专业英语四级阅读 试卷155

专业英语四级（阅读）-试卷155

(总分：30.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、 READING COMPREHENSION(总题数：11，分数：30.00)

1.PART V READING COMPREHENSION

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解析：

2.SECTION AIn this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions.

For each question, there are four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the

one that you think is the best answer.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

解析：

Nearly 60 million visitors flock to the 384 national parks across America every year. And you

won't have to wander far from home to enjoy one of these national treasures, with Michigan's Isle Royale National Park nearby. Located 56 miles from Houghton and Copper Harbor on Michigan's Upper Peninsula or 22 miles from Grand Portage, Minnesota, the park remains a wilderness haven that

can only be reached by tour boat. With the exception of the Rock Harbor Lodge, which offers both rooms with private baths and more modest accommodations in the form of small cottages, the 572,

000 acres that make up the 45-mile-long park are rough and untamed, threaded with hiking trails

that lead to tents-only campsites. In other words, it's wilderness the way it used to be. You're likely to see a moose wading through mist-covered ponds at dawn in search of breakfast, gaze

open-mouthed as bald eagles and osprey snag fish from Lake Superior, hear the sharp clap of a beaver slapping its tail on the water, or the lulling conversation of loons at sunset. If you're especially lucky, you might even glimpse one of Isle Royale's gray wolves, hunted nearly to extinction on the mainland. They're very shy, however, so it's more likely that you'll only hear their eerie howl. Plenty of hiking trails open the area to exploration. At the park's information center, you can find out about ranger-led interpretative hikes and walks that explain the delicate history of the island. Kids especially love learning how to examine an animal's droppings to figure out its most recent meal. The Stoll Trail, a four-mile loop, winds through spruce and birch trees and offers a tour of the island's history, including prehistoric Indian copper mines. It leads

to scenic Scoville Point—a perfect picnic spot surrounded on three sides by the sparkling waters of Lake Superior. You can also rent a canoe at the Rock Island Marina and paddle down the shore

to the Rock Harbor Lighthouse, an 1855 jewel, and the Edisen Fishery. Once a thriving business,

the fishery today is manned by park service employees who use nets to demonstrate how lake trout, whitefish, and herring used to be caught from island waters. Their catch ends up on the dinner menu at the Rock Harbor Lodge. You can explore farther afield on ranger-guided day cruises aboard the park's MV Sandy, or hop on—and off—the Voyageur II on its daily circumnavigation of the island. Reservations are essential and can be made at the information center. Another essential

for any visit to Isle Royale is insect repellent. All those boreal bogs, beaver ponds and streams, generously replenished by heavy spring rains, create ideal conditions for breeding bugs. Mosquitoes and black flies—one ranger described them as little but all teeth — are at their

worst in June and early July. As the weather warms up and the island dries out, horse flies and

deer flies—the delta-winged B-1 bomber of the insect world—replace them. Come prepared to

protect yourself: Usually a combination of head nets, bite-proof clothing and plenty of bug spray

does the trick, which are available at the information center. The park is open from mid-April

through October; Rock Harbor Lodge is open from Memorial Day weekend until just after Labor Day.（分数：6.00）

）2.00（分数：(1).What can we infer from the second paragraph?．

A.The park is totally uncivilized by humans.

B.We can drive personal boats to the park.

C.The wolves nearly die out in this park.

D.The number of wolves is smaller than that of mooses. √

解析：解析：文章第二段第四句中的You're likely与第五句中的you're especially lucky形成对比，说明moose比wolves更容易见到，也就是说狼的数量要少于驼鹿，故[D]正确。本段第二句提到，除了岩港旅馆这个地方，其他地方并未开发，可知[A]错误；本段首句提及这个公园是原始的，只有游览船才能到达，可以看出是不允许私自驾船前往的，故[B]错误；本段倒数第二句提到，灰狼在陆地上已几近灭绝，而并非指在这个岛屿上，故排除[C]。

(2).Which of the following can NOT be done at the information center?（分数：2.00）

A.Making yourselves free from being bitten by insects.

