英语语法及知识点专题练习
英语语法及知识点专题练习（定语从句）V
一．什么叫定语从句
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句有限定性从句和非限定性从句。在初中阶段多为限定性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词后面，关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时也可作定语从句的某个成分。引起定语从句的关系代词有that, which , who , whom ,whose 和关系副词where when why等。
二．定语从句中关系代词的用法
1.当先行词是不定代词all, much等时，或者被这些词修饰时，只能用that引用定语从句。例：I’ve read all the books that my mother bought for me .我已经读完了妈妈给我买的所有的书。
2. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，只能用that引导定语从句。例：This is the most exciting movie that I have ever seen .这就是我曾经看过的最有趣的电影。
3.先行词被the only , the last, the same, the very修饰时，只能用that引导定语从句。例如：This is the only book that was written by him .这就是唯一一本他写的书。
4.先行词既指人又指物时，只能用that引导定语从句。例如，They are talking about the school and the teachers that they visited yesterday .
5. 当关系代词前介词时，只能用which引导定语从句。例如：This is the house of which the windows face south.这是那所窗户朝南的房子。
6. 非限定性定语从句只能用which引导定语从句引导。例如：Football, which is a very
interesting game, is played in many countries.很多国家都在踢足球，他是很有趣的运动项目。
7.先行词是that，those时，只能用which引导定语从句例如：What’s that which was put in the car ?
五．关系代词who, whom, that 的用法区别（先行词指人）
1. 在who开头的疑问句中，若出现定语从句修饰指人的先行词时，只能用that引导从句。例：Who is the boy that is wearing a red coat over there?
2. 先行词是those, one 等指人的不定代词，定语从句用who引导。例：We should help those who are in trouble .
3. 先行词是人且介词提前紧跟先行词之后时，只能用whom,引导定语从句。例如：This I the boy with whom I played tennis .
六．知识点
1.prefer常用于下例搭配中：1)Prefer doing to doing“喜欢······胜于······”或Prefer A to B意为“A 与B比较起来，更喜欢A。这里to是介词。He prefers red to blue.
2)prefer to do … rather than do…相当于would rather do … than do…意为“宁愿做······而不愿做······”这里的to为动词不定式符号，后接动词原形。I prefer to go with you.
2.stick 的用法
stick是动词，意为“刺；插；粘贴”常用短语有：stick to坚持，stick······into（把······插入）；也可作名词，意为“棍；棒”He stuck a fork into a big piece of beef .
3.down 的用法
Down是形容词，意为“悲哀的；沮丧的”与upset同义；也可作副词，意为“向下”When I was down, I often listen to some light music to make myself calm down.
4. plenty of 大量的；充足的。后可接可数名词复数形式和不可数名词。There’s plenty of time .
5.shut v.关闭（shut ，shut）shut off关闭；切断；停止运转。We shut off the motor before we left the workshop .
6.intelligent 意为“有才智的；聪明的”与clever同义
Human beings are much more intelligent than animals .
7.praise的用法.praise可作动词或名词，意为“表扬；赞扬”，常用短语有：in praise of 称赞；歌颂,praise for称赞,praise sb.for sth.表扬某人某事。His composition was praised.
8.be supposed to do sth.应该做······，期望······；被认为······。同义词be excepted to do sth.
9.drop by 顺便拜访
10. after all 毕竟；终究
11.value n.价值，形容词为valuable.
12.effort的用法1）不可数名词：表示力量和精力。I can carry it without effort. It’s a waste of time and effort .2)可数名词：努力，奋斗。Make an effort to do sth. 尽力。Please make an effort to get there on time.
13.worth adj.“这得；有价值的。有······价值”，后常跟名词、代词、或动名词作宾语。She’s not worth getting angry with. be worth doing sth. ······值得做
14.point v. （用······）指；指向point at表示进指，at后一般跟动作的目标。point to表示远指，to后一般接动作的方向。point out指出
He pointed the gun at her head . He pointed out the danger of driving alone .
15. go out of one’s way to do sth.特地（努力）Thanks for going out of your to help me.
16.make sb. feel at home使某人感到宾至如归She is very kind to me and always makes me feel at home
17.be/get used to 与used to do
.be/get used to “习惯于”，后接名词、代词或动名词。My brother is used to staying up late. used to do “过去常常”后接动词原形。The village isn’t like what it used to be.
