关于汉译英的译法总结英译汉与汉译英有两个重要的问题

关于汉译英的译法总结英译汉与汉译英有两个重要的问题
关于汉译英的译法总结英译汉与汉译英有两个重要的问题

关于汉译英的译法总结英译汉与汉译英有两个重要的问题:增词/减词;词性转换。我们知道学习英语翻译首先要搞清英语与汉语的语言差异,这与中西方文化的差异有很大的关系,我们没有太多时间去完全掌握西方的文化背景,在这里总结了一下在汉译英时所

翻译出来的英语应具备的特点:

1、句式结构为:废话+主语+主要的话+废话,所以在汉译英时,当多个分句进行组合时需要找出主要矛盾,次要矛盾;

2、善用长句,不用标点。在进行汉译英是多为合译,中文短句通过一定的介词连词进行句子组合;

3、善用连词,英语为形合式语言,句与句之间善用连词连接,句子多为长句;

4、善用名词、形容词。英文属弱势语言,善用弱势动词,因此汉译英的关键点在于找出最重要的动词,将中文中的强势动词进行弱势动词的过渡,一个地道的英文句子中动词越少越好;

5、善用代词。中文中善用名词或者名词省略,而英文中多用代词指代;

6、常用标点符号:“; : -”

7、评论性语句顺序为先评论再事实;

8、语言结构为先总后分;

9、善用表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句,而中文善用宾语从句。如,我记得:the memory of….(表语从句);what I remembered is th at…(主语从句)

汉译英翻译步骤:

1、断句。中文句子较短,首先判断哪些句子应该放在一起翻译。

2、找动词(核心谓语动词)。判断句子中哪个动词重要,哪个不重要。

3、找连词(在多个分句同时存在时使用);

4、翻译;

5、重读。

英文句式特点:

1.主谓搭配问题(平衡)

中文由于强调句子中的某个成分主语较长,谓语、宾语较短,而英文的主谓宾分配比较均匀,没有固定的强调结构。我们也称中文为“非平衡性语言”,英文为“平衡性语言”。

如,中国的海洋资源十分丰富。译为:China is rich in marine resource.而不是译为:China’s marine resource are very rich.

2.评论与事实(先评论后事实)

翻译时,英文是先评论后事实。

如,中国要在短时间内达到粮食高产国家的水平难度较大。其中难度较大是评论,前面是事实。翻译时应为:it will be difficult for China to reach the level of countries with high grain yield in the short period of time.

如何找核心谓语动词?

谓语动词的层次性。

如,我进去看了。

1找核心谓语动词:进

2找非谓语或从句:看

3介词:去

4还有动词则不译

翻译为:I came in to have a look.

如,我只记得门警是瑞士的兵士,穿着黄色的制服。

1核心谓语动词:记得

2非谓语或从句:是

3介词:穿着

翻译为:I remembered that the guards at the gate were swiss solder in yellow unionforms.

如何判断主次?

答:一般来说,先发生的动词更加重要,而后发生的动作不是那么重要,可以把前面的动词翻译为核心谓语,后面的翻译为非谓语动词。我们把句子中最主要的动词作为句子的“核心谓语”,其次重要的是“非谓语动词或从句”,再次重要的是“介词”,最不重要的“不翻译”。一.连词的使用:

1、句与句没关系用and

2、句与句并列用while。

二.动词的使用原则(动词的过渡):

中文中的强势动词在英文中常找一个弱势动词进行过渡。

如,谓语动词的过渡。

我支持你:I give you a support.

我买了一辆车:I made a purchase of a car.

如,中国政府愿借此机会介绍中国海洋事业的发展。“介绍”的直接翻译为“introduce”,而我们在翻译时,翻译为“make an introduction of”,用弱势动词“make”来过渡,把强势动词introduce 变成了抽象名词。

三.代词/物主代词:

中文善用省略代词,而英文的每个名词前都需要有代词或冠词,所以汉译英时一定不要忘记名词前代词的存在。

如,出口产品可由合营企业直接或与其有关的委托机构向国外市场出售,也可通过中国的外资机构出售。译为:An equity joint venture sells its foreign products to foreign markets directly through associated agency or foreign trade agency of China. 其its不要忘记。

四.定语的处理原则:

中文中几乎所有定语都是前置的,只有一种是后置的是由“之”引起的定语后置。

英语句式:

1、词+词的情况下,前置多,后置少。

后置的情况有:

1形容词+不定代词:something important;

2过去分词作定语可以后置:a children adopted;

3以“a”开头的形容词作定语时后置:a cat alive。

2、词组或句子修饰词时后置。

五.译人名、代词原则

1、译英文姓与名之间要有.

