英国文学作品选读论文
Appreciation of the poem A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning
08英语师范（1）周帆32
John Donne (1572–1631), born in a Roman Catholic family, received his education at Oxford and Cambridge and later studied law at Lincoln’s Inn. He was a Jacobean poet and preacher, representative of the metaphysical poets of the period. His works, notable for their realistic and sensual style, include sonnets, love poetry, religious poems, Latin translations, epigrams, elegies, songs, satires and sermons. His poetry is noted for its vibrancy of language and inventiveness of metaphor, compared with that of his contemporaries. He is famous for his Holy Sonnets.
The following is one of his love poems:
A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning
As virtuous men pass mildly away,
And whisper to their souls to go,
Whilst some of their sad friends do say,
The breath goes now, and some say, No:
So let us melt, and make no noise,
No tear-floods, nor sigh-tempests move,
T’were profanation of our joys
To tell the laiety our love.
Moving of th’earth brings harms and fears, Men reckon what it did and meant;
But trepidation of the spheres,
Though greater far, is innocent.
Dull sublunary lovers’ love
(Whose soul is sense) cannot admit
Absence, because it doth remove
Those things which elemented it.
But we by a love so much refined
That our selves know not what it is,
Inter-assured of the mind,
Care less, eyes, lips, and hands to miss.
Our two souls therefore, which are one, Though I must go, endure not yet
A breach, but an expansion,
Like gold to airy thinness beat.
If they be two, they are two so
As stiff twin compasses are two;
Thy soul, the fixed foot, makes no show
To move, but doth, if th’other do.
And though it in the center sit,
Yet when the other far doth roam,
It leans and hearkens after it,
And grows erect, as that comes home.
Such wilt thou be to me, who must
Lik e th’other foot, obliquely run
Thy firmness makes my circle just,
And makes me end where I begun.
This poem was published after his death in 1633. It has nine quatrains. One quatrain is a stanza that consists of four lines. It is written in iambic pentameter, and is one of the most beautiful love poems. The title A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning reflects the content of the piece: a farewell. At that time, his wife was pregnant, so Donne wrote this love poem to his wife as a comfort before he left for France with his boss. This article firstly analyses conceits in the poem and how conceits help poet
develop the poem. Then, it tells the development of the poem. L astly, it’s the t opic of the poem and the conclusion.
The poem begins with the image of men passing away. The separation of his body and soul is so gentle that friends around him cannot tell if they are alive or dead. The poem says the lovers should depart without noise for fear of disclosing the quality of the love. This is the first reason to forbid mourning. The second one is offered in a comparative and contrasting metaphor. When an earthquake is coming, small cracks form in the ground; people regard it as ominous, but when planets move apart, though the distance is great, people think it is harmless. John Donne uses earthquakes as a metaphor for the separation of lovers. Similar to earthquakes, lovers fear separation because of their composition of sensory and sensual perceptions. However, lovers who are spiritually and physically in love are less troubled by separation. Like the separation of planets, their souls remain one until their bodies are reunited. Another metaphor is given to strengthen that idea: The separation of lovers is similar to gold stretching thin, but not breaking. The last reason is performed by using a compass as a metaphor to describe the association between lovers. Although lovers keep their souls, they are divided into two parts, similar to that of a compass. The compass is linked at the top, and works in unison. When the compass draws a circle, one point remains stationary in the centre, the other will complete its circuit. The same as the compass, if one of the lovers remains home, it ensures the return of the other. Since the lover will return home, mourning is no need and inappropriate.