18. except, besides , but 与except for
Except “除······之外”指除外的部分不包括在内。All came except John.
besides“除······之外还有”指除外的部分包括在内.也可作副词表示“此外”We all succeeded besides Linda .我们所有的都成功了包括Linda .
but“除了”常与某些不定代词nothing, all, anyone连用。There’s nothing but wait .
except for“除了”指对某些基本情况用于具体细节方面的修正。He’s a good man except for his temper .他是个好人，只是脾气不好。
19.be comfortable doing sth.顺便地做某事
20.no matter
no matter“不论；无论”与what, who, when, where, which, how等疑问词连用，引导让步状语从句（通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用一般过去时代替过去将来时）如：“no matter+疑问词”相当于“疑问词后接ever.”No matter what you say, I won’t believe you .不论你说什么，我都不相信。
21.avoid v.“避免；躲避”后接名词、代词或动名词。They avoided mentioning that name .
22.every day 与everyday every day “每天”在句子做状语。everyday 为形容词。“每天的；日常的”在句子做定语。She wears an everyday suit every day .
23.absent adj.“缺席；不在”“做某事缺席”时后跟from. Some students were absent from class.
24.influence v&n. 指在思想、性格、行为等方面所产生的潜移默化的“影响”have an influence in sth.在某方面有影响。What you read influences your thinking .
24.proud adj. “自豪的；骄傲的”其名词形式为pride. 常用的短语：be proud of =takepridein
为······感到自豪、骄傲。His parents are proud of/ take pride in him .
25.other/else else是形容词，“其他的。别的”长放在不定代词、不定副词或疑问词的后面。Other是形容词，意为“其他的”长放在名词的前面。
26.alone/lonely alone “独自；单独”，侧重说明独自一人，没有助手或同伴，不含感情色彩。作形容此时只能做表语；也可作副词。He was alone in the house . He came alone . lonely “寂寞的；孤独的；荒凉的；偏僻的”作定语或表语。一般指人孤独寂寞或地方荒无人烟，有浓厚的感情色彩。She lives alone , but she doesn’t feel lonely .
27.”It is /has been +时间段+since从句。该结构表示“自从······以来已经多长时间了”相当于句型“时间段+has passed (by)+since从句”或“sb.+动词过去时+时间段+ago.”。
28.辨析so与such so常与形容词、副词、many. Much.little . few连用，或用于“so+形容词+a/an+ 名词”结构He spoke so slowly that we all felt funny .
such的常用结构为“such +（a/ an）+形容词+名词”He is such a slow man.
29.need 的用法Sb. need(s) to do sth. 某人需要做某事。Linda needs to do some washing. Sth. need(s)doing/to be done . 某物需要······了。My bike needs mending (to be mended). Need do sth. 必须做某事。Need we start this work now ?
含有情态动词Must 的一般疑问句的否定回答一般用needn’t （不必；没必要）---Must I clean the floor, Mon ?---No, you needn’t .
30.east的用法。其前通常加the，表示在某个方位时，常与介词in连用；表示“在······的东方”时常用介词in（在范围之内），）to（在范围之外）on（比邻）China is in the east of Asia . 作副词时，其前不用介词，但有时其后可接介词短语。The shop lies east of the town .
31.staff管理人员，职工。为集体名词，可做单数，也可作复数I have ten staff working for me .
The staff in the company are hard-working .
32.suggest的用法
suggest是行为动词，意为“建议；提议；暗示；表明”。其用法如下：
1.后接名词、代词或动名词。I suggested putting off the sports meet .
2.后跟宾语从句。“表明”The expression on his face suggested that he was very angry.
3.后跟that引导的宾语从句（should+动词原形，should可省略）。意为“建议”）
We suggested that he (should) say sorry to his teacher.
33. die, dead, dying 与death
die为不及物动词，表示短暂性动作，在句子不能与how long及for引起的一段时间连用。dead,是形容词，意为“死的”用作表语和定语。若表达“某人去世了多长时间”则用“have/has been dead+ for +时间段”
dying是die,的现在分词形式，也可用作形容词，表示“垂死的；濒临死亡的”，常用作定语。The doctor is saving a dying boy .
death是die的名词形式，意为“死亡”
34.warn的用法。其为及物动词，意为“警告；告诫”，常用的短语为：警告某人（不）做某事warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人注意（提醒）某事Warn sb. about sth . The teacher warned us not to go out at night .