2、英文名出现第一次译全称,第二次只译姓。

3、总体来说,一般先使用全称,第二次使用半称,第三次使用代词,第四次不译,第五次用全称。

六.专有名词:

笔译中即使有专有名词,我们也要用全称,而不是缩写。如,联合国,the United Nations.中国政府,the Chinese Government.

七.古文的翻译

古文的翻译不可直接使用中文拼音,要用解释的方法来阐述。如,亲仁善邻,国之宝也。意

思是热爱自己的人民和对待自己的邻居很好,这些对一个国家来说是非常珍贵的。所以翻译为:loving people and treating neighbors kindly are most valuable to a country.

方法:

一.定主语

1、中文主语过长时,同时出现偏正短语,则取偏作主语。

如,合营企业的形式为有限责任公司。

An equity joint venture takes the forms of a limited liability company.

而如果译为:the form of an equity joint venture is a limited liability company.则主宾过长而谓语过短。

汉译英时,将中文的句子变成“中文的英文句式”,然后字对字翻译。

如,合营企业的资本如果转让必须经过各方同意。

转变成:如果合营者转让注册资本,那么这件事情必须经过合营各方同意。

译为:if one side wishes to assign its registered capital, it must obtain the consent of each party to the venture. wishes to 是动词的过渡。

如,合营企业的有关外汇事宜应遵照中华人民共和国外汇管理条例办理。

译为:…holds its foregin exchange transactions, according to …

如,合营企业的一切活动应遵守中华人民共和国法律法令和条例的规定。

译为:an equity joint venture engages in all activities according to the provisions of laws, decrees and pertinent regulations of the People’s Republic of China.

2、无主语句用被动语态(或增主语)/隐形被动语态。

如,鼓励合营企业向中国境外销售产品(离动词最近的名词作主语)

译为:…is encouraged to sell its products outside China.

如,19981年时联合国确定的国际海洋年。是。。。确定的,即为被动语态。

如,。。。。,但是经过努力是完全可以实现的。是。。。可以实现的。属于隐形被动语态。译为:but the goal can be achieved through earnest efforts.

3、寻找隐藏主语。

如,合营企业的总经理副总经理(的职务)分别由合营各方分别担任:the positions of …are assumed by …

找主语方法:由谓语来决定主语是谁。

4、句首主语过多。

句首如果出现很多名词而判断不出主语时,可根据谓语来判断主语。

如,合营各方发生纠纷,董事会不能解决时,由中国的仲裁机构进行调解或仲裁,也可由合营各方协议在其他仲裁机构仲裁。由“调解或仲裁”以及“仲裁”可知主语为“纠纷”。

译为:Disputes arising from each party to the venture, which board of directors cannot settle may be settled through arbitration or conciliation by China’s arbitration agency or through arbitration by another arbitration agency agreed upon by each party to the venture.

本句将“合营各方发生的”译为现在分词。将时间状语从句“董事会不能解决时”译为非限定性定语从句。“调节和仲裁”进行了动词的过渡,译为“may be settled through arbitration or conciliation”.

5、就近原则(把离动词最近的作为主语)

如,鼓励合营企业向中国境外销售产品。译为:An equity joint venture is encouraged to sell its products outside China. 将合营企业作为主语。

如,鼓励外国合营者将可汇出的外汇存入中国银行。译为:A foreign side is encouraged to deposit its foreign exchange which was entitled to remit abroad in Bank of China.其中将外国合

营者作为主语。“可汇出的”译为定语从句。

二.增词与减词(一般来说汉译英常减词)

1增减对象词或范围词。

如,我国先秦思想家:our Chinese thinkers in Pre-Qin days about 2000 years ago.

2增减范畴词。

如,中国陆地自然资源人均占有量低于世界平均水平:China’s land resources percapita is lower than world average.将范畴词“水平”减掉。

如,我有五百元钱。译为:I have five hundred yuan.

