最新高中英语阅读理解(人生百味)各地方试卷集合汇编及解析

最新高中英语阅读理解(人生百味)各地方试卷集合汇编及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解人生百味类

1．阅读理解

I grew up in a home with a mother who believes that vaccines (疫苗) cause brain damage, and

do not contribute to the health and safety of a society. The only shot I received was for tetanus

(破伤风) when I was two months old. After that, nothing.

At the beginning of each school year, I was very nervous. Delayed term paper? Mischievous (捣

蛋的) behavior? Late for school? None of them. I'd be pulled out of class and brought to the headmaster's office. The school doctor would tell me I hadn't received any of the necessary shots

to attend school. But the same thing occurred each time: my mom would free me from the shots

and nothing would happen.

After doing a lot of research, I found although people who don't vaccinate their children make

up only a relatively small group, they can cause major consequences. People who, for health or

age reasons, cannot receive vaccines are at a higher risk of catching a preventable disease.

Eventually, I turned 18. In Ohio, where I live, I had to wait until I became a legal adult to make

the decision to receive vaccine shots. A huge factor in taking the step to ensure my health was

the message board website Reddit. Last November, I asked Reddit users for advice about what vaccines to ask for and how to go about getting them from a doctor. After my post received more than 1,000 comments, I made an appointment with my family physician. Despite how strongly my mother felt, I went through with it anyway.

I did something every person should do. It wasn't special in any way. Vaccines protect the health and safety of not only yourself but also other people. Vaccination is important because someone could die if you don't get vaccinated. This was the biggest reason I got vaccines despite

the opposition.

（1）Why was the author called to the headmaster's office at the beginning of each school year?

A. He was late for school.

B. He didn't behave himself at school.

C. He couldn't hand in his term paper on time.

D. He was hardly ever vaccinated.

（2）How might the author's mother have felt about his appointment with the family physician?

A. Annoyed.

B. Grateful.

C. Thrilled.

D. Guilty.

（3）What does the author mainly want to tell us through his story?

A.Listening to your mother pays off.

B.Doing the right thing matters.

C.Keeping fit is the best policy.

D.Asking for advice helps.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过自己接种疫苗的经历告诉读者：疫苗

不仅保护你自己，而且保护其他人的健康和安全。接种疫苗很重要，因为如果你不接种，

有人可能会死。这也是作者不顾反对接种疫苗的最大原因。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The school doctor would tell me I hadn't received any of the necessary shots to attend school.”可知，学校的医生会告诉我，我没有接受过任何必要的上学必须要进行的接种。因此推知，学期初作者被叫到校长办公室是因为他几乎从来没有接种过疫苗。故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Despite how strongly my mother felt, I went through with it anyway.”不管我妈妈强烈反对，我还是坚持了下来)可知，妈妈对于作者与家庭医生的约会感动恼怒。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“I did something every person should do.”我做了每个人都应该做的事情；以及下文“Vaccines protect the health and safety of not only yourself but also other people. Vaccination is important because someone could die if you don't get vaccinated.”疫苗不仅保护你自己，而且保护其他人的健康和安全。接种疫苗很重要，因为如果你不接种，有人可能会死，可推断，作者通过他的经历告诉我们做正确的事情，对己对人都有好处。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

I stopped to watch my little girl busy playing in her room. In one hand was a plastic phone; in the other a toy. I listened as she was speaking to her make-believe little friend and I'll never forget the words she said, even though it was imagined.

She said, "Suzie's in the corner because she's not been very good. She didn't listen to a word I said or do the things she should." In the corner I saw her baby doll well dressed. It was obvious that she'd been put there to sit alone and think.

My daughter continued her "conversation", as I sat down on the floor. She said, "I'm all fed up and I just don't know what to do with her any more. She cries whenever I have to work and wants to play games too. She tries to help me with the dishes, but her arms just cannot reach... And she doesn't know how to fold towels. I don't have the time to teach. I have a lot of work to do and a big house to keep clean. I don't have the time to sit and play - don't you know what I mean?" And that day I thought a lot about making some changes in my life, after listening to her innocent words cut me like a knife. I hadn't been paying enough attention to what I hold most dear. I'd been caught up in responsibilities that increased throughout the years.