35.think of想起；考虑What do you think of it ?
Think about考虑We should think about this event again.
Think over仔细考虑He asked me for a week to think it over
Think over沉思；绞尽脑汁I think hard to find a way .
36. play a trick on sb.捉弄某人；开某人玩笑。
37. aloud, loud 与loudly
Aloud adv.出生地；大声地。强调“出声”She began to read the text aloud .
Loud adv& adj. 高声地；大声地。指发出的声音强度大，传得远。多与speak, talk , shout , laugh 连用。
Loudly adv. 高声地；大声地。作副词时与Loud一样，用来说明声音的强度大，含有“喧闹”Suddenly, the bell on the wall rang loudly.
38.would rather “宁愿······”表示句子主语的愿望、选择、后接动词原形。He’d rather join you in the English Group.
Would rather do… than do…“宁愿做······也不愿做······”，would rather与than后所接的两个对比部分要一致。
39.make+宾语+宾补
Make sb. do sth. “使某人去做某事”Make 后接省to的动词不定式。He made us come to school early .
Make +sb. / sth. + 形容词“使某人（某物）保持······状态”What he said made me very happy .
40.neither…nor…表示“既不······也不······”表示对两者的否定，句子中不可以再有否定词no 或not，其对应短语为both…and…. 意为“两个都······”。neither…nor…连接两个并列的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上与较近的那个主语保持一致。Neither he nor I have seen the film .
41.to star with…一般用作插入语，“开始时；首先；最初”相当于to begin with…
To start with, things were not so smooth, but later the situation was getting better and better.
star with…“以······开始”也可以说begin with…如：
The illness usually starts with a slight cough .
42.let…down 相当于disappoint sb. 或make sb. disappointed。“使······失望”宾语无论是名词还是代词，都位于短语之间。What he said let us down .
43.be hard on sb.对某人苛刻；对某人要求严厉
44.rather than “而不是”，连接两个并列成分，可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词（短语）、动名词、分句、不定式、动词。后接不定式时，不定式可以带to也可以不带to .She enjoys singing rather than dancing .
45.What happened?“发生了什么事”，表示某人或某事发生了什么事，后接介词to。What happened to you last night ?
46.give sb. a lift“顺捎；捎（某人）一程give sb. a ride用法相同。
It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home .
47.be about to “be about to +do”表示即刻就要发生的事情，意味着时间短、马上的意思。如：I am about to do my homework .
48.show up “赶到；露面”Only two persons showed up here just now .
48. get a chance to do sth.. “得到一个做某事的机会”I got a chance to visit the Great Wall last week .
49.by the end of/at the end of
by the end of “到······为止”后可以跟过去时间与过去完成时连用，也可跟将来的
时间，而与将来时连用。By the end of last term we had learned five English songs.
at the end of “在······结束时；在······的尽头”，可用以指时间或处所，强调一段时间的结束点或某段路程的终止。Our school held a sports meeting at the end of last year.
At the end of this street you’ll find a bookshop .
50.fool n.&v. 用作名词意为“傻瓜；蠢人”Don’t you think he is a fool ?
用作动词，意为“愚弄”Never try to fool yourself !
51. embarrassed/embarrassing
Embarrassed 用作形容词，意为“尴尬的”主语一般指人。如：I was embarrassed when the boy asked me the question.
Embarrassing 用作形容词，意为“令人尴尬的”主语一般指物。I don’t like making speeches in public . It’s so embarrassing .
52.empty
用作动词，意为“倒空；排空”。He emptied the bottle just now .
用作形容词，意为“空的”其反义词为full,“满的”The box is empty .You can put some books in it .
53. sell out “卖完；卖光”。The shop sold out all the shirts .
54. take place “发生；进行”相当于不及物动词，用来指必然性的“发生”或有计划安排之内的“举行”Great changes have taken place in China in recent years .
55.not only… but also…“不但······而且······”可以连接两个并列的成分，如果连接两个主语时，谓语动词要与靠近的主语保持一致。Shakespeare was not only a writer, but (also) an actor . Not only you but also he is a good student.
56. so far“到目前为止，迄今”常与现在完成时连用。如：So far I have seen the movie several times .
57.take part in /join
take part in指参加会议、劳动或各种文娱活动，并在其中起一定的作用。
We’ll take part in social practice during the summer holidays.
Join 表示参加某团体、党派、组织等，并成为其中的一名成员。Are you going to join the school cycling club.
