博士学霸考博英语词汇总结

博士学霸考博英语词汇总结
博士学霸考博英语词汇总结

博士学霸考博英语词汇总结

1. adapt adept adopt

adapt vt.使适应;使适合

He adapted himself to the cold weather.

When he moved to Canada, the children adapted to the change very well. adept adj.(与at, in 连用)熟练的;精通的n. 内行;老手

She was adept at the fine art of irritating people.

adopt vt.收养;采取;采用

They adopted our methods.

正式通过;采纳

The resolution was adopted by a vote of 180 in favour to 10 against it.

2.adopted adoptive

adopted adj.被收养的,被采纳的

an adopted child/an adopted advice

adoptive adj.收养(孩子)的

an adoptive mother

3.averse adverse

averse adj.(常与to 连用)嫌恶的

I am not averse to a dance party and a good mean after a week's hard work. The minister is averse to/from flattery.

adverse adj.不利的;相反的

an adverse decision

Adverse circumstances compelled him to close his business.

4 affection affectation

affection n.友爱, 爱情, 影响, 疾病, 倾向

affectation n.假装, 虚饰, 做作

5.altitude attitude aptitude latitude longitude multitude

altitude

(海拔)高度-At high altitudes of Tibet it is difficult to breathe.

高处-The plane flew at an altitude of 20000 metres.

attitude n.姿势;态度-People's attitude towards the skyscrapers varies widely.

看法;意见-What is the Municipal Authority's attitude to the proposal of a tunnel across the river?

What's the authorities' attitude towards this discord?

aptitude n.能力;才能;天资

latitude n.纬度, 范围, (用复数)地区, 行动或言论的;自由(范围)

longitude n.经度, 经线

multitude n.多数, 群众

6.angle angel

angle

n.角;角度-a right angle

角落;墙角;棱角

观点;看法;看问题的角度

to consider all angles of the question

The professor angled his report to suit the audience he was speaking to.

vt.转动一个角度-to angle a camera

带成见地描述(某事)

He angles his reports to please his editor in chief.

用钩和钓钓鱼

He is keen on angling.

(与for 连用)运用手段获得,攫取

angel

n.天使;守护神;仁慈、漂亮的女人

7.announce denounce renounce pronounce

announce

vt.通告;宣布,宣告;发表

The captain announced that the plane was going to land.

The government announced that they would build a new highway to the mountain. denounce vt.告发;揭发;斥责

renounce vt.正式放弃

He renounced his claim to the property.

宣布断绝关系

He renounced his religion.

pronounce

vt., vi.发音;发出…音

How do you pronounce c-l-e-r-k?

宣称;宣告;断言

The expert pronounced the picture to be a forgery.

The priest pronounced them man and wife.

Everyone pronounced the party to be very good.

(常与on, for, against, in favor of 连用)〈法〉宣判

The judge pronounced sentence on the prisoner.

8. annual annul

annual

adj.每年的;一年一次的-an annual event

annul

vt.取消,废除(婚姻、契约等)abolish/abolition; abrogate/abrogation

9.apposite opposite

apposite

adj. 适当的

opposite

adj.相对的, 对面的, 对立的, 相反的, 对等的, 应的

n.相反的事物

10 appraise apprise praise

appraise

vt.评估,评价,鉴定

apprise

vt.通知;告知

She was apprised of our arrival.

The secretary came to apprise us that the erection of the monster machine had been successfully completed.

praise

vt.赞美;赞扬;歌颂;赞颂

She praised her daughter's hard work.

11.apprehensive comprehensive

apprehensive

adj.忧虑的;担心的-apprehensive for sb.'s safety

comprehensive

adj.全面的;广泛的;包含内容多的;详尽的

The state government gave a very comprehensive explanation of its plans for the development of electronic industry.

12 argument augment

argument

n.争论, 辩论, 论据, 论点, ~(for,against),意见

augment

vt., vi.增大;增加

13. ascribe describe prescribe subscribe inscribe proscribe

ascribe vt.归因于, 归咎于

describe vt.描写, 记述, 形容, 形容v.描述

prescribe vt., vi.`开药方;处方;命令;规定

The law prescribes what should be done.

What punishment does the law prescribe for corruption?

The doctor prescribed total abstinence.

subscribe

vt., vi.(常与to, for 连用)捐款;捐助;订购(报纸、杂志等)

(常与to 连用)同意,赞同

inscribe

vt.(常与in, on, with 连用)题写;铭刻

She inscribed her own name on the textbook. (常与to 连用)题名

This book I inscribe to my old comrades-in-arms. proscribe vt.禁止

14. assent ascent concent/decent

assent

vi.(常与to 连用)同意

ascent

n.上升, (地位, 声望等的)提高, 攀登, 上坡路15 dissent descent decent

dissent

vi.