But now my attitude has changed because in my heart I realize that I've seen the world in a different light through my little darling's eyes. So let the cobwebs (蜘蛛网) cut the corners and the dust bunny rabbit rule the floor. I'm not going to worry about keeping up with them any more. I'm going to fill the house with memories of a child and her mother, for we have only one childhood and we will never get another.

（1）Who is Suzie?

A. The girl's phone.

B. The girl's friend.

C. The author.

D. A baby doll.（2）How did the author feel when hearing her little girl's words?

A. Interested

B. Uncomfortable

C. Moved

D. Unbelievable

（3）The passage leads us to believe that ________.

A. the little girl doesn't hate her mother any more.

B. the author has become lazy because of her daughter.

C. the author cares nothing about her daughter's happiness.

D. the author wants her little girl to have a happy childhood.

（4）What might be the best title?

A. Only one childhood

B. My lovely daughter

C. How to deal with my daughter

D. A world of children

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过和女儿相处的一件小事，有感而发，觉得童年只有一个，从而要让女儿过一个快乐的童年。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Suzie's in the corner because she's not been very good.”以及“I saw her baby doll well dressed. ”Suzie在角落里以及“我”看见她的洋娃娃穿得很好，可推知Suzie是作者女儿的布娃娃。故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“And that day I thought a lot about making some changes in my life, after listening to her innocent words cut me like a knife.”“我”在听了她那些天真的话语后，就像被一把刀割了一样。可推知，作者听到女儿的话语觉得“不适”，故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“I'm going to fill the house with memories of a child and her mother, for we have only one childhood and we will never get another.”可知作者想让她的女儿有一个快乐的童年，故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。作者通过和女儿相处的一件小事，有感而发，觉得童年只有一个，从而要让女儿过一个快乐的童年，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively. We achieve it actively by direct experience, by testing and proving an idea, or by reasoning.

We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else. Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive. We are used to passive learning, and it's not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and co-workers. Unfortunately, passive learning has a serious problem. It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than

hearsay and rumor.

Did you ever play the game Rumor? It begins when one person writes down a message but doesn't show it to anyone. Then the person whispers it, word for word, to another person. That person, in turn, whispers it to still another, and so on, through all the people playing the game. The last person writes down the message word for word as he or she hears it. Then the two written statements are compared. Typically, the original message has changed.

That's what happens in daily life. The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes the story. Then, too, most people listen to improve on it, stamping(打上标记) it with their own personal style. Yet those who hear it think they know.

This process is also found among scholars and authors: A statement of opinion by one writer may be re-stated as fact by another, who may in turn be quoted by yet another; and this process may continue, unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.

（1）According to the passage, what situation may passive learning occur in?

A. Doing a medical experiment

B. Solving a math problem

C. Visiting an exhibition

D. Doing scientific reasoning

（2）What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 refers to?

A. Active learning

B. Knowledge

C. Communication

D. Passive learning

（3）Why does the author mentions the game Rumor?

A. To show that a message may be changed when being passed on.

B. To show that a message should be delivered in different ways.

C. To show that people may have problems with their sense of hearing.

D. To show that people tend not to believe in what they know as rumor.

（4）What can we infer from the passage?

A. Active learning is less important.

B. Passive learning may not be reliable.

C. Active learning occurs more frequently.

D. Passive learning is not found among scholars.

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文主要主要介绍了被动获得知识所存在的一个严重的问题——被告知的可能是谣言。并用现实生活中简单的事说明。

（1）推理判断题。由文章第二段we achieve knowledge passively by being told by some else.Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV of read newspaper or magazines is passive可知被动学习是通过别人告诉获取知识，而A做实验；B解决数学问题；D做科学推理都是主动学习，故选C。

（2）推理判断题。根据it 所在句We are used to passive learning, and it's not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and co-workers可知这我们依赖的是前句所提的被动学习，故选D。