练习题
I选择题
1.---Which would you like , tea or coffee?
--- I _______tea .
A. think
B. prefer
C. make
D. choose
2.---Do you know the song “Gangnam Style”?
--- Yes , I really like it . I love music ______has great lyrics.
A. what
B. who
C. if
D. that
3. She prefers ______at home rather than _______out .
A. staying , going
B. to stay , go
C. to stay , to go
D. staying , go
4.This is the teacher who _____ to talk to you .
A. want
B. wants
C. wanting
D. to want
5. He talked about the people and things ______interested him greatly during his stay here .
A. which
B. that
C. who
D. they
6. We have a lot of books ,______are written in Japanese .
A. many of which
B. many in which
C. many among them
D. many of them
7.The old man _____wasn’t his father .
A. after whom he looked
B. who he looked after
C. after who he looked
D. whose he looked after
8.The bullet(子弹) _______the soldier in the shoulder in the war .
A. injured
B. hurt
C. destroyed
D. wounded
9. Peter had a pain_____ his stomach , and so he had two days off .
A. in
B. on
C. for
D. about
10. Please _______ Jack’s telephone number in the notebook . I want to make a phone call to him .
A. pick up
B. look up
C. clean up
D. give up
11. --- I will go to the countryside to see my grandmother this afternoon , so I can’t go swimming with you .
A. It’s my pleasure
B. You are welcome
C. That’s a pity
D. Sure, I am
12. Success will belong to those ______never say “impossible”.
A. whom
B. what
C. who
D. which
13. Being blind is something _____most people can’t imagine .
A. who
B. which
C. that
D. whom
14. They ate _____ice-cream , and soon they felt a little uncomfortable .
A. several
B. a number of
C. many
D. plenty of
15.—What are you looking for ?
----I’m looking for the watch _____I bought yesterday .
A. which
B. who
C. whose
D. whom
16. –I like the program Man and Nature .
---But I ______Sports News .
A. prefer
B. want
C. choose
D. miss
17.Have you read the book ______is about the moon ?
A. what
B. it
C. /
D. which
18. ---There are so many girls over there . Which one is your sister ?
---The one_____ hat is yellow .
A. who
B. whose
C. that
D. which
19. He is playing a piece of piano music _____ we all like listening to .
A. who
B. whose
C. that
D. whom.
20. Can you lead me the novel ______ the other day ?
A. that you talked
B. you talked about it
C. which you talked with
D. which you talked about
21. Robert is just one young overseas Chinese ______has come to visit his ancestor’s homeland .
A. who
B. where
C. when
D. which
22.I like music _____ I can dance to .
A. who
B. that
C. hoe
D. when
23.Tony prefers groups that _____ their own songs .
A. write
B. writes
C. writing
D. to write
24. My parents prefer to stay at home rather than _____ to parties .
A. go
B. going
C. goes
D. to go
25. The man______ we visited yesterday is a famous doctor..
A. which
B. what
C. who
D. when
26. –Which do you prefer, apples or bananas ?
---- _______. I like oranges .
A. All
B. Both
C. Either
D. Neither
27. Do you know the girl_____ sunglasses ?
A. that wear
B. who is wearing
C. who is putting on
D. that puts on
28. The text is very easy for you . There are ____new words in it .
A. a few
B. a little
C. few
D. little
29. We have two rooms ______, but I can’t decide_______.
A. to live ; to choose which one
B. lived; choose which one
C. to live in ; which one to choose
D. live ; which one
30 We should give love to the children_____ lost their parents in the earthquake.
A. who
B. whom
C. those
D. whose
31. I like movies that have _____monsters .
A. scare
B. scared
C. scares
D. scary
32. ---How is it going there ?
---It’s ______. The wind is strong and the snow is heavy .
A. good
B. bad
C. nice
D. well
33. She likes clothes ____are bright .
A. that
B. what
C. whose
D. who
34. The police caught the man ______ stole my handbag .
A. he
B. that
C. whom
D. which
35. I prefer_____ too much food that is fried .
A. to not eat
B. eating not
C. not to eat
D. not eating
36. The color of your trousers doesn’t _____ your jacket .
A. suit
B. fit
C. like
D. as
37. This is one of ______this year .
A. the most interesting film
B. the more interesting films
C. the most interesting films
D.
the much more interesting films.
