2020届中考英语 动词不定式考点梳理
动词不定式
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式。其结构是“to +动词原形”，否定形式为“not + to +动词原形”。动词不定式在句中不充当谓语，不受主语的限制，但有时态和语态的变化。动词不定式是全国各地区中考的必考点之一。现结合最近几年的中考真题，全面梳理动词不定式的考点。
走进考题，用心感悟
1. It’s happy for me __________ (have) the bike.
2. They prefer __________ (stay) at home rather than go out.
3. He is old enough __________ (join) the army.
4. His boss made him __________ (finish) the work after five.
5. His plan is __________ (spend) her summer in Shanghai.
6. Have you got anything __________ (say)?
7. Do you know when __________ (start) our work?
8. He went out __________ (carry) the big bag.
9. __________ (do) the homework at school is our duty.
10. The teacher told me __________ (clean) the classroom after class.
请大家大胆尝试做以上十个小题。在做题的过程中，不需要过多考虑，要凭感觉填写，我相信这样的话大家做题的正确率会很高。怎么样？完成了吧？是不是发现这些题的答案大都是“to +动词原形”呢？
精心思索，你会发现动词不定式具有以下特点：动词不定式运用范围广，位置灵活；除了不能做谓语之外，动词不定式几乎可以充当其他句子成分。
边讲边练，牢记结构
一、动词不定式做主语
1. 动词不定式直接做主语。例如：
To drive less is good for the environment. 少开车对环境有好处。(2020北京)
2. 下列特殊句型中的动词不定式做真正的主语。
△“It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.”意为“做某事对某人来说是……的”。其中句中的形容词多为描述性的词语，不对人或物的品格进行评价，如difficult, easy, hard, important, dangerous, impossible等。
△“It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth.”意为“做某事对某人来说是……的”。其中句中的形容词用于描述人的性格、品质，如kind, good, nice, right, wrong, clever, careless, polite, foolish 等。
△“It is a / one’s + n. (task / duty / job) + to do sth.”意为“做某事是……的任务/职责/工作”。例如：It’s my duty to save patients. 治病救人是我的职责。
【真题再现】
1. (2020雅安) It is important ______ people ______ good manners.
A. for; to learn
B. of; to learn
C. for; learn
D. of; learn
2. (2020钦州) —Let me help you carry the box, Granny.
—Thank you, Li Lei. It’s very nice ______ you ______ me.
A. of; to help
B. for; to help
C. of; helping
D. for; helping
3. (2020龙东) —It’s our duty ______ our city clean and beautiful.
—Yes. We should do something for it.
A. to keep
B. keep
C. keeping
二、动词不定式做表语
动词不定式做表语，一般用于be动词或seem等系表动词后面。主语通常是wish, idea, work, task, job, aim等。例如：
My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天打扫房间。
三、动词不定式做宾语
动词不定式做宾语是中考常考点之一，其用法分为两种情况：
1. 一些动词必须接动词不定式做宾语，这类动词有want, decide, learn, hope, plan, afford, need, would like, expect, intend, agree, refuse等。
2. think, find, make, feel等动词可用于“v. + it + adj. + to do sth.”结构。在此句型中，it做形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。
【真题再现】
4. (2020遂宁) They decided ______ a bridge over the river.
A. build
B. to build
C. building
5. (2020扬州) —Some children can’t afford ______ necessary stationary.
—Let’s donate our pocket money to them.
A. buy
B. buying
C. to buy
D. be bought
6. (2020齐齐哈尔) I found ______ not very easy ______ to ride a bike.
A. that; learn
B. it; to learn
C. that; to learn
四、动词不定式做宾语补足语
后接动词不定式做宾语补足语的动词分为两种情况：1. 后接带to的不定式做宾补的动词有ask, tell, get, want, would like, need, teach, invite, advise, order, encourage, warn, remind, allow, persuade, force等。2. 后接省略to的不定式做宾补的动词有：一感(feel)、二听(listen to; hear)、三让(make; let; have)、四看(look at; see; watch; notice)、半帮助(help)。但要注意的是，在被动语态结构中，应还原动词不定式符号to，如make sb. do sth. → be made to do sth.。
【真题再现】
7. (2020上海) My friend invited me ______ the art club, and I accepted it with pleasure.