（3）推理判断题。通过第三段最后一句Typically, the original message has changed.可知人

们传递信息到最后时，信息原始的意思已经改变了。和第二段最后一句话 It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay and rumor.它让我们更倾向于接受我们被告知的事物，有时候甚至是传闻或者谣言。可知文章想要告诉我们信息在传递的过程中发生了变化。故选A。

（4）推理判断题。A、C两个选项说的是主动学习，文中没有提到，D选项说被动学习在学者中不会出现，这和最后一段第一句 This process is also found among scholars and authors 不符合，而根据第二段和第三段可知人们传递信息到最后时，信息的原始意思已经改变了，故得出被动学习不可靠，故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及推理判断题，需要联系上下文，推断出所需要的信息，也可以利用排除法，根据文章内容，排除错误选项。

4．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

One evening in February 2007, a student named Paula Ceely brought her car to a stop on a remote road in Wales. She got out to open a metal gate that blocked her path. That's when she heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train. Her Renault Clio was parked across a railway line. Seconds later, she watched the train drag her car almost a kilometre down the railway tracks. Ceely's near miss made the news because she blamed it on her GPS device. She had never driver the route before. It was dark and raining heavily. Ceely was relying on her GPS, but it made no mention of the crossing. "I put my complete trust in the device and it led me right into the path of a speeding train," she told the BBC.

Who is to blame here? Rick Stevenson, who tells Ceely's story in his book When Machines Fail Us, points the finger at the limitations of technology. We put our faith in digital devices, he says, but our digital helpers are too often not up to the job. They are filled with small problems. And it's not just GPS devices: Stevenson takes us on a tour of digital disasters involving everything from mobile phones to wireless keyboards.

The problem with his argument in the book is that it's not clear why he only focuses on digital technology, while there may be a number of other possible causes. A map-maker might have left the crossing off a paper map. Maybe we should blame Ceely for not paying attention. Perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor signaling system. Or maybe someone has studied the relative dangers and worked out that there really is something specific wrong with the GPS equipment. But Stevenson doesn't say.

It's a problem that runs through the book. In a section on cars, Stevenson gives an account of the advanced techniques that criminals use to defeat computer-based locking systems for cars. He offers two independent sets of figures on car theft; both show a small rise in some parts of the country. He says that once again not all new locks have proved reliable, Perhaps, but maybe it's also due to the shortage of policemen on the streets. Or changing social circumstances. Or some combination of these factors.

The game between humans and their smart devices is amusing and complex. It is shaped by economics and psychology and the cultures we live in. Somewhere in the mix of those forces there may be a way for a wiser use of technology.

If there is such a way, it should involve more than just an awareness of the shortcomings of our

machines. After all, we have lived with them for thousands of years. They have probably been fooling us for just a. s long.

（1）What did Paula Ceely think was the cause of her accident?

A. She was not familiar with the road.

B. It was dark and raining heavily then.

C. The railway workers failed to give the signal.

D. Her GPS device didn't tell her about the crossing.

（2）The phrase "near miss" (Paragraph 2) can best be replaced by ________.

A. close hit

B. heavy loss

C. narrow escape

D. big mistake

（3）Which of the following would Rick Stevenson most probably agree with?

A. Modern technology is what we can't live without.

B. Digtal technology often falls short of our expectation.

C. Digital devices are more reliable than they used to be.

D. GPS error is not the only cause for Ceely's accident.

（4）In the writer's opinion, Stevenson's argument is ________.

A. one-sided

B. reasonable

C. puzzling

D. well-based

（5）What is the real concern of the writer of this article?

