美国文学史总结
Part I The Literature of Colonial America（殖民地时期的文学）
Chapter 1
→John Smith 约翰.史密斯
1. A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since
the First Planting of That Colony 《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》（1608）
2. A Map of Virginia with a Description of the Country 《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》
（1612）
3.The General History of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles 《弗吉尼亚通史》（1624）Chapter 2
→William Bradford （威廉.布拉德福德）
→Of Plymouth Plantation 《普利茅斯开发史》（1826）
→John Winthrop （约翰.温思罗普）
→The History of New England from 1630 to 1649 《新英格兰史》（1856）
Chapter 3
→John Cotton （约翰.科登）
→Roger Williams （罗杰.威廉姆斯）
→ A Key into the Language of America 《开启美国语言的钥匙》/《美国新英格兰地区土着居民语言指南》
Chapter 4
→Anne Bradstreet（安妮.布雷兹特里特）（女性作家）
→The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America 《在美洲诞生的第十位缪斯》
→Edward Taylor （爱德华.泰勒）（女性作家）
→Psalms 《诗篇》
Part II The Literature of Reason and Revolution（理性和革命时期文学）
Chapter 5
→Benjamin Franklin （本杰明.富兰克林）
1.Poor Richard ’s Almanac 《穷理查德年鉴》（1732-1758，1729年正式出版）
2.The Declaration of Independence 《独立宣言》（Franklin & Jefferson 杰弗逊）
3.The Autobiography 《自传》
4.Collect Works 《作品选集》
Chapter 6
→Thomas Paine （托马斯.佩因）
1.The Case of the Officers of the Excise 《收税官的案子》（1772）（his first pamphlet）
https://www.360docs.net/doc/6913775598.html,mon Sense 《常识》（1776）
3.The America Crisis 《美国危机》（1776-1883）（a series of sixteen pamphlets）（signed “Common
Sense” ）
4.Rights of Man 《人权》（I 1791年，II 1792年）
5.The Age of Reason 《理性时代》
6.Agrarian Justice 《土地公平》（his last important treatise 他最后一部重要着作）
Chapter 7
→Thomas Jefferson （托马斯.杰弗逊）
The Declaration of Independence 《独立宣言》（Benjamin Franklin & Jefferson 杰弗逊）（1776）Chapter 8
→Philip Freneau （菲利普.弗瑞诺）
1.The Power of Fancy 《想象的力量》（1770）
2.The House of Night 《英国囚船》（1781）
His earlier poems were collected in The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the
Late War
这些早期作品后来于1786年一起被收录在《战争后期弗洛诺主要诗歌集》中。
3.Miscellaneous Works 《札记》（1788）
4.The Wild Honey Sukle 《野忍冬花》
5.The Indian Burying Ground 《印第安人的坟地》
6.To a Caty-Did 《致凯提.迪德》
Part III Literature of Romanticism
Chapter 9
→Washington Irving （华盛顿.欧文）
1.The Sketch Book 《见闻札记》
2.Jonathan Oldstyle 《老古董乔纳森》/ 《乔纳森.欧尔德斯泰尔》
3. A History of New York 《纽约外史》（1809）
（by Diedrich Knickerbocker 所用笔名：迪德里奇.尼克博克）
4.Bracebridge Hall 《布雷斯布里奇庄园》（1822）
5.Tales of a Traveller 《旅行者故事》（1824）
6.Charles the Second 《查理二世》or The Merry Monarch 《快乐君主》（Washington Irving
&John Howard Payne华盛顿.欧文&约翰.霍华德.佩恩）
7. A History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus 《克里斯托弗.哥伦布生平及航海
历史》（1828）
8. A Chronic of the Conquest of Granada 《格拉纳达征服编年史》（1829）
9.Voyages and Discovery of the Companions of Columbus 《哥伦布同伴航海及发现》（1831）
10.The Alhambra 《阿尔罕伯拉》（1832）
