接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词

接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词

A．带to的不定式作宾补

a．可以用带to的不定式作宾补的动词常用的有ask，tell，order，invite，beg，get，allow，wish，want，encourage，advise，warn等。例如：

The teacher asked us to finish our homework．老师叫我们完成家庭作业。

She wanted him to sing for her friends．她想让他为她的朋友唱歌。

The policeman told the boys not to play in the street．警察告诉孩子们别在街上玩耍。

b．在动词think，believe，know，find，understand，take等之后，作宾补的不定式多由“to be ＋adj．”构成。例如：

They find the Chinese people to be happy and cheerful．他们发现中国人都很幸福快乐。

He believed the earth to be a globe．他相信大地是个球体。

c．在某些短语后也可跟带to的不定式作宾补。这类动词短语常见的有：wait for，call on，depend on，care for，long for等。例如：

The crocodile waited for the monkey to come down again．鳄鱼等着猴子再下来。

The chairman called on Mr Brown to speak．主席请布朗先生讲话。

I shouldn't care for that man to be my doctor．我不要那人给我看病。

B．不带to的不定式作宾补

动词不定式在使役动词（make，let，have）或感官动词（feel，listen to，hear，look at，see，watch，notice）之后作宾补时不定式需省去to。为了便于记忆，我们可以这样记“一感”（feel）、“二听”（listen，hear）、“三让”（let，make，have）、“四看”（look at，see，watch，notice）。例如：

I felt someone open my door．我感觉有人开了我的门。

Please listen to me sing the song again．请听我把这首歌再唱一遍。

You can't let the boy stand in the sun．你不能让那孩子站在太阳底下。

You must watch me carefully do everything．你必须仔细观察我所做的一切。

注意：感官动词后既可跟省略to的不定式作宾补，也可跟现在分词作宾补。其区别是：前者强调动作的全过程或经常性；后者则强调动作在进行（片断）。试比较：

I heard her sing．我听见她唱了歌。

I heard her singing．我听见她在唱歌。

C．带to或不带to的不定式作宾补

在动词help后可以跟带to的不定式作宾补，也可以跟不带to的不定式作宾补。例如：

He often helps me（to）clean the room．他经常帮助我打扫房间。

We helped him（to）mend his bike．我们帮他补自行车胎。

接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词

advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事

allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

ask sb. to do sth. 请（叫）某人做某事

bear sb. to do sth. 忍受某人做某事

beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事

cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事drive sb. to do sth. 驱使某人做某事elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事

get sb. to do sth. 使（要）某人做某事hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事

help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事

like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事

tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事

train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事

情态动词,顾名思义是用来表示说话人的语气、态度和情感的动词。情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化,不能单独作谓语,必须和动词原形一起使用。虽然情态动词数量不多,但是各自表达的意思却很丰富,如果不进行归类,容易混淆。为此,作以下几点讲解:

can,could和be able to可用来表示能力。be able to可用于各种时态,且was / were able to表示“成功做了某事”。例如:

Though the earthquake hit the village, all the villagers ______ move to the safe areas.

A. would

B. could

C. were able to

D. need

分析C 尽管地震袭击这个村庄,村上的人成功地撤到了安全地带。were able to表示“成功做了某事”。

can和could表示有能力,但不一定做到。例如:

He could be in time for the first class this morning, but there was a traffic accident. 他本可准时到校上第一节课,但路上发生了交通事故。

can和may可用来表示“允许”或者征求对方的意见(请注意在疑问句和答句中的用法): —Could I visit you again next Christmas?我能在明年圣诞节再来拜访您吗?(语气委婉) —Yes, you can. / No, I’m afraid not. 好啊。/ 恐怕不行。

—May I watch TV after finishing my homework? 做完作业可以看电视吗?

—Yes, you may. / No, you mustn’t. / No, you’d better not. 可以。/ 不行!/ 最好别看。

will / would在疑问句中用于第二人称时,表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求,后者更为婉转:

Will / Would you get me some souvenirs when you visit Shanghai Expo?你可以在参观上海世博会的时候给我带些纪念品吗?

在疑问句中,shall 用来征求对方的意见或者请求指示:

Shall I fetch some orange juice for you? 要不要我给你拿些橘子汁来?

Since everybody is here, shall we start the meeting now? 既然每个人都到了,我们开会吧?