A. The major causes of traffic accidents and car thefts.

B. The human unawareness of technical problems.

C. The shortcomings of digital devices we use.

D. The relationship between humans and technology.

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）B

（4）A

（5）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者讲述了一起交通事故，司机没有看到火车路口导致了一起事故，司机却将责任归咎到自己的导航仪没有路口提示上。引发作者对于人与科技的关系上的深思。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Ceely's near miss made the news because she blamed it on he GPS(导航仪)." 可知Ceely认为事故发生的原因是GPS没有指出那个路口。故选D。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第一段可知Ceely的车被卡在铁路上并且被火车撞飞了，而她自己则死里逃生，文章用"near miss"来形容这个事故，由此可推断narrow escape 最符合文意，即Ceely很惊险地逃生了，故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"We put our faith in digital devices, he says, but our digital helpers are too often not up to the job." 可知Stevenson认为是科技设备应该被指责，即它们不能满足人们的需要，故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的 "The problem with his argument in the book is that it's not clear why he only focuses on digital technology, while there may be a number of other possible causes." 可知作者认为Stevenson只关注到了片面的，故选A。

（5）考查主旨大意。根据倒数第二段中的"The game between humans and their smart devices is amusing and complex." 可知作者在讨论完Ceely这起事故后，在最后两段将讨论延伸到了人与科技的关系上，因此作者实际关心的内容是人与科技的关系，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

When I was a boy, my parents and I traveled from New York City to the Pennsylvania countryside for a weeklong taste of rural life. We stayed in a guesthouse on a farm, joining the daily routines and eating meals with the farmer and his family. We got up early to see the cows as they were milked. I even tried my hand at milking one, and then joined the farmer as he released the cows into the field afterward.

Decades later I still have vivid memories of that trip which made me realize the value of a vacation, of seeing new things, meeting new people and sharing memorable experiences with family members. To this day, I still consider that family trip when I plan to take time off with my wife and kids. Vacations are a time for resting and connecting. As a bank manager, I spend much of my workday encouraging my customers to save their money. One of the reasons I give is that we should all have enough for a family vacation every year. In our busy lives, family is what we should be saving our money and time for.

For my family, our vacation starts when we begin planning the trip. We talk about destinations and our budget (预算) ahead of time. Among the things we discuss: Can we save money by renting a house instead of spending six nights in a hotel? Would it be better to buy groceries and cook for ourselves rather than eat out every night? Involving (使参与) the kids in planning the vacation makes sure that they have a great vacation too. I prefer to visit historical sites and museums while they love to fish and swim. So I build in some relaxation time for us all so that the vacation can work for everyone.

Each year, setting aside vacation time to spend together is especially important to us. A relaxing environment opens the doors to all kinds of conversations—deep, silly or meaningful. There's no pleasure from the usual everyday tasks. What matters is that everyone is having a great time.（1）Why did the author and his parents go to the countryside when he was young?

A.To milk the cow.

B.To meet the farmer and his family.

C.To experience country life.

D.To enjoy the scenery.

（2）Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A.The author encouraged his customers to save their money for family vacation.

B.The author met new people and new things during the trip.

C.The trip helped the author understand the meaning of vacations better.

D.The author involved his kids in planning the vacation to cut their budget.

（3）What is this passage mainly about?

A.The author had a good time in the countryside.

B.The author advised others to spend vacations with their families.

C.The author tried to enjoy the holidays with his family.

D.The author realized the value of family vacations and put it into practice.

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者由小时候的一次和父母去农村体验生活意识到度假的价值——认识新事物，结识新朋友，与家人分享难忘的经历。这让作者在后来给自己的家庭计划假期的时候，也让家人们参与其中，这样确保每个人都有一个美好的假期。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“When I was a boy, my parents and I traveled from New York City to the Pennsylvania countryside for a weeklong taste of rural life.”当我还是个男孩的时候，我的父母和我从纽约到宾夕法尼亚的乡村旅行了一周，体验乡村生活。可知，作者小时候和他的父母去农村是为了体验乡村生活。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“Involving the kids in pl anning the vacation makes sure that they have a great vacation too.”让孩子们参与计划假期，确保他们也有一个美好的假期。可知，作者让孩子参与假期计划是为了确保孩子有一个美好的假期，并不是为了节省预算。故D选项错误。选D。

（3）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“Decades later I still have vivid memories of that trip which made me realize the value of a vacation, of seeing new things, meeting new people and sharing memorable experiences with family members.”几十年后，我仍然对那次旅行记忆犹新，那次旅行让我意识到度假的价值，认识新事物，结识新朋友，与家人分享难忘的经历。以及下文中作者将那次对家庭度假的价值的认知，付诸实践到自己的家庭生活中。故D选项“作者认识到家庭度假的价值，并将其付诸实践。”最符合文章中心。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

It was the night before my election. I was running for Sophomore Vice President.