(常与from 连用)持异议;不同意;意见

不一致

He and I dissented from each other in choosing a suitable candidate.

descent

n.

下降;下滑;降下;下来

血统;遗传

He traces his descent from an old Norman family.

decent

adj

体面的合适的

16. assume resume consume presume

英语部分

269/1359

assume

vt.

假定;假设

I assume you always get up at the same time.

采用;承担

to assume new duties

resume

n.

摘要, 概略, <美> 履历

vt.

再继续, 重新开始, 重新占用, 再用, 恢复consume

vt., vi.

吃,喝

消耗;消费;花费

His old car consumed much gasoline.

毁灭;烧毁

The fire soon consumed the old wooden buildings in the neighbourhood.

presume

vt., vi.

(常与that 连用)假定;假设;认为

I presume from your speech that you are a foreigner.

You must presume no such thing.

当作;姑且认为

If a person is missing for 7 years, he is

presumed dead.

(常与to + inf 连用)放肆;擅作主张

A servant ought not to presume.

(与on, upon 连用)指望;寄希望于…

We must not presume too mush on the reliability of such sources.

17 avocation vocation vacation

avocation

n.

(个人)副业, 业余爱好

vocation

n.

职业;行业

天职;使命

vacation

n.

假期

I worked in a small beachside restaurant during the college vacation.

18 authentic authoritative

authentic

真实的:与事实相符并且值得相信、信赖的:an authentic account by an eyewitness.

真正的:有着经证实的来源或创作者的;非

伪造的或非复制的:

英语部分

270/1359

an authentic medieval sword.

一把真正的中世纪剑

authoritative

adj.(形容词)

官方的:有着或由政府发起的;官方的:

an authoritative decree; authoritative sources. 权威性的:拥有公认的精确性或优秀性的;

极可信赖的:

an authoritative account of the revolution.

专断的:行使权力的;命令的:

the captain's authoritative manner.

19 adjoin adjacent adjourn

adjoin

vt.

毗连;临近;贴近

Our house adjoins theirs.

adjacent

adj.

(与to 连用)

相邻的,邻近的

adjourn

vt., vi.

延期;休会,会议暂停

The meeting will be adjourned till next Wednesday.

20 admire admiral

admire

v.

赞美, 钦佩, 羡慕

admiral

n.

海军上将, 舰队司令, 旗舰

21 adore adorn

adore

vt.

崇拜

敬爱;敬重

非常喜欢

He adores the cinema.

She adores going to the volleyball ma tch. adorn

vt.

She likes to adorn herself with jewels.

增加…的重要性或吸引力

He tried to adorn his story with a lot of lies 22. appliance applicant application

appliance

n.

用具, 器具

英语部分

271/1359

applicant

n.

申请者, 请求者

application

n.

请求, 申请, 申请表, 应用, 运用

23 alley ally

alley

n.

小路, 巷, (花园里两边有树篱的)小径

ally

v.

结盟, 与...(在血统, 性质等上)有关联, 同

n.

同盟国, 支持者

24 accession access

accession

n.

就职, 就任, 添加, 增加

access

n.

通路, 访问, 入门

vt.

存取, 接近

B

1. bull bully

bull

n.

公牛, 粗壮如牛的人

乐观进取的人

胡扯;废话

bully

vt.

威吓;欺侮;以强凌弱

He's always bullying smaller boys.

2.bandage bondage

bandage n 绷带

bondage n 奴役,束缚

3.bread bead

bread n 面包

4.bump dump jump hump lump plum p

pump

bump

n.

撞击, 肿块

英语部分

272/1359

bead n 水珠、珠子;祈祷

v.

碰(伤), 撞(破), 颠簸

dump

vt.

倾倒(垃圾), 倾卸

n.

堆存处

jump

n.

跳跃, 上涨, 惊跳

vt.

跳跃, 跃过, 突升, 使跳跃vi.

跳跃, 暴涨

hump

n.

驼峰, 驼背, 小园丘, 峰丘v.

(使)隆起, 弓起

lump

n.

块(尤指小块), 肿块, 笨人vt.

使成块状, 混在一起. plump

adj.

圆胖的, 丰满的, 鼓起的

vt.

突然放下, 使丰满, 使鼓起vi.

变丰满, 鼓起

pump

n.

泵, 抽水机

vt.

(用泵)抽(水), 抽吸

5.beach breach bleach

beach

n.

海滨;湖滨;河滩

The little beach hotel has a pleasant ambien breach

n.

(常与of 连用)违背;不履行;破坏

in breach of contract

Your company is in breach of the contract. bleach

vt., vi.

使变白

Did you bleach this tablecloth?

