refrained from laughing.
23 She was refused admittance by them.
24 The evidence is conclusive, excluding all possibilities of doubt
25 Mr. White has refrained from making any official comment on the coup in that country.
26 That served to strengthen instead of weaken our determination (or: That strengthened, rather than weakened, our determination.)
27 But for the workers’ help, we should not have succeeded in this experiment.
28 The first bombs missed the target.
29 Such a chance was denied me
30 This problem is beyond me.
31 When Philip missed the last bus, he was at a loss to know what to do.
32 He unfastened his shoelace.
33 I rode around with him one day seeing how the ships unloaded.
34 Many agreed that the Prime minister had in effect resigned dishonorably.
35 He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious.
36 It was said that someone had sown discord among them.
37 He manifested a strong dislike for his father’s business.
38 Don’t lose time in posting this letter
39 The significance of these incidents wasn’t lost on us.
40 Such flights couldn’t long escape notice.
翻译的正反译法
一．一．用反面表达法处理下列各句中的斜体动词： 1. 1.The ache that had persisted in his chest had turned to severe pain. 2. 2.“If we lose our lives, then you’ll lose yours!” she said with a laugh. 3. 3.If he had kept his temper, the negotiation would probably have been a success. 4. 4.The two teams tied. 二．二．用反面表达法处理下列各句中的斜形容词： 1. 1.Appearances are deceptive. 2. 2.The teacher found some of the pupils absent. 3. 3.Her face had a strange, lost look. 4. 4.I’m terribly sorry to have given you such a lot of trouble. 三．三．用反面表达法处理下列各句中的斜前置词： 1. 1.But that’s very extraordinary. It seems against nature. 2. 2.Never mind, we can manage without help. 3. 3.His answer is beside the mark. 4. 4.Under fifty people were there. 四．四．用反面表达法处理下列各句中的斜体名词： 1. 1.Her abstraction was not because of the tea party. 2. 2.He did not want to hurt her, but an itch to dominate push him on to say… 3. 3.Silence reigned all over for a while. 五．五．用反面表达法处理下列各句中的斜体副词： 1. 1.He said idly,“Well, what does it matter?” 2. 2.They resumed their seats moodily. 3. 3.She always seemed too busy in the house. 4. 4.Slowly he pulled the letter out of the envelope, and unfolded it. 六．六．用反面表达法处理下列各句中的斜体连接词： 1. 1.The stranger had already gone before he hurried to the hotel. 2. 2.She couldn’t sit still till her native country was free. 3. 3.They would rather have the blue one than the green one. 4. 4.You will fail unless you work harder. 七．七．用反面表达法处理下列各句中的斜体短语： 1. 1.You should seize the opportune moment to put in a word for me. 2. 2.The news of the assassination of President Lincoln spread like wild fire. 3. 3.The pioneers made light of difficulties and dangers. 4. 4.Miss Firelie kept to her room all day. 八．八．用反面表达法处理下列各句中的斜体从句或句子： 1. 1.As was expected, the enemy walked right into the trap. 2. 2.It had been six or seven hours since I had had anything to eat, drink or smoke. 3. 3.Mr. Will was a short and skinny white man with dark hair and gray eyes, a smile that seemed to be frozen on his face and everybody knew it was anything else but a genuine smile. 九. 试译下列各句，用正面表达法处理斜体部分： 1. For him the wheel of slumber was wont to turn noiseless and slick and swift. 2. Generally she accepted the family life in all its crowded inadequacy. 3. Jim was no end upset because he couldn’t go swimming. 4. Sir Percival’s spies were not going to lose sight of me.