I had prepared a performance for the election--a funny boxing match. The fight had popular moves as seen in Dodge Ball, Iron Man, and Super Smash Brothers. In the end, I would perform my famous move, the Power-Punch from Hot Rod.

My friend Cheyenne and I rehearsed (排练) the fight for hours, but the fight would not be a fight without music and sound effects. This is where my brother came in. He stayed up all night to work on that soundtrack. And when my computer's disk burner (刻录机) went out at 6 in the morning, he spent a college student's week's worth of incomes to replace it.

Why would he go into all that trouble? Because he knew that out of all the other important things he could be doing, this was imperative to me. He knew because it was once important to him. Having graduated from Layton High just a year earlier, he knew what it was like to be in the

center of people's attention. He knew how fun high school could be, and he wanted me to have a great experience.

I ended up losing the election, but that day changed my world forever. The lesson my brother taught me became my most important belief. But it wasn't until I had a similar opportunity that I really understood why he cared so much.

What did it take for me to understand? It was the performance. The rest of the cast and I would rehearse every day after school for 6 months all for what? The chance to perform a play eight times. As I came out on that stage for the first time and listened to the laughter, I was filled with joy. By the end of the play, the audience broke into tears, and so did we. What happened? We had the sweet opportunity of giving them an unforgettable theatre moment -- a moment to laugh, reflect, and shed tears.

（1）Why did the author prepare a performance?

A. To prove he had a gift for performing.

B. To introduce moves from some movies.

C. To celebrate his success after the election.

D. To increase his chance of winning the election.

（2）How did the author's brother respond when the computer's disk burner went out? A. He decided to give up in the end. B. He bought one with his own money.

C. He found another way to make music.

D. He borrowed one from a college student.

（3）What does the underlined word "imperative" in Paragraph 4 mean?

A. Important

B. Pleasant

C. Difficult

D. Useful

（4）What did the author most probably learn from his brother?

A. We should try our best to do everything well.

B. We should spread the kindness we have received.

C. Family members should always support each other.

D. Happiness comes from what we do to brighten others' life.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，作者参加学校的选举，自己的哥哥帮助了自己。尽管自己这次失败了，但他从他哥哥那里学到了幸福来自于我们所做的事情，能够照亮他人的生活。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“I had prepared a performance for the elec tion--a funny boxing match.”我为选举准备了一场表演——一场有趣的拳击比赛。由此推断出作者准备一场演出是为了增加他赢得选举的机会，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“And when my computer's disk burner (刻录机) went out at 6 in the morning, he spent a college student's week's worth of incomes to replace it.”当我的电脑的磁盘刻录机在早上6点熄火时，他花了一个大学生一周的收入来更换它。故选B。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“He knew because it was once important to him.”他知道，因为它曾经对他很重要。由此可知上文“Because he knew that out of all the other important things he could be doing, this was imperative to me.”意思是因为他知道，在他能做的所有其他重要事情中，这对我来是重要的。"imperative"的意思是重要的，故选A。（4）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“He knew how fun high school could be, and he wanted me to ha ve a great experience.”他知道高中是多么有趣，他想让我有一个很好的经历。由此推断出作者从他哥哥那里学到了幸福来自于我们所做的事情，能够照亮他人的生活。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

We were silently waiting on the platform in the late afternoon. There he was, my 80-year-old grandfather with his silvery hair. And there I was, a teenage girl in my jeans and T-shirt. His aged but still clear blue eyes were taking in the scene as I wondered how I was going to get through the next two days. Why did I ever agree to accompany my cranky grandpa on a train ride from New York to Georgia?