B.Booking your hotels for travelling. √

C.Learning some knowledge of this park.

D.Enabling yourselves to explore farther with ranger.

解析：解析：倒数第三段末句提到，在the information center提前预订是非常必要的，此句很容易被误解为可以在此预订房间，通过上文可知，需要预订的是和国家公园管理员一起进行日间游览或者乘坐旅行者二号进行环岛周游，故[B]正确。倒数第二段提到，岛上蚊蝇肆虐，所以需要一些装备保护游客免受叮咬，最后一句就提到信息中心提供这些装备，可排除[A]；从第三段第二句中可以看出，在信息中心可以学到该岛的相关历史知识，故排除[C]；根据倒数第三段第一句可知，[D]符合文意，故排除。

(3).About the park, which of the following is INCORRECT?（分数：2.00）

A.It rains a lot during spring.

B.Cars can not be used in it.

C.Some Indians lived there in the past.

D.It is open all around the year. √

解析：解析：从文章最后一段可以看出，公园从四月中旬到十月间开放，而并非全年开放，故选[D]。倒数第二段第二句提到．春季的大雨给蚊虫滋生造就了理想的生存环境，可以看出公园春季雨水充足，可排除[A]；第二段提到，只能通过游览船到这个未开化的岛，而且文中提到的交通方式也只有步行和划船，因此判定汽车不能在此使用，故排除[B]；第三段倒数第二句谈到了史前印第安的铜矿藏情况，可以看出过去印第安人在此生活过，故排除[C]。

Yousuf Karsh, the Canadian portrait artist who photographed many of the most influential figures

of the 20th century, died in a Boston hospital on July 13, 2002, after complications following surgery. He was 93. Working from a studio in Ottawa, Karsh produced famous portraits of such

subjects as Winston Churchill, John F. Kennedy, Nikita Khrushchev, Fidel Castro, Ernest Hemingway

and Albert Einstein. Actually he has become almost as famous as his legendary subjects. In the

latest edition of Who's Who, which listed the most notable people of the last century, Karsh was

the only Canadian of the 100 famous people listed—51 of whom Karsh had photographed. Karsh was

praised as a master portraitist, often working in black and white, influenced by great painters

of the past. He was famous for talking to his subjects as he was getting the shot's composition

just right, asking them questions and putting them at ease. He confesses that he continues to

feel more challenged when portraying true greatness adequately with my camera. In preparation,

he reads as much as he can about the person before the sitting, but avoids having a preconceived

idea of how he would photograph the subject. Rather he seeks, as he wrote in Karsh Portfolio in

1967, to capture the essential element which has made them great, explaining, All I know is

that within every man and woman a secret is hidden, and as a photographer it is my task to reveal

it if I can. In that fleeting interval of opportunity the photographer must act or lose his prize.

Yousuf Karsh was born in Armenia in 1908 and grew up under the horrors of the Armenian massacres.

His photographer uncle, George Nakash, brought him to Canada in 1924 and sent him to Boston in

1928 to apprentice with John Garo, an outstanding photographer. He not only taught Karsh the

technical processes used by photographic artists of the period but also prepared him to think

for himself and evolve his own distinctive interpretations. Four years later, he set up his studio

in Ottawa. In December of 1941 , his memorable portrait of a glowering, defiant Winston Churchill, which symbolized Britain's indomitable wartime courage, brought Karsh into international

prominence. Canada's Prime Minister Mackenzie King arranged for Karsh to photograph Churchill

following Churchill's speech in the House of Commons. Not forewarned, Churchill lit up a cigar

and growled, Why was I not told of this? but consented to a brief session. Karsh asked him to

remove the cigar and, when he didn't, stepped forward and gently removed it with the comment,

Forgive me, Sir. Churchill glowered as the shot was taken, then permitted Karsh to take still

another, jokingly commenting, You can even make a roaring lion stand still to be photographed.

