最新初中英语语法情态动词讲课讲稿

最新初中英语语法情态动词讲课讲稿
最新初中英语语法情态动词讲课讲稿

初中英语语法情态动词知识考点试题详解来源:博客2009-04-10 09:26:21

[标签:语法情态动词考点试题]

对英语教育和学习感兴趣的朋友,来看看我们现行教学中情态动词的内容,14个表情达意的词只在初中就被赋予如此多的解释,我们是否应该想一想,这科学吗?英语母语者要学这么多内容才会用这些词吗?

网络知识清单

情态动词can 表示能力,意为“能会”

表示推测,意为“可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句中

表示请求,允许,意为“可以”

could can 的过去式,意为“能、会”,表示过去的能力

在疑问句中表示委婉请求

may 表示请求、许可,意为“可以”

表示推测,常用于肯定句中,意为“可能、也许”

might may的过去式

表示推测,常用于肯定句中,意为“可能、也许”

must 表示主观看法,意为“必须、应该”

表示有把握的推测,用语肯定句

Need 表示需要、必须,主要用于否定句和疑问句中

dare 表示敢于,主要用于否定句和疑问句中

should 意为“应该”,表示要求和命令

表示劝告、建议

had better 意为“最好”,表示建议

used to 意为“过去常常,表示过去的动作、行为

考点知识清单

知识梳理

情态动词有具体的词义,但也同助动词一样,需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语,另外情态动词没哟人称和数的变化,情态动词后必须跟动词原形。

考点一can ,may,must 等情态动词在陈述句中的用法

1. can 的用法

(1)表示能力、许可、可能性。表示能力时一般译为“能、会”,即有种能力,尤其是生来具备的能力,此时may 和must 均不可代替它。如:

She can swim fast, but I can’t . 她能游得很快,但我不能。

I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。

(2)表示可能、能够。如:

I can finish it in an hour. 我能在一小时后完成它。

(3)表示许可,常在口语中。如:

You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。

(4)表示推测,意为“可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句中,此时can’t 译为“不可能”。如:

Can the news be true? 这个消息会是真的吗?

----Can it be our teacher?

那个人有可能是我们老师吗?

----No, it can’t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.

不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。

例--- I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there.

----- No. She __ be there, I have just been there.

A.can’t

B.mustn’t

C.needn’t

D.wouldn’t

[解析]

根据下文“我刚去过那儿”可知,应为“不可能”,can’t 表示推测

[答案] A

2. could的用法

(1)can的过去式,意为“能、会”,表示过去的能力。如:

He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗。

(2)could 在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,此时could 没有过去式的意思。如:

Could you do me a favour? 你能帮我个忙吗?

---Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗?

--Yes, you can. 可以。

3. may的用法

(1)表示请求、许可,比can 正式,如:

May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行车吗?

You may go home now. 现在你可以回家了。

例----_______ I borrow your MP3?

-----Sure . Here you are.

A. May

B.Should

C.Must

D. Would

【解析】在此处表示请求,意为“做……可以吗”。

答案A

(2) 表示推测,谈论可能性,意为“可能,或许”,一般用于肯定句中。如:

It may rain tomorrow . 明天可能会下雨。

She may be at home. 她可能在家呢.

(3) may的过去式为might ,表示推测时。可能性低于may 。如:

He is away from school. He might be sick.

他离开学校了,可能是他生病了。

4. must的用法

(1) must 表示主观看法,意为“必须、一定”。如:

You must stay here until I come back.

在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿。

Must I hand in my homework right now?

我必须现在交作业吗?

(2) 其否定形式mustn’t 表示“一定不要”“千万别”“禁止, 不许”. 如:

You mustn’t play with fire. 你不许玩火。

You mustn’t be late. 你一定不要迟到。

(3)对must引导的疑问句,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn’t 或don’t have to .

如:

---Must I finish my homework?

我现在必须完成作业吗?

---No, you needn’t.

不,你不必。

(4)must 表示有把握的推测,用于肯定句。如:

The light is on, so he must be at home now.

灯亮着,他现在肯定在家。

注意其反意问句的构成形式:

当must 表示肯定的判断、推测时,其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。

如:

She must have finished writing, hasn’t she?

她一定已经写完了,不是吗?

5. need的用法

(1)need 表示需要、必须,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为needn’t ,意为“没有必要,不必”。用need 提问时,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn’t 。如:

----Need I stay here any longer? 我还有必要留在这儿吗?

----Yes, you must . 是的。

-----No. you needn’t . 不,你不必。

(2) need 还可以作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变化,后边多接动词不定

I need to do it right now. 我需要马上做这件事。

He needs to learn more about the girl. 他需要多了解那个女孩。

6. dare 的用法

dare意为“敢、敢于”, 用法近似于need,有两种词性:

(1)dare 作为情态动词,多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中,无第三人称单数形式,只有一般现在时和一般过去时。如:

Dare he tell them what he knows?