No one else wanted to be the fellow traveler since my grandfather refused to fly. In contrast, I loved to fly since I wanted to get to the destination as quickly as possible. No matter what anyone told my grandfather about the comfort and safety of flying, he refused to book a flight, saying, "It's not just the trip; it's the adventure of getting there."

With my first step onto the train, the journey was already different from what I expected. The train was modem and filled with friendly travelers. We settled into the club car, where we could enjoy food and drinks while watching the scenery pass. Instead of listening to my music, I became a willing audience and learned family history that I had never had the time or patience to learn. With teary eyes, he told me that going to family events was hard for him since my grandmother died. It always made him think about those who were no longer with us. For the first time I felt I understood him. I gained a new appreciation for our time together.

In this fast-paced world, we often miss important moments. There is great significance in listening to elders who offer a piece of their history and experience. I may be more open to opportunities to stay with my grandpa. Life isn't just about the destination; it's about the journey.（1）What does the underlined word "cranky" in paragraph 1 mean?

A. Health.

B. Strange.

C. Selfless.

D. Outgoing.

（2）What did the author think of the journey at first?

A. It would be boring.

B. She would learn something during it.

C. It would be a chance to know about her grandpa.

D. She would enjoy the beautiful scene during it.

（3）What made the author change her attitude towards staying with her grandpa?

A. Her grandpa's appreciation of her.

B. Her grandpa's missing her relatives.

C. The sad stories of her grandmother.

D. The new understanding of her grandpa.

（4）What can we learn from the text?

A. Listening to elders will help us learn a lot.

B. Caring for elders needs a lot of creativity.

C. There always is beautiful scenery along the journey.

D. Travelling by train is more comfortable than by plane.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过讲述自己和爷爷坐火车的经历，说明了聆听长者讲述他们的历史和经历，意义重大。

（1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“No one else wanted to be the fellow traveler since my grandfat her refused to fly.”自从我祖父拒绝坐飞机后，没有人愿意和我们一起旅行。由此可知，Why did I ever agree to accompany my cranky grandpa on a train ride from New York to Georgia?的意思是我为什么要答应陪我那奇怪的爷爷从纽约坐火车去乔治亚州呢？"cranky"的意思是奇怪的，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“His aged but still clear blue eyes were taking in the scene as I wondered how I was going to get through the next two days.”他那双苍老但依然清澈的蓝眼睛看着眼前的情景，我不知道接下来的两天该怎么过。由此推断出，起初，作者认为这次旅行非常无聊，故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。答案第三段中的“For the first time I felt I understood him. I gained a new appreciation for our time toge ther.”我第一次觉得我理解了他。我对我们在一起的时间有了新的认识。由此可知，她对她爷爷的新认识让作者改变了她和爷爷在一起的态度，故选D。（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“There is great significance in listening to elders who offer a piece of their history and experience.”聆听长者讲述他们的历史和经历，意义重大。可知，聆听长辈的话会帮助我们学到很多东西，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

Let us all raise a glass to AlphaGo and the advance of artificial intelligence. AlphaGo, DeepMind's Go-playing AI, just defeated the best Go-playing human, Lee Sedol. But as we drink

to its success, we should also begin trying to understand what it means for the future.

The number of possible moves in a game of Go is so huge that in order to win against a player like Lee. AlphaGo was designed to adopt a human—like style of gameplay by using a relatively recent development--deep learning. Deep learning uses large data sets," machine learning" algorithms （计算程序） and deep neural networks to teach the AI how to perform a particular set of tasks. Rather than programming complex Go rules and strategies into AlphaGo DeepMind designers taught AlphaGo to play the game by feeding it data based on typical Go moves. Then, AlphaGo played against itself, tirelessly learning from its own mistakes and improving its gameplay over time. The results speak for themselves.

Deep learning represents a shift in the relationship humans have with their technological creations. It results in AI that displays surprising and unpredictable behaviour. Commenting after his first loss, Lee described being shocked by an unconventional move he claimed no human would ever have made. Demis Hassabis, one of DeepMind's founders, echoed this comment:"We're very pleased that AlphaGo played some quite surprising and beautiful moves." Unpredictability and surprises are—or can be—a good thing. They can indicate that a system is working well, perhaps better than the humans that came before it. Such is the case with AlphaGo. However, unpredictability also indicates a loss of human control. That Hassabis is surprised at his creation's behaviour suggests a lack of control in the design. And though some loss of control might be fine in the context of a game such as Go, it raises urgent questions elsewhere.