The circle is a traditional symbol of love. Since it has neither beginning nor end, Donne should reunite with his wife at the end of his travel. A compass has one fixed leg and the other one moves. The soul of Donne’s wife is compared to the fixed foot of
the compass and Donne’s soul is compared to the foot that moves. But like the fixed leg leans towards the leg which moves around the centre, her soul, thought and emotions lean towards his soul wherever it is. His soul will wander as he travels but will move toward her and eventually return to its usual position as he returns home. So no matter how far he leaves away from her, the path of his travel will always lead back to her where he began. Just like a compass is fixed by the centre foot, the other foot completes the three hundred and sixty degree circle by returning to the point where it began”. “Thy firmness makes my circle just and makes me end, where I bega n”
The poem explains that he has to spend time apart from his wife, but before he leaves, he tells her that their farewell should not become the reason for mourning and sorrow. In the same way, the elegant men die mildly and without complaint, so they sho uld leave without “tear-floods” and “sigh-tempests”. Publicly announcing their feelings in such a way would only profane their love. The poem says that when the earth moves, it brings “harms and fears”; when the spheres experience “trepidation”, though the impact is greater, it is also innocent. The love of “dull sublunary lovers” cannot survive separation, but it removes that which constitutes the love itself; the love he shares with his beloved is so delicate and they need not worry about missing “eyes, lips, and hands”. Though he must leave for a long time, their souls are still one. Therefore, they are not lasting a breach but to experience an expansion; similarly gold can be stretched by beating it “to airy thinness”, the soul they share will completely stretch to take in all the space between them. If their souls are separate, they are like the feet of a compass: His lover’s soul is the fixed foot in the center, and his is the foot that moves around it. The firmness of the center foot makes the circle that the outer
foot draws perfect: “Thy firmness makes my circle just, and makes me end, where I begun.”
Actually, complete love unites not only the bodies of a couple but also their souls. Such spiritual love is phenomenal, metaphysical, keeping the lovers together spiritually regardless of distance between them.
John Donne uses his metaphysical wit to develop a series of arguments to console his wife on the eve of his departure. He tries to convince his wife that spiritual love cannot be affected by physical distance. Then he shows her that since their souls are one, distance will only increase their love and make it more beautiful just like gold hammered and spread out into a thin sheet. Finally, if the first two arguments are not enough to comfort his wife, Donne argues that he and his wife like the legs of a compass. In each case, the metaphor Donne uses makes the readers to see the logic behind comparisons that may seem far-fetched at first. It is really a beautiful love poem which takes a positive attitude towards love.
自考英美文学选读要点总结整理出考点26位作家完整教学内容
英美文学选读要点总结精心整理(只考26位作家) [英国』Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴 1. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。 2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心，人是万物之灵。 3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。 4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托马斯.摩尔，克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。 5. Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行诗引进英国。 6. The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimilation.英国文艺复兴初期只是一个学习模仿与同化的阶段。 7. The goals of humanistic poetry are: skillful handling of conventions, force of language, and, above all, the development of a rhetorical plan in which meter, rhyme, scheme, imagery and argument should all be combined to frame the emotional theme and throw it into high relief.