如,在播种面积相对稳定的前提下。译为:given the relatively stable sowing area.范畴词“前提”不译。

附六个经典范畴词:方式、方法、水平、问题、情况、途径。

3增减动词。

三.本位词与外位语的译法

1、用…, which…

2、用the fact that…was…

。。。这一切。。。:前面省略部分为外位语,后面省略部分为本位词,中间用非限定性定语从句翻译。

四.条件状语从句

句子长可以放在句末翻译。

如,只要1996年到2010年粮食单产年均递增1%,2011年到2030年年均递增0.7%,就可以达到预期的粮食总产量目标。译为:the predicted total output target of grain can be reached, if the annual average increase rate of per unit area yield of grain is 1% from 1996 to 2010 and 0.7% from 2011 to 2030.

五.倍数表达法

倍数+as+原级+as+比较对象

倍数+比较级+than+比较对象

大学英语(三)英译汉 汉译英

1. Those who accomplish their tasks carefully are worthy of praising. 那些认真完成工作的人都值得表扬 2. Children tend to believe that their fathers are infinitely resourceful and versatile. 孩子们通产会认为他们的父亲是个智多谋多才多艺的人 3. He was shivering from fear as if he had seen a ghost. 他恐惧的发抖就像看见鬼一样 4. His speech was constantly interrupted by applause. 他的讲话不断被掌声打断 5. People have proposed all sorts of hypotheses to explain why dinosaurs have become extinct. 人们提出各种各样的假说来解释恐龙为什么灭绝 6. The church dates back to 1173. 此教堂建于1173年 7. The wish of fully utilizing the natural resources will eventually come true. 充分利用自然资源的愿望终究会被实现的 8. The child was accustomed to having her way. 这个孩子已经习惯一意孤行 9. We should pay more attention to the conservation of rare animals. 我不该更加注重保护稀有动物 10. The institution set aside a large of amount of money for research and development. 研究所留有一大笔前日子研究和开发 11. We must try all means to block the spread of the epidemic. 我们不惜一切代价阻止流行病的蔓延 12. Our love can blow away the hazes involved around children in the disaster areas. 我们对灾区孩子的爱唤起了困扰他们的阴霾 13. The meeting between A and B took place in New York. A B对方在纽约开了会议 14. The bike was damaged beyond hope of repair. 自行车严重损坏已经修补好了 15. He found a niche in the academic world. 他在学术界有了一席之地 16. He wanted to build up a large company. 他想开一间大公司 17. Doctors connect crime with mental disorder. 医生认为犯罪与精神错乱有关 18. The contestant got the nod from the judges. 选手得到了裁判的同意 19. All good things must come to an end. 天下没有不散的宴席 20. The high cost prohibits the widespread use of the drug. 该药价昂贵限制了其他的应用 21. They have been trying their best to impart knowledge and offering help to those students who are eager to learn. 他们一直尽力向那些渴求知识的学生传授知识提供帮助

汉译英在线翻译句子

[标签:标题] 篇一:2015汉译英句子翻译(包括参考译文) 2015年汉译英综合练习 1. 她就是这样风里来,雨里去,成年累月地工作着。 This is how she carries on her work, rain or shine, all the year round. 2. 西湖如明镜,千峰凝翠,洞壑幽深,风光奇丽。 The West Lake is like a mirror, embellished all around with emerald hills and deep caves of enchanting beauty. 3. 但我就是这个脾气,虽然几经努力,却未能改变过来。 But it’s the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it. 4. 一踏上中华人民共和国国土,我们就随时随地地受到关怀和照顾。 From the moment we stepped into the People’s Republic of China, care and kindness surrounded us on every side. 5. 袭人道:“一百年还记得呢!比不得你,拿着我的话当耳边风,夜里说了,早起就忘了。”“I’ll remember it if I live to be a hundred!”said Aroma. “I am not like you, letting what I say go in at one ear and out at the other forgetting what’s said at night by the next morning.” 6. 要制造飞机,就必须仔细考虑空气阻力问题。 Air resistance must be given careful consideration when the aircraft is to be made. 7. 为什么总把这些麻烦事推给我呢? Why should all the unpleasant jobs be pushed onto me? 8. 只有在我过于劳累,在我长时间无间断地工作,在我感到内心空虚,需要补充精神营养 的时候,我才感到寂寞。 I am lonely when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when for the time being I feel empty and need filling up. 9. 中国成功地爆炸了第一颗原子弹,在全世界引起了巨大的反响。 The successful explosion of the first atomic bomb in China caused great repercussions all over the world. 10. 我们应该实行国民经济信息化和科研成果产业化。 We should build an information-based national economy and apply scientific research achievements to industrial production. 11. 你说的倒轻巧,你也给我捧个奖杯回来。 You talk as if it were very simple. Why not try yourself and see if you can bring back a trophy, too? 12. 中国应该用实践向世界表明,中国反对霸权主义、强权政治、永不称霸。 China should show the world through actions that she is opposed to hegemonism and power politics and will never seek hegemony. 13. 中国明朝的著名旅行家徐霞客一生周游考察了16个省,足迹几乎遍布全国。 Xu Xiake, a great traveler in China’s Ming Dynasty, visited 16 provinces in his lifetime, leaving his footprints in nearly every corner of the country. 14. 阿Q将衣服摔在地上,吐一口唾沫,说:“这毛虫”! Ah Q flung his jacket on the ground, spat, and swore, “Hairy worm!”