英语部分

273/1359

bead n 珠子, 水珠 vt 祈祷

6.bride bribe

bride n 新娘

bribe n vt 贿赂

boom broom

boom n.v 繁荣兴旺

broom n 扫帚

buffet buffer

buffet

n.餐具柜, 小卖部, 殴打, 打击vt ①连续地打击②搏斗

buffer

vt 缓冲、缓和

C

1. censor censure

censor

n.

检查员

vt.

检查, 审查

censure

v.

责难

n.

责难

2. cession session

cession

n.

割让, 转让, [律]让与(他人)债权

session

n.

(官方机构的)会议,会期,开会期

The general session approved the report of the investigation committee.

学期;大学的学期

3. clash crush crash

clash

n.

冲突, 撞击声, 抵触

the clash of weapons

clash of interests

a clash with the police

I failed to go to her wedding because it clashed with my examination.

英语部分

274/1359

战斗

It is broadcast that the two armies clashed

near the borderline again before dawn.

vi., vt.

冲突

The enemy armies clashed.

(事情)在时间上相冲突

It's a pity the two concerts clash. (常与with 连用)(色彩)不协调

This shirt clashes with your trousers. crush

vt., vi.

压碎;压坏;碾碎

挤压;塞

to crush one's way through the crowd 破坏;镇压;压服

to crush all opposition

crash

n.

碰撞, 坠落, 坠毁, 撞击声, 爆裂声

v.

碰撞, 坠落, 坠毁, (指商业公司, 政府等) 破产, 垮台

4. classic classical

classic

n.

杰作, 名著

adj.

第一流的

classical

adj.

古典的, 正统派的, 古典文学的

5. clench clinch

clench

vt., vi.

紧合;咬紧(牙关);捏紧(拳头)

She clenched her teeth when she was operated on.

紧握;抓牢

The girl clenched her money in her hand.

clinch

vt., vi.

敲弯钉头钉牢;钉住

把(木头)钉牢在一起

确定;决定(贸易等);达成买卖或合同

The two companies clinched the deal quickly. The offer of more money clinched it for her. She agree to undertake the job as the assistant to the managing director.

6.coarse hoarse roar

英语部分

275/1359

coarse

adj.

粗的;粗糙的;未精炼的

(表面)不光滑的;粗织的

coarse cloth

粗鲁的;鲁莽的;不礼貌的

coarse talk

hoarse

adj.

嘶哑的

His voice was hoarse after talking for an hour.

roar

n.

吼声;咆哮声

the roar of an angry lion

The lion gave a loud roar.

7. canvass canvas

canvas

n.

粗帆布

一块油画布

The young artist showed me his recent

canvases.

canvass

n.

细查, 讨论, 劝诱

vt.

彻底检查, 细究, 向...拉票或拉生意, 讨论vi.

游说, 拉选票

8. cannon canon

cannon

n.

加农炮;大炮

canon

n.

教规,宗教法规

9. credible credulous

credible

adj.

可信的;可靠的

credulous

adj.

轻信别人的

10 continual continuous

新东方考博英语作文背诵经典

Schooling and Education It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important. Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or in the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to thepeople debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist.Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from infancy on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of one's entire life.Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the workings of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. For example, high school students know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling. 上学与受教育 在美国,人们通常认为上学是为了受教育。而现在却有人认为孩子们上学打断了他们受教育的过程。这种观念中的上学与受教育之间的区别非常重要。与上学相比,教育更具开放性,内容更广泛。教育不受任何限制。它可以在任何场合下进行,在淋浴时,在工作时,在厨房里或拖拉机上。它既包括在学校所受的正规教育,也包括一切非正规教育。传授知识的人可以是德高望重的老者,可以是收音机里进行政治辩论的人们,可以是小孩子,也可以是知名的科学家。上学读书多少有点可预见性,而教育往往能带来意外的发现。与陌生人的一次随意谈话可能会使人认识到自己对其它宗教其实所知甚少。人们从幼时起就开始受教育。因此,教育是一个内涵很丰富的词,它自始至终伴随人的一生,早在人们上学之前就开始了。教育应成为人生命中不可缺少的一部分。然而,上学却是一个特定的形式化了的过程。在不同场合下,它的基本形式大同小异。在全国各地,孩子们几乎在同一时刻到达学校,坐在指定的座位上,由一位成年人传授知识,使用大致相同的教材,做作业,考试等等。他们所学的现实生活中的一些片断,如字母表或政府的运作,往往受到科目范围的限制。例如,高中生们知道,在课堂上他们没法弄清楚他们社区里政治问题的真情,也不会了解到最新潮的电影制片人在做哪些尝试。学校教育这一形式化的过程是有特定的限制的。