人文主义诗歌的主要目标是对传统习俗的熟练运用，语言的力度与气概，而最重要的是发展了修辞模式，即将格律，韵脚（式），组织结构，意象（比喻，描述）与议论都结合起来勾画出情感主题，并将其极为鲜明生动的表现出来。 8. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and Ben Jonson.文艺复兴时期英国最著名的戏剧家有克利斯朵夫.马洛，威廉.莎士比亚与本.约翰逊。 9. Francis Bacon (1561-1626), the first important English essayist.费兰西斯.培根是英国历史上最重要的散文家。(III)William Shakespeare威廉.莎士比亚 17. The first period of his dramatic career, he wrote five history plays: Henry VI, Parts I, II, and III, Richard III, and Titus Andronicus; and four comedies: The Comedy of Errors, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Taming of the Shrew, and Love’s Labour’s Lost.在他戏剧创作生涯的第一个阶段，他创作了五部历史剧：《亨利六世》，《理查三世》，《泰托斯.安东尼》以及四部喜剧：《错误的戏剧》，《维洛那二绅士》，《驯悍记》和《爱的徒劳》。 18. In the second period, he wrote five histories: Richard II, King John, Henry IV, Parts I and II, and Henry V; six comedies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, Twelfth Night, and The Merry Wives of Windsor; and two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet and Julius Caesar.在第二阶段，他写了五部历史剧：《理查三世》，《约翰王》，《亨利四世》，《亨利五世》以及六部喜剧《仲夏夜之梦》，《威尼斯商人》，《无事生非》，《皆大欢喜》，《第十二夜》，《温莎的风流娘儿们》，还有两部悲剧：《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《裘利斯.凯撒》。 19. Shakespeare’s third period includes his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies. The tragedies of this period are Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra, Troilus and Cressida, and Coriolanus. The two comedies are All’s Well That Ends and Measure for Measure.第三阶段诞生了莎翁最伟大的悲剧和他自称的黑色喜剧（或悲喜剧），悲剧有：《哈姆雷特》，《奥赛罗》，《李尔王》《麦克白》《安东尼与克利奥佩特拉》《特罗伊勒斯与克利西达》及《克里奥拉那斯》。两部喜剧是《终成眷属》和《一报还一报》。 20. The last period of Shakespeare’s work includes his principle romantic tragicomedies: Pericles, Cymbeline, The Winter’s Tale and The Tempest; and his two plays: Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen.最后一个时期的作品主要有浪漫悲喜剧：《伯里克利》《辛白林》《冬天的故事》与《暴风雨》。他最后两部剧是《亨利八世》与《鲁克里斯受辱记》。21. Shakespeare’s sonnets are the only direct expression of the poet’s own feelings.这些十四行诗都是莎翁直抒胸臆的成果。 22. Shakespeare’s history plays are mainly written under the principle that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity.莎翁的历史剧都有这样一个主题：在一个强大英明的君主统领下的国家，统一是非常必要的。 23. In his romantic comedies, Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth, and the romantic elements are
英国文学作品选读复习提纲
English Renaissance (1500-1625) 14.15世纪 Humanism人文主义: Emphases the worth of life in this world, and the dignity of human being Three periods: 1.Imitation and assimilation同化------14世纪末到16世纪上半叶 2.Elizabethan Age-flowering time -----16世纪下半叶----Shakespeare 3.Epilogue收尾of the English Renaissance------------17世纪初 Effect：not confined to literature, music and the fine arts, but affected the whole development of civilization, a broad line dividing Middle Age and Modern Age. William Shakespeare 代表作：Hamlet,哈姆雷特Othello, King Lear,李尔王, Romeo and Juliet The Merchant of V enice:Bassanio巴萨尼奥Antonio安东尼奥,Shylock夏洛克,Bassanio’s girlfriend, Portia Theme: praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a woman of great wisdom, and to disclose the cruelty of shylock. The play is a triumph of friendship and love over greed and avarice, good over evil, humanity over inhumanity. The 17th Century Metaphysical School 玄学派 特点：complex, highly intellectual verse诗filled with intricate错综的and far-fetched牵强附会metaphor. Many are about love and death and religion. 1.John Donne 代表作：An Anatomy解剖in the medieval中世纪, Of the Progress of the soul, A Valediction告别演说: Forbidding Mourning 2.John Milton Paradise Lost---epic Satan: intelligent and eloquent雄辩的, pride, courageous and cannot be defeated, question the authority of God, stand for freedom and liberty. God: cruel, unjust, and selfish Adam and Eve: power of man—humanism Miltonic style：Long and involved sentence, a varity of pause, oratorical and logical, use inversion倒装and allusion典故. The 18th century 1.Daniel Defoe 代表作：The life and strange surprising adventure of Robinson Crusoe Theme: struggling against nature and human fate with an indomitable不屈的will and highly praise his creative labor, mental and physical, an allusion to the glorification赞颂of the bourgeois资产阶级creativity when it was a rising and more energetic class in the initial stage原始期of its historical development.
