[托福写作]托福独立写作抽象话题解析

[托福写作]托福独立写作抽象话题解析
[托福写作]托福独立写作抽象话题解析

托福独立写作抽象话题解析

济南托福培训中心

Question: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better to finish a project completely and then start another project than to work on several projects at the same time.

对于大多数抽象题目而言,一般来说看完题目后都会感觉这个写作问题问得实在是没有什么意义。这个题目的意思是学生们应该是先做完一件事情后再开始另外一件事情,还是应该这几件事情同时进行。这里,很多学生的反应就是这得看具体是做什么事情了,很难去彻底论证哪一个更好,因为无论是几件事情同时做,还是先做一件,再做另外一件都有着很多的具体的例子能够支撑其这么做的理由。这里考生们不要忘记:托福考试所考的文章是议论文。也就是说文章本身就没有所谓的正确与错误的答案。如果文章是毫无疑问的一边倒的形式,那么这篇文章也就失去了讨论的价值和意义。

那么考生该如何展开呢?既然这是一个抽象话题,也就是说整个题目的探讨并没有一个具体的话题或者说具体内容作为依托。在这种情况下,济南托福培训中心的专家们建议考生将这个题目的探讨放到具体的话题上,比如说国家、家庭、工作等等。这样一来,就有效地避免了说空话,而是能够通过更加直观的例子来证明自己的观点。

Pros: (agree)

首先,很多不同的任务和事情无论是在资源和时间上并没有相互的冲突。因此,如果一件事情完全做完再做另一件事情就是浪费时间。比如说,一个跨国公司选择了某一个发展中国家,决定去那里开发新市场。这时候,对于这个公司来说,需要进行这么几项任务:1. 通过调查问卷的形式了解当地消费者对此产品的需求,从而判断这个国家是否存在巨大的潜在的市场;2. 了解当地政府对这个行业的限制或者是优惠政策;3. 联系经销商以方便产品的推广。这三个方面的任务并没有任何的冲突。只要公司配备足够多的市场开发人员,这几个事情完全可以同时展开和进行,并不会相互影响。

同时,当几件事情或任务同时进行的时候,很多时候一件事情的做法可能会对另外的事情提供一些借鉴的意见。比如说,现在环境问题很严重,比如说环境污染、全球变暖等问题。政府准备着手解决几个问题:比如说,控制现有不可再生能源的使用,发展新能源,研究新能源的广泛的应用。很多时候这几个事情是相互联系、相互依赖的。比如说,政府要控制现有的污染问题,必须要了解其污染的原因和范围,这对新能源的开发能起到很好的借鉴作用。在初期,如果能够很好地了解能源利用会产生的问题,这对新能源以后的发展会有很大的推动作用。

Cons: (disagree)

同时做很多事情可能会牵扯过多的精力和资源,导致最终无法把其中任何一件事情做好,甚至可能会由于无法专注的原因导致效率降低,产生不必要的错误和麻烦。比如说,公司的目标是要开拓几个国外的市场。如果几个不同的国家的市场同时进行的话,可能公司因为资源有限的原因,在有限的时间内,没有办法对每一个国家的市场进行深入、细致的了解和分析。

所以,这可能由于对市场的把握不准确,导致一些错误的信息,误导了公司的决策。

语言表达

conflict of resources and time 资源和时间冲突

stagger their schedule 安排时间

a horrendous waste of time 浪费时间

a multinational company 跨国公司

explore new markets 开发新市场

questionnaires 调查问卷

carry out tasks in an orderly fashion 按顺序执行任务

gain an accurate understanding of customers’ requirements of products 准确地了解客户对产品的要求

huge potential market 更大的潜在市场

preferential policies 优惠政策

laws and regulations 法律法规

contact distributors 联系经销商

facilitate marketing of products 方便市场推销

several projects can get underway simultaneously 几个项目可以同时进行

install adequate marketing staff members 配置足够市场人员

draw on the previous experience 借鉴之前的经验

pose a dire threat to our natural environment 对我们的自然环境构成了严重的威胁

environmental pollution and global warming 环境污染和全球变暖

non-renewable energy sources 不可再生能源

develop alternative energy sources 发展可替代能源

contain the sphere of influence of environmental problems 控制环境问题的影响范围inter-related and inter-dependent 相互联系,相互依赖