医学考博英语词汇汇总

个人收集整理资料,仅供交流学习,勿作商业用途全国医学博士英语统一考试词汇表 abate v .减轻 , 减退;废除 aberrant a.畸变地。异常地。脱离常轨地 ablate v.切除,摘除 abortion n.流产,早产;(计划等地>失败,夭折 abrade v .擦伤;磨损 abscess n .脓肿 abstain v.戒、避免;弃权 abstinence n .节制;禁欲 absurd a .荒唐地 accent n .腔调 , 口音;重音 , 重音符号 v.加重读 accessory n .附件 , 附属品;同谋 , 帮凶 a .附属地 , 附加地accordance n .一致 , 给予 accountant n .会计 accuse v .谴责 , 指控 , 告发 achromatopsia n .色盲 acidosis n.酸中毒 acknowledge v .承认;致谢 acknowledgement n .承认 , 感谢;收到地通知 acne n .痤疮 , 粉刺 acoustic a.声学地;听觉地 acquaint v.使认识,使了解,通知 acupuncture n .针刺 , 针刺疗法 addict v.使沉溺,使醉心;使成瘾n .有瘾地人 , 吸毒成瘾adduce v .引证;提出 adequate a .足够地;恰当地 admonish v .告诫 advisory a.咨询地,劝告地 advocate n. 拥护者 , 提倡者 v.拥护 ,提倡 aerobic a .需氧地afebrile a.无热地 affection n.爱;感情;病 afferent a.传人地 affiliate v.使附属;隶属 affinity n.亲和力;密切关系 afflict v.使苦恼,折磨 aggressive a. 爱寻衅地 , 侵略地;有进取心地 agile a .敏捷地 , 灵活地 agitate v.搅动;激动,焦急不安 agony n .苦恼 , 痛苦 ague n .疟疾;寒颤 alga n .水藻 , 海藻 alleviate v.减轻(痛苦>,缓和

(完整版)分子生物学考博真题

中国疾控中心2005年分子生物学(博士) 一、名词解释 1.EST 2.YAC 3.Sense DNA 4.RNAi 5.Race 二、问答题 1、乳糖操纵子的结构。IPTG如何诱导结构基因表达? 2、正向突变、抑制突变及回复突变的定义及与突变的关系。 3、PUC18克隆载体的结构特征。 4、在做PCR过程中,常遇到的问题及解决方法。 5、已知蛋白A、B之间相互作用,C、D分别与A、B 相似,如何签定C、D之间的相互作用,两种方法说明之。 6、试用分子生物学相关知识建立动物模型的方法,如何建立病原生物学的动物模型。 军事医学科学院1995年分子生物学试题(博士) 1. Apoptosis的生物学意义及其调控基因。 2.基因转移的概念及基因转移载体应具备的条件。 3.原癌基因的功能及其转化为癌基因的机理。 4.人主要组织相容性抗原在细胞识别中的作用及原理。 5.染色体重排对生物体的影响及其主要类型。 6.噬菌体显示技术原理及其在生物学研究中的意义。 军事医学科学院1996年分子生物学试题(博士) 1.什么是原癌基因?它们怎样被反转录病毒激活? 2.什么是tumor supperssor gene?举例说明它的调控功能。 3.细胞染色体的异常如何导致癌基因的激活? 4 解释以下名词:(1) gene knock-out (2) molecular hybridization (3) restriction fragment length polymorphism (4) human genome project 5.G蛋白的结构特点信其功能. 6 .apoptosis的特征与其生理及病理意义,已知它的调控基因有哪些? 2006 协和生物化学与分子生物学专业博士试题 一、填空(24空24分) 1.---------年,由-------和-------(英文姓)首次提出了DNA的双螺旋模型,其结果发表在----杂志,他们提出的实验依据是-------和--------。 2.蛋白质浓度测定在--------nm, 原因是---------但有时候也在220nm处测量,原因是--------。 3.表皮生长因子受体具有-------酶的活性。 4.嗅觉、视觉、味觉和细胞膜上的------蛋白结合,这种受体具有-------的结构特点,产生的第二信使是。 二、名词解释(4题16分) 1. CpG island 2.CTD of RNA Pol II 3. SiRNA 三、问答题(4题40分) 1. 基因组DNA有时会产生G:T错配,DNA复制时有时会发生A:C错配,他们产

现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料chapter

现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料c h a p t e r 文件管理序列号:[K8UY-K9IO69-O6M243-OL889-F88688]

Chapter 9 Changes in Word Meaning 9.1 Causes of Changes in Word Meaning 9.2 Four Tendencies in Semantic Change 9.3 Semantic Development or Change Resulting from the Figurative Use of Words Definition: Change of meaning refers to the alteration of the meaning of existing words, as well as the addition of new meaning to established words. 9.1 Causes of Changes in Word Meaning A.Historical cause 历史原因 It often happens that though a word retains its original form ,its meaning has changed because the object which it denotes has changed . *Changes of meaning because of increased knowledge of the object described are common in the history of science. Eg. pencil ==is from a Latin word meaning “a little tail” or “a fine brush”, like our Chinese “pen”毛笔.Later, when it was made of wood and graphite ,it was still called a “pencil”. atom ==It was borrowed though Latin and French from Greek arouos,invisible. Thus atom meant originally “an particle too small to be divided”. This meaning is now out-of-date, because scientist have found out that atom can be split.