The Churchill portrait has since appeared in publications and on commemorative stamps all over

the world. Karsh traveled to London in 1943 with his portable studio—an 8x10 view camera and

many studio lamps to photograph such notables as George E3ernard Shaw, the Archbi-shop of

Canterbury, and the royal family. All these portraits illustrate Karsh's ability to capture the essence of his sitter.（分数：6.00）

(1).According to the passage, Yousuf Karsh is a(n)______（分数：2.00）

A.American

B.Canadian √

C.British

D.Armenian

解析：解析：细节题。根据文章首段第一句Yousuf Karsh，the Canadian portrait artist who photographed many ofthe most influential figures of the 20th century…可知，[B]是正确答案。

(2).What did Karsh pursue most in working?（分数：2.00）

A.To capture the essence and greatness of the character. √

B.To capture the fleeting expression of the sitter.

C.To make the picture colorful and expressive.

D.To reveal the defects of the sitter.

解析：解析：推理题。本文第三段介绍了卡什对摄影艺术的理解和追求，从该段第五句Rather he seeks，ashe wrote in Karsh Portfolio in 1967，to capture the“essential element which has made them

great”…可以看出，他认为摄影最重要的是捕捉使人物杰出的性格本质，所以[A]是正确答案。

(3).All of the following about Karsh are mentioned in the passage EXCEPT that______.（分数：2.00）

A.he was born in Armenia and died in Boston

B.his uncle, George Nakash, was also a famous photographer √

C.he took photographs for the British royal family in 1940s

D.he was listed among the most notable people of the last century in Who's Who

解析：解析：细节题。文中第四段第二句His photographer uncle，George Nakash，brought him to Canada

in1924 and sent him to Boston in 1928 to apprentice with John Garo，an outstanding photographer．提到他的叔叔是摄影师，但没有说是著名的摄影师，而且他叔叔还把他送到波士顿一个有名的摄影师那里学习。据此可以推断，[B]与原文内容不符，符合题干要求，故选[B]。

Late last year, Airbnb announced that it's going after the major hotel chains—which at first

sounded kind of cute, like a precocious Little League pitcher(投手)saying he's going to strike

out Miguel Cabrera. But when CEO Brian Chesky laid out his thinking for me in Airbnb's new, funky headquarters in San Francisco, I thought the investors who have pumped $326 million into the

company might not be too dim. Airbnb is becoming much more than a way to spend $26 a night to

sleep in London with five other people at The Imperial Fleapit. In fact, Airbnb is looking like

a proof point of a trend that has been getting a lot of attention lately. Some refer to it as

the DIY—for do it yourself—movement. Chesky uses the term decentralized production(分散式生产). Marc Andreessen hit on the concept in a manifesto entitled Why Software Is Eating the

large-scale

of power the eroding is technology Information idea: same the to points all It World?

mass production. We're instead moving toward a world of massive numbers of small producers offering unique stuff—and of consumers who reject mass-produced stuff. The Internet, software, 3D printing, social networks, cloud computing and other technologies are making this economically feasible—in fact, desirable. The hotel industry—and the way Airbnb thinks about it—is an example of how

that is playing out. There is a fundamental truth about big hotel chains that is only now being exposed in the Internet age: Hotel chains grew out of a lack of information. In the middle of

last century, cars and highways made the world far more mobile. Many more people traveled to towns

they didn't know, and they needed places to sleep. They had no way to know which hotel or boarding house might be nice or offer amenities they wanted. Travel guides, like Mobil's, popped up in

the 1950s, but for the most part information remained scarce. Chains took advantage of that data deficit. If you knew a Holiday Inn in one town, you knew the Holiday Inn in the next town would

be roughly the same. The brand's motto played off this: The best surprise is no surprise. The uniformity and comfort of a chain trumped the risk of an unknown, independent place. As chains

got bigger, they could afford to widely advertise—a way to spread more information about the consistency of their hotels. Independents couldn't keep up They had limited ways to get information

to travelers. As long as this big information gap existed, chains grew and independents struggled.