谈英汉翻译技巧中的增补与省略
谈英汉翻译技巧中的增补与省略 【摘要】增补法是英汉翻译中常用的方法之一。所谓增补，就是为了使译文准确和符合汉语习惯，译者应该添加必要的词句。所谓省略法，就是将不必译的冠词、物主代词、连系动词等省略不译。 【关键词】翻译技巧增补法省略法 英汉翻译是英语学习中最基本的技能之一，在今天的飞速发展的世界中越来越显示出它的重要性。一篇好的译文应该是既忠实于原文，又符合汉语的用法习惯，并且在内容与形式上与原文达到辩证的统一。忠实于原文是翻译中最重要的一点。但由于英汉两种语言的巨大差异，“忠实”的涵义并不是逐字逐句地照搬原文，而是“忠实地表达”原作者的思想，准确地理解和恰当地表现原文。因此，译者必须在理解原文的基础上，运用恰当的翻译技巧，将原文译出。 英汉翻译技巧一般来说有8种，即“分清主从”，“选词用字”，“增补法”，“省略法”，“词性转换”，“词序调整”，“正说反译和反说正译”以及“长句拆译”。本文侧重谈谈英汉翻译技巧中的增补与省略这两种方法。 1.增补法 增补法是英汉翻译中常用的方法之一。增补不是给原文增加某些内容，而只是翻译中的一个必要的规则。它实际上主张，为了使译文准确和符合汉语习惯，译者应该添加必要的词句。增补法在下面几种情况下经常使用： A.当某些词在英语的句子中被省略时 例如：We can get rid of a bad style and keep the good. 虽然，在good 一词后省略了style. 这句可译成：我们能够去掉不良作风，保持优良作风。 He majors in English and l in French. 在I 后面省略了动词major. 这句应译成：他主修英语，我主修法语。 在这类句子中，原文省略的部分应在译文中写出来。 B. 当英文中用代词来避免重复时
翻译技巧英语笔译技法——正反译法
【翻译技巧】英语笔译技法——正反译法 由于国家、历史、地理、社会文化背景和生活习性的不同，汉英两种语言在表达正说和反说时有很大差异，尤其英语在否定意义的表达上更为复杂，有时形式否定而实质肯定，或形式肯定而实质否定。在两种语言互译时，原文中正说的句子可能不得不处理成反说，或是用反说表达更为合适。反之亦然。翻译中，这种把正说处理成反说、把反说处理成正说的译法，就称为正反译法。 正反译法是翻译技巧中的一个重要方法，属于引申和修辞范围。 笼统的说，英语句子中含有“never”、“no”、“not”、“un-”、“im-”、“in-”、“ir-”、“-less”等否定词以及否定前缀或后缀的单词，以及汉语句子中含有“不”、“没”、“无”、“未”、“甭”、“别”、“休”、“莫”、“非”、“勿”、“毋”等否定词的即为反说，不含有这些否定词的即为正说。 但实际操作时，正说和反说的界限又变得极为模糊，例如“correct”可以翻译成“正确”（正说），也可以翻译成“没有毛病”（反说）。因此，到底译文要采用正说还是反说，就完全要看译文语言的惯用表达和上下文的语气语态了。 在正反译法中，英译汉正转反（正说反译法）和汉译英反转正（反说正译法）是最为重要的两种正反译法。 英译汉正转反 英语中有些否定概念是通过含有否定意义或近似否定意义的词来表达的，虽然形式是肯定的，但这类词大多是某些肯定词所引申或变化出来的反义词，或经过长期历史演变而引申出其他否定词义，即所谓的“含蓄否定词”或“暗指否定词”，这类词在译成汉语时，需要变成汉语的否定词组，必要时还需要作词类转换。 1、名词 —含蓄否定名词主要有：shortness / shortage（不够；不足）、lack（缺乏；没有）、absence （不在）、failure（未能；不成功）、defiance（不顾；无视）、denial（否认；否定）、exclusion （排除）、freedom（不；免除）、refusal（不愿；不允许）、loss（失去）等。 Shortness of time has required the omission of some states. 由于时间不够，没能访问那些国家。 Behave yourself during my absence. 我不在时要规矩点。 We were perplexed by his failure to answer the letter. 他何以不回信，我们大惑不解。 2、动词或动词短语 —英语中常见的含蓄否定动词包括：refuse（不愿；不肯；无法）、lack（缺乏；没有）、defy（不服从；不遵守；不让）、forbid（不许）、stop（不准；别）、ignore（不理；不肯考虑；无视；不顾）、hate（不愿意）、miss（没听清楚；没赶上）等。
英语正反译法练习
正反译法练习之一 1.The newspaper accounts are far from being true. 报纸上的报道一点儿也不真实。 2.Mr. Thompson was above reproach. 汤姆森先生的行为是无可非议的。 3.Keep dry and the top side up! 请勿倒立，防止受潮！ 4.Such a chance was denied to me. 这个机会跟我无缘。 5.All are not thieves that dogs bark at. 被狗叫的人不一定都是贼。（犬之所吠，并非皆贼） 6.He kept himself apart from the other children. 他和其他孩子保持距离，一个人待着。 7.No deposit will be refunded unless ticket produced. 如果不出示票据，押金是不会返还的。 