11.Legends of the Conquest of Spain （in The Crayon Miscellany, 1835）《西班牙征服传说》（1832）
（收录在1835年的《见闻札记》）
12.A Tour on the Prairies 《草原游记》（1835）
13.Astoria 《阿斯托利亚》（1836）
14.The Adventures of Captain Bonneville 《博纳维尔船长历险记》（1837）
15.Life of Oliver Goldsmith 《奥利弗.戈尔德史密斯》
16.Life of Gorge Washington 《乔治.华盛顿传》
17.The Author’s Account of Himself 《作者自叙》
18.The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 《睡谷传奇》
Chapter 10
→James Fenimore Cooper （詹姆斯.芬尼莫.库珀）
1.The Spy 《间谍》（1821）
2.The Pilot 《领航者》（1823）
3.The Leatherstocking Tales 《皮袜子故事集》（1823-1841）{ 该故事集由5部小说组成，该
集子并不是按写作顺序来安排的，而是按事件发展的先后顺序重新编排，即：The
Deerslayer（《杀鹿者》）；The Last of the Mohicans《最后的莫希干人》；The Pathfinder《探路人》；The Pioneers《拓荒者》；The Prairie《大草原》}
Chapter 11
→William Cullen Bryant （威廉.卡伦.布莱恩特）
1.Thanatopsis《死亡思考/死之思考》（1817）
2.To a Waterfowl《致水鸟》（is perhaps the peak of his work 是其巅峰之作）
Chapter 12
→Edgar Allan Poe （埃德加.艾伦.坡）
1.MS. Found in a Bottle 《金瓶子城的方德先生》
2.The Fall of the House of Usher《鄂榭府崩溃记》
3.Tales Of the Grotesque and Arabesque《述异集》（1840）
4.The Raven《乌鸦》（1845）
5.To Helen《给海伦》
6.Annabel Lee《安娜贝尔.李》
Chapter 13
→Ralph Waldo Emerson（拉尔夫.沃尔多.爱默生）
1.Nature《论自然》（1836）
2.Two speeches（正真让他功成名就的是两次演讲）：The American Scholar《美国学者》（a
great statements 一篇优秀的论说文）& Divinity School Address《神学院致辞》
3.Poem《诗集》（1847）
4.Essay《随笔录》
5.Representative Men《代表》（1850）
6.English Traits《英国人》（1856）
7.Nature《论自然》
8.Self-Reliance《论自助》
Chapter 14
→Henry David Thoreau（亨利.戴维.梭罗）
1.Walden《沃尔登》（1854）
Chapter 15
→Nathaniel Hawthorne （纳撒尼尔.霍桑）
1.The House of the Seven Gables《七个尖角阁的房子》
2.Mosses from an Old Manse《古厦青苔》（1846）
3.The Scarlet Letter 《红字》（1850）
The Scarlet Letter is the introductory chapter of The Scarlet Letter. 《海关》是《红字》的前言。
4.The Blithedale Romance《睡谷传奇》（1852）
5.The Marble Faun《玉石神像》（1860）
6.Ethan Bland《伊桑.布兰德》
7.Young Goodman Brown《好小伙子布朗》
8.Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment《海德格博士的体验》
9.The Ambitious Guest《野心勃勃的客人》
10.The Great Stone《巨石脸》（allegorical stories寓言性小说）
Chapter 16
→Herman Melville （赫尔曼.麦尔维尔）
1.Moby-Dick《白鲸》
2.Typee《泰比》（1846）
3.Omoo《欧穆》（1847）
4.Redburn《雷德本》（1849）
5.White-Jacket《白外衣》（1850）
6.Billy Budd《比利.伯德》（1924）（short novel短篇小说）
7.Benito Cereno《班内托.西兰尼》（short novel短篇小说）
8.Mardi《玛地》
9.Pierre《皮埃尔》
10.Bartleby the Scrivener《书记员巴特贝》
Chapter 17
→Henry Wadsworth Longfellow （亨利.沃兹沃斯.朗费罗）
1. A Psalm of Life《人生礼赞》
2.The Slave’s Dream《奴隶的梦》
3.My Lost Youth《逝去的青春》
4.The Song of Hiawatha《海华沙的禁食》
5.Outre-Mer《海外游记》（1833-1835）
6.The Poets and Poetry of Europe《欧美诗人及诗歌》（1845）
7.Hyperion《许珀里翁》（1839）（prose散文）
8.The Wreck of the Hesperus《金星号遇难》
9. A Psalm of Life《人生礼赞》
10.Excelsior《精益求精》
11.The Village Blacksmith《乡村铁匠》
12.My Lost Youth《逝去的青春》
Part IV The Literature of Realism （现实主义文学）
Chapter 18
→Walt Whitman（沃尔特.惠特曼）