The gap drove chains to offer uniform accommodations at scale—and we got today's hospitality industry, dominated by the likes of Hilton, Marriott and Starwood. Chesky got to thinking about

this when his iate grandfather told him Airbnb reminded him of his childhood, when his family

would arrive in towns and stay at boarding houses. Chesky thought: If the Internet was around

back then, would hotel chains as we know them have been created? And the answer is absolutely

not, Chesky says. I'm not saying there wouldn't be hotels, but they wouldn't look like they

潤琠摯祡?（分数：4.00）

(1).What is the relationship between the example of Airbnb and that of Little League pitcher?（分数：2.00）

A.Analogy. √

https://www.360docs.net/doc/6a13426649.html,parison.

C.Supplement.

D.Contradiction.

解析：解析：第一段提到，Airbnb宣布开始追赶大型连锁酒店的脚步——乍一听感觉很有意思，这就好像一位早熟的少年棒球联合会投手宣称要将米格尔·卡布瑞拉三振出局一样，由此可知，这两个例子之间的关系是“类比”，故选[A]。

[B]“比较”、[C]“补充”和[D]“矛盾”均可排除。

(2).According to the passage, Chesky believes that______.（分数：2.00）

A.hotel chains will no longer exist in the near future

B.there would be no hotels if Internet was around then

C.hotel chains would be different if Internet existed then √

D.the development of hotel industry is not certain

解析：解析：推理题. 最后一段后面讲到，切斯基认为，如果那时就有网络，我们所熟知的连锁酒店就不会出现，酒店行业的面貌也不会是如今这样的，故选[C]。

How did your friend get you to babysit her kids for the weekend, or your sister talk you into

hosting the next book club meeting? They probably asked when you were anxious about a work project

or stressed about making an impending mortgage payment. Stress, however, isn't traditionally associated with altruism. When self-discipline wanes, such as when you are hurried, hungry or distracted, you are less likely to be helpful to strangers(if you're late for an appointment,

you're probably not stopping to help the person who just dropped the contents of his briefcase).

That makes intuitive sense: helping someone you are unlikely to ever see again when you feel least

in control of your own life isn't likely to be productive. Yet such selfishness seems at odds

with the need for cooperation in a social species that relies on support from others for survival. stress

that and —strangersfor true hold only may pattern this that suspected have researchers So

and periods when you feel your life is out of your control might actually increase sacrifice toward loved ones since collaboration with those upon whom you regularly rely is essential for survival.

In communal(公共的)relationships, the habitual behavior is to take care of each other's needs,

says Francesca Righetti, assistant professor of psychology at VU University in Amsterdam. The

study, which was published in Psychological Science, involved several experiments in which some participants were intentionally distracted by subtitles(字幕)on a silent video, while others were not. The volunteers were then asked about sacrifices they would make for either a long-term

significant other, or a best friend. Those who had to cope with the distraction—a task known

to reduce self-control—were more likely to say they would sacrifice for their friends or partners

by going out with people they did not like(but whom their partners or friends liked)or by performing an embarrassing task for their loved one. Righetti says that couples often face situations where

their interests diverge and one must give up something for the other—like choosing whether to

see one partner's friends or deciding on a beach or mountain vacation. In these situations people need to choose between pursuing their own wishes and sacrificing to promote the well-being of

their partner or relationship, she says. We found that when people are in a loving relationship,

their impulsive response to these types of circumstances is to be nice and benefit their partner

even if this is costly for them. The results confirm what most young children know

intuitively—that if you want something from mom or dad, you should hit them when they're

distracted by something else. They also resolve what seemed to be a paradox: that good self control

is associated with happiness and success, but could be poison for relationships by leading to

selfish behavior. It seems there's a balance between what we're ready to give and what we take

from our different interactions with people. Self-centeredness, these findings suggest, may apply primarily to strangers. When it comes to people we love, we're willing to suffer.（分数：4.00）