英美诗歌翻译整理
《英美诗歌》小明讲过的诗歌 1.据说莎翁的作品、《西风颂》、艾伦?金斯堡的《嚎叫》以及艾略特的《荒原》是不考的。 2.这里所提供的翻译也是仅供参考，因为版本实在是很多，不过下面列出大多都是小明在课上提 过的翻译版本。 3.这份翻译是不才花了几天时间整理的，有可能睡眼惺忪之下漏了哪一首。缺漏之处，还望提醒 哈！O(∩_∩)O~ By:张小婕 1. P1 马洛《热情的牧羊人致他的恋人》 The Passionate Shepherd to His Love by Christopher Marlowe Come live with me & be my love,请来与我同住，做我的情人， And we will all the pleasure prove我们要享受所有的欢乐 That valleys, groves, hills, and fields,而那些幽谷，果园，小山，原野， Woods, or steepy mountain yields.森林，或是嶙峋的山峰，都将为我们歌唱。 And we will sit upon the rocks,我们要坐在高高的岩石上， Seeing the shepherds feed their flocks,看那牧羊人悠闲的放牧着羊群， By shallow rivers to whole falls伴随着河水流动的潺潺乐声， Melodious birds sing madrigals.欢乐的小鸟也会为我们唱出美妙动人的歌儿。 And I will make thee beds of roses我要为你献上玫瑰的花床 And a thousand fragrant posies,和千百束芬香的花束， A cap of flowers, and a kirtle以及高贵的花冠， Embroidered all with leaves of myrtle;和绣满姚金娘叶子的长裙； A gown made of the finest wool我要用小羊羔身上最好的羊毛 Which from our pretty lambs we pull;为你织就美丽的长袍； Fair lined slippers for the cold,我要为你制作有着漂亮衬里 With buckles of the purest gold;以及纯金钮扣的拖鞋； A belt of straw & ivy buds,我愿用那饰以珊瑚搭扣、琥珀饰钉的 With coral clasps and amber studs:常春藤腰带来装点你的美丽： And if these pleasures my thee move,如果这样的快乐能够打动你的心， Come live with me, and be my love.就请你来与我同住，做我的情人。 The shepherds’ swains shall dance & sing在五月的每个早晨，前来求亲的 For thy delights each May morning;牧羊人们都会为你载歌载舞； If these delights thy mind may move,如果这样的欢乐能够使你动心， Then live with me & be my love.那么请你与我同住，做我的情人。 本诗介绍 ―The Passionate Shepherd to His Love‖这首短诗是英国文学诗中最优美的抒情诗。它继承了田园抒情诗的风格。诗中的牧羊人享受着乡村生活，酝酿着对爱人的纯洁感情。通过描写恋人们在无世事尘嚣干扰的山野怀抱中生活，作者传达了一种不可言传的真情。 作者简介
英国文学史期中论文
An Analysis of the Design of the First Assembly in Pride and Prejudice [Abstract] In Pride and Prejudice, the first assembly is the stage of the debut of hero, Darcy and the heroine, Elizabeth. Therefore, the design of this assembly, including which part of the assembly should be narrated directly in the description of the assembly, how to do with other things happened during the party, how to shape the characteristics and personality of the two main characters as well as other important role on the assembly, is essentially significant to the character portrait for the whole novel. Mainly employing description of language and technique of comparative description, the plot about this assembly is well-designed as three parts, before, during and after the assembly, which is efficient to the character figuring of the novel. [Keywords] character figuring, design, description of language, comparative description The novel introduces the first assembly in Chapter 3, using only half of a chapter to directly describe things happened on the party while two other whole chapter to show people’s discussion on it. By the delicate design, vivid language description and useful comparative description, the description of this party is highly efficient to the chapter portrait of this novel. Before the party, Mrs. Bennet’s worry about Mr. Bingley’s going into the town is showed, which totally reveals the purpose of Mrs. Bennet’s participating in the dinner, again echoing the description of Mrs. Bennet’s saying "If I can but see one of my daughters happily settled at Netherfield, and all the others equally well married, I shall have nothing to wish for." (Austen, 2001: 2) at former plot. In the case, the assembly is platform to looking for sweetheart, love and even possible marriage (Yang, 91). At the end of this paragraph, Mr. Bingley’s invitating his sisters and Darcy leads to the appearance of these important characters. For the description of things happened during the party, instead of using scene description to the setting of the ball or psychological description to the participators, language description organized by comparative technique is mainly employed to mould different personality of different participant. First of all, It can be directly seen that the description of Mr. Hurst’s and Mr. Darcy’s first appearance is put in the same paragraph and connected by the conjunction “but”,
英国诗歌欣赏期末考试题(附答案)
I.Multiple Choice 1.To commerate the death of his young wife, __________wrote the poem Annabel Lee. a. D.H. Lawrence b. John Milton c. Philip Phreneau d. Edgar Allan Poe 2. In Leisure, ____________ thinks that it is a poor life if “we have no time to stand and stare” a. John Keats b. William Henry Davies c. Alexander Pope d. John Donne 3.. In Amy Lowell’s Falling Snow, the poet says that “When the temple bell rings again/ they will be covered and gone”. “They” here refers to ______ a. the wooden clogs b. footprints c. the pilgrims d. none of the above 4. The “busy archer”in Philip Sydney’s To the Moon refers to____ a. the poet himself b. Cupid c. a comrade-in-arms of the poet d. none of the above 5. “Act____act in the glorious present”is perphaps the most soul-stirring line in _________’s poem A Psalm of Life. a. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow b. Percy Bissy Shelly c. Walt Whitman d. Carl Sandburg 6. In Song of the Rain, _________ paints a rosy picture of happy family life where the poet is “Safe in the House with my boyhood love/ And our children are asleep in the attic above”. a. Kenneth Mackenzie b. Carl Sandburg c. Hugh MacCrae d. Jerard Manley Hopkins 7. “Day brought back my night”is a well-praised phrase from __________’s On His Deceased Wife. a. Edgar Allan Poe b. Robert Frost c. John Milton d. Philip Sydney 8. In James Shirley’s poem Death the Leveller, the word “leveller” means a. something that reduces everything to nothing b. something that brings equality to all c. something that levels the ground d. none of the abov e. 9. What does “Fire” in Robert Frost’s poem Fire and Ice symbolize? a. war b. anger c. love d. desire 10. In John Keat’s poem The Terror of Death, the phrase “unreflecting love” means a. love without calculation b. love without preparation c. love never thought of d. love involving many considerations II.Blank Filling 1.One word is too often ________, For me to ________ it One feeling is too ______distained, For ______ to distain it .