How much and what kind of control should we give up to AI machines? How should we design appropriate human control into AI that requires us to give up some of that very control? Is there some AI that we should just not develop if it means any loss of human control? How much of a say should corporations, governments, experts or citizens have in these matters? These important questions, and many others like them, have emerged in response, but remain unanswered. They require human, not human - like, solutions.

So as we drink to the milestone in AI, let's also drink to the understanding that the time to answer deeply human questions about deep learning and AI is now.

（1）What contributes most to the unconventional move of AlphaGo in the game?

A.The capability of self-improvement.

B.The constant input of large data sets.

C.The installation of deep neutral networks.

D.The knowledge of Go rules and strategies.

（2）A potential danger of Al is _____.

A.the loss of human control

B.the friendly relationship

C.the fierce competition

D.the lack of challenge

（3）How should we deal with the unpredictability of AI?

A.We should stop AI machines from developing even further.

B.We should call on the government to solve these problems for us.

C.We should rely on ourselves and come up with effective solutions.

D.We should invent even more intelligent machines to solve everything.

（4）What's the author's attitude towards this remarkable advance in AI?

A.Supportive.

B.Optimistic.

C.Doubtful.

D.Cautious.

【答案】（1）A

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者结合人工智能AlphaGo战胜韩国棋手李世石的围棋比赛展开，阐述了AI的运作原理以及作者的思考。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Then，AlphaGo played against itself, tirelessly learning from its own mistakes and improving its gameplay over time. The results speak for themselves.”可知，AI的学习过程是通过不断和自己比赛，吸取经验获得自我提高，故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“However，unpredictability also indicates a loss of human control.”可知，不可预测性也表明失去了人类的控制，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“They require human，not human - like，solutions.”可知，他们需要人类，只有人类自己努力才最可能找出解决方案，故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“So as we drink to the milestone in AI, let's also drink to the understanding that the time to answer deeply human questions about deep learning and AI is now.”可知作者对于AI的先进性持谨慎态度，让时间来证明这一切。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

Our Museums, Galleries, and Zoo

19 world-class museums, galleries, and a zoo

The Smithsonian offers eleven museums and galleries on the National Mall and six other museums and the National Zoo in the greater National Capital Area. In New York City, we invite you to tour two museums in historic settings.

Not near a Smithsonian museum? Look for exhibitions and museums in your community. Here we have listed some places to visit:

Tips & Guidelines:

Stop at any Smithsonian museum information desk where friendly and knowledgeable staff and volunteers can assist you in planning your visit.

Service animals are welcome at the museums and the National Zoo. Pets are not permitted.

Lunches should be properly closed or stored in lockers during your visit.

（1）he Smithsonian offers all these EXCEPT .

A. galleries

B. concerts

C. museums

D. zoos

（2）If you are interested in animals, you can .

A. go to 1661 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC

B. go to 8th and F Streets, NW Washington, DC

C. visit the museum 11 a.m. on Christmas

D. visit the zoo at weekends on June 25

（3）To arrange your visit better, you can .

A. have lunch during your visit

B. take your pets along with you

C. ask the staff and volunteers for help

D. fill in an application form before your visit

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了史密森尼博物馆相关的信息以及游玩建议。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“The Smithsonian offers eleven museums and galleries on the National Mall and six other museums and the National Zoo in the greater National Capital Area”可知史密森尼博物馆（Smithsonian）在国家广场（National Mall）上设有11个博物馆和美术馆，在较大的国家首都辖区有6个博物馆和国家动物园（National Zoo）。没有提供音乐会。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据National Zoo所在的表格可知国家动物园的开放时间为三月15号到九月，每天的上午九点到下午六点；十月到来年的三月14号是每天上午九点到下午四点，12月25号不开。所以如果对动物感兴趣，游客可以在六月25号去游玩。故选D。（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“Stop at any Smithsonian museum information

desk where friendly and knowledgeable staff and volunteers can assist you in planning your visit.”可知史密森尼博物馆的信息问讯处有友好的并且知识渊博的员工及志愿者，他们可以帮助你为参观做计划。所以如果你想更好的参观这里，可以寻求职工和志愿者的帮助，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

Rumors (谣言): we've all heard some and we've all spread some. In more traditional times they shook entire families. Today, they travel differently because the way we share information has also changed.