(1).Francesca Righetti believes that______.（分数：2.00）

A.people tend to be more considerate for others in communal relationships √

B.selfishness makes people reluctant to help others in communal relationships

C.selfishness is in contrast to cooperation in mutual-supportive relationships

D.cooperation is essential to people who rely on the support from others

解析：解析：细节题。根据第四段可知，弗朗西斯卡·里盖蒂称，在公共关系中，习惯性的做法是照顾到他人的需求，由此可知，在相互的关系中，人们更倾向于为他人考虑，故[A]为答案。[B]、[C]和[D]均不是弗朗西斯卡·里盖蒂的观点，故均排除。

(2).According to the passage, which of the following is INCORRECT?（分数：2.00）

A.Good self-discipline leads to happiness and success.

B.A balance between giving and receiving can be reached.

C.When asked for help from strangers, we tend to reject primarily.

D.Self-centeredness works when we are facing people we love. √

解析：解析：细节题。根据第九段最后两句可知，这些发现说明，以自我为中心的情况只适用于陌生人。当涉及我们爱的人时，我们会甘愿受苦。由此可知，以自我为中心的做法在面对爱人时，就不再起作用了，故选[D]，同时排除[C]。根据第九段第二句可知，好的自我控制与幸福和成功有关，故排除[A]；根据第九段第三句可知，看起来，我们愿意给予的和我们从不同的互动中得到的可以达到平衡，故排除[B]。

3.SECTION BIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section

A. Answer the questions with No more than TEN words in the space provided.

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解析：

4.PASSAGE ONE

（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________

)

．The Rock Harbor Lodge正确答案：(正确答案：

解析：解析：第四段主要讲在Edisen Fishery这个渔场可以看到工作人员用古老的方式打出各种鱼，但在本段末句提到，他们捕到的鱼将出现在Rock Harbor Lodge的餐桌上，说明在Rock Harbor Lodge可以吃到各种各样的鱼，故The Rock Harbor Lodge为正确答案。

5.PASSAGE TWO

（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案：In Ottawa．)

解析：解析：文章第二段第一句Working from a studio in Ottawa…提到优素福·卡什的工作室在Ottawa，所以InOttawa 为正确答案。

PASSAGE THREE（分数：4.00）

(1).According to the passage, what does the example of Airbnb show?（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案：Information technology is eroding the power of large-scale mass production．)

解析：解析：根据第五段可知，酒店行业以及Airbnb对酒店行业的预期，正是这一趋势的例证，由此可知，本段承上启下，答案需从第四段中得知，第四段第一句为中心句，也是下文讨论的重点，故答案为Information technology is eroding the power of large-scale mass production。

(2).Which paragraphs briefly give the reason why hotel chains developed?（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案：Paragraphs 8 and 9．)

解析：解析：根据第八段第一、四句可知，连锁酒店利用了信息匮乏的状况，与冒险入住一家未知的独立酒店相比，连

锁酒店品质的稳定性和舒适性有着绝对的优势，另外本段还列举了假日酒店的例子来证明连锁酒店品质的稳定性。根据第九段第四句可知，只要信息传递的鸿沟存在，连锁酒店就会成长，独立酒店就会苦苦挣扎，因此这两段讲述的是连锁酒店发展的原因，故Paragraphs 8 and 9为正确答案。

6.PASSAGE FOUR

（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案：Unselfish concern for the welfare of others．)

解析：解析：根据第二段第一句可知，压力通常不能和altruism联系起来。第二段第二句用一个例子进一步说明，如果你在约会中迟到，你或许不会停下来帮助公文包里的文件散落一地的人，由此可知，这里的altruism意为“无私，利他主义”，故Unselfish concern for the welfare of others为正确答案。