考博英语词汇解答技巧

考博英语词汇解答技巧 考博英语词汇解答技巧 一、动词 动词及短语动词是博士生入学英语考试词汇部分的一个重要测试项目。该项目对考生的测试点包括:1)动词的认知能力和辨别能力;2)动词用法的掌握程度;3)动词搭配关系的熟练程度。据初步统计在硕士研究生入学考试5500 个词汇中,大约有五分之一是动词及动词词组。 因此,掌握好这批词汇直接关系到能否通过博士生入学英语词汇部分的考试。 在动词部分中,考生首先应该具备较好的认知能力,即遇见一个动词后,能够较快地确定它的前两个或前三个词义。如:evolve v.,第一个词义是“使发展”,第二个词义是“使进化”,第三个词义是“推论”。在考试中,检查考生这一能力的题是比较多的;考生应该能够根据上下文确定动词的有关词义。在具备认知能力的基础上,考生还需掌握这些词汇的基本用法。如:forbid v. 后面不能用to smoke,只能用动词+ing 的形式,即smoking;Occur v. (发生),只能用于主动语态,不能以被动的形式出现。最后,还要熟悉动词的基本搭配关系。如:concentrate 和associate两个动词,其后面的介词一般只能是on和with。 以下是按照上面三种情况出现的词汇题: 1. The diplomatic relations between the two countries have ____. A. ticked away B. gone out C. broken off D. rung up 2.The Constitution also provides that the organ of state must practice democratic centralism. A. supplies B. specifies C. presents D. withhold 3.As a result, they had to ___ answering their letter by three days. A. decide B. refrain C. surpass D. delay 第一句表示“外交关系终止”需用动词词组“break off"。 第二句中的 "provide",第一个词义是“提供”或“供应”,第二个词义是“规定”。 四个选择项中,“specify” 含有“规定”的意思,因此B 是正确答案。第三句中只有“delay”一词的后面可以采用动名词,所以应该选择D。 考生在平时复习时,可以有意识地按照以上三点记忆动词和短语动词。在准备动词词汇部分 时,考生还需注意以下几点。 1. 不规则动词的词形变化: 有一定数量的动词,其过去式和过去分词与原形不同。这部分词汇在测试中起到较强的干扰作用。在5500词汇中类似动词较多,以下仅举部分例子: 动词原形过去式过去分词 bear

最新英语词汇学期末复习资料资料

1、选择题(2 ×15=30) 2、填空题(2×5=10 ) 3、搭配题(1×10=10) 4、名词解释题(4×5=20) 5、问题回答(5×3=15) 6、论述题(第39题7分,第40题8分) 选择题: 1. Which of the following is an initialism ? D. UN 2. The following are all nominal suffixes EXCEPT A. –ful . 3.Both English and B. Danish belong to the Germantic branch of the Indo-European language family. 4.Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatik relationships are known as C. inflectional morphemes. 5.Motiation accounts for the connection between word-form and C.its meaning. 6.Ambiguity often arises due to polysemy and C.homonymy. 7.Affixes attached to other morphemes to create new words are known as B .derivational affixes. 8.The semantic unity of idioms is reflected in the A.illogical relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom as in rain cats and dogs. https://www.360docs.net/doc/65882546.html,ually a small number of languages have been designated official languages for an organization’s activities ,for example, the UN was established with five official languages English, French, A.Spanish Russian, and Chinese.中英俄法西