8.他决不会说出这样的话. He should never have dreamt of saying such a thing. 9.她抱怨名单上没有她的名字． She complained about her name should be on the list. 10.他尽力克服技术资料的不足． He tried his best to overcome the lack of technical data. 11.在收据尚未签字以前不得付款. Don’t pay unless the receipt was signed. 12.他上火车站去接他的朋友，可是在人群中没见到他。（miss） He goes to the railway station to meet a friend, but he missed his friend in the crowd. 13.他直到三年级才认识到广泛阅读的重要性。（not…until） He did not realized the importance of the wider reading until three grade. 14.我警告过你，不要跟陌生人谈论我的事。（warn against） I have warned you against talking about me with strangers.
英汉翻译的基本方法和技巧
英汉翻译的基本方法和技巧 翻译是信息交流过程中极其复杂的社会心理现象。语言知识是翻译的基础。此外，翻译还涉及到推理、判断、分析和综合等复杂的心理认识过程。翻译的方法和技巧是翻译工作者在长期的实践中根据两种语言的特点总结归纳出来的一般规律。这些规律可以指导我们的翻译实践，使我们能更自觉、更灵活地处理翻译过程中所遇到的各种语言现象。下面就英译汉中的一些方法和技巧结合翻译实例作一概述。 1.词义的选择 ? 一词多义和一词多类是英汉两种语言都有的一种语言现象。因此，在平日的翻译练习和测试中，我们在弄清原文句子结构后，务必注意选择和确定句中关键词的词类和词义，以保证译文的质量。通常可从以下三个方面来考虑词义选择： 1)根据词在句中的词类来选择词义 例如：Censorship is for the good of society as a whole. Like the law, it contributes to the common good. ［译文］：审查是为了整个社会的利益。它像法律一样维护公众利益。 ［注释］：本句中like作介词，意为"像……一样"。但like作动词用，则意为"喜欢；想要"。例如：He likes films with happy endings. (他喜欢结局好的电影。)又如：Would you like to leave a message (你要不要留个话儿)此外，like还可以作形容词用，意为"相同的"，如：Like charges repel; unlike charges attract.(电荷同性相斥，异性相吸。) 2)根据上下文和词在句中的搭配关系选择词义 例1According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. ［译文］：新学派的科学家们认为，技术在扩大科学知识范围过程中是一种被忽视的力量。 ［注释］：school一词常被误译为"学校"，其实，school还有一个词义"学派"。可见，正确选择词义对译文质量有重要影响，而文章的上下文和逻辑联系是翻译中选择词义的重要依据。 例2Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a "valid" or "fair" comparison. ［译文］：既然对智力的评估是比较而言的，那么我们必须确保，在对我们的对象进行比较时，我们所使用的尺度要能提供"有效的"和"公平的"比较。
常用十大翻译技巧之五：正反译法
译国译民 专心翻译 做到极致 常用十大翻译技巧之五：正反译法 正译法和反译法： 这两种方法通常用于汉译英，偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译，是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。正译与反译常常具有同义的效果，但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。因此比较地道。如： （1） 在美国，人人都能买到枪。 In the United States, everyone can buy a gun. (正译) In the United States, guns are available to everyone. (反译) （2） 你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。 You can obtain this information on the Internet. （正译） This information is accessible/available on the Internet. （反译） （3） 他突然想到了一个新主意。 Suddenly he had a new idea. (正译) He suddenly thought out a new idea. (正译) A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him. （反译） （4） 他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。 He still could not understand me. (正译) Still he failed to understand me. (反译) （5） 无论如何，她算不上一位思维敏捷的学生。 She can hardly be rated as a bright student. (正译) She is anything but a bright student. (反译) （6） Please withholdthe document for the time being. 请暂时扣下这份文件。（正译） 请暂时不要发这份文件。（反译）