1.Leaves of Grass 《草叶集》（In the cluster of poems he called Leaves of Grass he gave America
its first genuine epic poem其《草叶集》以一系列诗歌成为美国文学史上第一部地道的史诗）
2.Song of Myself 《自己之歌》
3.I Sit and Look Out 《我坐在这眺望着》
4.Beat! Beat! Beat! 《敲呀！敲呀!敲呀！》
Chapter 19
→Emily Dickinson （艾米莉.狄金森）
1.I Taste a Liquor Never Brewed《我品尝未经酿造的饮料》
2.I Felt a Funeral, in My Brain《我感受了一场葬礼，在脑中》
3. A Bird Came Down the Walk《鸟儿沿着小径过来》
4.I Dead for Beauty—But Was Scarce《我为美而死》
5.I Heard a Fly Buzz—When I Died—《我听到苍蝇的嗡嗡声—在临死之前》
6.Because I Could Not Stop for Death《因为我不能停下来等候死神》
Chapter 20
→Harriet Beecher Stowe（哈丽雅特.比彻.斯托）女性作家
1.Uncle Tom’s Cabin《汤姆叔叔的小屋》or The Man That Was a Thing 《一个卑贱者的生活》
（as it was originally entitled 《一个卑贱者的生活》是它初始的冠名）
2. A Key to Uncle Tom’s Cabin《汤姆叔叔小屋题解》
3. A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp 《德雷德，阴暗大沼地的故事》
Chapter 21
→Mark Twin（马克.吐温）
1.The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County 《跳蛙》（1867）
2.Innocents Abroad《傻子出国记》（1869）
3.Roughing It《艰苦岁月》（1872）
4.The Gild Age《镀金时代》（1873）
5.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer《汤姆.索亚历险记》（1876）
6.Life on the Mississippi《密西西比河上的生活》（1883）
7.Adventures of Huckleberry Finn《哈克贝里.费恩历险记》（1884）
8.Pudd’nhead Wilson《傻瓜威尔逊》（1894）
9.The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg 《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》（1900）
10.What Is Man 《什么是人》（1906）
11.The Mysterious Stranger《神秘来客》（1916）
12.Autobiography《自传》（1907）
Chapter 22
→O. Henry（欧.亨利）
1.The Four Million《四百万》（Probably his best volume is The Four Million. 《四百万》可能是
他最好的小说集）
2.An Unfinished Story《未完成的故事》
3. A Retrieved Reformation《旧知》
4.The Gift of the Magi《麦琪的礼物》
5. A Municipal Report《市政报告》
6.Phoebe《月亮女神》
7. A Lickpenny Lover《吝啬爱人》
8.The Furnished Room
Chapter 23
→Henry James（亨利.詹姆斯）
1.Watch and Ward《观察和守护》（his first novel）
2.Roderick Hudson《罗德里克.赫德森》（1875）
3.The American《美国人》（1877）
4.Daisy Miller《黛西.米勒》（1878）
5.The Portrait of a Lady《一个贵妇人的画像》（1881）
6.The Bostonians《波士顿人》（1886）
7.The Princess Casamassima《卡萨玛西玛公主》（1886）
8.The Tragic Muse《悲惨的缪斯》（1890）
9.The Wings of the Dove《鸽翼》（1902）
10.The Ambassadors《大使》（1903）
11.The Golden Bowl《金碗》（1904）
Chapter 24
→Jack London（杰克.伦敦）
1. The People of the Abyss 《深渊中的人们》（1903）
2. The Iron Heel 《铁蹄》（1908）
3. The War of the Classes 《阶级的斗争》（1905）
4. Revolution 《革命》（1910）
5. The Call of the Wild 《荒野的呼唤》（1903
6. The Sea Wolf 《海狼》（
1904）
7.
The Son of the Wolf 《狼子》（1900）（his first collection of stories 他的第一本故事集）
8. White Fang 《白牙》（1906）
9. The Law of Life 《生活的法则》
10. Martin Eden 《马丁.伊登》
Chapter 25
→ Theodore Dreiser （西奥多.德莱塞s è）
1. Sister Carrie 《嘉莉妹妹》（1900）
2. Nigger Jeff 《尼吉尔.杰夫》
3. Butcher Bogaum ’s Daughter 《巴塞尔.洛格劳的女儿》
4.
Jannie Gerhardt 《珍妮姑娘》（1911）（that marked his turn to writing as a full-time career 这本作品是他走上专职作家创作道路的标志）