英国文学选读
《英国文学选读》中作者作品简单总结 作者作品 1.Geoffrey Chaucer -------------The Canterbury Tales 2.William Shakespeare----------Hamlet Romeo and Juliet Sonnet 18 3.Francis Bacon-------------------Of Marriage and Single Life Of Studies 4.John Donne---------------------The Flea Holy Sonnet 10 5.John Milton----------------------Paradise Lost 6.Daniel Defoe--------------------The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe 7.Jonathan Swift------------------Gulliver’s Travels 8.William Blake--------------------The Lamb The Tyger The Sick Rose 9.Robert Burns---------------------A Red, Red Rose Auld Lang Syne 10.William Wordsworth---------I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud 11.Samuel Taylor Coleridge-----Kubla Khan 12.Jane Austen--------------------Pride and Prejudice
英国文学译文
第一部分：早期和中世纪英国文学 第一章：英国的组成 1、大不列颠人（英国人） 在开始学习英国文学史之前，了解一下英国这个民族是很必要的。英国这个民族是一个混血族。早期居住在这个岛上的居民是凯尔特人的一个部落，我们现在称它为大不列颠人。大不列颠人把这个岛屿命名为大不列颠岛，凯尔特人是其原始居民。他们分为几十个小部落，每个部落都以小屋群居为主。“最古老的凯尔特人法律今天归结起来显示出氏族任然充满着生命力”。英国人曾生活在部落社会。 2、罗马人的占领 在公元前55年，大不列颠岛被罗马征服者凯撒入侵，而这时的凯撒刚刚占领了高卢。但是罗马人刚登上大不列颠岛海岸时，就遭到了在首领领导下的大不列颠人的狮子般疯狂的反击，随着罗马将领来来往往的这个世纪，直到公元78年英国从被于罗马帝国完全征服过。伴随着罗马人的侵略占领，罗马式的生活方式也开始融入英国。罗马式剧院和澡堂很快的在城镇中兴起。而这些高雅的文明只不过是罗马侵略者的娱乐享受方式罢了，大不列颠人民却像奴隶一样被压迫着。罗马人的占领持续了将近400年，在这期间，罗马人因其军事目的在岛上修建了后来被称之为罗马路的纵横交错的公路，这些公路在后期发展中起到了很大的作用。沿着这些公路开始建立起大量的城镇，伦敦就是其中之一，开始成为重要的贸易中心城市。罗马的占领也带来了基督教文化。但是在15世纪初期，罗马帝国处于逐渐的衰落阶段。公元410年，所有罗马军队撤回欧洲大陆再也没有返回。因此，也标志这罗马人占领的结束。 3、英国人的占领 同时，大不列颠也被成群的海盗给侵略着。他们是来自北欧的三个部落：盎格鲁人，撒克逊人和朱特人民族。这三个部落在大不列颠海岸登路，把大不列颠人民赶到西部和北部，然后自己定居下来。朱特人占领了岛屿东南部的肯特。撒克逊人占领了岛屿南部地区，并建立起像韦塞克斯，埃塞克斯和东萨塞克斯这样的小王国。盎格鲁人席卷了东部中部地区，并在东英吉利亚建立王国。七个像这样的王国在大不列颠岛上逐渐出现。到公元7世纪，这些小王国开始合并成为今天称为英格兰的统一王国，或被称作盎格鲁人之国。这三个部落的人混合在一起，被称为今天的英国人，而盎格鲁人占绝大多数。他们说的三种方言自然而然的发展成为一种语言——盎格鲁撒克逊，或者古英语，和今天我们所说的英语有着很大的区别。 4、盎格鲁撒克逊人的社会状况 在盎格鲁撒克逊人定居在大不列颠之前，他们仍过着部落式生活。家庭成员以亲属关系联合在一起，分别定居在不同的村落。主要的战争乐团由年轻人组成，勇士们食用族长的食物与其分享战利品。虽然说族长有权决定他子民的生死，但是将在外难免军令有所不受。他熟悉他的每一个士兵，和他们一起吃喝玩乐。这就是当时盎格鲁人称作为“氏族军事民主”。 在占领大不列颠后，盎格鲁撒克逊的社会形态发生了巨大的变化。“我们知道，统治管理未屈服的人民是与非犹太人的法令相违背的……因此，非犹太人社会体系需要改革成为国家机关……首先，征服者代表必须是军事指挥官，被占领地区的内外安全需要加强指挥官的权利。这样，军事领导权转变成君权的时刻到来。一切以成定局。因此，盎格鲁撒克逊时期见证了英国由部落社会向封建社会转变的过程。 5、盎格鲁撒克逊人的宗教信仰以及其影响 盎格鲁撒克逊人是异教徒。他们信奉北欧的古老神话传说。那就是为什么北欧神话学说在英语这门语言中留下痕迹的原因。例如，一周中的天数就是由北神命名的。奥丁，我们所说的神，星期三以他的名字命名，星期四以托尔的名字命名，美丽女神弗丽嘉，祈祷者以她的名字命名星期五。星期二则是为了纪念另一个北欧之神--蒂乌。
XX英语文学论文开题报告范文