There’s an applicant for the interview. Shall he come in right now? 有位来应聘的。要不要他马上进来?

must表示“必须,应该”,是说话人的主观意愿;否定式mustn’t表示“不应该,不准,禁止”等:

We must observe the traffic rules. 我们必须遵守交通规则。

You mustn’t farm on the Internet as a student, which costs lots of time. 作为学生不能网上种菜,那很耗时间的。

have (has) to表示客观上的“需要,不得不”,强调来自外界的义务:

It is time for the PE lesson. I have to go now. 是体育课的时间了,我得走了。

He is old enough now. You don’t have to worry about him. 他年龄不小了,你不必为他担心。

shall用于第二、三人称,表示说话人的命令、警告、威胁、强制等意思:

If you didn’t do as I told you. You shall not watch TV this evening. 你没按照我说的去做,所以你今晚不能看电视。

No one shall smoke in this area. 任何人都不可以在这个地方吸烟。

should 表示职责、义务、劝告等,主观性强:

You shouldn’t judge a man always by his appearance. 你不应该总是以貌取人。

should和ought to的含义大致相同,ought to 强调义务或责任时,比should语气强:

You ought to go and see Mary tomorrow. 明天你应该去看玛丽。

will和would表示决心、意志、意愿等,用于各种人称:

I will make the computer work even if I have to stay up all night. 哪怕我熬夜也要修好电脑。

She will help you if you can’t finish cleaning the classroom before 5:00. 如果你在5:00前不能完成打扫教室的任务,她会帮助你的。

表示推测的情态动词有must, can, could, may, might, should等。must表示推测时,意思是“一定、准会”,语气肯定,有把握,只能用于肯定的猜测,可以推测现在正在发生的动作和过去发生的动作。can和could表示推测时,往往用于否定句或疑问句,can’t表示“一定不”。

may, might表示推测时,意思是“可能、也许”,语气没有must肯定。may, might表推测时,还可以用于否定句,意思是“可能不、也许不”,但不用于疑问句。might不表示过去时态,只是语气上比may更委婉,表示可能性更小。should表示推测时,其语气比较肯定,并暗示其推测有一定的事实依据或者合乎客观常理。例如:

This book should be found easily in the library. 在图书馆应该很容易找到这本书的。(说话人认为,图书馆应该有很多这类书籍,所以应该很容易找到。)

He must have enjoyed the film Avatar, otherwise, he wouldn’t want to see it a second time. 他一定很喜欢电影《阿凡达》,否则他就不会再想看第二遍了。

—Someone called you while you were away, but he didn’t say who he was. 你不在时有人打你电话了,但他没说他是谁。

—Thanks. Who can it be?谢谢!他会是谁呢?

Look at that car! It must be driving at least 150 kilometers an hour. 看那车开得多快!起码每小时150公里。(must be driving表示对现在正在发生的事情的肯定猜测) There is no one in the classroom. All the students must have gone to the Charity Bazaar. 教室里没有一个人,学生一定都去Charity Bazaar了。(must have gone表示对过去事情的肯定猜测)

could have done / might have done“本来能够做而实际上没有做”,用来表示对过去没有做成某事的遗憾或责备;should have done / ought to have done“本应该做某事而实际上没有做”,用来表示责备或后悔;shouldn’t have done / ought not to have done“本不应该做某事但却做了”,用来表示责备或后悔;needn’t have done“本来不必做却做了某事”。例如: You should / ought to have come to the meeting earlier. 你应该早点来开会。

He shouldn’t / ought not to have treated his parents like that. 他不应该那样对待自己的父母。

As you worked late yesterday, you needn’t have come this morning. 因为你昨晚熬夜工作,没有必要今天上午来的。

—I stayed at a hotel while in London. 在伦敦期间我住在旅馆。

—Oh, why not contact Grace? You could have stayed at her home. 哦,你为何不联系格雷西?你本来能住她家的呀!

should意为“竟然”,表示惊奇、遗憾:

I’m surprised that you should be late today. 我很惊讶你今天竟然会迟到。

need表示“需要,必须”,多用于疑问句和否定句中:

—Need we buy a laptop?我们有必要买笔记本电脑吗?

—No, we needn’t. / Yes, we must. 没有必要。/ 有必要。

dare表示“敢”,多用在疑问句和否定句中:

Dare you swim across the river?你敢游到河对面去吗?

