2018考研英语：长难句中的常见四种组合方式

了解长难句的组成方式，对于拆分解读很有帮助，一般来说，考研英语长难句有四种组合，小编分享给18年的考生。

一、复合从句

在考研中，复合从句中的从句最常见的是定语从句。复合从句可分为简单复合从句和复杂复合从句。本文将分词作状语和定语也归入从句范畴，当作一种更为灵活的从句形式。这种语法处理，并不是从语言学研究角度进行的，而是从考试、教学角度出发做出的从简处理。

①简单复合从句

简单复合从句可以分为套用从句和并列从句两种。

套用从句，其实是最简单的长难句。这类句子就像一根锁链，只要抓住句子的各个连接点，理出句子层次，就完全可以把握住。在翻译定语从句时，“这(些/ 个)”常用来作为拆分句子的必用手段。阅读时，定语从句一般可以跳过，实在不放心可以略读。一般情况下，考研基本上不会在这种从句中有出题点。

并列从句大致有四种情况：并列从句修饰主语、谓语和宾语。也就是说并列从句一般作定语或状语。其实，并列从句和并列短语在语法功能上完全相同，只不过并列从句一般较长，会使考生在阅读中渐忘句子结构。

并列从句修饰主语，就是说并列从句作状语。这种句子很简单。翻译时，可以直译，把从句作定语，直接放在主语前面。如果从句很长，可以使用复指代词。另外，翻译从句先行词时，要注意词性的转换，比如hope/ suggest之类的词有名动两种译法。考生要切忌拘于词性。

并列从句修饰谓语就是说这些从句作状语。一般情况下，这些从句都不完整，多为现在分词短语和过去分词短语。事实上，现在分词短语和过去分词短语作状语或者定语，都可以看作是从句的一种更加灵活的表达方式。

并列从句修饰宾语。宾语有两种，一种是单纯宾语，另一种是介宾结构中的准宾语。单纯宾语指在句中作宾语成分;准宾语指在介词后面的宾语。

并列从句修饰单纯宾语的句子结构很清晰，阅读难度不大，但翻译有些难度。并列从句修饰准宾语的就比较难了。因为后面有很长的介词短语会使考生在阅读中忘记句子前面的意思。

②复杂复合从句

复杂复合从句，就是说这些句子不是单纯的复合从句。复杂复合从句主要是因为句

子中出现省略，插入和倒装等形式，从而加大了句子的难度。这也是考研英语为了加大难度常用的方式。在复杂复合从句中出现的省略一般主要是语法省略，语用省略一般很少。出现插入语，其实是指这些词或短语的插入，使句子语法成分的联系打断，句子的整体性受到冲击，从而影响了句子的理解。复杂复合从句中出现的插入语一般都是分词形式或者介宾结构。翻译时，一般多可以翻为状语，有时也可以翻为定语。出现倒装时，越短的句子越难。因为可以参考的信息很少。这种句子可以先把从句和先行词用一个代词替换，然后进行语序恢复。

二、成分省略

语言有个节省性原则。成分省略，主要是为了避免重复。一般的成分省略多为主语省略和谓语省略。这种省略属于语法省略。但考研中一般是语用省略，也就是说是为了某种具体的表达目的而采取的省略。成分省略一般和从句相结合，一正一反，使句子变得富有变化和难于把握。但省略句也有一些出现频率很高，因此需要熟记。

三、使用插入语

插入语，是因为分裂了句子的结构而得名的，所以，这个术语主要是从语法功能角度出发提出的，对语法形式没有多大考虑。插入语一般是主谓结构或者介宾结构。使用插入语主要是为了调整语气和增加补充信息，并且更主要的目的是为了平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻。插入语是主谓结构，一般都是“sb say/reason/suggest”这种格式，阅读问题不大，翻译时要提到句首。插入语是介宾结构也是如此处理。定语从句和分词做定语时，如果是插在主谓结构之间也可以看作是插入语。考研翻译中出现最多的插入语是用破折号插入的新话题或者补充信息。这种插入标志很明显，只是翻译处理会有些棘手。另外，因为一些句子成分(一般是定语)过长而出现后置，也可看作是插入现象。只不过这种插入只是句子原有成分间的位子变化，没有新增成分。

四、改变语序

改变语序，一般指倒装。倒装分为语法倒装和修辞倒装。考研难点一般在修辞倒装。一种是强调句子的表达重心，一种是强调一种表达语气，比如命令语气，假设语气(虚拟语气的倒装属于此类)疑问语气和否定语气。这些倒装常和一些连词或者副词(如nor/so/only/never/until等)密切相关。

其实看看凯程考研怎么样，最简单的一个办法，看看他们有没有成功的学生，最直观的办法是到凯程网站，上面有大量学员经验谈视频，这些都是凯程扎扎实实的辅导案例，其他机构网站几乎没有考上学生的视频，这就是凯程和其他机构的优势，凯程是扎实辅导、严格管理、规范教学取得如此优秀的成绩。

辨别凯程和其他机构谁靠谱的办法。

第一招：看经验谈视频，凯程网站有经验谈视频，其他机构没有。

第二招：看有没有讲义。凯程有课程讲义，其他机构几乎没有，或者没有现成的讲义，说明他们没有辅导历史。

第三招：问问该专业今年辅导多少人。如果就招1-2个学生，那就无法请最好的老师，凯程大多数专业都是小班授课，招生人数多，自然请的老师质量高，授课量大，学习更加扎实。并且凯程和这些学校的老师联系更加紧密。

第四招：看集训营场地正规不正规。有些机构找个写字楼，临时租个宾馆，学习没有气氛，必须是正规教学楼、宿舍楼、操场、食堂，凯程就是正规教学楼、宿舍楼、食堂、操场等，配备空调、暖气、热水器、独立卫浴等。在凯程网站有大量集训营环境的照片，每个学员对我们的集训营学习气氛满意度超高。其他机构很多遮遮掩掩不提供，那就是集训营环境不行。

第五招：实地考察看看。

凯程在金融硕士、会计硕士、法硕、中传、教育学、教育硕士、财科所等名校名专业考研取得的成绩。对该专业有辅导历史：必须对该专业深刻理解，才能深入辅导学员考取该校。在考研辅导班中，从来见过如此辉煌的成绩：凯程在2016年考研中，清华五道口金融学院考取13人（前五名都是凯程学员），清华经管6人，北大经院金融硕士8人，人大和贸大各15人，中财金融硕士10人，复旦上交上财等名校18人，法学方面，凯程在人大、北大、贸大、政法、武汉大学、公安大学等院校斩获多个法学和法硕状元，会计硕士、中传、中戏、经济学等专业更是成绩突出，更多专业成绩请查看凯程网站。在凯程官方网站的光荣榜，成功学员经验谈视频特别多，都是凯程战绩的最好证明。对于如此高的成绩，凯程集训营班主任邢老师说，凯程如此优异的成绩，是与我们凯程严格的管理，全方位的辅导是分不开的，很多学生本科都不是名校，某些学生来自二本三本甚至不知名的院校，还有很多是工作了多年才回来考的，大多数是跨专业考研，他们的难度大，竞争激烈，没有严格的训练和同学们的刻苦学习，是很难达到优异的成绩。最好的办法是直接和凯程老师详细沟通一下就清楚了。

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