2013职称英语第43课重点单词详解

2013职称英语第43课重点单词详解
2013职称英语第43课重点单词详解

第四十三课

v.醒;意识到;唤醒;激起;使意识到;使唤醒

?awaken to使意识到

?awaken someone to使某人认识到…,唤起某人对…的认识

awake adj.醒着的;警觉的 v.唤起;唤醒;醒来

wake v.醒来;唤醒;意识到 n.航迹;守夜

v.唤醒;醒来;觉醒;激发

v.(动词)

1.waken的基本意思是“叫醒,闹醒,唤醒”。引申可指“使觉醒,使振奋”。

2.waken既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,可接名词或代词作宾

语。可用于被动结构。

3.waken可接介词from,表示“唤醒,弄醒”; 接介词to,表示“警告某人注意〔提防〕”。词义辨析v.(动词)

waken, awake, awaken, wake这组词都有“唤醒”“醒来”的意思,它们的区别是:

1.wake是最常用词,也是最不正式的用语, awake则比wake正式些。如指“醒来”“使

醒”,最好用wake。

2.waken和awaken常用作及物动词,多用于书面和被动语态中,表示“被唤醒”。awaken

和awake多用于比喻说法,表示“觉醒; 提醒”“开始意识到”等意思。

3.从语音上说,以a-开头的两个词发音更浑厚,给人印象更深,故多用于诗歌。

4.以-en结尾的两个词只用作动词, awake除用作动词外还可用作形容词, wake还可用

作名词。

waken up,wake up

这组短语的共同意思是“弄醒”。waken up一般用于比较正式的文体中; 而wake up一

般用在普通文件和日常用语中。

rouse,arouse,awake,wake,waken这些动词均有“唤醒、醒来”之意。

rouse较正式用词,用主动语态时,强调弄醒别人的努力,用被动语态时,指轻而易举

地醒过来。可用于引申意义。

arouse除表示一般的唤醒外,多作引申用。

awake正式用词,常指觉醒、警惕的状态,也多用于比喻。

wake普通常用词,指真正的醒来。即可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。

waken书面用词,常用于被动态和引申意义。

v.醒来;唤醒;意识到 n.航迹;守夜

v.(动词)

1.wake的基本意思是“唤醒”,可表示由于外界因素把处于睡眠状态的人“唤醒”或“某

事〔物〕唤起了某人的回忆”,引申可指“使醒悟”“激发”“引起”。

2.wake既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,可接名词或代词作宾语;

用作不及物动词时,可表示自发醒来或处于醒的某种状态,接不定式作状语时,表示“醒

来(发现、看出、听到)…”。

3.wake用作不及物动词时,其主动形式常可表示被动意义。

4.wake作谓语时其主语既可以是人,也可以是物。主语是物时多用于比喻、拟人等。

n.(名词)

1.wake用作名词时的意思是“航迹,痕迹”,指船、汽车等运输工具在固定的航线上留下的

印迹,有时可引申指“跟随”“带来某种不幸的事”。

2.wake常与介词in连用。

3.wake是不可数名词,没有复数形式。

用作动词(v.)

wake from (v.+prep.):(使)醒来 (cause to) become conscious again after sleep wake from sth It takes me a long time to wake from my night's sleep.

我通常需要很长时间才能从一夜的酣睡中醒来。

wake sb from sth Why did you wake me from such a beautiful dream?你

为什么把我从如此美妙的梦中唤醒?

wake to (v.+prep.):

1.醒后听到或看到(某物) hear or see sth after awaking

wake to sth Do you like waking to the sound of a radio?你愿意醒来就

听到收音机的声响吗?

On the morning of New Year's Day, people woke to the sound of firecrackers.

元旦早上,人们醒来便可以听到鞭炮声。

2.(使)开始认识到 (cause to) begin to realize

wake to sth He did not wake to the danger until he discovered that

he was surrounded on all sides by the enemy.直到发现被敌人四面包围,他

才意识到自己处境十分危险。

wake sb to sth We must wake the people to the dangers facing our country.