She dare not speak in public. 她不敢在公共场所说话。

need和dare作为行为动词时,其变化与一般动词相同。作实义动词的dare在否定句中其后的to可以省略:

We need to think it over. 我们需要仔细思考。

She didn’t need to do such a part-time job to cover her tuition expense. 她没必要打工去挣学费。

—Who dares to go? 谁敢去?

—I don’t dare (to) ask her. 我不敢去问她。

一、一般现在时

1. 表示经常发生的事情或者经常存在的动作或状态。例如:

She sings with the band Crazy Boy.

I teach English.

一般现在时常与always,usually,often,sometimes,every day,every week等时间状语连用。例如:

She is often late.

He goes to work every day.

2. 表示内心活动等。例如:

I know.

I think that’s a good idea.

I need your help.

I don’t think you are right.

3. 描述客观真理。例如:

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

The earth is round.

Birds fly in the sky.

4. 表示预定的行为。例如:

The train leaves at 9 a.m.

二、一般过去时

1. 表示过去发生的事情或者存在的状态。例如:

Suddenly,the clouds cleared and the rain stopped.

2. 表示过去经常发生的事情。例如:

I was very thin in my childhood.

3. 带有确定的过去的时间状语:last year,two days ago,just now,yesterday,in the old days 等。例如:

Did you meet yesterday?

He left just now.

三、现在进行时

1. 表示正在发生的事情或行为(常与now连用)。例如:

We’re having a meeting.

I’m watching TV.

2. 表示现阶段正在发生的事情。例如:

He is writing a book these months.

3. 点动词(非延续性动词)表示将来发生的事情(come,go,arrive,leave,return...)。例如:

My brother is coming tomorrow.

I’m leaving. https://www.360docs.net/doc/5d13094645.html,

四、过去进行时

1. 表示过去某一时间或某段时间正在发生的事情或动作。例如:

When I arrived,it was raining.

2. 过去进行时一般要有一个过去的行为或时间作为参照。例如:

I was having breakfast when he telephoned me yesterday.

What were you doing at eight o’clock yesterday?

五、一般将来时

1. 表示将来的动作或状态。例如:

In the future ,there’ll be a new school.

My mother is going to spend her holiday in Shanghai in August.

2. will/shall与be going to的区别:

will 有计划的、计划好的be going to 没有计划的

例如:

There is somebody at the door,I’ll go and open it.

He is going to change his job.

六、现在完成时

它跨在两个时间上,一个是过去,一个是现在。动作发生在过去,对现在有影响,且句子的重点主要放在对现在的影响上。

1. 表示过去的行为对现在的影响(常与already,ever,just,never,yet等连用)。例如:

I’ve written down some ideas.

Li Ming has just turned off the light.(强调现在的灯关了)

2. 表示一个动作从过去开始一直持续到现在,并有可能还会延续下去。例如:

I have lived here for a long time.

He has been ill for a week.

3. 动词不与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。例如:

I have bought this book. (buy为点动词,不可与段时间状语连用)

I have had the book for two months. (had是have的过去分词,是延续性动词,在这里当保持、拥有讲,可以同段时间状语连用)

I left Shanghai 3 days ago.

I’ve been away from Shanghai for 3 days. (同理上例)

2010中考动词考点

考点一、行为动词

[经典试题] —When did your unclein Shanghai?

—The day before yesterday. (2009 太原)

A. arrive

B. get

C. reach

[试题精析]A。arrive in/at=reach=get to,表示“到达”。

[知识储备]行为动词按照其后是否能跟宾语,可分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词就是后面必须跟宾语,其意义才完整的动词,如:love, want, teach等;不及物动词本身意义完整,其后不必跟宾语,如跟宾语必须在动词后加上适当的介词,如:get, come, listen, arrive等。

考点二、系动词

[经典试题]—Long time no see!

—Oh, itlike years since I last saw you.(2009 芜湖)

A. looks

B. seems

C. feels

D. sounds

[试题精析]B。考查系动词后面跟介词like时的用法。look like意为“看上去像”;seem like 意为“好像、似乎”;feel like意为“想要”;sound like意为“听起来像”。seem like后面可以跟since引导的从句,而其他三个则不行,故选B。

[知识储备]系动词的词义不完整,须与表语一起构成谓语。常见的系动词如下:be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, become, get, grow, go, turn, keep, stay, remain等。

考点三、助动词

[经典试题]—youyour drawing?