XX英语文学论文开题报告范文题目 an analysis of the character portia in the merchant of venice 一、本课题的研究目的及意义 (一)研究目的 莎士比亚作为英国文艺复兴时期最杰出的艺术大师，被马克思称之为“最伟大的戏剧天才”。透过似真似幻的舞台和匠心独具的故事，莎翁塑造了一系列不朽的人物典型。尤其是塑造了众多而鲜明的人物形象。在莎士比亚的剧作中出场的女性人物有一百多人，在众多的女性人物中上至贵族，下至平民百姓，几乎是各不相同。而《威尼斯商人》中的鲍西亚更是被公认为莎士比亚笔下别具风采的女性形象。众多评论家认为莎士比亚戏剧中刻画的女性形象大都非常贴近生活，具有巨大的认识价值。。在这一讽刺喜剧《威尼斯商人》中鲍西亚美丽、善良、机智、自信、富有才华和胆识，正体现了莎士比亚从男性的视觉自发塑造的理想中的新女性。作为新女性的鲍西亚，具有一定的判逆性格，不甘于被命运摆弄做逆来顺受的“家庭天使”，在一定程度上体现了莎士比亚对人文主义精神的追求。然而，从女性主义的视角来分析，在男性为中心的社会里，鲍西亚绝非真正具有女性的自我意识，而是甘于向父权社会妥协的不完美的新女性。本课题通过对《威尼斯商人》中鲍西亚形象的分析，让读者
了解鲍西亚思想上、性格上的先进性与局限性，对现代女性起到一定的启示作用。 (二)研究意义 莎士比亚通过对生活细致入微的观察，对人性深刻的剖析，创作出《威尼斯商人》这部极具讽刺性的喜剧。在莎士比亚的笔下，女性的感情与理智平分秋色，女性是以与男性平等的形象出现的。这在鲍西亚这一角色身上表现最为突出。鲍西亚美丽温柔、忠贞不渝、善良可爱、机智勇敢、足智多谋。她掌握着自己的命运，不仅在自主选择丈夫方面，而且在与夏洛克的斗争中起到了关键性的作用。在当今的现实生活中，鲍西亚光彩照人的女性形象也可以带给人们启迪和借鉴。鲍西亚在金钱和爱情的杠杆上，选择了爱情。在她的内心深处爱情价更高，是金钱、物质所无法取代的。她对于爱情忠贞不渝和执着，值得现代生活中个别只追求物质享受的女人去学习。在现实生活中，个别人不应该由于自己的优越条件而歧视别人，更要学会不用有色眼光去看待别人。在法庭上，讲义气、才智非凡的鲍西亚女扮男装以法律博士的身份出场，使剧情有了戏剧性的转折，使夏洛克一步步在不知不觉中陷入她的计策。她成功的妙计足以显示出其学问深厚，机智敏锐，有胆有识的特点，这种女性形象也是我们所认同和赞赏的。《威尼斯商人》中的鲍西亚人物形象具有生动鲜明，栩栩如生，有血有肉等特点。本文通过对《威尼斯商人》
英国文学选读一考试大题必备 重点题目分析(人物分析 诗歌分析 三大主义)
Hamlet is the first work of literature to look squarely at the stupidity, falsity and sham of everyday life, without laughing and without easy answers. In a world where things are not as they seem, Hamlet…s genuineness, thoughtfulness, and sincerity make him special. Hamlet is no saint. But unlike most of the other characters (and most people today), Hamlet chooses not to compromise with evil. Dying, Hamlet reaffirms the tragic dignity of a basically decent person in a bad world Hamlet is the first work of literature to show an ordinary person looking at the futility and wrongs in life, asking the toughest questions and coming up with honest semi-answers like most people do today. Unlike so much of popular culture today, "Hamlet" leaves us with the message that life is indeed worth living, even by imperfect people in an imperfect world. 犹豫scholars have debated for centuries about Hamlet's hesitation in killing his uncle. Some see it as a plot device to prolong the action, and others see it as the result of pressure exerted by the complex philosophical and ethical issues that surround cold-blooded murder, calculated revenge and thwarted desire. More recently, psychoanalytic critics have examined Hamlet's unconscious desires (Freud concludes that Hamlet has an "Oedipal desire for his mother and the subsequent guilt [is] preventing him from murdering the man [Claudius] who has done what he unconsciously wanted to do". Robinson Crusoe is a grand hero in westerners? eyes. He survived in the deserted island and lived a meaningful life. He almost has everything needed for becoming