A. join
B. to join
C. joined
D. joining
8. (2020呼和浩特) Mr. Smith told his son ______ the football match because of the exam.
A. not to watch
B. to not watch
C. not watching
D. doesn’t watch
9. (2020临沂) What happens when you hear a strange noise at night, or find a big spider in
the
corner of your bedroom? It often makes us ______.
A. jump
B. to jump
C. jumping
D. jumped
10. (2020呼和浩特) If you see the cartoon film, you will ______ laugh.
A. be made
B. be made to
C. made to
D. make
11. (2020呼和浩特) —Why don’t you watch TV at home?
—I’d love to, but my mother doesn’t allow me ______ that.
A. do
B. did
C. to do
D. doing
12. (2020黔西南) Tom’s mother told him ______ eating too much meat.
A. stopping
B. to stop
C. stops
D. stopped
五、动词不定式做状语
动词不定式做状语，可以表示目的、结果或者原因等。
【真题再现】
13. (2020未名) Mr. Li is a kind-hearted man. Though he is not rich, he always does everything
he can ______ the homeless children.
A. to support
B. support
C. supporting
D. supported
14. (2020泰安) When you leave, please turn off the lights ______ energy.
A. save
B. to save
C. saving
D. saved
15. (2020丽水) —Does Mary only have an apple for breakfast?
—Yes. She eats like a bird ______.
A. to wake up
B. to be strong
C. to lose weight
D. to fall asleep
六、动词不定式做定语
1. 动词不定式做定语时位于被修饰词语之后，做后置定语。
2. 如果不定式动词与被修饰语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，并且该动词是不及物动词，则
需要加上适当的介词或副词使动宾关系成立。
【真题再现】
16. (2020漳州) —We don’t have enough money for our field trip. What shall we do?
—The best way ______ money is to sell newspapers.
A. raise
B. to raise
C. raising
17. (2020凉山) When you move somewhere new, the first thing for you is to find a place ____.
A. to live
B. living in
C. to live in
18. (2020毕节) —Would you like something ______?
—Yes. I’d like ______.
A. drink; orange
B. to drink; orange
C. to eat; orange
D. eat; oranges
七、特殊结构中的动词不定式
动词不定式可以和疑问词who, what, which, when, how, where等词连用，构成“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，在句中可以做主语、宾语和表语。此结构通常位于下列动词之后：tell, teach, know, wonder, learn, show, ask等。
【真题再现】
19. (2020福州) —So beautiful flowers! I can’t decide ______ for my mum.
—For Mother’s Day, it can’t be better to take some carnations (康乃馨).
A. when to choose
B. which to choose
C. how to choose
20. (2020自贡) I really don’t know ______ this question. It is too hard.
A. which to answer
B. how to answer
C. what to answer
返璞归真，活学活用
“问渠那得清如许，为有源头活水来”。个人认为，学习动词不定式应该返璞归真，从源头开始，深刻理解其内涵，在运用中悟出其用法，达到随心所欲的目的。不要断章取义地理解，也不要死板硬套地学习。
1. 明确内涵
对于动词不定式，不要刻意去记它在句中充当什么成分。它属于非谓语动词，要明确它在句中不能充当谓语，没有人称和数的变化。在其他情况下，把它当作一个插入语，“哪里需要就往哪里搬”。在运用感悟中，体会其在句中的成分，分析其位置关系。如此，就会很快掌握其内涵和用法。
2. 牢记结构
动词不定式是由“to +动词原形”构成，其否定式是在其前加not。
3. 活学活用
同学们要在“做中学”，“做中思”，举一反三，通过不断的练习，找到规律。只要这样才会运用得当，得心应手。
动词不定式的句法功能
动名词的句法功能
分词的句法功能
近年河北省中考动词不定式真题(15’)
1. (2020) —It’s important for us to know ______ all the subjects.
—Yeah, group work is my favorite.
A. how to study
B. when to study
C. which to study
D. what to study
2. (2020) Don’t forget ______ thanks when other people help you.
A. accept
B. to accept
C. say
D. to say
3. (2020) ______ a book in the library, enter a key word into the computer.
A. To find
B. Find
C. To write
D. Write
4. (2020) More and more young people are trying to do something ______ the old.