他敢告诉他们所知道的情况吗?

I daren’t ask her –will you do it for me?

我可不敢问她,你能帮我问问吗?

(2)dare 作为实义动词,此时有人称、数及时态的变化。如:

He doesn’t dare to break his promise.

他不敢食言。

注意:在口语中,dare 的各种形式常与不带to 的不定式连用。如:

Do you dare tell her what I said?

你敢告诉她我说的话吗?

I didn’t dare look at him.

我不敢看他。

7. shall 的用法

(1)shall 表示征求对方意见(多用于第一、三人称),如:

Shall we go out for a walk? 我们出去散步好吗?

(2) 表示决心、警告、命令(多用于第二、三人称),如:

No one shall bring your beepers or mobile phones in the exam.

考试中任何人不准带BP机和手机。

8. should的用法

(1)should 意为“应该”,可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。如:

We should protect the environment. 我们应该保护环境。

(2)should (would)like to do sth. 表示“想要、愿意做某事”,常用于口语中。如:

I should (would) like to go with you . 我愿意和你一起去。

Would you like to go with me? 你想和我一起去吗?

(3)Should have done 表示对过去动作的责备、批评。如:

You should have finished your homework.

你应该已经完成作业了。(事实上你没有完成。)

9. will 的用法

will表示意愿、意志、打算,可用于多种人称。如:

I will help you if I’m free this afternoon.

今天下午如果我有空,我就会帮你。

10. had better 的用法

had better 意为“最好”,没有人称的变化,后面接不带to 的不定式,其否定形式为:had better not。如:

We had better go now. 我们最好现在就走。

You had better not give the book to him.

你最好不要把这本书给他。

考点二含有情态动词的疑问句

1. 由can、may、must构成的疑问句

(1)句式:Can/ May/ Must…+ 主语+动词原形+….?如:

Can you repair the car? 你会修小汽车吗?

Could he be a good student? 他能是名好学生吗?

May I borrow your ruler? 我可以借你的尺子吗?

Must we clean the room now?我们必须现在打扫房间吗?

(2)对may 引出的问句,可以有下列回答方式:

Yes, of course.

Yes, certainly.

Sure .

No, you mustn’t.

No, you can’t.

(3)对must引出的疑问句,回答方式为:

Yes, …must.

No,…needn’t/ don’t have to.

2. will,would,shall 的用法

(1)will 在一般疑问句中表示客气的“请求、劝说”。would 是will 的过去式,语气更加客气、委婉。如:

Would you show me your picture book? 你能让我看看你的画册吗?

Will you please give me a call? 请给我打个电话好吗?

(2)对will/ would you…的回答方式有以下几种:

Yes, I will. (No, I won’t.)

Sure . (I’m sorry , I can’t.)

All right.

Certainly. (No, thank you .)

Yes, please.

例---Would you do me a favour and pass on my thanks to Lily?

-----________.

A.That’s right

B.With pleasure

C.It doesn’t matter

D.No trouble

解析 A. 意为“对了”,B. 意为“乐意效劳”, C. 意为“没关系” D.意为“不费事”。

答案 B

(3)shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称,表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。如:

我给你把门打开好吗?

我们现在开始好吗?

其回答方式有以下几种:

Yes, please.

All right.

No, thank you.

考点三不同情态动词的否定意义也不同

1. (1)can’t可译为“不会”,如:I can’t play basketball. 我不会打篮球。(2)当句子表推测时,用can’t 表达不可能,如:

He can’t be ill. He is playing chess with Tom. 他不可能病了,他正和Tom 下棋呢。(3)can’t 还可用来回答“May I …? ”这样的问句。如:

May I come in ? 我可以进来吗?

No, you mustn’t. / can’t. 不,你不能。

(4)can’t 还可用于固定习语中。如:

She can’t help crying. 她不禁大哭起来。

2. may 的否定式为may not ,译成“可能不”,如:

He may not be at home. 他也许不在家。

3. (1)mustn’t 表示不许,不可。如:

He mustn’t leave his room. 他不许离开他的房间。

You mustn’t talk in class. 你们不可以在课上说话。

(2) mustn’t 也可用于以may 表示要求时的否定回答中。如:

——May I stand here? 我可以站在这里吗?

------No, you mustn’t(can’t).

不,不行。

4. (1)needn’t 意为“不必”。如:

You needn’t meet him unless you’d like to.