The fact is that rumors have great potential to upset things, whether socially or personally. We don't enjoy being on the receiving end of one, since they usually don't have good intentions. They are somewhat veiled (掩饰的) messages.

Normally rumors are oral messages: word of mouth. The paradox (自相矛盾) is that there is no evidence to support rumors, but the more people share it, the more they see it as true. To finish explaining rumors, we think that they follow certain very clear laws. Secrecy: The source is unknown. There is also a proven phenomenon that human beings usually forget the source of a message before they forget its content. Certainty: We hardly question rumors simply because of the mental effort involved. On the other hand, no one likes to doubt a person who convinces us that the information they spread is true. Change: It acts like a tree. New rumors branch out to fill in the gaps left by the first rumor.

Another property (属性) of rumors is that they tend to become viral. Each receiver is at the same time a potential transmitter (传输者) of the information. The receiver often adds their own opinion. Their manner and tone of transmitting it also changes it.

How can we end rumors? The answer is as simple as it is impossible: preventing people from communicating. A more realistic response is equally difficult, although less than the first one. It is that we should be critical of the information we receive. We should ask ourselves if the source is reliable. Ask (if possible) the person you heard it from whether they also trust the information. We should also think about if the rumor benefits someone, and if that someone started the rumor.

One rumor to be especially cautious of is a rumor about groups relatively unable to defend themselves. That's why we say, "History is always told by the winners." The first payment the defeated must make is to accept the victor's version of the story.

（1）What can we learn about rumors?

A.We have all heard some and believed them.

B.We're happy to be the receiving end of them.

C.They may have negative influence on society.

D.They often hide good intentions in the messages.

（2）How are rumours like a tree?

A.Rumours keep changing, just as trees change their colour.

B.Rumours are deeply rooted in reality, like tree roots in the earth.

C.New rumours have gaps, like the space between tree branches.

D.New rumours grow out of the original, like branches out of a trunk.

（3）What does the underlined word 'viral' in Para 4 probably mean?

A.Something easily spread.

B.Something acceptable.

C.Something easily defended.

D.Something beneficial.

（4）Which of the following may the author agree with?

A.It is easy to prevent people from spreading rumors.

B.People are often active in judging the rumors critically.

C.We should think about the hidden message of the rumors.

D.Stories told by the victors are usually better worth trusting.

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了谣言的特点，分析了谣言存在的原因，并提出了如何终结谣言的解决方式。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“The fact is that rumors have great potential to upset things, whether socially or personally. ”无论是在社交方面还是个人层面，谣言都有可能使事情变得让人不安。可知，谣言可能会对社会产生负面影响。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“It acts like a tree. New rumors branch out to fill in the gaps left by the first rumor. ”谣言就像一棵树，新的谣言产生分支来填补第一个谣言留下的空白。可知，新的谣言是从原来的谣言中产生的，就像树干上的树枝。故选D。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“Each receiver is at the same time a potential transmitter (传输者) of the information.”每个接收者同时又是信息的潜在传输者。可推知，划线词所在句“Another property (属性) of rumors is that they tend to become viral. ”意为，谣言的另一个特点是它们往往会容易传播。同时结合选项翻译可知，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“It is that we should be critical of the i nformation we receive. We should ask ourselves if the source is reliable. Ask (if possible) the person you heard it from whether they also trust the information. ”我们应该问问自己消息来源是否可靠，询问你所听到的人，他们是否也相信这些信息。可知，我们应该思考谣言背后隐藏的信息。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。