汉译英翻译方法

汉译英三步骤: 1.理解原文 包括原文逐字逐句的理解、对原文整体思想、观点和态度的理解,也包括对原文句子之 间和各部分之间相互关系的理解。 2.英语表达 在正确理解原文的基础上进行的,不是一对一的死译,而是在理解原文的基础上用相应 的英语结构、词汇和表达习惯准确的表达原文的意思。 3.核对检查 认真阅读自己的译文,要用挑错的眼光来检查译文是否正确表达了原文的意思,是否有 漏译、错译,译文语法如时态、语态、单复数形式和拼写上是否有错误。 汉译英翻译技巧: 1.选择恰当的英语词汇 有些英语词汇不仅有字面意思,还有内含意思。 e.g.“国家”:country, nation, state, land 分别内涵:疆土、人民、政府、感情 有些英语词汇本身含有贬义或一些委婉的意思,运用时要特别注意。 e.g.“宣传”publicize, propaganda (带贬义) 汉译英选词原则: (1)选适合上下文的词汇 e.g.“观众”:audience,viewer, spectator 分别表示:听音乐会或看戏的观众、电视观众、看体育表演的观众 “条件”不同情况下应用不同的英语词表达: 工作条件:working condition 有利的条件:favorable situation 录取条件:admission requirement 付款条件:terms of payment 词汇选择首先要忠于原文的意思。 e.g.近年来由于就业问题日益严重,有些人建议让没有工作的未婚妇女来替换那些 家务繁重的女工。 “就业问题”:employment problem, unemployment problem(找不到工作就业已 成问题,即失业问题) “没有工作的妇女”: women without jobs, women hunting for jobs(没有工作又 需要找工作的妇女,不需找工作的并不包括在内) (2)要注意词的广义、狭义、具体的意思和抽象意思的不同 e.g. ①他讲的笑话逗得我们都笑了。 ②他讲的话使我们大家都笑了。 ①His joke made us laugh. ②What he said make us laugh. We all smile at what he said. (3)选词时不要望文生义,不要死译,要考虑与汉语对应的英语词汇真正的意思。 e.g.①他们的好奇心得到了满足。

高中英语句子汉译英翻译练习

高中英语汉译英 1稍等一会儿,我会帮助你的。 请尽早做出决定,不然你会坐失良机.(or) 2他们作了自我介绍。(introduce) 3请去查询下班火车什么时候开。(find out) 4昨天下午2时到4时你在做什么?(过去进行时) 5我正在吃晚饭,电话铃响了。 6不仅我,而且汤姆和玛丽都喜欢游泳。(be fond of) 7他今天感到身体好多了。(a lot) 8礼堂里早已挤满了高中学生。(be full of) 9我在街上走时,看到了一些古老的建筑物。(while) 10我走近花园时,几个男孩子在爬树。(用过去进行时) 11请脱下你的旧上衣,穿上这件新的。(take off, put on) 12这件事是什么时候发生的?(happen) 13他去办公室查询课程表.(ask abut) 14当我们到达车站时,火车已开出了。(过去完成时) 15他服药后,开始感到好些了.(过去完成时) 16 我观看体育节目你有意见吗? (mind) :介意做某事 17我还没有读完那本有关伦敦的书.(finish) finish doing:完成做某事 18 他没有跟我说一声就离开了山村。(without) 19我告诉她我已把餐具洗好了。(过去完成时) wash up 20汤姆上楼去他的卧室时,他的姐姐已把他的上衣改短了一英寸。(过去完成时) 21我和汤姆都盼望早日见到您。(look forward to). 22全世界的人都在电视上观看奥运会.(all over the world) 23我听说这场比赛将延期。(put off). 24这里要讲英语.(被动) 25这座体育馆将于明年建成.(被动语态) 26过马路时要小心.(be careful) 27这次车祸是什么引起的?(cause) 28她总是乐于助人.(be ready to). 29这个女孩由于不遵守交通规则,在车祸中受了伤。(被动). 30到时候会通知你的.(被动语态) 31我根本不喜欢这个铜的框架。(not…at all) not…at all:一点都不 32他把玫瑰栽在花园中间.(in the middle) 33他不知道她为什么在练习中有这么多的错误.(wonder) 34他告诉我一切都会好的。(过去将来时). 35谁也不知道我们什么时候举行下次会议. 36在新学校里有这么多的东西要学。 37当老师进来的时候,我们正在愉快地交谈。 38我们一读完初中就进入高中。 39我的老师比我想象的要年轻得多。 40晚饭后,我总是在厨房里洗碗碟. 41我们将在明天下午举行班会.(用被动语态) 42 老师看见他的学生们在教室里做功课。(…doing…) 43她说鲁宾逊先生将不得不为那张画付高价. 44我的母亲说我们将在北京逗留两个星期。(过去将来时)