5. The Financier 《金融家》（1912
6. The Tian 《巨人》（1914）
7. The Stoic 《斯多葛》（1947）
8. The “Genius ” 《天才》（1915）
9. An American Tragedy 《美国悲剧》（1925）（Dreiser ’s greatest and most successful novel 德
莱塞最为辉煌、最为成功的小说）
10. Dreiser Looks at Russia 《德莱塞访苏印象记》（1927）
Part V Twentieth-Century Literature （二十世纪文学）
Chapter 26
→ Ezra Pound （埃兹拉.庞德）
1. Waste Land 《荒原》（1922）
2. Homage to Sextus Propertius 《向赛克斯图.普罗佩提多斯致敬》
3. Personae 《人物》或《人格面具》（a volume 诗集）
4. The Cantos 《诗章》（1917）The Pisan Canto 《比萨诗章》（1948）Rock-Dill 《石锯》（1955）
5. A Virginal 《处女无暇》
6. Salutation the Second 《再次致意》
7. A Pact 《合同》
8. In a Station of the Metro 《在地铁车站》
9. The River-Merchant ’s Wife: A Letter 《长干行》
Chapter 27
→ Edwin Arlington Robinson （埃德温.阿林顿.杰克逊）
1. The House on the Hill 《山上的古屋》
2. Richard Cory 《查理.珂理》
3. Miniver Cheevy 《米尼弗.
4. Tilbury Town
5. Captain Craig 《克雷格舰长》（1904）
6.Merlin《默林》
https://www.360docs.net/doc/6913775598.html,ncelot《兰斯洛特》
8.Tristram《特拉斯特拉姆》
Chapter 28
→Robert Froster（罗伯特.弗洛斯特）
1. A Boy’s Will《少年的心愿》（1913）
2.North of Boston《波士顿以北》（1914）
3.Mountain Interval《山间洼地》（1916）
4.New Hampshire《新罕布什尔》（1923）
5.West-Running Brook《西流的溪涧》（1928）
6. A Further Range《又一片牧场》（1936）
7. A Witness Trees《见证树》（1942）
8.Steeple Bush《绒毛绣线菊》（1947）
9.In the Clearing《空旷地》（1962）
10.After Apple-Picking《摘苹果之后》
11.The Road Not Taken《没有走的路》
12.Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening《雪夜林边小立》
13.Departmental《职责分明，各管各的》
14.Design《天意》
15.The Most of It《它至多是》
Chapter 29
→Carl Sandburg（卡尔.桑德堡）
1.Chicago《芝加哥》（1914）
2.Chicago Poem《芝加哥诗集》（1916）
3.Cornhuskers《剥玉米的人》（1918）
4.Smoke and Steel《烟与钢》（1920）
5.Slabs of the Sunburnt West《大峡谷石壁夕照》（1922）
6.Cool Tombs《冰冷的墓》
7.Flash Crimson《闪烁的深红》
8.The American Songbag《美国歌谣汇编》（1927）
9.The People, Yes《人民，是的》（1936）
10.Rootabaga Stories《路特拜故事集》
11.Steichen the Photographer《摄影家斯泰肯》（1929）
12.Marry Lincoln《玛丽.林肯》（1932）
13.Abraham Lincoln《阿伯拉罕.林肯》（His major works in prose他的散文代表作）
It begin with two-volume The Prairie Year（1926）culminating in The War Years（1939）该书开头部分是1926年出版的两卷本《大草原岁月》，高潮部分则是1939年出版的四卷本《战争岁月》
14.The Prairie Year《大草原岁月》（1926）
15.The War Years《战争岁月》（1939）（won the Pulitzer Prize in 1940）
16.The Harbor《港湾》
17.Fog《雾》
18.Cool Tombs 《冰冷的墓》
19.Flash Crimson《闪烁的深红》
20.The People, Yes《人民，是的》
Chapter 30
→Wallace Stevens（华莱士.斯蒂文斯）
1.Harmonium《风琴》（1923）
2.Ideas of Order《关于秩序的思想》（1935）
3.The Man with the Blue Guitar《带蓝吉他的人》（1937）
4.Parts of a World《世界的各个部分》（1942）
5.Transport to Summer《入夏》（1947）
6.The Auroras of Autumn《秋天的曙光》（1950）
7.The Necessary Angle《必要的天使》（1951）
8.Collected Poem《诗歌合集》（1954）
9.Opus Posthumous《遗着》（1957）
10.Letters《书信集》（1966）
11.Sunday Morning《星期日早晨》
12.Peter Quince the Clavier《彼得.昆士弹琴》
13.Anecdote of the Jar《坛子的轶事》
14.The Emperor of Ice-Cream《冰淇淋皇帝》
Chapter 31
→T. S. Eliot（托马斯.斯特恩斯.艾略特）
1.Prufrock and Other Observations《普鲁弗洛克及其他一些观察》（his first book of poems）
2.Gerontion《小老头》
3.The Sacred Wood《圣林》（1920）
4.Traditional and the Individual Talent《传统与个人天才》
5.The Waste Land《荒原》（1922）
6.The Hollow Men《空心人》（1925）
7.Ash-Wednesday《圣灰星期三》（1930）
8.Four Quartets《四个四重奏》（1936-1942；1943）
9.Homage to John Dryden《向德莱顿致敬》（1924）
10.For Lancelot Andrewes《致兰斯洛特.安德鲁斯》（1928）
11.Sweeney Agonistes《斯威尼的论战》
12.Marina《玛丽娜》（1930）
Chapter 32
Chapter 33
Chapter 34
Chapter 35
美国文学史-知识点梳理
Part I The Literature of Colonial America I．Historical Introduction The colonial period stretched roughly from the settlement of America in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th. The first permanent settlement in America was established by English in 1607. ( A group of people was sent by the English King James I to hunt for gold. They arrived at Virginia in 1607. They named the James River and build the James town.) II．The pre-revolutionary writing in the colonies was essentially of two kinds: 1) Practical matter-of-fact accounts of farming, hunting, travel, etc. designed to inform people "at home" what life was like in the new world, and, often, to induce their immigration 2) Highly theoretical, generally polemical, discussions of religious questions. III．The First American Writer The first writings that we call American were the narratives and journals of these settlements. They wrote about their voyage to the new land, their lives in the new land, their dealings with Indians. Captain John Smith is the first American writer. A True Relation of such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony (1608) A Map of Virginia: A Description of the Country (1612) General History of Virgini a (1624): the Indian princess Pocahontas Captain John Smith was one of the first early 17th-century British settlers in North America. He was one of the founders of the colony of Jamestown, Virginia. His writings about North America became the source of information about the New World for later settlers. One of the things he wrote about that has become an American legend was his capture by the Indians and his rescue by the famous Indian Princess, Pocahontas. IV．Early New England Literature William Bradford and John Winthrop John Cotton and Roger Williams Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor V．Puritan Thoughts 1. The origin of puritan In the mediaeval Europe, there was widespread religious revolution. In the 16th Century, the English King Henry VIII (At that time, the Catholics were not allowed to divorce unless they have the Pope's permission. Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife because she couldn't bear him a son. But the Pope didn't allow him to divorce, so he) broke away from the Roman Catholic Church & established the Church of