a successful man, such as his excellent creativity, great working capacity, courage, and persistence in overcoming obstacles. But he has shortcomings, too. Sometimes he was irresolute; he was not confident; he was fetishistic, although his belief had done him much good. He serves somehow as a lighthouse for the ambitious people. It?s also instructive for average people. Robinson was the representative of the bourgeois of the 18th C. It was the time when bourgeois grew stronger and stronger. The author Defoe paid a tribute to bourgeois by creating such a rational, powerful, clever, and successful man. 【Themes of Robinson Crusoe】 1. The ambivalence of mastery In short, while Crusoe seems praiseworthy in mastering his fate by overcoming his obstacles, and controlling his environment, the praiseworthiness of his mastery over his fellow human Friday is more doubtful. Defoe explores the link between the two in his depiction of the colonial mind. 2. The necessity of Repentance Crusoe?s experiences constitute not simply an adventure story in which thrilling things happen, but also a moral tale illustrating the right and wrong ways to live one?s life. Crusoe?s story instruct s others in God?s wisdom, and one vital part of this wisdom is the importance of repenting one?s sins. 3. The Importance of Self-Awareness Crusoe?s arrival on the island does not make him revert to a brute existence and he remains conscious of himself at all times. His island existence actually deepens his self-awareness as he withdraws from the external society and turns inward. The idea that the individual must keep a careful reckoning of the state of his own soul is a key point in the Presbyterian doctrine that the aothor took seriously all his life. ·Jane Eyre Charlotte Bronte The protagonist and title character, orphaned as a baby. She is a plain-featured, small and reserved but talented, sympathetic, hard-working, honest and passionate girl. Skilled at studying, drawing, and teaching, she works as a governess at Thornfield Hall and falls in love with her wealthy employer, Edward Rochester. But her strong sense of conscience does not permit her to become his mistress, and she does not return to him until his insane wife is dead and she herself has come into an inheritance. 【Themes of Jane Eyre】 1. Gender relations A particularly important theme in the novel is patriarchalism and Jane…s efforts to assert her own identity within male-dominated society. Among the three of the main male characters,