keep air pollution under control 将空气污染控制住

act as a driving force behind the development of something 成为…发展的重要推动力

compromise learning efficiency 影响学习效率

provide a detailed analysis 提供一个详细的分析

fail to get a good hang of something 没能够理解…

misguided policies 错误的政策

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托福写作常见错误你犯过么? 考生们在自己复习托福写作的时候,因为没有系统专业的辅导,很有可能在很多方面都存在着托福写作的误区。下面就把托福作文中有可能出现的误区为大家总结出来。 错误一:在准备TWE185题库或者准备Barron、delta、longman等辅导材料的题目。 新托福写作题目都是现在新托福考试的真题的题目,但是很多考友发过来的文章是TWE的185题库,或者是Barron、delta、longman的题目,这些题目不是说没有价值,而是现在这些材料已经被证明与现行的新托福考试不能完全接轨了,尤其是当我们看到kaplan里面的某些题目,竟然是在讨论诸如爱情之类的问题的时候,我们只能感叹某些参考书的专业度实在需要极强。 那么TWE185就完全没有价值了么?当然不是,在新托福刚刚出现的时候,人们就已经

发现其实新托福考试之中的很多口语题目就是出自于原来的TWE的185题库,因此拿原来老托福的185题库来准备我们现在的口语是非常合适的,但是如果你仍然在用这些TWE185题目在准备现在的独立作文的话,那么只能说你已经站在起跑线的后面了。 错误二:字数越多越好。 当我们单纯地看到“字数越多越好”的时候,可以说这是有一定的道理的,因为如果你的字数越多,那么就越能更好的阐明自己的观点,但是很多考友特别喜欢将这种思路发挥到极致。要知道其实托福作文如果能达到350字-450字就已经很好了,只要达到这个范围内基本上就不会对你的分数产生任何负面的影响了。 错误三:托福写作备考刚开始,就要限定时间。 当我们刚刚开始准备作文的时候,由于国内英语教育只注重输入而不注重输出的特点决定了,我们现在国内的很多考友们,有可能在真正准备新托福考试的作文之前从来都没有写过几篇作文,因此当面对托福考试这么多字数的要求的时候,常常会觉得自己无所适从。因此很多人,在准备不充分的情况下就限定自己一定要在规定的30分钟时间之内,完成托福作文。

如何复习托福写作之独立写作~

上次跟大家谈到了综合写作的复习,今天来说说独立部分。说到独立写作,就不得提到众所周知的“机经”。所谓“机经”,是指考过托福的同学通过回忆还原出来的托福考试原题,通常听说读写四部分都有,但是最有价值的,当然是口语和写作这两个主观题的独立部分。尤其是提前知道作文题目,确实是件振奋人心的事。“机经预测”源自于2007年,一部分细心的老师发现大陆的托福考题经常重复北美考过的老题,而且这种重复呈现出一定的规律性,于是,中国大陆的托福考试界拉开了“机经预测”的大幕,并涌现出众多风云人物,在这里不一一列举。07年至11年,多少学生因为机经而改变命运,我自己的学生里就有很多例子,甚至也出现过三个月之内从19分到71分的奇迹。然而,2011年9月,ETS忍无可忍,开始改变出题的逻辑,使得机经预测连续“扑空”,直到几个月后,“机经预测”才慢慢再次步入正轨,只是范围比以前要更大,一个月一般有20-30套,命中的概率也不如以前。那么,现在准备考托福的同学到底该怎么使用机经呢? 首先,大家应该忘掉机经本身,专注于我们最终的目的——托福写作。这正像学习听力的同学应该专注于托福听力本身,而不是漫无目的地疯狂听写一样。托福独立写作底考什么,满分文章到底需要什么,才是我们应该首先搞清楚的问题。 下面我们来说说托福考试独立写作的出题模式。总的来说,有两种主要出题形式: 1、Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? XXX 2、Some people prefer to XXX, while others like to XXX. Which do you prefer? 其中,第一种最常见,大约占80-90%,这种题目要么agree,要么disagree,没有中间状态,但是需要注意的是,不管是“完全不同意”还是“不完全同意”都是不同意。比如,问题说:Do you agree or disagree? If parents want their children to do well at school, they should limit the time that their children spend on watching TV. 写的时候就可以完全不同意,因为Limiting children will only create problems instead of inviting better performances. 而如果问题是:Do you agree or disagree? Advice from our grandparents is no longer useful, for the world has changed so much over the past 50 years. 写的时候就可以说some of their advice may be no longer useful due to the rapid social or technological changes, but they can still provide valuable suggestions in many ways since they have experienced many things that we are experiencing today. 这就叫不完全同意,也属于disagree的范畴。另外,如果问:Do you agree or disagree? A is more important than B. 也是可以写不同意的,接着证明A and B are equally important. 这种立意经常被同学们理解为“中立”,其实还是属于disagree的范畴。 下面,我们来分析独立写作的评分细则:

托福写作TPO7综合写作详细解析

智课网TOEFL备考资料

托福写作TPO7综合写作详细解析 阅读材料: In an effort to encourage ecologically sustainable forestry practices, an international organization started issuing certifications to wood companies that meet high ecological standards by conserving resources and recycling materials. Companies that receive this certification can attract customers by advertising their product as ecocertified. Around the world, many wood companies have adopted new, ecologically friendly practices in order to receive ecocertification. However, it is unlikely that wood companies in the United Stated will do the same, for several reasons. 为了能过促进林业的可持续发展,有个国际组织开始着手给那些达到了环保和再生利用要 求的木材公司颁发认证。获得认证的公司可以在广告商宣传自己是环保的,进而吸引消费者。在全球范围内来看,为了能得到环保认证,很多木材公司已经开始采用了环保策略。然而, 就美国的公司来讲不太会采取同样的措施,原因如下。 First, American consumers are exposed to so much advertising that they would not value or even pay attention to the ecocertification label. Because so many mediocre products are labeled “new” or “improved,” American consumers do not place much trust in advertising claims in general. 首先,由于每天接受大量广告的轰炸,美国消费者对于环保标签并不是很在意。由于很多 的普通产品都标榜“创新”或者“升级”,美国消费者对于广告上生成的东西基本上不怎么信任。 Second, ecocertified wood will be more expensive than uncertified wood because in order to earn ecocertification, a wood company must pay to have its business examined by a certification agency. This additional cost gets passed on to consumers – American consumers tend to be strongly motivated by price, and therefore they are likely to choose cheaper uncertified wood products. Accordingly, American wood companies will prefer to keep their prices low rather than obtain ecocertification.

托福写作技巧(总结)