38. Li Lei is the student _____ handwriting is the best in our class.
A. whose
B. whom
C. who
D. that
39. The type of music has become very famous in Britain and is very good music _____.
A .dance to B. dancing to C. to dance to D. to dance
40.Do you know the man _____spoke just now ?
A. which
B./
C. who
D. whom
41. I like music that I can sing _____.
A. along with
B. along to
C. along
D. to
42.Many young women like to live in houses _______ are big and bright .
A. that
B. who
C. how
D. why
43. The girl ______ won the first prize is called Alice .
A. when
B. whom
C. who
D. which
44. ---Can you introduce the town to me ?
--- OK . This is the town in ______Li Bai was born .
A. that
B. who
C. which
D. where
45. The young man ______ we met yesterday is our new biology teacher .
A. what
B. whose
C. whom
D. which
46. Miss White is the only person ______can help you with your English .
A. she
B. that
C. which
D. whom
47. There are many volunteers _____are helping the children in Yushu .
A. which
B. when
C. whose
D. who
48. A few women love the movie ______is a horror movie .
A. that
B. who
C. whose
D. what
49. The girl ______won the gold metal comes from Beijing Sunshine Secondary School .
A. who
B. which
C. what
D. whom
50. The TV play is about a true story ______happened in Mianyang in 1998.
A. it
B. what
C. that
D. when
51. I love singers that ______their own songs .
A. write
B. writes
C. is writing
D. written
52. ______ Mary’s parents didn’t allow her to go out , ______she did .
A. Although ; but
B. Although ; /
C. Because ; so
D. Because ; /
53. ---Joe, let’s go to the movies .
---No. I prefer_____ to the library because I can find books that I need .
A. to go
B. go
C. goes
D. to going
54.Jerry is a boy ____ likes pop music very much .
A. /
B. whom
C. that
D. which
55. As the leader of the company , Mike can’t except _____ a day without working .
A. spending
B. to spend
C. spend
D. to spending
56. Emma comes from Australia , but she does ____Chinese well .
A. speak
B. speaks
C. speaking
D. spoke
57. Don’t worry . Your mother is sure ____ better soon .
A. get
B. gets
C. getting
D. to get
58.This kind of apples tastes ______ and sells ______.
A. good ; good
B. well ; well
C. good ; well
D. well ; good
59. We’re ______ agreement that we’ll go to Wuhan next week .
A. for
B. to
C. of
D. in
60.Your parents have given me more help , _____ they are very busy .
A. When
B. if
C. though
D. unless
61. Danny is a boy ______likes pop music very much .
A. Whom
B. which
C. where
D. who
II.用词的适当形式填空。
1.I like watching the new Police Story that_______(film) last year .
2. The new _____(act) has no experience , and so he can hardly finish the excellent job .
3. The naughty boy plenty of _______(read ) , We were all happy for him .
4. We have got plenty of _________(suggestion) on how to reduce air pollution .
5.Do you know the woman who __________(talk) with your sister over there ?
6.Thank you very much for giving such ________(valuable) advice .
7. I’m sorry to keep you __________(wait) for a long time .
8. You should make plans _________(study) for the coming exam .
9. I’ll be happy if she ______(drop) by me .
China is a country with a long history , so there are many 11________ in it . Firstly , you are supposed 12________when you meet someone 13________ the first time , Secondly , when you 14_______ your and eat dinner with them .it’s rude to point at others with your chopsticks .Besides, if you are going to a party , you are supposed to arrive at the party 15______, or a few minutes late . You are not supposed to give a clock or a watch to your friends as a present , because it means “death”in Chinese . “When in Rome , do as the Romans do .”If you are going to China , please follow the rules .
16. The book is well worth _______(read) .
17. _______(make) plans before doing something is a good babit .
18. China is an _______(east) country with a long history .
19. The _________( north) customs are different from the southern ones in China .
21. Could you help me look for my ________? I’m afraid I’ve lost it .
22. She ________ to bring good fortune for us . We’ll welcome her to come over to our company warmly .
23. ---Who ______on the bowl ? Don’t make so much noise .
----Sorry , I won’t .
24. When we get to the airport , the plane __________.
27. I’m going to Japan for for my study as an ______student .
28. He used to stay up , but now he ______going to bed early .
29. All the students ______Marc have been here for 10 years .
30. You’ll ______ be used to the climate here .
31.It’s rude to enter others’ rooms without _____(knock) at the door .