A. served
B. to serve
C. serve
D. serves
5. (2020) We are going for a picnic tomorrow. I’ll call Wendy to make sure ______.
A. why to start
B. when to start
C. what to start
D. which to start
6. (2020) The menu has so many good thi ngs! I can’t decide ______.
A. what to eat
B. how to eat
C. where to eat
D. when to eat
7. (2020) Jane likes singing. We often hear her ______ after class.
A. sing
B. to sing
C. sings
D. sang
8. (2020) Oh, Danny. It’s raining outside, You’d better ______ your raincoat.
A. put on
B. put up
C. dress
D. to wear
9. (2020) Would you show me ______ an e-mail, please? First time for me.
A. how to make
B. how to send
C. which to make
D. when to send
10. (2020) —Your spoken English is much better.
—Thank you. My teacher often asks us ______ English as ______ as possible.
A. to speak, many
B. not to speak, much
C. to speak, much
D. not to speak, more
11. (2001) The children are often asked ______ loudly in the library. They must keep quite.
A. to speak
B. not to speak
C. don’t speak
D. not speak
12. (2020张家口一模) All these shoes are so well-made that I haven’t decided ______.
A. which to choose
B. what to choose
C. how to choose
D. where to choose
13. (2020石家庄二模) —Did the guide teach you ______ a model robot?
—Yes. It was interesting but kind of difficult.
A. how to make
B. when to make
C. which to make
D. what to make
14. (2020石家庄桥东区二模) We are often told ______ at people in trouble.
A. laughing
B. laugh
C. not to laugh
D. laughed
15. (2020石十八县市二模) Whenever you have a chance ______ English, you should take it.
A. speak
B. to speak
C. spoke
D. speaks
参考答案
走进考题，用心感悟
1. to have
2. to stay
3. to join
4. finish
5. to spend / spending
6. to say
7. to start
8. to carry / carrying
9. To do / Doing 10. to clean
中考动词不定式考点梳理(2020)
1-5. AAABC 6-10. BBAAB 11-15. CBABC 16-20. BCBBB
近年河北省中考动词不定式真题(15’)
1-5. ADABB 6-10. AAABC 11-15. BAACB
中考英语情态动词考点归纳与例析
中考英语情态动词考点归纳与例析 【重点讲解】 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，表示“必须”、“可能”、“应当”、“必要”等。情态动词本身具有一定的意义，但词义不完全，不能独立作谓 语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，没有非谓语形式。 常见情态动词用法归纳： 1.can和could:can表示能力、可能，只用于一般现在时，过去时用could。 (比较：beableto可以用于多种时态。)但could表示提出委婉的请求，或在否 定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑时，不表示时态。例如： CouldIhavethetelevisionon?我可以打开电视吗？ Hecouldn’tbeabadman.他不大可能是坏人。 2.may和might表示允许或请求。might表示推测时，不表示时态，只是表示可能性比may小。 3.may(might)have+donesth的意思是“可能已经做了某事”，推测在过去时间里可能 发生的事情。例如： Hemay(might)havebeenhurtseriouslyinthecaraccident. 4.must和haveto都是“必须”的意思。haveto表示客观的需要，must表示说话人主观 上的看法，既主观上的必要。haveto有人称、数、时态的变化，而 must只有一种形式。另外，must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为“一定”。 否定推测用can't。 5.musthave+donesth表示对过去可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有“肯定”， “谅必”的意思。例如： --Lindahasgonetowork,butherbicycleisstillhere. --Shemusthavegonebybus. 6.should和oughtto都是“应该”的意思，可用于各种人称。 7.oughttohavedonesth/shouldhavedonesth表示本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句则表示“不该做某事而做了”。另外，oughtto在语气上比should要强。例如：Yououghtto(should)havebeenmorecarefulinthisexperiment. Heoughtnottohavethrowntheoldclothesaway. 8.need和dare既可用作实义动词用，又可用作情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句中。 9.needn'thavedonesth表示“本没必要做某事”。例如： Idressedverywarmlyforthetrip,butIneedn'thavedoneso.Theweatherwas hot. 1
中考英语动词不定式考点全攻略