美国文学史总结
ⅠColonial America(17th century)殖民主义时期文学 1.In 1492, Christopher Columbus discovered America and he mistook the native people on the new continent for Indians. Character of colonial literature: a.content: religious, political b.form: diary, journal, letters, travel books, sermons, history (personal literature) c.Style: simple. direct, concise d.out of humble origins Early in the 17th century, the English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts began the main stream of what we recognize as the American national history. The earliest settlers in America included Dutch, Swedes, Germans, French, Spaniards, Italians and Portuguese. The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607(北美弗吉尼亚詹姆斯顿) 2.Captain Town Smith, the first American writer 3.Puritan Thoughts: hard work, thrift(节俭), piety(虔诚), sobriety(节制), 这些也成了早期 美国作品主导思想. 典型的清教徒：John Cotton & Roger William, John Cotton was called “the Patriarch of New England(新英格兰教父)” 清教徒采用的文学体裁：narratives(日记) and journals(游记) 清教徒在美国的写作内容： 1）Their voyage to the new land 2）Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops 3）About dealing with Indians 4）Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit 4.Private literature: theological, moral, historical, political 5.The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry. Anne Bradstreet is one of the most interesting of the early poets, 英国最早移民到美国的诗人. The best of the Puritan poets was Edward Taylor. ⅡReason and Revolution(18th century)理性和革命时期文学 1.The War for Independence (1776-1783) ended in the formation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic - the United States of America. 2.Bourgeois Enlightenment 3.Benjamin Franklin: Poor Richard’s Almanac(穷人理查德的年鉴), an annual collection of proverbs. The Autobiography, 18世纪美国唯一流传至今的自传 ?The Autobiography is, first of all, a Puritan document. It is Puritan because it is a record of self-examination and self-improvement. The Puritans, as a type, were very much given to self-analysis. ?The Autobiography shows Franklin was spokesman for the new order of 18th-century Enlightenment, and that he represented in America all its ideas, that man is basically good and free, by nature endowed by God with certain inalienable rights of liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
美国文学史及选读复习重点
Captain John Smith (first American writer). Anne Bradstreet；The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America （colonists living） Edward Taylor(the best puritan poet) John Cotton ”the Patriarch of New England” teacher spiritual leader Benjamin Franklin The Autobiography Poor Richard’s Almanack Thomas Jefferson： Political Career Thoughts The Declaration of Independence we hold truth to be self-evidence Philip Freneau“Father of American Poetry” The Wild Honey Suckle American Romanticism optimism and hope Nationalism Washington Irving“Father of American Literature short story”The first “Pure Writer” A History of New York The Sketch Book marked the beginning of American Romanticism! “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”Rip Van Winkle James Fenimore Cooper Father of American sea and frontier novels Leather stocking Tales The Last of the Mohicans The Pioneers The Prairie The Pathfinder The Deerslayer Edgar Allan Poe father of detective story and horror fiction Tales of the Grotesque and the Arabesque “MS. Found in a Bottle” “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” “The Fall of the House of Usher”“The Masque of the Red Death”“The
(完整版)美国文学史复习资料
美国文学史复习1（colonialism) 第一部分殖民主义时期的文学 一、时期综述 1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记b、journals 游记 2、清教徒在美国的写作内容： 1）their voyage to the new land 2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops 3) About dealing with Indians 4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit 3、清教徒的思想： 1）puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式 2) Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位 3）look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God's will and is not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝 4）puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步5）religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。 4、典型的清教徒：John Cotton & Roger William 他们的不同：John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy; William begins the history of religious toleration in America. 