正反译法
Review 1.The last person to be speaking about terrorism is the representative of country A. 最没有资格谈论恐怖主义问题的人就是A国的代表。 2.What, if any, effect do you feel the imports of Canadian gas will have on the American producer? 你觉得进口加拿大的天然气对美国生产者可能产生什么影响吗？ 3.他是一位中国现代优秀作家 He is an outstanding contemporary Chinese writer. [误译分析] 【原文】 The roofs loomed in front of them with starting clarity. 暗礁在他们面前令人吃惊地清楚，时隐时现。 【改译】暗礁在他们面前隐隐呈现，看得越清楚就越感到毛骨悚然 英语句子经常使用连词、关系代词、关系副词、短语中又包括介词短语、动名词短语、分词短语、不定式短语等，汉语如果照译，读者可能不知所云。按照汉语习惯，可将这些英语特有的结构转译为短句。例如： 1.The idea of a fish being able to generate electricity strong enough to light small bulbs, even to run an electric motor, is almost unbelievable. 鱼能发电，其强度足以点亮小灯泡，甚至能开动马达，这简直是令人难以置信 的。 2.Flooded with calls, the company is maximizing profits by handling in-city runs. 要车的人太多了，公司便只接来往于市区的生意，这样好多多赚钱。 【翻译技巧】转句译法 Conversion of words or phrases into sentences 有些词和各种短语所含的语义是相当的丰富，但是单靠换序、转性等方法还是 不能表达原文的真实含义，而要把原文的内容连词形式一起翻译成汉语几乎不 可能的，因此，不得不把这些词、词组转译成句子，称为转句译法。 1.Pressure of work has somewhat delayed my answer. 由于工作很忙，答复稍迟了一些。（主语转句） 2.Another hour’s ride will bring us to the village.
最新英汉翻译练习之省略法
Put the following sentences into Chinese, using the technique of omission. 1.If you give him an inch, he will take a mile. 2.These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources. 3.Winter is the best time to study the growth of trees. Although the leaves are gone and the branches are bare, the trees themselves are beautiful. 4.It is not entirely right to say that if there is food, let everyone share it. 5. 6.Scientific exploration, the search for knowledge, has given man the practical result of being able to shield himself from the calamities of nature and the calamities imposed by others. 7. 8.There was no haste or restlessness in his manner but a poised friendliness. 9. 10.N ever trouble yourself with trouble till trouble troubles you. 11.T he true joy of joys is joy that joys in the joy of others. 12.F or generations, coal and oil have been regarded as the chief energy source to transport man from place to place.