中考英语动词不定式考点全攻略 动词不定式历来是中考英语命题的热点之一。它是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为"（not）to+动词原形"。 考点攻略一：动词不定式作主语 1）动词不定式直接用在主语位置：To see you is always a pleasure. 2）如果主语较长，则可以用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。 ①It is +形容词+(of sb.) to do sth. 此处常用careless, clever, foolish, honest, kind, nice, rude, stupid, silly, wrong, wise等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质。 It’s brave of you to jump into the river to save the boy! ②It is +名词或形容词+ (for sb.)to do sth. 此处常用necessary, hard, difficult, easy, important, impossible等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式的动作或行为的性质。 It is our duty to keep our classroom clean. It is important for us to protect the environment. ③It takes sb. some time to do sth. It usually takes us about two and a half hours to travel from Shanghai to Japan. 考点攻略二：动词不定式作宾语 其后常接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, afford, choose, decide, expect, plan, promise, manage, hope, wish, want, seem, refuse, fail等。 I didn’t expect to see you here. 在某些复合宾语中，动词有find, consider, think, make, feel,常先用it代替不定式，作形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。 I find it impossible to finish the task on time. 考点攻略三：动词不定式作宾语补足语 动词不定式作宾补，即“动词+宾语+（not）to do sth.”，接不定式作宾补的常见动词有：advise, allow, ask, cause, expect, beg, encourage, get, help, invite, teach, order, remind, tell, want, wish, warn等。 My parents always tell me not to be late for school. 考点攻略四：动词不定式作表语 不定式作表语一般位于系动词之后，表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作；若主语是aim, duty, hope, idea, job, plan, problem, purpose, wish等名词，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 It is said that they are to visit China next month. My wish is to become a scientist like Einstein. 考点攻略五：动词不定式作定语（常用于名词之后）。 由only, last, next,序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语， Tom is always the first student to arrive at school. 注：动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词，而不定式与其修饰的词之间有动宾关系时，此不定式后要加相应的介词。 We haven’t decided which hotel to stay at. I need a pen to write with. 考点攻略六：动词不定式作目的状语。如： To keep fit, students are advised to do morning exercises. so as to (不可用于句首使用)，in order to也可以引导目的状语。
中考英语考点归纳(全).
中考英语考点归纳（全） ［短语、词组归纳］ 由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。复习时应分类处理： 一、动词+介词 1. ............................................................................ look at… 看…，look like… 看上去像,look after…照料… 2. listen to …听 ... 3. welcome to…欢迎到.... 4. say hello to …向.... 问好 5. speak to…对... 说话 此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。 二、动词+副词 动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类： A. 动词（vt.）+副词 1. put on 穿上 2. take off 脱下 3. write down 记下 此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能放在副词的前 面。 B. 动词（vi）+副词。 1. come on 赶快 2. get up 起床 3. go home 回家 4. come in 进来 5. sit down 坐下6 . stand up 起立 此类短语属于不及物动词，不可以带宾语。 三、其它类动词词组 1. close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class 4. be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper 7.1ook young 8.go shopp ing 9.watch TV/games 10. play games ［介词短语聚焦］ 介词+名词/代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将初中常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。 1. ................................................................................................. in+语言/颜色/衣帽等，表示使用某种语言或穿着.................................................. 。 2. .................................................................................... in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade 等，表示在排/队/班级/年级"等。 3. in the morning/afternoon/ evening/ 表示在上午/下午/傍晚"等一段时间。 4. in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里” 5. in the tree表示在树上（非树本身所有）” on the tree表示在树上（为树本身所有）” 6. in the wall表示在墙上（凹陷进去）” on the wall表示在墙上（指墙的表面）” 7. at work （在工作）/at school （上学）/at home （在家）应注意此类短语中无the。 & at +时刻表示钟点。 9. like this/that表示方式，意为像...... 这/那样” 10. of短语表示所属关系。 11. behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名词等，表示方位、处所。