32. The TV play is well worth ______(watching ) .
33.The thrilling movies made me very __________(comfortable) . I don’t want to see them any more .
34. Can you tell me some table _______(manner ) in France .
35. She prefers watching TV to _______(swim) in the river .
36. Liu Hua is a great ______(music ). Many people like him .
37. My mother likes the singer who _______(play) the piano well .
38..What about _______(listen) to pop music ?
39. Mary wants to be a ______(dance ) in the future .
40.I ________(like) Jim because he always tells lies.
41. The girl wants to be a _______（music when She grows up.
42. Yesterday I met a friend _______(call) Jack .
43. She _______(prefer) swimming to skating when she was young .
44.The words on the blackboard are two small , I can’t see them _____(clear) .
45. Different _______9kind) of fruits are good for our health .
46.My teacher likes the singer who ______(play) the piano well .
47.How about ______ (circle) the sentences ?
48. Have you heard the song ______(call) My heart will go on ?
49. I got ______（marry）five years ago .
50. Er Quan Ying Yue was one of the most ______(move) pieces of music that I’ve ever heard .
51. I received your letter which was _______(write) on August 15th this morning .
52. The music was ______9srange) beautiful .
53. They got together ______(discuss) this question .
54. I’d like _______(stay) away from sugar .
55. Some parents are in _______(agree) that surfing the Internet for information is helpful to their kids’ studies .
56. People who exercise often could be _____(healthy) than those who prefer to watch TV in their free time .
57. Peter says ______(taste )food is bad for you .
III.句型转换
1.Nancy likes swimming better than running .(改为同义句)
Nancy _______swimming _________ running .
2.I like music that I can sing to . (改为同义句)
I like music that I can sing______ ________.
3.He likes singers . They write their own songs .(合并为一句)
He likes singers ________ _______their own songs.
Tom likes energetic music
初二英语语法总结
初二英语语法总结 1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？ 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如： Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？ 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用 should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如：How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点： 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如： You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与 Which...? 1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如：What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？ 该句相当于： What does your father do?
完整版初中英语语法大全知识点总结
英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. ：who, she, you, it . 主要用来代替名词。如)： 2、代词(pron.3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接 宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
六年级英语语法知识点汇总
六年级语法总复习 一、词汇 （一）一般过去时态 一般过去时态表示在过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。例如yesterday, last weekend ,last Saturday ,等连用。基本句型：主语+动词的过去式+其他。例句——What did you do last weekend?你上周做什么了？ ——I played football last weekend.我踢足球了。 ★规则动词过去式的构成 ⒈一般在动词原形末尾加-ed。例如：play—played ⒉词尾是e的动词直接加-d。例如：dance—danced ⒊末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。例如stop（停止）--stopped ⒋结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，变“y”为“i”，再加-ed，例如：study--studied ★一些不规则变化的动词过去式 am/is—was are—were go—went swim—swam fly—flew do—did have—had say—said see—saw take—took come—came become—became get—got draw—drew hurt—hurt read—read tell—told will—would eat—ate take—took make—made drink—drank sleep(睡觉)—slept cut（切）--cut sit(坐)—sat begin(开始)—began think—thought find—found run(跑)---ran buy—bought win—won give(给)—gave sing—sang leave—left hear（听）--heart wear—wore （二）一般现在时态 一般现在时态表示包括现在时间在内的一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态，表示习惯性或客观存在的事实和真理。常与often ,always ,usually ,sometimes ,every day等连用。基本句型分为两种情况： ●主语（非第三人称）+动词原形+其他。例句：——What do you usually do on the weekend?——I usually do my homework on the weekend. ●主语（第三人称）+动词的第三人称单数形式+其他。例句： ——What does Sarah usually do on the weekend?萨拉通常在周末干什么？ ——She usually does her homework on the weekend.她通常在周末做她的家庭作业。 ★动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则 ⒈一般直接在动词词尾加-s.