最新【翻译技巧】英语笔译技法——正反译法
1 【翻译技巧】英语笔译技法——正反译法 2 由于国家、历史、地理、社会文化背景和生活习性的不同，汉英两种语言在表达正3 说和反说时有很大差异，尤其英语在否定意义的表达上更为复杂，有时形式否定而实质4 肯定，或形式肯定而实质否定。在两种语言互译时，原文中正说的句子可能不得不处理5 成反说，或是用反说表达更为合适。反之亦然。翻译中，这种把正说处理成反说、把反6 说处理成正说的译法，就称为正反译法。 7 8 正反译法是翻译技巧中的一个重要方法，属于引申和修辞范围。 9 10 笼统的说，英语句子中含有“never”、“no”、“not”、“un-”、“im-”、11 “in-”、“ir-”、“-less”等否定词以及否定前缀或后缀的单词，以及汉语句子中12 含有“不”、“没”、“无”、“未”、“甭”、“别”、“休”、“莫”、“非”、13 “勿”、“毋”等否定词的即为反说，不含有这些否定词的即为正说。 14 15 但实际操作时，正说和反说的界限又变得极为模糊，例如“correct”可以翻译成16 “正确”（正说），也可以翻译成“没有毛病”（反说）。因此，到底译文要采用正说还17 是反说，就完全要看译文语言的惯用表达和上下文的语气语态了。 18 19 在正反译法中，英译汉正转反（正说反译法）和汉译英反转正（反说正译法）是最20 为重要的两种正反译法。 21
22 英译汉正转反 23 24 英语中有些否定概念是通过含有否定意义或近似否定意义的词来表达的，虽然形式25 是肯定的，但这类词大多是某些肯定词所引申或变化出来的反义词，或经过长期历史演26 变而引申出其他否定词义，即所谓的“含蓄否定词”或“暗指否定词”，这类词在译成27 汉语时，需要变成汉语的否定词组，必要时还需要作词类转换。 28 29 1、名词 30 —含蓄否定名词主要有：shortness / shortage（不够；不足）、lack（缺乏；没31 有）、absence（不在）、failure（未能；不成功）、defiance（不顾；无视）、denial 32 （否认；否定）、exclusion（排除）、freedom（不；免除）、refusal（不愿；不允33 许）、loss（失去）等。 34 Shortness of time has required the omission of some states. 由于时间不够，35 没能访问那些国家。 36 37 Behave yourself during my absence. 我不在时要规矩点。 38 39 We were perplexed by his failure to answer the letter. 他何以不回信，我40 们大惑不解。 41 2、动词或动词短语 42
英译汉翻译法
英译汉中的反译法 在英译汉过程中，我们常常遇到这样一种情况，即原词所表达的并不是其字面意义，而是其字面意义的反义，或者说是对其字面意义的否定，可这种否定又往往不出现否定词，这种情况并不很少，给翻译工作带来很大的麻烦。 下面是常见的两个词组，请注意它们的汉语意思： ①riot police防暴警察（即anti-riot police，而不是暴乱的警察） ②crisis law反危机法案（即anti-crisis law) 这两个词组的翻译采用的就是反译法，译文都是其字面意辽的否定或反义，这样既表达了原文的真正含义，又符合汉语的表达习惯，使人一看就懂。 另外，英文报刊文章标题的翻译有时也采用反译法。如《中国日报》China Daily）1995年1月16日头版刊登一则新闻，题目是Inflation is target of bank’s new policy，主要说的是银行在1995年将来取有力措施制止通货膨胀。但题目的字面意思恰恰相反。因此我们在翻译时必须把inflation看成是anti-inflation，使之文题一致。这样的标题在英文报刊中比较常见，目的是为简练及醒目，我们在翻译时要格外注意，切勿望文生义。 再让我们来看看下面的例子： （1）Sidney Simon called the college grading system“archaic，prescientific，bureaucratic invention，"，and“about as accurate as police estimates of crowds of peace marches.” 如果按字面翻译，这句话是这样的： 西德尼·西蒙称这种大学评级制度“是过时的，缺乏科学验证”，而且还是“官僚主义的产物”而且“简直同警察估计和平示威人数一样准确。” 既然前面已说了这个评级制度“过时无用，缺乏科学验证”，而且还是“官僚主义的产物”，后面又怎么能说它“准确”呢？这显然自相矛盾，西蒙所表达的真正含义绝非如此。 以上译文，忽略了说话人的语气。其实，西蒙是在抨击大学评级制度。他说话时，前面直接用了archaic，prescientific和bureaucratic几个贬义词，而后面的褒义词accurate实际上是一个反语。因为我们知道，警察在估计示威人数时只能说出大概，往往和实际人数出入很大，极不准确。所以说话人所表达的真正含义是not accurate，或inaccurate。这样，可理解成about as inaccurate，as police estimates of crowds of peace marches，译成汉语就是：“简直同警察估计和平示威人数一样不准确。”也就是把accurate反过来译，即反译。 以上例句是通过分析说话人的语气来采用反译法正确表达语义的。有的句子前面所表达的意思是否定的，但根据这个意思得出来的结论却是肯定的。为了使其真正含义不至于前后矛盾，我们也采取反译后面结论的方法。
英语翻译之词义省略法
英语翻译之词义省略法 一、从语法角度来看 （一）省代词 1．省略作主语的人称代词 （1）省略作主语的人称代词 I had many wonderful ideas, but I only put a few into practice. 我有很多美妙的想法，但是只把少数付诸实践了。 He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable. 他瘦弱憔悴，看上去一副可怜相。 （2）英语中，泛指人称代词作主语时，即使是作第一个主语，在汉语译文中往往也可以省略。联展在线：https://www.360docs.net/doc/5c399576.html,/xkyfd/ 考研学习：https://www.360docs.net/doc/5c399576.html,/kcnet1450/ We live and learn. 活到老，学到老。 When will he arrive?—You can never tell. 他什么时候到？——说不准。
The significance of a man is not in what he attained but rather in what he longs to attain. 人生的意义不在于已经获取的，而在于渴望得到什么样的东西。 2．省略作宾语的代词 The more he tried to hide his mistakes, the more he revealed them. 他越是想要掩盖他的错误，就越是容易暴露。 Please take off the old picture and throw it away. 请把那张旧画取下来扔掉。 3．省略物主代词 I put my hand into my pocket. 我把手放进口袋。 She listened to me with her rounded eyes. 她睁大双眼，听我说话。 （二）代词it的省略 Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs.