最新考博英语高频词汇精编版

1、abnormal, uncommon, disordered“反常的” abnormal[?b?n?:m?l] a.不正常的,反常的(但并非罕见),指行为或现象(如气候)的异常。 His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days,the highest point reaching 40.5 degree centigrade.他的体温三天来一直都不正常,最高的时候达到40.5摄氏度。(尽管身体发烧不正常,但生活中也时有发生。) uncommon[?n?k?m?n] a.罕见的,不平常的,指很少经历或很少见到的状况;特别的,出色的。Hurricanes are uncommon in England.飓风在英国非常罕见。 That is uncommon instant coffee; it tastes great! 那速溶咖啡质量上乘,味道好极了!Disordered[dis'?:d?d] a.混乱的,杂乱的;(精神或身体)有病的。 We couldn't understand her disordered presentation.我们听不明白她条理不清的陈述。 2、abide, adhere, conform, comply“遵守”。 abide[??baid] v.后接by表示“遵守,同意”。 I will abide by the director' decision.我将遵从主任的决定。 adhere[?d?hi?] v.后接to表示“遵守”。(当然adhere一词的其它意思如“坚持;粘附”也经常被考到。) Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.汽车司机必须遵守驾驶规则。 conform[k?n?f?:m] v.后接to表示“遵守,符合”。 All individuals are required to conform to the laws made by their governments.每个人都应该遵守政府制订的法律。 comply[k?m?plai] v.后接with表示“遵守,服从”,用于正式的场合。 Our company complies with governmental regulations on paying taxes.我们公司遵守政府有 关纳税的规定。 3、abolish, cancel, eliminate, dispose, erase,exclude, extinguish都有“取消,除掉”的意思。 abolish[??b?li?] v.指对法律、习俗、制度的废除;完全破坏。 The government abolished the tax on alcohol.政府取消了酒税。 cancel[?k?ns?l] v.对预先安排的某种活动(如旅行、计划、会议等)的取消;删去(字、句)。 The meeting has been cancelled because of the flu.会议由于流感而取消了。 eliminate[i?limineit] v.指消除、淘汰已经存在但是现在不需要的东西。 The losing team was eliminated from further competition.失利的那个队被淘汰了,不能参 加下一阶段的比赛。 The doctor helped him eliminate toxins from the intestine.医生帮助他排出肠中毒素。

考博英语词汇大全完全版

考博英语词汇大全(完全免费版) adore vt.崇拜,热爱 advantageous a.有利的,有助的 aerial adj.空中的,航空的,空想的,空气的 aerospace n.航空和宇宙航行空间 agitation n.鼓动,焦虑 badge n.徽章,标记 baffle vt.困惑, 阻碍, 为难 bait n.饵;引诱物 v. 使生气,欺负 balcony n.阳台;楼厅,楼座 bald adj.秃头的 bandit n.土匪,盗匪,歹徒 bank v.(车或飞机)倾斜转变n. 岸 banker n.银行家 bankrupt adj.破产的 banquet n.盛宴丰盛、豪华的筵席 barometer n.气压计,晴雨表 baron n.大财主,大老板 barren adj.不生育的, 不孕的, 贫瘠的, 没有结果的, 无益的, 单调的, 无聊的, 空洞的bazaar n.集市,商店集中区 beetle n.甲虫;近视眼的人 beforehand ad.预先;提前地 bestow v.给予,赐赠 bewilder vt.迷惑,把…弄糊涂 bid v.①致意,吩咐②出价 bishop n.(基督教的)主教 bleach vt.漂白 blond n.白肤金发碧眼的人 blunder v.跌跌撞撞地走, 犯大错, 做错 n.愚蠢之举 bourgeois n.中产阶级, 商人, 资产阶级;adj. 中产阶级的, 平庸 bridegroom n.新郎 bridle v.限制,阻止 bronze n.青铜;青铜制品 n.青铜色 brood n.一窝幼鸟 v.孵蛋,闷想 buffalo n.水牛;水陆坦克 bug n.臭虫,窃听器 bugle n.军号;喇叭,号角 bump n.撞击, 肿块;v. 碰(伤), 撞(破), 颠簸 bureaucracy n.官僚政治 burglar n.夜盗,窃贼 burner n.灯头,煤气头 buzz vi.(蜂等)嗡嗡叫 C、D字母的