把教授如何反驳文章中三个分论点挺清楚,例子都是阅读文章里的所以不用记,听力里主要是在讲阅读文章中的例子有哪些缺陷或不严谨的地方,从而无法成为有效的论据,甚至成为别的观点的论据。 有自己的写作模式、写作套路。 先不限时写几篇,写完一篇就立刻打印出来逐字逐句修改(电脑上改容易偷懒),把过于简单的词和句子一一替换,注意别用太难的词和没把握的词,能用到6级词汇就差不多了,心情好了再拽两个托福词汇上去也就足够了。我觉得最好用的就是形容词和副词,可以记几个托福水平的精彩形容词和副词,选择自己看着顺眼的,在平凡的名词前加好看的形容词,在平淡的句子里随处放置抢眼的副词,这样文章一下子就丰富起来了。 插入语,句式变换,每段第一句试着倒装、或用被动语态 多用具体的详细的例子,别停留在就事论事上,可以试着延伸到生活的其他方面 注意线性思维,“总分总” 托福作文写五段,第一段是中心思想段,二三四是支持段落,最后是总结段落 无论是综合写作还是独立写作,考生追求的基本目标是把想说的意思用书面英语表达清楚,让阅卷人读懂和明白。从语言角度来说,有两大标准,即准确性和多样化。能够达到词词准确,又使用到不同的词句来表达相同、相似的意思,从语言角度来说已经符合托福考试的高分要求。 仿写。只看不写,永远不能将输入语言化成输出语言。尽量仿写整句,保持原句结构,替换内容! In a word, it is rather superficial to simply say that.........+观点:In a word, it is rather superficial to simply say that parents are the best teachers。用一句话说,简单地认为父母是最好的老师是相当肤浅的。 综合写作部分的评分标准: 1、内容的完整性和准确性。简单地说,就是文章是否有将讲座中的关键信息点完整、准确地提 取出来,并和阅读材料中的相关内容有效地一一对应。如果讲座中的信息点有缺失,那么会有一定程度 的扣分;如果只写了有关阅读材料的观点,得1分。 文章的组织机构,词汇和语法的正确性和准确性。高分的作文需要做到条理清晰,结构连贯,用词 恰当,能够准确地表达讲座中的观点与阅读材料中的观点是如何相互联系的,只要作文中的错误不至于 使内容表述出现误解,一些偶尔出现的语言错误,如单词拼写、单复数问题等,不会对作文成绩产生很 大影响,当然,错误肯定是越少越好的。 独立写作部分的评分标准: 1、有效回应题目,阐明文章主题。一般来说,独立写作完全跑题的情况很少,但是很多考生在 展开讨论时所采用的论据,比较容易出现跟主题关联性不大的情况,即局部答非所问的现象,从而影响 了得分。2、逻辑条理清楚,论证充分展开。这一点的关键在于文章论证的展开,是否提供了大量的细节和例子来支持观点,而非泛泛而谈地说理。3、内容连贯一致,衔接自然流畅。达到内容连贯一致的文章通常全文围绕中心论点展开,而不会论据自相矛盾,也不会重复论证,有时候通过一些表示因果、先后、递进的关系连词可以起到粘合剂的作用。4、遣词造句地道,语言驾驭娴熟。托福考试终究是语言考试,最终还是要考查考生的语言运用能力,但是要注意的是,并不是要求考生通篇都用难词偏语长句,而是要会变化着用一些美国人常用的语句把自己的想法表达清楚,所以建议考生尽量多阅读和模仿英文原版材料,这样写出来的文章才能够原汁原味。

(完整版)托福独立写作模版10个

托福作文模板 A or B 类型 模版一: Depending on personal experience, personality type and emotional concern, we find that some people hold the idea of A meanwhile others prefer to B, from my point of view, it is more advisable to choose A rather than B. My arguments for this point are listed as follows. The main reason for my propensity for A is that___________________________就理由进行解释_____________________.For instance, ____________________ Another reason can be seen by everyone is that____________________________.就理由进行解释___________________. For example,____________________ The argument I support in the first paragraph is also in a position of advantage because_____________________________ Although I agree that there may be a couple of advantages of B, I feel that the disadvantages are more obvious. Such as________________. In a word, ________________________________________________.So, it is sagacious to support the statement that it is better to A. 模版二: 将原题复述___________________________________________When faced with the decision of A of B, quite a few would deem that______________________, but others, in contrast, believe A/B as the premier choice and that is also my point. Among countless factors which influence -A/-B, there are three conspicuous aspects as follows. The main reason for my propensity for _________is that___________________ The second reason can be seen by every person that________. In addition, these reason are also usable when we consider that_________. There are some disadvantages in____________________另一种观点的缺点__________. In a word, _____________重复观点句并缩写理由__________________.Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that___________. 模版三: In my point of view, A is as important as, if not more important than B. So it is sagacious to choose A. Among countless factors which influence A. there are three conspicuous aspects as follows. The above point is certainly true if A is considered. For example, ___________________ Another reason why I agree with the above statement is that I believe that A is better than B. For instance, ______________ It would probably not be too kindly disposed to the idea that B is not important. B________也好_________. In a word, to choose A or B is something of a dilemma to the public because they sometimes are confused by the seemingly good qualities of B, and neglect the genuinely good aspects of A. For the reasons presented above, I strongly commit to the notion that A, but not B.

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