段落翻译练习-汉译英答案

汉译英: 1徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省,足迹几乎遍及全 国。他在考察的过程中,从来不盲目迷信书 本上的结论。他发现前人研究地理的记载有许多很不可靠的地方。为了进行真实细致的考察,他很少乘车坐船,几乎全 靠双脚翻山越岭,长途跋涉;为了弄清大自然的真相,他总是挑选道路艰险的山区,人迹稀少的森林进行考察,发现了许多 奇山秀景;他常常选择不同的时间和季节,多次重游各地名 山,反复观察变换的奇景。 Xu Xiake toured and investigated 16 provinces in his lifetime, covering almost the whole of China/ the whole country. When he was carrying out his investigations, he never took blind belief in the conclusions in the books. Instead he found a lot of unreliable points in the geographic records taken by his predecessors. In order to make his investigations reliable and thorough, he seldom traveled by carriage or boat. Instead, he took long, arduous trips on foot almost all the time, climbing mountains and hills. In order to learn about the truth of nature, he always chose to conduct investigations in mountainous areas with dangerous roads and in lonely / untraveled woods, where he discovered a lot of magnificent peaks and beautiful sights. ( During his life time, Xu Xiake visited and explored 16 provinces, leaving his footprints in nearly every corner of the country. He never blindly accepted the conclusions given in books in his exploration. He found that many of the geographical records by other people before him were inaccurate ( He found many inaccuracies in the travel notes on geography written by his predecessors ) . He seldom traveled by horse cart or boat but climbed mountains and ridges and took long, difficult journeys most of the time

汉译英的几种翻译技巧

汉译英的几种常用技巧(一)常用的翻译技巧1. 增译2. 减译(省译)3. 重复 4. 转译 5. 语序(词序/句序)调整(倒置) 6. 拆句与合并7. 正说反译, 反说正译8. 语态变换 1.增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达 方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。 这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。 英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思完整。 总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。 1. I am looking forward to the holidays. 我们等待假日的到

2.Much of our morality is customary. 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。 3.Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人精确。 4.Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。 5. 没有调查研究就没有发言权。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (No investigation, no right to speak.) 6. 虚心使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 7. 留得青山在, 不怕没柴烧。 So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood. 8. 班门弄斧 Showing off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter. 9. 三个臭皮匠, 顶个诸葛亮。