英汉翻译法7——正反译法
?在翻译时，对于中国学生来说，某些否定句犹如陷阱，稍有不慎，就会掉入其中。鉴于此，我们在翻译某些含有否定意义的句子时，应当把握两点：一、英语里有些从正面表达的词或句子，译文可从反面来表达，即正说反译法；二、英语里有些从反面表达的词或句子，译文可从正面来表达，即反说正译法。例如： ?1) Only five customers remained in the bar. ?酒吧间只有五个顾客还没走。 ?(原文从正面表达，译文从反面表达。如译成“还留着”，或“还呆在那里”，则不如“还没有走”更符合汉语习惯。) ?2）Anyone wants to get out? Over my dead body! ?只要我活着，谁也别想出去。（the original English sentence implies “nobody can get out unless you kill me）. ?3) Mother said Father would come soon, but Mary knew better. ?妈妈说爸爸很快就会来了，玛丽知道不会。（“know better” implies that Mary thoug ht differently or disagreed with Mother, it means “think otherwise”） ?5) A radar screen is not unlike a television. ?雷达荧光屏跟电视荧光屏一样。 ?(如译成“雷达荧光屏不是不象电视荧光屏一样”则不符合汉语习惯。) ?我们可以看到，正面译不顺，不妨从反面译；反面译不顺，不妨从正面译，因为同一个概念，一个民族正面说，认为是合乎表达习惯的，而另一个民族则认为反着说才顺嘴。 ?下面从正说反译和反说正译这两个方面来探讨英语否定结构汉译的一般原则 ?一、正说反译法（Affirmative in English, but Negative in Chinese） ?英语中的含蓄否定词或含蓄否定短语一般都要译成汉语的否定词组。下面按词性列举它们的翻译方法。 ?1.名词 ?1) There was a complete absence of information on the oil deposit in that area. ?关于该地区的石油储藏情况，人们毫无所知。 ?(absence可译为“不在”、“毫无”、“不在……时间”等。) ?2) Her child was in a terrible state of neglect. ?她的孩子简直没人管。 ?(neglect可译为“不留心”，“没人管”。) ?3) All international disputes must be settled through negotiations and the avoidance of any armed conflicts. ?一切国际争端应通过谈判而不是武装冲突来解决。 ?(avoidance 可译为“不采取”。) ?作为名词用的含蓄否定词还有：defiance (不顾，无视)，denial (否认，否定)，exclusion (排除)，anything but (根本不，决不)，lack (无，缺乏)，failure (不成功，不足，不履行)，refusal ( 不愿，不允许)，loss (失去)等。
第七节正反译法
第七节：正反、反正表达法（Negation） 1. Our PLA is worthy of being called a great army of the people. 2. He tries his best to overcome the lack of technical data. 3. The window refuses to open. 4. Yesterday he failed to get to school on time. 5. They excluded children (from) getting in. 6. That building is in a state of neglect. 7. He’s often absent-minded. 8. Lei Feng’s noble deeds are above all praise. 9. I, rather than you, should do the work. 10. The truth is quite other than what you think 11. Live up to the expectations of our own people and the people throughout the world. 12. Slips are scarcely avoidable when you’re new to your work. 13. There are two aspects to everything; to say there is only one is to be aware of one aspect and to be ignored of the other. 14. In technology, I think first we have to follow others in most cases, and it is better for us to do so, since that is what we are lacking at present and know little about. 15. The meeting were marked by such an absence of lively discussions that at times they were almost on the point of breaking up. 16. The scientists made a solemn pledge at the conference, saying,“We’ll for ever live up to what our Party expects of us.” 17 The County Party Committee there is ignorant of conditions at the lower levels. 18 The fellow is far from being honest. 