5、William的宗教观点：Toleration did not stem from a lack of religious convictions. Instead, it sprang from the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on others. He also felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with God. 行为上的德，信仰上的诚，并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。 6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet 7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the best of Puritan poets is Edward Tayor. 学习指南： 1、Could you give a description of American Puritans? 关于美国清教徒的描绘 Like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the church should be restored to the "purity" of the first-century church as established by Jesus Christ himself. To them religion was a matter of primary importance. They made it their chief business to see that man lived and thought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God, all that John Calvin, the great French theologian who lived in Geneva had preached. It was this kind of religious belief that they brought with them into the wildness. There they meaant to prove that were God's chosen people enjoying his blessings on this earth as in Heaven. 2、Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing. 3、The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet & Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry. 4、The earliest settlers included Dutch, Swedes, Germans, French, Spaniards Italian, and Portuguese. 美国文学史复习2（reasoning and revolution) (2009-01-17 15:54:25) 一、美国的性质： The war for Independence ended in the formation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic - the United States of America. 联邦的资产阶级民主共和国--美利坚合众国。 二、代表作家： 1、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林1706-1790 1）"Poor Richard's Almanac" 穷人查理德的年鉴annual collection of proverbs 流行谚语集 It soon became the most popular book of its kind, largely because of Franklin's shrewd humor, and first spread his reputation 2) Founded the Junto, a club for informal discussion of scientific, economic and political ideas. 建立了一个秘密俱乐部，讨论的主题是政治、经济和科学等时事方面的问题 3）established America's first circulating library, founded the college--University of Pennsylvania. 建立了美国第一个可租借的图书馆，还创办了一所大学——就是现在的宾夕法尼亚大学。 4）first applied the terms "positive" and "negative" to electrical charges. 5)As a representative of the Colonies, he tried in vain to counsel the British toward policies that would let America grow and flourish in association with England. He conducted the difficulty negotiations with France that brought financial and military support for America in the war. 作为殖民地的代表，他不断建议英国改变政策，使美国可以和英国一起发展、繁荣。他说服法国支持美国的独立战争。 6）As an author he had power of expression, simplicity, a subtle humor, sarcastic.作为作家具有非凡的才能，表达简洁明了，幽默，讽刺天才、 7）The Way to Wealth致富之道The Autobiography自传18世纪美国唯一流传至今的自传
美国文学史笔记
文学史笔记： 一、Early American and colonial period (1607-1765) (religious conflicts Catholism vs.Puritanism) 1.Puritanism: 1.) Simply speaking , American Puritanism just refers to the spirit and ideal of puritans,who settled in the North American continent in the early part of the seventeenth century because of religious persecutions.In content it means scrupulous ,moral rigor ,especially hostility to social pleasures and indulgences,that is strictness,sternness and austerity in conduct and religion. 2.)with time passing it became a dominant factor in American life , one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and literature .To some extent it is a state of mind , a part of the national cultural atmosphere that the American breathes ,rather than a set of tenets. 3.）Actually it is a code of values , a philosophy of life and a point of view in American minds , also a two-faceted tradition of religious idealism and level -headed in common sense . 2.The main features of this period 1).American literature grew out of humble origins. Diaries, histories, journals, letters, commonplace books, travel books, sermons, in short, personal literature in its various forms, occupy a major position in the literature of the early colonial period.
美国文学史期末总结
美国文学史美国文学
全书的焦点集中于南太平洋一条名叫莫比·迪克的白鲸,以及捕鲸船皮廓德(Pequod)号的船长阿哈(Ahab)如何对它有不共戴天的仇恨.阿哈在一次航行中被莫比·迪克咬掉一条腿,立志报仇,指挥皮廓德号环航全球追踪,终于发现了它.经过三天放下小艇紧追.虽然刺中了这条白鲸,但它十分顽强狡猾,咬碎了小艇,也撞沉了大船.它拖着捕鲸船游开时,绳子套住阿哈,把他绞死了.全船人尽皆灭顶.只有一个水手借着由棺材改制的救生浮子而逃得性命.整个故事以这个水手伊希梅尔(Ishmael)自述的方式展开. The book focuses on a whale named Moby Dick lived in south pacific and the captain of whaler Pequod—Ahab. Ahab was once bite by Moby Dick and lost a leg, determined to revenge,he commanded whaler pequod do global tracking, and finally found it. After three days of hot pursuit with the skiff,while they stabbed this white whale, but it was very tenacious and cunning, eventually chewed the skiff, also sank the ship. It dragged whaler swimming away, the rope was around Ahab, he was hanged. Almost all of people on the boat drowned, only a sailor called Ishmael survived .