考博英语英译汉、汉译英专项练习(含详解)2

人大考博英语汉译英专项练习(1-10,含详解) 专项练习1 科技是人类文明进步的动力源泉。古老的中国,曾在世界科技史上占有重要地位。今天的中国人民,不仅与全世界共享科技文明的成果,也在各个领域推动世界科技的进步。科技奥运将反映科技最新进展,集成全国科技创新成果,推出一届高科技含量的体育盛会;提高北京科技创新能力,推进高新技术成果的产业化及其在人民生活中的广泛应用,使北京奥运会成为展示高新技术成果和创新实力的窗口。 【参考译文】 Science and technology is the source power which can drive civilization of Human being. China, an old-line country, has had a high position in the world’s technology history. Today, Chinese people are not only sharing the harvest of technology and civilization with people from rest of the world, but promoting the science and technology in all kinds of field as well. High-tech Olympics means that we will closely follow the latest high-tech developments home and abroad and integrate the high-tech achievements nationwide so as to host a magnificent sports event in high-tech achievement. In doing so, Beijing’s capacity in high-tech innovation will be improved and the application of high-tech achievements in production and people’s life promoted. Beijing Olympic Games will be a window to showcase our high-tech achievements and innovative capacity. 专项练习2 去年,美国联邦航空管理局把用来计算飞机载荷的乘客平均体重提高了10磅。因为当时原油价格创下了历史新记录,作为应对措施,很多公司不得不提高机票价格中的燃料费用。 美国人和欧洲人不断发胖的趋势促使政府发动健康运动,同时人们严厉谴责许多食品公司。麦当劳连锁店在谴责声中受到冲击,因而不得不在最近几个月里修改菜单,增加了一些更有利于健康的食物。这一举动促使麦当劳的盈利增加。然而,据专家预测,人类注定会越来越胖,会对航空公司的利润空间形成不断增加的压力。 【参考译文】 Last year, the Federal Aviation Administration increased by ten pounds the average passenger weight they use to calculate aircraft loads. Since then crude oil prices have hit record levels, with many firms responding by raising the fuel surcharge they add to ticket prices. The rising level of obesity in the US and in Europe has prompted government health campaigns and harsh criticism of a number of food firms. Restaurant chain McDonald’s has taken the brunt of the attack and has in recent months reworked its menu to include healthier options. The move has helped lift profits. The prediction by experts, however, is that humans are set to become bigger, putting increasing pressure on airline profit. 专项练习3 据最新估计,雅典奥运会的开支已达到100亿美元,这对于希腊这样的小国来说可是一笔不小的数目,何况它曾经是欧盟中最贫穷的国家。 希腊对这次奥运会可能带来的美好前景寄予厚望,并想借此机会(向世界)展示一个“焕然一新”的希腊,以吸引新的投资者和游客。但是,本国运动员的兴奋剂丑闻和旅游业的低靡破坏了希腊的形象,这使希腊政府十分恼火。希腊财政部的一位重要官员告诉记者,希腊只有正确处理好公众关系,才能使雅典奥运会的开销变成投资。

句子翻译练习(汉译英)

一、翻译下列句子,注意选词: 1.人民现在为什么拥护我们?就是这十几年有发展。 2.由于全球气候变暖,海平面在一点点地上升。 3.改革开放也使民族精神获得了解放。 4.我们的企业应着重提高国际竞争力。 5.中国的现代化建设离不开与世界各国的经济合作与贸易往来。 6.湖区水位提高可能要危及竹子的生长。这意味着以竹子为食物的大熊猫也将 受到威胁。 参考译文: 1.Why do people support us? Because our economy has been developing. 2.The sea level is rising little by little in the consequence of global warming. 3.Reforms and the open policy have also emancipated the minds of the people. 4.We need to be enhancing international competitiveness. 5.China’s modernization is inseparable from her economic cooperation and trade ties with other nations. 6.Higher water levels in the lake area may endanger the growing of bamboos, which means giant pandas that feed on these plants will suffer, too. 二、物称与人称(翻译下列句子,注意运用物称表达法) 我想到希望,忽然害怕起来了。 他气得话也说不出来。 我一时想不起他的名字。 我疏忽了这个问题。 我兴奋得什么话都说不出来。 走过草地几步,我们就到了一个华丽的大酒店。 你只消仔细比较一下,就会发现不同。 一看到那棵大树,我便想起了童年的情景。 恕我孤陋寡闻,对此关系一无所知。 凭良心讲,你待我礼貌有加,我却受之有愧。 参考译文: The access of hope made me suddenly afraid. Anger choked his words. His name escaped me for the moment. This point slipped my attention. Excitement deprived me of all power of utterance. A few steps across the lawn brought me to a large, splendid hotel.