例如：play—plays ⒉以s ,x ,ch,sh结尾的动词加-es。例如：watch—watches ⒊以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加es,例如：fly—flies ⒋个别不规则变化动词，需单独记忆，例如：do—does go—goes （三）现在进行时态 现在进行时态表示说话人现在正在进行的动作。基本句型：主语+be+动词的-ing+其他。 例如:——What are you doing ?你在干什么？ ——I am doing my homework..我正在做作业。 ★动词现在分词的变化规则 ⒈一般直接在词尾加ing ，例如;wash—washing ⒉以不发音e字母结尾的动词，去掉e ,再加ing.例如：make—making ⒊末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，要双写最后一个辅音字母再加ing.例如swim—swimming （四）一般将来时态 一般将来时态表示将来某一时间或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示将来的时间如tomorrow ,next weeken ,this afternoon 等连用。我们通常用will,be going to+动词原形来表示一般将来时态。
初三英语语法知识点归纳
初中英语语法速记口诀大全 很多同学认为语法枯燥难学，其实只要用心并采用适当的学习方法，我们就可以愉快地学会英语，掌握语法规则。笔者根据有关书目和多年教学经验，搜集、组编了以下语法口诀，希望对即将参加中考的同学们有所帮助。 一、冠词基本用法 【速记口诀】 名词是秃子，常要戴帽子， 可数名词单，须用a或an， 辅音前用a，an在元音前， 若为特指时，则须用定冠， 复数不可数，泛指the不见， 碰到代词时，冠词均不现。 【妙语诠释】冠词是中考必考的语法知识之一，也是中考考查的主要对象。以上口诀包括的意思有：①名词在一般情况下不单用，常常要和冠词连用；②表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an，确指时要用定冠词the；③如复数名词表示泛指，名词前有this，these，my，some等时就不用冠词。 二、名词单数变复数规则 【速记口诀】 单数变复数，规则要记住， 一般加s，特殊有几处： 末尾字母o，大多加s， 两人有两菜，es不离口， 词尾f、fe，s前有v和e； 没有规则词，必须单独记。 【妙语诠释】①大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s，但如果单词以/t?蘩/、/?蘩/、/s/发音结尾(也就是单词如果以ch，sh，s，x等结尾)，则一般加es；②以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro，hero)两菜(tomato，potato) 加es外，其余一般加s；③以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f，fe变为ve再加s；④英语中还有些单词没有规则，需要特殊记忆，如child—children，mouse—mice，deer—deer，sheep—sheep，Chinese—Chinese，ox—oxen，man—men，woman—women，foot—feet，tooth —teeth。 三、名词所有格用法 【速记口诀】 名词所有格，表物是“谁的”， 若为生命词，加“’s”即可行， 词尾有s，仅把逗号择； 并列名词后，各自和共有， 前者分别加，后者最后加； 若为无生命词，of所有格， 前后须倒置，此是硬规则。 【妙语诠释】①有生命的名词所有格一般加s，但如果名词以s结尾，则只加“’”；②并列名词所有格表示各自所有时，分别加“’s”，如果是共有，则只在最后名词加“’s”；③
初中英语语法知识点总结
英语语法大全 初中英语语法学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .
10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)
八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结
八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结 He said I was hard-working. 重点语法：宾语从句 结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语) 例句：----Im good at English. He says. (改为加宾语从句的复合句) ----He says Im good at English. 注意：①主句是一般现在时态，宾语从句的时态不受其影响。 例句：He says Im good at English now. He says I was good at mathematics when I was young. ②主句是过去时态，宾语从句也要用过去时态。 例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday. He said I was good at English now yesterday. ③宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。 例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day. Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday. ④动词原形不能作主语，必须用其 -ing 形式。 例句：She said helping others changed her life. 重点短语：direct speech 直接引语
reported speech = indirect speech 间接引语 first of all = at first 首先 pass on 传递 be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事 be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好 in good health 身体健康 get over 克服 open up 打开 care for = take care of = look after 照料;照顾 not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再 have a cold 感冒 end-of-year exam 年终考试 get nervous 变得紧张 forget to do sth. 忘记做某事(该事未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做某事(该事已做) its + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事[对某人来说](加形容词) context 上下文 Reading Strategy(阅读方法) First read for meaning， not for detail. (首先理解文段的大致意思，不在于文段的细节部分。) You can understand the meaning of a word you dont know from
初中英语语法大全归纳总结
初中英语语法大全 1、名词 （一）概述 名词是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念名称的词，可以说名词是万物之名称。它们可以是： 人的名字 Li Ming, Tom 地方名称 China, London 职业称呼 teacher, doctor 物品名称 pencil, dictionary 行为名称 study, invention 抽象概念history, grammar （二）普通名词和专有名词 1．普通名词 凡不属于特定的人名、地名、事物名称或概念名称的名词，都属于普通名词。这类名词在所有的名词中占绝大多数。普通名词大致有以下四种类型： 1）个体名词 个体名词指作为个体而存在的人或物。可以指具体的人或物，例如： He has two aunts. 他有两个姑姑。 Most classrooms have computers. 多数教室里都有电脑。 也可指抽象东西，例如： We’ve lived here for twenty years. 我们在这里住了二十年了。 I had a dream last night 我昨晚做了一个梦。 个体名词有复数形式，如：weeks, problems;单数形式可以和a/an连用，如：a week, a problem, an old man. 2）集体名词 集体名词表示由个体组成的集体，下面是一些常见的集体名词：