华科考博分子生物学历年真题汇总

华中科技大学同济医学院考博分子生物学(专业基础)简答题历年试题汇总 1.顺式作用元件有哪些,并加以解释。2015,2012考 2.人类基因组计划的4张图,各自的意义是什么? 3.癌基因激活的主要途径? 问答:1.什么是基因治疗,基因治疗的主要策略是什么?基因治疗的技术及主要内容,2015,2014,2013考 问答2.蛋白质组学的主要技术有哪些并解释?2015,2012考 2014简问答题 1.PCR原理,步骤,写出6种PCR衍生技术 2013,2014,2009考 2.何谓基因克隆?简述其基本过程。09年 3.重组DNA技术,问答题20分,14年考 4.举例说明基因表达的调控机制。题目太大,原核调控,真核调控?13年 问答5.人类基因定位的常用方法及原理。12年,09年考 简问6.简述反式作用因子的结构特点及作用方式 09年 简问7.简述逆转录病毒的结构特点 09年考 问答:真核细胞中基因表达的特异性转录调控因子是指什么?根据他们的结构特征可以分为哪些类型?它们和DNA相互识别的原理是什么?2013年考 问答:试述大肠杆菌中表达蛋白质产物的步骤。 2013年考 试比较克隆载体、原核载体和真核载体的特点 2012年考 2016年真题 英译中名词解释(20分) 反义RNA;操纵子;限制性核酸内切酶;选择性剪切;抑癌基因;基因诊断; RNA干扰;质粒; gene maping;管家基因 简答题。 真核基因组的结构和功能特点20分 分15人类基因组的结构特征. 原癌基因的特点15分 蛋白质组研究常用技术有那些,简介其作用。15分 当前基因治疗技术面临的技术问题有哪些?15分 以下为2001-2004年试题及网上答案 一、若要获得IL-2的基因工程产品,你应该怎么做? 基因工程是在分子水平上对基因进行操作的复杂技术,是将外源基因通过体外重组后导入受体细胞内,使这个基因能在受体细胞内复制、转录、翻译表达的操作,又叫分子克隆,DNA重组技术。 1. 在GENBANK中检索IL-2的mRNA序列;在genecard里检索IL-2高表达的组织;同时检索一下有关文献; 2. 如果考虑使用原核表达系统(通常是大肠杆菌表达系统),将IL-2的成熟肽的基因序列找出(呵呵,我没有检索,不清楚是否有信号肽)进行分析;

英语词汇学知识点归纳

英语词汇学知识点归纳 Standardization of sany group #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#

English Lexicology(英语词汇学) Lexicology(词汇学): is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and meanings of words. The Nature and Scope of English lexicology: English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages. The subjects that English Lexicology correlated with and extent to: English Lexicology is correlated with such linguistic disciplines as morphology(形态学), semantics(语义学), etymology(词源学),stylistics(文体论) and lexicography(词典学) The reason for a student to study English lexicology: According to the textbook, English Lexicology will definitely be beneficial for students of English. A good knowledge of morphological structures of English words and rules of word-formation will help learners develop their personal vocabulary and consciously increase their word power. The information of the historical development and the principles of classification will give them a deeper understanding of word-meaning and enable them to organize, classify and store words more effectively. The understanding and their sense relations will gradually raise their awareness of meaning and usage, and enable them use words more accurately and appropriately. A working knowledge of dictionaries will improve their skills of using reference books and raise their problem-solving ability and efficiency of individual study. Chapter 1--Basic concepts of words and vocabulary Word(词的定义): A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. (1)a minimal free form of a language (2)a sound unity (3)a unit of meaning (4)a form that can function alone in a sentence Sound and meaning(声音与意义): almost arbitrary, “no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself” Sound and form(读音和形式):不统一的四个原因(1)the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans,which does not have a separate letter to represent each other (2)the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years(3)some of the difference were creates by the early scribes(4)the borrowings is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary Vocabulary(词汇): all the words in a language make up its vocabulary Classification of English Words: By use frequency:basic word stock&nonbasic vocabulary By notion:content words&functional words By origin:native words&borrowed words The basic word stock(基本词汇): is the foundation of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries and forms the common core of the language. Though it constitute a small percentage of the EV, it is the most important part of vocabulary. The Fundamental Features of the Basic Word Stock(基本词汇的特征): 1)All-National character(全民通用性most important) 2)Stability(相对稳定性) 3)Productivity(多产性) 4)Polysemy(多义性) 5)Collocability(可搭配性) 没有上述特征的words:(1)Terminology(术语) (2)Jargon(行话) (3)slang(俚语) (4)Argot(暗语)(5)Dialectal words(方言) (6) Archaisms(古语) (7) Neologisms(新词语):Neologisms means newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on new meanings.(email) Content words/notional words实词(cloud, run walk, never, five, frequently) and functional words/empty words虚词(on, of, and, be, but) Native Words and Borrowed Words Native words(本族语词): known as Anglo-Saxon words (50,000-60,000), are words brought to Britain in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes. (mainstream of the basic word-stocks).Two other features:(1)neutral in style (2)frequent in use

分子生物学考博试题

分子生学(2)——专业基础 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 一、解释下列名词(每题5分,共40分) 1. 蛋白激酶(protein kinase) 2. 增强子(enhancer) 3. SH2结构域(SH2 domain) 4. 聚合酶链反应(PCR) 5. 基因治疗(gene therapy) 6. 变性蛋白质(denatrued protein) 7. 信号肽(signal peptide) 8. cDNA文库 二、问答题(选答四道题,共计60分) 1. 什么是蛋白质的一级、二级、三级、四级结构?它们依靠什么样的链和力建立起这些结构?它们之间的关系是 什么?(15分) 2. 简述重组DNA技术的定义、原理和主要过程,结合你的专业举出一个应用该技术的实例并说明其意义。(15分) 3. 简述癌基因与抑癌基因的定义,各举一例说明其在肿瘤发生中的作用。(15分) 4. 以乳糖操纵子(或称为乳糖操纵元)和色氨酸操纵子为例简述原核细胞基因表达调控原理。(15分) 5. 简述真核细胞基因表达调控的基本环节、主要的调控分子和调控方式。(15分) 注意:请选答四道题,多答者扣去得分最多的答题!!