我们必须使人民群众认识到我们国家所面临的危险。

wake up (v.+adv.)

1.醒来; 唤醒,弄醒 (cause to) stop sleeping

wake up

What time did you wake up this morning?今天早晨你几点醒来的?

I wake up at the same time every morning without having to use an alarm

clock.我不用闹钟,每天早晨都能在同一时间醒来。

wake sb ? up

On Sundays she usually wakes up her children a little later than usual.

星期天,通常她会迟一点叫醒孩子们。

Why don't you try to sleep?I'll wake you up for the medicine.你为什么

不试着睡一会儿?我会叫醒你吃药的。

2.引起注意 give rise to sb attention

wake sb ? up

The author used three exclamatory marks at the end of the last sentence

to wake up the readers.作者在文章的最后一句连用了三个惊叹号,以引起读

者的注意。

3.(使)认识到; (使)觉悟 (cause to) realize; (cause to) become conscious of

or realize the truth of〔说明〕 wake up通常不用于进行体。

wake up

These rich kids should wake up and see the problems they have on their

hands.这些富家子弟该清醒过来了,也该意识到他们自己面临的问题。

wake sb ? up

The incident woke the leaders up.这次事件使得领导人醒悟。

wake up that-clause

More and more people are waking up that knowledge is important.越来越

多的人认识到了知识的重要性。

4.活跃起来; 激起,引起 become stirred from an inactive state; stir; excite

wake up On holidays the little town wakes up.每逢假日,这个小城镇就

活跃起来了。

wake sb ? up The art course stimulated me, woke me up.艺术课激起

了我的兴趣,使我变得活跃起来。

He needs someone to wake him up.他需要有人来使他振作起来。

wake up to (v.+adv.+prep.)(使)认识到 (cause sb to) aware of a problem, situation, etc.

wake sb ? up to sth

I wish I could wake her up to the danger she is in.我希望能唤醒她认识

到处境危险。

wake up to oneself/sth

It is time I woke up to myself.I've wasted too much time fooling around,

and I almost ruined my career.我该清醒认识自己了。我浪费了太多无所事

事的时间,差点毁了我的事业。

They should wake up to the problems they've got on their hands.他们应

该认识到他们面临的种种问题。

用作名词(n.)

in the/one's wake (of)

1.在…后留下 leaving sth on the backThe floods began to recede, leaving

swamps in their wake.洪水开始退去,留下一些沼泽地。

The car left clouds of dust in its wake.汽车驶过后尘土飞扬。

They sacked and burned as they went, leaving scarcely a cabin in their

wake.他们一路烧一路抢,几乎连一间小屋也没留下。

2.尾随 followingHe walked off with three of us in his wake.他走开了,我

们三人尾随其后。

Seagulls followed in the wake of the huge ship.海鸥尾随于大船之后。

3.由于,作为…的结果 owning to; thanks to; as the result ofThere were heavy

losses of property in the wake of the flood.洪水给财产造成重大损失。

Disease often follows in the wake of famine.饥荒之后,往往是疾病流行。

v.拖;拉;迫使;缓慢行进;进行过久;扯进;打捞 n.拖;拉;累赘;阻力

词义辨析 v.(动词)

drag, draw, pull这三个词的共同意思是“拉,拖”。其区别是:

首先, draw和pull都指拉向动作者,而drag则指拖向另一地; 其次, drag所拖之物一般较重, pull多为一时突然的动作,而draw则显得从容。例如:

He drew me to himself. 他把我拉到他身边。

He dragged the piano to the corner of the room. 他使劲地把钢琴拖向房间的角落。

He pulled the door open and rushed out. 他把门拉开,冲了出去。

drag out, draw out

两者都可作“使…拖得很长”解。drag out侧重于时间的拉长; 而draw out侧重于把

事物本身拉长; draw out还有“汲取,草拟”的意思。

drag,draw,pull,haul,tug,tow,jerk这些动词都有“拖、拉”之意。

drag指沿斜坡而上或水平方向缓慢地拖或拉十分沉重的人或物。作借喻时可指把人硬拉过来。

draw指将人或物朝出力者的方向拖,不涉及力的大小,含平稳意味,常作借喻用。

pull最普通用词,包含本组其它各词的一些意思,可指朝各个方向拉,侧重一时或突然拉动的动作。

haul指用力拖或拉,不涉及方向,多作航海用词。

tug多指一阵阵地用力拖或拉,但不一定使被拉的人或物移动。

tow特指用绳子或链条等拖或拉本身无动力或无法使用自身动力的东西。

jerk指快而突然地拉。

常用短语用作动词(v.)

drag away (v.+adv.)将…拉走; 将…硬拖走remove sb/sth by pulling; cause sb to leave with difficulty

drag sb/sth ? away It will take two elephants to drag all this wood

away.需要两头大象才能把所有的木材拖走。

drag behind (v.+adv.)落在后面move more slowly than sb else

She always drags behind.她总是落在后头。

drag down (v.+adv.)拖下去; 把身体拖垮 pull sth downwards; make sb feel weak, especially after an illness

drag sb/sth ? down

The box is too heavy to carry down the slope, we'll have to drag it down.

这箱子太重,不能扛下坡去,我们只得把它拖下去。

drag in (v.+adv.)

1.将…拖〔拉〕进去pull or force sb back

The children are so busy playing that they don't want their dinner, you'll have to drag them in.孩子们正忙于玩耍,连饭都不想吃了,你不得不把他们拖回家去。

2.牵强附会把…扯进去introduce with difficulty or unnecessarily

The issue is quite complicated enough, without dragging in the argument about the effects on wildlife.不要把对野生动物可能产生的影响硬扯到这个辩论中去,这个问题已经是很复杂了。

drag into (v.+prep.)〈非正〉强拉…参加… pull or force sb into sth or doing sth drag sb into sth/v-ing He hates parties; we had to drag him into going.

他不喜欢参加聚会,我们必须拉他去。

drag off (v.+adv.)将…拖〔拉〕走 pull sb/sth away

drag sb/sth ? off

I wanted to stay, but she dragged me off to help her shop.我本想留下

来,可她硬是把我拉走帮她买东西。

drag on1 (v.+adv.)

1.将…拖上来 pull sb/sth onto an area

drag sth ? on

The actors dragged on a boat with wheels.演员们把下面装有轮子的船拖上

来。

2.〈非正〉拖时间,拖延last an unnecessarily long time

drag on The hours dragged on.时间过得很慢。

drag on2 (v.+prep.)深吸suck at sth deeply

drag on sth He keeps dragging on his pipe.他一个劲儿地抽烟斗。

drag out (v.+adv.)

1.把…拖〔拉〕出pull sb/sth out

drag sth ? out

It's so annoying having to drag out the sewing machine every time I want to make a dress.每次做衣服时我都得把缝纫机拉出来,真烦死人了。

2.(使)拖延(cause to) last unnecessarily

drag out

The meeting dragged out all the afternoon.会议整整拖延了一下午。

drag through (v.+prep.)缓慢地通过 move slowly through sth

drag through sth

The sail was dragging through the water.帆船正在缓慢地穿过该水域。drag up (v.+adv.)

1.向上〔前〕拉pull sth upward or forward

Drag up a chair and join the conversation.把椅子拉过来,加入我们的谈话。

2.〈非正〉不必要地提起raise a subject unnecessarily

There was no need to drag up the time he spent in prison.没必要谈及他

在狱中度过的日子。

crave v.渴望;热望;迫切需要;恳求

crave, covet, desire这三个词都可表示“渴望得到某物”。其区别是:

desire较为正式和严肃,强调主观愿望的热切,有尽力争取的意味; crave侧重精神或身

体上的欲望和需要所具有的力量,例如:

I can't seem to stop craving for cigarettes.我似乎忍不住要吸烟。

covet常指一种强烈、急切、嫉妒他人的欲望,侧重企图占有别人的东西,例如:

He won the coveted huge award.他赢得了人人都垂涎的大奖。

vt.供给住宿;使适应;容纳;提供;顾及;调解 vi.适应;调节

v.(动词)

1.accommodate的基本意思是“容纳”,指容器或建筑物所能容纳的事物或人的多少,强调

容纳的舒适性,引申可指“向…提供住处〔膳食〕”,也可指“帮助,接济,施惠于”,还

可指“迁就”某人或某事。

2.accommodate还可作“使适应”解,主要指改变或调节自己以适应某人、某事物或新的情

况。

3.accommodate是及物动词,可接名词或代词作宾语,但不接双宾语。作“提供食宿”“供

给”等解时常接with引起的短语,表示供给的东西; 作“使适应”解时常接to引起的

短语,表示适应的对象。accommodate可用于被动结构。

词义辨析v.(动词)

accommodate, adapt, adjust这三者的共同意思是“使适合,使适应”。

accommodate用于使之相适应的两事物之间悬殊极大的事物,带有一方暂时必须屈从另

一方的意味; adapt用于使之适应的两事物之间差别较小的事物,将某一方稍加改变便可

适应于另一方,带有一定的灵活性和适应性; adjust则着重于结果,即达到尽可能的符合

或和谐。

accommodate, favour, oblige

这组词的共同意思是“施恩于(某人)或答应(某人)的请求”。其区别是:

oblige通常指应某人的请求去做令人惬意的小事,或指对人所做的小事表示客气和礼貌;

accommodate含有“有意协助”的意思,主要用在交易中指贷款等行为; favour专指纯

粹出于好意、不附加任何义务或期待报答的惠赐。

adapt,adjust,conform,accommodate,suit,fit这些动词均有“使适合,适应”之意。

adapt指人或物在原有情况下作某些改变以适应新的环境或不同的条件,强调改变的目

的和重要性。

adjust与adapt含义很接近,但adjust所改变的幅度要小一些,侧重过程,主要用于

调整角度、高度、光点等。

conform多指与某模式或规则相符,也引申指改变习惯等以适应新的环境。

accommodate书面用词,指以外部条件标准改变自己或某事以求得适应,着重改变或调

节的有利。

suit指适合要求,从而使人满意愉快。

fit含义广,指人或物适合或适应某一目的或用途。

n.社区;社会;公众;共同体;团体;共享;共有;[生]群落the community表示“大众”,统称为“社会”。而用society表示社会时,前面不加the。

n.(名词)

community的基本意思是“社区,社会,团体”,表示在某地区居住、具有相同文化和历史背景的民众或社区。用作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。community指一个地区或国家的“大众,公众”时,前面通常有定冠词the,引申还可表示“共有,共享”。

community, society

这两个词的共同意思是“社会”,在作有共同职业、爱好的“团体”“社团”解时,两词可互换使用。例如:

The medical workers formed a society〔community〕.医务工作者成立了一个团体。

两者区别在于:

1.society意为“社会”“社会阶层”,是普通用语,语义范围比community广泛,泛指全

人类的社会,普遍的社会各阶层,侧重人文概念。

https://www.360docs.net/doc/6010675698.html,munity指由同住一地区或同一国的人所构成的“社区”“社会”,侧重地理概念。

例如:

Our community has its own library.我们的社区有自己的图书馆。

This is the only shop in the village community.这是本社区唯一的商店。

executive adj.行政的;决策的;经营的;[计算机]执行指令 n.行政主管;行政部n.(名词)

1.executive用作名词的基本意思是“主管,高级行政人员,行政官”,也可指政府的“行政

部门”。

2.executive还可指在企业、工会等中的“行政领导,董事会”,是集合名词,用作主语时其

谓语动词可用单数形式,也可用复数形式。

smart adj.时髦的;漂亮的;聪明的;敏捷的;整洁的;厉害的vi.刺痛;难过;烦

adj.(形容词)