19 The city and the areas around it are an ice-free port and a nuclear-weapon-free zone. 20 He stood still, trying vainly (in vain) to answer the battery of questions the boss raised. 21 The world today is far from peaceful. 22 She refrained from laughing. 23 She was refused admittance by them. 24 The evidence is conclusive, excluding all possibilities of doubt 25 Mr. White has refrained from making any official comment on the coup in that country. 26 That served to strengthen instead of weaken our determination (or: That strengthened, rather than weakened, our determination.) 27 But for the workers’ help, we should not have succeeded in this experiment. 28 The first bombs missed the target. 29 Such a chance was denied me 30 This problem is beyond me. 31 When Philip missed the last bus, he was at a loss to know what to do. 32 He unfastened his shoelace. 33 I rode around with him one day seeing how the ships unloaded. 34 Many agreed that the Prime minister had in effect resigned dishonorably. 35 He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious. 36 It was said that someone had sown discord among them. 37 He manifested a strong dislike for his father’s business. 38 Don’t lose time in posting this letter
7省略法的翻译(教师版)
英汉翻译常用技巧----省略法 Oct. 17th–21st 省略是指原文中有些词在译文中不翻译出来。原因是译文中虽无其词但已有其意，或者在译文中是不言而喻的。换言之，省略是删去一些可有可无的，或者有了反嫌累赘或违背译文语言习惯的词。但省略并非把原文的意义删去。 一、从语法结构考虑的省略 1. 代词的省略 A.省略作主语的代词。汉语习惯中，前句出现一个主语，后句如仍为同一主语，就不必重复。英语中则通常每句都有主语，人称代词往往多次出现。英译汉中该类人称代词常常可以省略。eg1. He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable. 他消瘦而憔悴，看上去一幅可怜相。 eg2. Like his friends he had many wonderful ideas, but he only put a few into practice. 像他的朋友一样，他头脑里虽然有许多美妙的想法，却只有少数付诸实施。 eg3. My elder brother did not come yesterday, he went to his friend’s home. 我的弟弟昨天没来，到朋友家去了。 B. 泛指的代词常常不译。 eg4.When will he arrive? – You can never tell. 他什么时候到？很难说。 eg5. One is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 eg6. All those years in the military, where there were certain standards and rules; where young men treated their superiors with respect; where you gave an order and it was obeyed; where a uniform meant you were all on the same side. 多年来的军队生涯，那里总是有一定的标准和规则；年轻人尊敬上级；发出命令，人人遵守；同样的制服就意味着站在同一边。 eg7. He who cannot forgive others destroys the bridge over which he himself must pass. 人不宽容他人，就会断了自己的后路。 eg8. If you want to kill a snake you must hit it first on the head and if you want to catch a band of robbers you must first catch their leader. 打蛇先打头，擒贼先擒王。 C. 省略作宾语的代词。 eg9. In fact, Hitler’s ―blitz‖ carried him so far in Russia, to the very gate of Leningrad by September, a city he was never to seize. 事实上，希特勒所进行的“闪电战”曾深入苏境，九月份已直逼列宁格勒--一座他始终未能攻陷的城市。 eg10. I’ve received your letter and read it with delight. 我收到你的来信，很愉快地读了。 eg11. In fact he showed quite clearly that the Copernican ideas were correct. But he did not say