一九九五年攻读博士研究生入学试题 分子生物学(2) 一、解释(30分) 1.单链构象多态性(SSCP) 2.Alu家庭(Alu family) 3.受体型酪氨酸激酶(RTK) 4.GTP酶激活蛋白(GAP) 5.亮氨酸拉链(Leucine zipper) 6.杂合性丢失(LOH) 二、简要说明怎样进行构建cDNA文库(10分) 三、举例说明细胞癌基因激活有哪几种方式(10分) 四、真核细胞内存在哪些第二信使?它们是怎样产生的?各有何作用?(10分) 五、已知抹香鲸和猪的胰岛素具有相同的氨基酸序列,然而某些抗血清却能将它们区别开来,这岂不与“蛋白质的一级结构决定其高级结构”的理论相矛盾吗?你如何解释?(10分) 六、小测验(30分) 1.圈出下列结构中处于同一肽键平面的原子(5分) 2.已知UMP在体内可循UMP-----dUMP------dTMP途径转变,那么为什么用氚标记的尿苷进行掺入实验时,只有RNA才被标记呢?(5分) 3.将完全用放射性同位素标记的双链DNA置于不含同位素的反应液中进行复制,那么经过两轮复制后DNA分子的放射分布状态如何?(5分) 4.将某种纯蛋白1mg进行氨基酸分析,得19.5ug的异亮氨酸(分子量=131.2),那么该蛋白质的最小分子量是多少?(5分) 5.设有一双链环状DNA,全部长度为100%(如下图),已知内切酶E1的切点在O,E2的切点

(完整版)考博英语词汇.docx

考博英语词汇( 1) 第一部分策略 1.全活化 人左右分析比: 左:意、低速、一般、知、知、知性、 右:无意、超高速、速、造力、、听、触、嗅、味、像、色彩、 直 右具左没有的特殊机能: 1.超高速大量机制 2.像化机能 3.超高速演算机能 4.共振共机能 2.例明: 132623182830152111241922131425 3.策略:想法、串法、构法、近、近形、易混淆、加减、固定搭配 euthanasia, chrysanthemum flower----rose, lily, tulip, peony, carnation, camellia, azalea, narcissus, chrysanthemum, forget-me- not, poinsettia,? receive---deceive---conceive (-ceive= take; con- =共同) tumble---stumble(tumble? into/through跌倒;stumble? over / on脚下拌到西而 跌倒) stationary---stationery(文具,如笔pen,笔 pencil 中含有 "e", 故到 "e"就想起是 文具。) genius --- genuine ( 含有 us 的是天才,因我是天才啊!另一个就是“真正的”), form---deform 确(形状;形) attach to 第二部分例 1.想法 carnation, narcissus, coroner, chandelier, hippocampus, assassinate, antarctic, armour ,abalone, flounder, cult, beau 2.串法 network: Internet---cyberspace---email---e-commerce---website---on-line---homepage---browse---retrie ve--- log on ? 3.构法 -age (状、特性、行) page/rage, advantage/disadvantage, message/massage, courage/encourage, voltage/mileage, village/cottage, luggage/carriage, garage coverage, cabbage, shortage, leakage, breakage, passage, postage, bondage(bond 束、束、券; bondage 就含有“束、奴役”的意思), damage, garbage ( garb 衣服) , manage ,spillage, usage, storage, savage, sausage (sauce), dosage

东北大学考博英语题型分析

2015东北大学考博英语历年真题 一、招考介绍 从整体上看,由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大,对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高,特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生,一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力,另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、东北大学考博英语题型 Part1:完型30题15分; Part2:阅读理解45题45分; Part3:翻译英译汉20分; Part4:作文20分; 三、考博英语必备参考书 育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。在当当网,亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售,也可以联系我们直接购买。 四、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后,就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系,询问是否有招生名额,能否报考,这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早,学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定,报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额;太晚的话,怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下,导师对一个学生很中意的话,后来联系的学生,导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话,联系导师的过程中,如果读研期间的导师有关系,可以尽量利用。如果没有,也没关系,凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的,这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系,都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种: (1)、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统,说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通,看看具体的进展,避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 (2)、名额有限,可以报考,但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意,认为希望很小一般会被刷。其实这样还是比较好的一种回答,最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己,考的好就可以上。

相关文档
最新文档