(整理校对,适合打印)2016年中考英语情态动词模拟试题
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初中英语语法动词不定式讲解 动词不定式 不定式：to + 动词原形 知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！ 动词不定式的基本形式是"to + 动词原形"，有时可以不带to。动词不定式（或不定式短语）没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍可保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。如：to read the newspaper, to speak at the meeting 等 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语： 句法作用例句 作宾语She wanted to borrowed my radio. They began to read and write. 作状语She went to see her grandma last Sunday . He came to give us a talk yesterday. 作宾语补足语Lucy asked him to turn off the radio. She asked me to speak more loudly Jim told Ling Feng to go home at once . The father made his son study hard. 作定语Have you got anything to say? I had something to eat this morning . 作主语To learn a foreign language is not easy. 注：作主语用的动词不定式常常为it替代，动词不定式（或短语）放在后面。例如： It is not easy to learn a foreign language. It took us three days to do the work. 动词不定式的否定形式由"not+动词不定式"构成. 如:
中考动词知识点归纳
中考英语动词知识点归纳 have fun doing sth; spend… doing sth; devote to doing sth stop to do sth 停下来去做另一件事keep to do sth 继续做某事（不同的事） stop doing sth 停止正在做的事keep doing sth 继续做某事（同一件事） forget to do sth 忘记去做某事（未做）remember to do sth. 记得去做某事（未做） 一般现在时常与usually, often, always, every… twice a week, seldom, sometimes等连用。 一般过去进常与yesterday, last year, in 1976, …ago等时间状语连用。 现在进行时常与now, at the moment, Listen! Look! Be quiet!等时间状语连用。 过去进行时常与at 9:00 yesterday,at this time last…,from seven to nine;when/while+过去式连用一般将来时常与tomorrow, soon, later, next… in+时间段, in the future 等连用 过去将来时表示从过去的某一时刻看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 现在完成时常与already,yet,just,ever,never,before,recently,for+时间段, since+时间点等连用。过去完成时即过去的过去，必须以过去某一时间作为前提。 注：if, as soon as引导从句时，主句一般将来时，从句一般现在时 肯定句变被动句：首先找到第一个实义动词，将后面的宾语（代词或名词、名词短语）提
初中英语中考情态动词考点及练习汇编
情态动词 【情态动词】又叫情态助动词。它们具有以下特点： ⑴它们必须与其他动词连用，即：情态动词＋动词原形 表示说话人对所述动作的看法，如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等。 ⑵绝大多数情态动词没有人称和数的变化，即第三人称单数不加-s （以be和have 开头的情态动词短语除外）。 ⑶在意义上，情态动词具有“多义性”。 例：can既可表示能力，又可表示可能、允许等意义。 【情态动词的基本用法】 1. can的基本用法： ⑴表示体力或智力上的能力，即“能够，会”，可与be able to转换。 例：He can speak English. = He is able to speak English. —Can you play basketball? — No, I can’t. 如果表示将来具备的能力，要用will be able to。 例：If I have a good sleep, I will be able to do the problem. ⑵表示许可，主要用于口语，书面语一般用may。 例：—Can we go home now, please? — No, you can’t. You can only smoke in this room. You can’t keep the library books for more than a month. ⑶表示“可能”，与may同义，但一般用在疑问句中。 例：What can he possibly want? 在否定句中，否定形式can’t表示推测“不大可能”。 例：Anybody can make mistakes. The news can’t be true. 与第一、二人称连用时，还可以就可能的解决问题的方式或可能的行为提出建议。在这里，也可用could使语气婉转。 例：Can / Could we meet again next week? 下周我们可以再见面吗？ —What shall we do? 我们怎么办呢？ — We can / could try asking Lucy for help. ——我们可以请露茜帮忙试试看。 You can / could help me with the cooking. 你可以帮我做饭。 2. may的基本用法: ⑴表示“许可”，用can比较口语化。 例：You may / can come if you wish. 如果你想来，你就来。 You may not pick flowers in this park. 本公园内不许摘花。 （may not表示按规定不许可，如果用mustn’t则表示说话人不许可。） —May I smoke here? 我可以在这里抽烟吗？ —No, you mustn’t.不行。（mustn’t表示明确的禁止。） ⑵肯定句中表示推测，“可能”。 例：It may rain tomorrow. 明天可能会下雨。 The news may not be true. 这个消息可能不会是真的。 注意：如果在疑问句中表示“可能”，通常用can。 例：Can it be true? 那会是真的吗？ Who can he be? 他究竟是谁呢？ ⑶【注意】：—May I/we……？