—Not yet!It will be done in a few minutes.(2009 西安)

A. Did; finish

B. Will; finish

C. Do; finish

D. Have; finished

[试题精析]D。Not yet用于对现在完成时的一般疑问句作否定回答。现在完成时的构成是助动词have+动词的过去分词。

[知识储备]助动词本身没有词义,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语,表示时态、语态、语气等。常用的助动词有be, do, have, will, shall等。

考点四、情态动词

情态动词本身有一定的意义,但没有人称和数的变化,不能单独使用,须和实义动词一起构成句子的谓语,表示说话者的情感、态度和语气。

[经典试题1] —you swim?

—Yes, but I’m not a good swimmer. (2009 北京)

A. Can

B. May

C. Need

D. Must

[试题精析]A。由答语“是的,但是我游得不是很好”可知——问句是询问对方是否会游泳,故答案为can。情态动词can表示能力。

[经典试题2]—What would you send to your sister as the Christmas gift?

—I haven’t decided yet. Isend her a hand-bag. (2009 成都)

A. shall

B. may

C. must

[试题精析]B。根据“I haven’t decided yet. ”可知——答语的后一句意为“我也许会送她一个手提包”,故选B。

[经典试题3]—Susan has bought a large house with a swimming pool.

—Itbe very expensive. I never even dream about it. (2009 南昌)

A. must

B. might

C. can’t

D. shouldn’t

[试题精析]A。must意为“肯定,一定”;might意为“也许,或许”;can’t意为“不能,不可能”;shouldn’t意为“不应该”。由“I never even dream about it. ”可知选A。

考点五、短语动词

[经典试题]—Shall I take you to the shopping mall after work?

—No, thanks. My father said he wouldon his way home. (2009 宜昌)

A. look for me

B. pick me up

C. let me down

D. take after me

[试题精析]B。look for me意为“寻找我”;pick me up意为“接我”;let me down意为“使我失望”;take after me意为“与我长得像”。此句意为“我的父亲说他将在回家的路上接我”,故选B。

考点六、动词的ing形式作宾语

[经典试题1] No one knew why the woman keptat the party. (2009 益阳)

A. laugh

B. to laugh

C. laughing

[试题精析]C。keep doing sth 表“一直做某事”。动词keep的后面跟动词的ing形式(动名词),作宾语。

[经典试题2] It is reported that thousands of people are looking forward to (come) to Beijing to watch the 2008 Beijing Olympics. (2008 莆田)

[试题精析]答案为coming。look forward to意为“盼望”,其中的to为介词,后跟动词的-ing形式。

考点七、动词不定式作宾语补足语

[经典试题1]His parents often encourage him hard. (2009 北京)

A. work

B. working

C. to work

D. works

[试题精析]C。encourage sb to do sth 为固定搭配。

[经典试题2]The global financial crisis(金融危机) has made many peopletheir money. (2009 宿迁)

A. to care for

B. took care of

C. be careful with?摇?摇?摇?摇

D. to be cared about

[试题精析]C。考查考生对make sb do sth的运用。句意为“全球金融危机使许多人花钱谨慎起来”。be careful with意为“对……小心/谨慎”。

考点八、动词的后面跟to do与doing时的异同

[经典试题]—Don’t forgetmy parents when you are in Beijing.

—OK! I won’t. (2009 长沙)

A. to see

B. sees

C. seeing

[试题精析]A。forget to do sth 表示“忘记要去做某事”,而forget doing sth 表示”忘记曾经做过某事”。根据答语OK!I won’t. 可以推断出事情还没有做,故选A。

[知识储备](1) remember to do sth 记住去做某事, remember doing sth 记得做过某事;(2) stop to do sth 停下来去做某事,stop doing sth 停止做某事; (3) go on to do sth 接着做另一件事, go on doing sth 继续做同一件事。

考点九、动词的时态

[经典试题1]—Can I help you?

—I bought this watch here yesterday, but itwork. (2009 南昌)

A. won’t

B. didn’t

C. doesn’t

D. wouldn’t

[试题精析]C。由问句可知此处应用一般现在时。

[经典试题2]Theyher to the party, so she was very happy. (2009 北京)

A. invite

B. invited

C. will invite

D. are inviting

[试题精析]B。由后半句的时态可推断此处的时态是一般过去时。

[经典试题3]Attention, please. Therea football game between China and Korea this evening. (2009 淄博)

A. is going to be

B. has been

C. has

D. will have

[试题精析]A。由时间状语this evening可知应用一般将来时,故排除B、C两项。本句为there be句型,不能用have。