美国文学史及选读考研复习笔记6.
History And Anthology of American Literature （6） 附：作者及作品 一、殖民主义时期The Literature of Colonial America 1．船长约翰·史密斯Captain John Smith 《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》 “A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony” 《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》 “A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country” 《弗吉尼亚通史》“General History of Virginia” 2．威廉·布拉德福德William Bradford 《普利茅斯开发历史》“The History of Plymouth Plantation”3．约翰·温思罗普John Winthrop 《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England” 4．罗杰·威廉姆斯Roger Williams 《开启美国语言的钥匙》”A Key into the Language of America” 或叫《美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南》 Or “A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England ” 5．安妮·布莱德斯特Anne Bradstreet 《在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯》 ”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America” 二、理性和革命时期文学The Literature of Reason and Revolution 1。本杰明·富兰克林Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) ※《自传》“ The Autobiography ” 《穷人理查德的年鉴》“Poor Richard’s Almanac” 2。托马斯·佩因Thomas Paine (1737-1809) ※《美国危机》“The American Crisis” 《收税官的案子》“The Case of the Officers of the Excise”《常识》“Common Sense” 《人权》“Rights of Man” 《理性的时代》“The Age of Reason” 《土地公平》“Agrarian Justice” 3。托马斯·杰弗逊Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) ※《独立宣言》“The Declaration of I ndependence” 4。菲利浦·弗瑞诺Philip Freneau (1752-1832) ※《野忍冬花》“The Wild Honey Suckle” ※《印第安人的坟地》“The Indian Burying Ground” ※《致凯提·迪德》“To a Caty-Did” 《想象的力量》“The Power of Fancy” 《夜屋》“The House of Night” 《英国囚船》“The British Prison Ship” 《战争后期弗瑞诺主要诗歌集》 “The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the Late War” 《札记》“Miscellaneous Works” 三、浪漫主义文学The Literature of Romanticism 1。华盛顿·欧文Washington Irving (1783-1859) ※《作者自叙》“The Author’s Account of Himself” ※《睡谷传奇》“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” 《见闻札记》“Sketch Book” 《乔纳森·欧尔德斯泰尔》“Jonathan Oldstyle” 《纽约外史》“A History of New York” 《布雷斯布里奇庄园》“Bracebridge Hall” 《旅行者故事》“Tales of Traveller” 《查理二世》或《快乐君主》“Charles the Second” Or “The Merry Monarch” 《克里斯托弗·哥伦布生平及航海历史》 “A History of the Life and V oyages of Christopher Columbus” 《格拉纳达征服编年史》”A Chronicle of the Conquest of Grandada” 《哥伦布同伴航海及发现》 ”V oyages and Discoveries of the Companions of Columbus” 《阿尔罕布拉》“Alhambra” 《西班牙征服传说》“Legends of the Conquest of Spain” 《草原游记》“A Tour on the Prairies” 《阿斯托里亚》“Astoria” 《博纳维尔船长历险记》“The Adventures of Captain Bonneville” 《奥立弗·戈尔德史密斯》”Life of Oliver Goldsmith” 《乔治·华盛顿传》“Life of George Washington” 2．詹姆斯·芬尼莫·库珀James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851) ※《最后的莫希干人》“The Last of the Mohicans” 《间谍》“The Spy” 《领航者》“The Pilot” 《美国海军》“U.S. Navy” 《皮袜子故事集》“Leather Stocking Tales” 包括《杀鹿者》、《探路人》”The Deerslayer”, ”The Pathfinder” 《最后的莫希干人》“The Last of the Mohicans” 《拓荒者》、《大草原》“The Pioneers”, “The Praire” 3。威廉·卡伦·布莱恩特William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878) ※《死之思考》“Thanatopsis” ※《致水鸟》“To a Waterfowl” 4。埃德加·阿伦·坡Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) ※《给海伦》“To Helen” ※《乌鸦》“The Raven” ※《安娜贝尔·李》“Annabel Lee” ※《鄂榭府崩溃记》“The Fall of the House of Usher” 《金瓶子城的方德先生》“Ms. Found in a Bottle” 《述异集》“Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque” 5。拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) ※《论自然》“Nature” ※《论自助》“Self-Reliance” 《美国学者》“The American Scholar” 《神学院致辞》“The Divinity School Address” 《随笔集》“Essays” 《代表》“Representative Men” 《英国人》“English Traits” 《诗集》“Poems” 6。亨利·戴维·梭罗Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) ※《沃尔登我生活的地方我为何生活》 1
美国文学史作品作家汇总 全
美国文学史作品作家汇总 美国文学 Part 1. Colonial America Thomas Paine托马斯?潘恩1737-1809 The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利：Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代 Philip Freneau菲利普?弗伦诺1752-1832 The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle 野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地 .Jonathan Edwards The Freedom of the Will 论意志自由The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended论原罪The Nature of True Virtue论真是德行的本原 Benjamin Franklin本杰明?富兰克林1706-1790 A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money; Poor Richard’s Almanac穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth致富之道；The Autobiography自传 Part 2. American Romanticism Washington Irving华盛顿?欧文1783-1859 A History of New York纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；Brace bridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄；Talks of Travelers旅客谈；The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉 Jamie Fennimore Cooper詹姆斯?费尼莫尔?库珀1789-1851 The Spy间谍;The Pilot领航者;The Little page Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿;Leather stocking Tales皮裹腿故事集:The Pioneer拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人;The Prairie大草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deer slayer杀鹿者 Part 3.New England Transcendentalism Ralf Waldo Emerson拉尔夫?沃尔多?爱默生1803-1882 Essays散文集:Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;The American Scholar 论美国学者;Divinity; The Over soul论超灵;Self-reliance论自立;The Transcendentalist超验主义者;Representative Men代表人物;English Traits 英国人的特征;School Address神学院演说 Concord Hymn康考德颂;The Rhoda杜鹃花;The Humble Bee野蜂;Days日