1.smart指人时,表示思维能力很强,办事巧妙,能圆滑地处理人际关系等,有时也带有表面

的或肤浅的色彩; 有时含贬义,即含有狡猾、诡秘的一面。

2.smart在指人的外表时,强调人穿上剪裁得体、线条明晰的衣着,是时髦的或是上流社会

的。

3.smart还可指打击或批评是“猛烈的,有力的”。

词义辨析 adj.(形容词)

smart, bright, clever, intelligent, shrewd, wise

这组形容词的共同意思是“聪明的”“有智慧的”“英明的”“有头脑的”。其区别在于:

1.bright一般指年轻人,尤指小孩的聪明、机警; wise指“有智慧的”“英明的”“有

头脑的”; smart指“头脑敏捷的”“精明老练的”,常指思维能力很强,办事巧妙,能圆滑地处理人际关系等,有时也带有表面的或肤浅的色彩; clever指“聪明的”“伶俐的”

“能干的”,尤指很有理解或学习能力的; shrewd指“机灵的”“敏锐的”“精明的”,表示谙于世故,对事物浅尝辄止,遇事老谋深算,从不忽略个人私利; intelligent指某人是“聪明的”“智力好的”,善于作出正确的判断。例如:

In some schools, the bright pupils tutor the dull ones.在一些学校里,一些聪明的学生辅导迟钝的学生。

She was wise to their scheme.她了解他们的诡计。

He is so smart that he will jump at the chance.他这个人很有头脑,不会错过这个机会的。

Jack is a clever student.杰克是个聪明伶俐的学生。

I think you've made a shrewd investment there.我认为你在那方面的投资极为聪明。

Elephants are intelligent animals.象是聪明的动物。

2.bright强调反应快; wise强调有判断力的、能明辨是非的; intelligent强调思维清

楚、理解力强。例如:

Tom is a bright scholar in the class.汤姆在班上是个聪明的学生。

It is wise to keep out of debt.不借债是明智的。

He was intelligent enough to understand my question from the gestures I made.

他很聪明,从我的手势就明白了我的问题。

bright,clever,wise,brilliant,intelligent,ingenious,smart,shrewd 这些形容词均含有“聪明的”之意。

bright口语常用词,多指年轻人,尤指小孩思路敏捷,理解力强,机灵等。

clever强调头脑灵活,接受新事物快,有智有谋,但不一定暗示全面妥当地考虑问题。

wise侧重不是一般的聪明伶俐,而是有远见,有智慧,能明智地处理问题。

brilliant指人的才华出众,思路敏捷,常令人赞叹不已。

intelligent正式用词,指在理解新的、抽象东西或处理解决问题时,智力超过一般常

人。

ingenious指思路敏捷,并暗示有创造与发明的才能和技巧。

smart普通用词,与bright和clever的意思很相近,但更强调机灵。

shrewd指精明老练,有头脑,善于判断和把握有利机会。

用作形容词(adj.)

smart alec

1.自作聪明的人,万事通 person who acts as if he has great ability

He's such a smart alec—he thinks he knows everybody else's jobs better

than they do themselves.他是那么个自以为是的人——他以为人家干的事他

样样都懂。

Some smart alec will get himself killed at that bend if we don't ban

overtaking there.如果我们不在那拐弯处禁止超车,准会有不知天高地厚的人

在那儿送命。

n.尖端;山顶;顶峰 v.达到顶峰;使处于顶点 vi.消瘦

n.(名词)

1.peak用作名词的基本意思是“山峰,山顶”,也可指带尖峰的“高山”,用于比喻时可指

数量、比率、水平等的“最高点,最高水平; 高峰”。

2.peak在句中还置于其他名词前用作定语。

summit,climax,peak,top这些名词均含“顶点”之意。

summit书面用词,指山的最顶峰部分,也指通过努力可以达到的最高水平,还指最重要的,国家间的首脑最高级会谈。

climax指戏剧等的高潮,也指事物发展中的极点,因此多含其后由盛而衰的意味。

peak指山峰的全部或上部。

top普通用词,可指包括人或物或其它任何的最高点或顶点。

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