汉译英

汉译英 基本教材:陈宏薇主编<汉英翻译基础> ?本书采用的翻译方法:社会符号学翻译法 ?(sociosemiotic approach) ?这个翻译法是由美国翻译理论家尤金。奈达提出的。他说: ?人一生中从事的最主要的活动便是理解并解释符号的意义。翻译实质上是一种符号转变活动。?鉴于翻译是一种极其复杂的符号转换活动,人们期望的―等值‖或―等效‖翻译只是一种理想。于是本书提出的汉译英的标准是: ?意义相符,功能相似 ?(correspondence in meaning and similarity in function) ?严复:信达雅(faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance) ?陈宏薇:意义相符,功能相似 ?我对同学们的要求:忠实,通顺。 ?(faithful in meaning and smooth in language) 一.中西思维方式的差异和中英表达方式的差异 ?1. 中国人注重伦理(ethics),英美人注重认知(cognition) ?由于几千年来受到儒家思想的影响,中国人更注重伦理道德,西方人更注重自然和科学。例如,汉语中亲属关系称谓特别复杂,英美人的称谓相对简单,比较笼统,aunt, uncle, cousin 都是相对笼统的称谓。 ?在表示时间和地点时,汉语习惯上是从大到小,英语刚好相反。汉语说2009年8月31日,英语说31 August, 2009 或August 31, 2009. 我们学校的地址,汉语说:中国重庆沙坪坝区烈士墓壮志路33号四川外语学院,邮编400031 英语说: ?SISU ?33 Zhuangzhi Rd., Lieshimu, Shapingba ?Chongqing,400031 ?PR China ?2. 中国人重整体(integrity),偏重综合思维(synthetic),英美人重个体(individuality),偏重分析性思维(analytic)。例如,中医把人体看做一个有机整体,讲究阴阳五行,对立统一;西医注重量化分析,查血压血糖血脂,做透视、B超,CT, 往往更多地看重局部。中国的京剧是综合艺术,讲究唱念做打,而英美的歌剧、舞剧,话剧,都是单一的艺术形式,歌剧无舞蹈,舞剧不唱歌,话剧只对白。中国画也是综合艺术,集绘诗词书法篆刻于一体;西洋画只是绘画,至多加上画家签名。如果在油画上提上一首诗,那就不伦不类了。 ?3. 中国人重直觉(intuition), 英美人重证实(evidence). ?中国人讲究―天人合一‖(the Unity of Man and Heaven),在语言上重主观联想、综合和领会,英美人重理性思维,讲分析,重科学性。所以,中文句子往往比较松散,语法也不严密; 而英语的语言分析十分系统、全面,句中各部分的关系明确清晰。 ?在川外校园里,有时可以看到这样的―启事‖: ?出租(限女生)123-4567 8900 ?凡是生活在这个环境中的人,没有人会误解这个广告的含义。

汉译英句子翻译原则

1. 主语的确定 ?主语的三种处理方法: ?①以原句主语作译文主语 ?直接法 ?②重新确定主语 ?间接法 ?③增补主语 ?添加法 ?①直接法 ?例句1:我们的房子是一百多年前制造的。 ?Our house was built over a hundred years ago. ?例句2:我是地球人。 ?I come from the earth. ?例句3:如果不恰当地处理,锅炉及机动车辆排出的废气就会造成城市空气污染。 ?Exhaust from boilers and vehicles, unless properly treated, causes air pollution in cities. ?例句4:如果说,词汇是语言的“建筑材料”,那么,句子便是文章的“基本部件”。 ?If vocabulary is the “building materials” for language, sentences are the “fundamental parts” of writing. ?例句5:中国有两点是靠得住的,一是讲原则,二是说话算数。 ?China can be counted on. Among other things, first, it upholds principles and second, it honors its words. ?例句6:人有失错,马有漏蹄。 ?As a horse may tumble, a man may make mistakes. ?非常简单

?文化差异 ?应用有限 ?②间接法 ?中英文表达的习惯不同 ?语言地道,句式多样 ?例句7:世纪之交,中国外交空前活跃。 ?译法1(直接法):At the turn of the century, China is very active in its diplomatic activities. ?译法2(间接法):The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena. ?例句8:1964年十月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹,使世界大为震惊。 ?译法1:In October, 1964, China blasted its first atomic bomb, which shocked the rest of the world significantly. ?译法2:China’s first atomic blast in October, 1964 was a great shock to the rest of the world. ?例句9:胎又瘪了。 ?译法1:We’ve got another flat tire. ?译法2:Our tire is flat again. ?例句10:人不可貌相,海水不可斗量。 ?译法1:It is impossible to judge people from their appearance, and impossible to measure the ocean by pints. ?译法2:We cannot judge people from their appearance, just as we cannot measure the ocean by pints. ?回忆:海纳百川,有容乃大。 ?③增补法 ?推敲语境 ?考虑英语语法习惯和行文的需要。