美国文学史名词解释
1.American Puritanism清教 2.It comes from the American puritans, who were the first immigrants moved to American continent in the 17th century. Original sin, predestination（预言）and salvation（拯救）were the basic ideas of American Puritanism. And, hard-working, piousness（虔诚,尽职），thrift and sobriety（清醒）were praised. Characteristics: 特点 1. Idealistic: Puritans pursue the purity and simplicity in worship. They focuse the glory of God, and the angry believe in the doctrine of destiny, original sin, limited atonement 2. Practical: Puritans come to Amrican to do business and make profits with the desire of chasing wealth and status. They have to struggle for survival under the severity of the western frontier. 3 .The struggle between the spiritual and the material is the basics of the Puritan mind. On the one hand, Puritans chase the purity of the early the other hand, they come to America to earn money. This contradictory will be reflected by their thoughts. 4. In a word, it rests on purity, ambition, harding work, and an intense struggling for success. Romanticism浪漫主义: the literature term was first applied to the writers of the 18th century in Europe who broke away from the formal rules of classical writing. When it was used in American literature it referred to the writers of the middle of the 19th century who stimulated（刺激）the sentimental emotions of their readers. They wrote of the mysterious of life, love, birth and death. The Romantic writers expressed themselves freely and without restraint. They wrote all kinds of materials, poetry, essays, plays, fictions, history, works of travel, and biography. Transcendentalism先验说,超越论: is a philosophic and literary movement that flourished in New England, particular at Concord, as a reaction against Rationalism and Calvinism (理性主义and喀尔文主义). Mainly it stressed intuitive understanding of God, without the help of the church, and advocated independence of the mind. The representative writers are Emerson and Thoreau. American Realism现实主义: In American literature, the Civil War brought the Romantic Period to an end. The Age of Realism came into existence. It came as a reaction against the lie of romanticism and sentimentalism. Realism turned from an emphasis on the strange toward a faithful rendering of the ordinary, a slice of life as it is really lived. It expresses the concern for commonplace and the low, and it offers an objective rather than an idealistic view of human nature and human experience Local colorism乡土文学: as a trend became dominant in American literature in the 1860s and early 1870s，it is defined by Hamlin Garland as having such quality of texture and background that it could not have been written in any other place or by anyone else than a native stories of local colorism have a quality of circumstantial(详细的) authenticity(确实性), as local colorists tried to immortalize(使不朽) the distinctive natural, social and linguistic features. It is characteristic of vernacular(本国语) language and satirical(讽刺的) humor Naturalism自然主义: American naturalism was a new and harsher realism. American naturalism had been shaped by the war; by the social upheavals（剧变）that undermined the comforting faith of an earlier age. America’s literary naturalists dismissed the validity of comforting moral truths. They attempted to achieve extreme objectivity and frankness, presenting characters of low social and economic classes who were determined by their environment and heredity. Although naturalist literature described the world with sometimes brutal realism, it sometimes also aimed at bettering the world through social reform. Stream of consciousness意识流：It is one of the modern literary techniques. It is the style of writing that attempts to imitate the natural flow of a character’s thoughts, feelings, reflections, memories, and mental images as the character experiences them. It was first used in 1922 by the Irish novelist James Joyce. Those novels broke