government（政府） group（小组，团体） public（公众） team（队；组） police（警方） 集体名词有时作单数看待，有时作复数看待。一般说来，视为整体时作单数看待，想到它的成员时作复数看待 有的集体名词通常用作单数，例如： Our company is sending him to work in Berlin. 我们公司将派他去柏林工作。 有的集体名词多作复数看待。例如： The police are looking for him. 警察正在找他。 3）物质名词 物质名词指无法分为个体的东西，我们学过的常见的物质名词有： beer, cloth, coal, coffee, coke, cotton, ice, ink, jam, juice, meat, medicine, metal, milk, oil paper, rain, salad, salt, sand, snow, soup, steel, sugar, tea, water, wine, wood, wool等。 一般说来，物质名词是不可数折，因而没有复数形式。但有一些特殊情况：
初一英语语法大全知识点
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----He says Im good at English. 注意：①主句是一般现在时态，宾语从句的时态不受其影响。例句：He says Im good at English now. He says I was good at mathematics when I was young. ②主句是过去时态，宾语从句也要用过去时态。例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday. He said I was good at English now yesterday. ③宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day. Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday. ④动词原形不能作主语，必须用其 -ing 形式。例句：She said helping others changed her life. 重点短语：direct speech 直接引语 reported speech = indirect speech 间接引语 first of all = at first 首先 pass on 传递 be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事 be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好 in good health 身体健康 get over 克服 open up 打开 care for = take care of = look after 照料;照顾 not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再 have a cold 感冒 end-of-year exam 年终考试 get nervous 变得紧张 forget to do sth. 忘记做某事(该事未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做某事(该事已做) its + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事[对某人来说](加形容词) context 上下文 Reading Strategy(阅读方法) First read for meaning， not for detail. (首先理解文段的大致意思，不在于文段的细节部分。) You can understand the meaning of a word you dont know from the context. (至于不懂的单词，
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1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？ 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如：Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？ 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用
should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如： How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点： 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如： You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。
3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与Which...? 1. what 与which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如： What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？ 该句相当于： What does your father do? What is your father's job? Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如：
小学英语语法总复习知识点归纳
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不规则动词的变化： 原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式 sweep swept teach taught have had go went keep kept think thought do did find found sleep slept buy bought eat ate say said feel felt drink drank is/am was take took read read give gave are were mean meant put put sing sang drive drove meet met cut cut begin began speak spoke make made let let ring rang write wrote see saw fly flew run ran ride rode come came draw drew sit sat hear heard tell told grow grew learn learned/ learnt get got know knew 4．一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。常常与tomorrow, next Sunday等时间状语连用。 结构：be going to +动词原形或will +动词原形 例如：I’m going to visit my grandpa next week. 三、可数名词的复数形式 1.一般名词：+ s a book –books 2.辅音字母加y结尾：- y+ ies a story—stories 3.以s, x，sh, ch ，结尾：+ es a glass—glasses；a watch-watches 4.以f或fe结尾：- f 或fe 变为ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves 5.特殊的名词复数 man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 四、不可数名词(没有复数形式) bread, rice, water, juice，milk，tea，coffee 五、缩略形式 I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is /he has(got) it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not didn’t=did not weren’t=were not wasn’t=was not let’s=let us I’ll=I will 六、a. an .the的用法 1.单词的第一读音是辅音读音：a book, a peach，a “U” 单词的第一个读音是元音读音：an egg，an hour，an “F” 2.the要注意的：球类前面不加the，乐器前面要加the，序数词前面要加the。 七、介词 1．表示方位：on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.，under 2．表示时间： （1）at : 几点前面用at如：at si x o’clock, 没有day的节日前用at如：at Christmas, 固定词组at the weekends ，at night
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小学英语语法知识点汇总
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【英语】英语语法副词归纳总结
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