新视野大学英语读写教程第三册英译汉_汉译英_相互翻译的_答案

1.无论你是多么富有经验的演说家,无论你做了多么充分的准备,你都很难在这 样嘈杂招待会上发表演讲 No matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared your speech, you will have difficulty making a speech at such a noisy reception. 2.就像吉米妹妹的朋友都关心吉米一样,吉米也关心他们 Just as all his sister’s friends cared about him, Jimmy cared about them. 3.汽车的生产商在新车的几处都印有汽车识别号码,以便帮助找回被盗车辆 Car manufacturers stamp a vehicle identification number at several places on new cars to help track down stolen vehicles. 4.老师回来时你敢告我状的话,我就不再和你说话了 If you dare tell on me when the teacher gets back I won’t say a word to you any more. unit3 1.在思维方面,与他的行为一样,他是非常传统的 In his thinking, as in his behavior, he is very traditional. 2.教师一旦同意接受新的教学计划。他们就得面对新计划所带为他们的压力 Once the teachers agree to accept the new teaching program, they have to face the strain it puts on them. 3.从长远看,大学毕业后继续深造而不是直接参加工作是值得的 In the long run, it is worthwhile to pursue one’s study after graduating from university instead of going to work directly. 4.由于这所学校的办学宗旨是品德第一,所以道德观和学习成绩受到同样的重视 As the school operates on the Character First principle, moral values and a cademic achievements are stressed equally. unit4 1.从各方面考虑,这座城市都是世界上最令人激动的城市 Everything considered, this city is the world’s most exciting city. 2.尽管没有得到父母的赞同,他还是继续他的计划出国学习 Though with no approval from his parents, he went ahead with his plan to study abroad. 3.这座桥是以一位英雄的名字,这位英雄为人民的事业献出了生命 The bridge was named after the hero who gave his life for the cause of people. 4.据说,画家是以他母亲为模特的,他母亲的面容沧桑却不失坚定 It is said that the painter used his mother as the model in the painting whose face represented suffering yet strength. unit5 1.直到看到弥留之际躺在床上的母亲,他才意识到自己是多么地爱她 Not until he saw his mother lying in bed, dying, did he realize how much he loved her. 2.考虑到他最近的身体状况,我认为他这次考试成绩还不错 Taking into account of his recent physical condition, I think he has done quite well in the exam. 3.克拉克夫人躺在床上一动不动,一时间我都纳闷她是否和活着 Mrs. Clark lies in bed motionless, and I wondered briefly if she is still alive. 4.整栋楼一片黑暗,只有三楼的某个窗户透出一丝光 The building was darkened except for a single light burning in a third-storey window.

高中汉译英句子翻译中英文99句

B5M1(句子翻译) 1.It_doesn’t_matter_whether you will attend the party or not. 你来不来参加派对并不重要。 2.Many students are hot on playing computer games, while Wang Chen likes playing Weiqi. 许多学生热衷于电脑游戏,而王琛却喜欢下围棋。 .They have a lot in common and get along well with each other. 3.他们有很多相同之处,相处得很融洽。 .They are twin sisters, yet they have_little_in_common in their hobbies. 4.她们是孪生姐妹,但是她们的业余爱好几乎没有相同之处。 .In_common_with other companies, they advertise widely as well. 5.和其他公司一样,他们也广泛地做广告。 .One false step will make a great difference. 6.失之毫厘,谬以千里。 .The twins look so similar that you can hardly tell_the_difference_between them. 7.这对双胞胎看起来太像了,你简直无法把他们区分开来。 .It might be obvious to you, but it isn’t to me. 8.这对你来说也许很容易理解,但对我却并非如此。 .It_is_obvious_that the two Englishes have much in common. 9.很显然,这两种英语有很多共同之处。 .Obviously (obvious), American spelling is simpler than British spelling. 10很显然,美式拼写要比英式拼写简单。 .Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news gets around quickly. 11.好事不出门,坏事传千里。 .It’s time I got down to some serious work. 12.我该认真干点正事了。 .I tried ringing you several times yesterday but I couldn’t get through. 13.昨天我试着给你打过几次电话,但是没有打通。 .A man in confusion (confuse) cannot focus on the required work. 14.思绪混乱的人不可能集中精力做他被要求做的工作。 ③The confused look on his face suggested that he was confused about the confusing questions asked by his parents.(confuse) 15.他脸上迷惑的表情表明他对父母问的那些令人迷惑的问题感到困惑。 They confused me by asking so many confusing questions. I was totally confused, standing there in confusion, not knowing what to do.

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