你不需要见他,除非你愿意。

(2)needn’t + have+ 动词的过去分词,表不需要完成但已完成的动作,暗含时间或精力上的浪费。如:

You needn’t have bought it. 你没必要买它(但你却买了)。

5. shouldn’t 表示不应该。如:

You shouldn’t feel so unhappy over such little things.

对于这种小事,你不应该感到这么不高兴。

考点四情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为:情态动词+ be + done (动词的过去分词)。

做题时要兼顾情态动词和被动语态这两个方面。如:

You needn’t get up so early every day.

你不必每天都起这么早。

She shouldn’t speak t her mother in that way.

她不应该用那种方式和妈妈说话。

More and more trees must be planted in China.

在中国必须种植更多的树木。

Many of the stars can not be seen because they are far away from us.

很多星星我们都看不到,因为它们离我们太远了。

易混知识清单

知识归纳

易混点一can 和be able to

两者表示能力时用法相同,但can 只有原形“can”和过去式“could ”两种形式,在其他时态中要用be able to 来表示。另外be able to 常常指经过努力,花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。如:

Jim can’t speak English. 吉姆不会说英语。

He could speak English at 5. 他五岁时就会说英语。

We’ll be able to see him next week.下星期我们将会见到他。

He has been able to drive. 他已经会开车了。

I ‘m sure you ‘ll be able to finish it quickly.

我相信你能迅速地完成。

We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon.

我们能在中午到达山顶。

易混点二can和may

1. can 和may 均可用来征求意见或许可,意为“可以”,一般可互换使用。如:Can/ May I help you ? 我能帮助你吗?

2. can 和may 表示可能性时的区别:

1) 在肯定句中用might,may,must,不用can

2) 在疑问句中表示推测用can,不用might,may,must

3) 在否定句中用can’t(不可能),不用may,must。如:

She may be in the classroom . 她可能在教室里。

Where can they be now? 他们现在可能在哪儿?

That can’t be true. 那不可能是真的。

易混点三may be 和maybe

用法区别常用位置

may be may为情态动词,be为动词原形句中,作谓语

maybe 副词,大概、也许,相当于perhaps 句首,作状语

He may be wrong , but I’m not sure. 也许他错了,但我也不确定。

易混点四can’t 和mustn’t

1. can’t 根据其基本用法可译为:

(1)不会,如:

I can’t speak English . 我不会说英语。

(2)不能,如:

We can’t do it now because it’s too dark.

天太黑了,我们现在干不了。

(3)不可能,如:

那个人不可能是咱们老师,他年轻得多。

The man can’t be our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher..

2. mustn’t 意为“禁止、不许”,用来表达命令,表示强烈的语气。如:

You mustn’t play football in the street. It’s too dangerous.

你不可以在街上踢足球,太危险了。

易混点五must 和have to

1. must 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要,还可以在间接引语中表示过去的必要或业务。

2. have to 侧重于客观上的必要,可用于现在时、过去时和将来时。如:

I know I must study hard.

我知道我必须努力学习。

My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night.

我弟弟病得厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。

I haven’t got any money with me, so I’ll have to borrow some from my friend. 我身上没带钱,只好向朋友借点了。

He said they must work hard.

他说他们必须努力工作。

have to

肯定句用has to + 动词原形

注意have to had to

don’t

否定句用doesn’t+have to + 动词原形

didn’t

Does

疑问句用Does

Do + 主语+ have to + 动词原形

Did

易混点六need,dare 的两种用法

3. need ,dare 作情态动词是,多用于否定句、疑问句中,后接动词原形。如:

You needn’t explain it to me . 你不必向我解释这件事。

Dare you say that again? 你敢再说一遍吗?

3. 在肯定句中,它们后边多接动词不定式,此时为实义动词。如:

Tom needs to fetch the bool for me .

汤姆需要给我取回那本书。

Mary dared to go across the street by herself. 玛丽敢自己过马路。

易混点七used to do / be used to doing / be used to do…

used to do 表示过去常常发生的动作,强调过去,只用于过去,注意用to do,不用doing形式;而be used to doing 意为“习惯做…”,be 可有各种时态;be used to do 意为“……被使用去做……,”为被动语态形式。如:

My father used to eating meat.我父亲过去起床晚,但现在不得不早起了。

She is used to eating meat.她习惯吃肉。

He wasn’t used to eating in a restaurant.他不习惯在饭店吃饭。

Knives are used to cut things.刀是被用来切东西的。(被动语态)

方法技巧清单

方法技巧

方法一了解命题规律

测试内容出现频率较高的情态动词主要集中在can,may,must,need 等次的用法上,重点为以下四点:

1.can ,could 表能力的用法。

2. 常见情态动词的提问和回答,尤其是May I …?No,you mustn’t/ can’t. Must I …?

No, you needn’t/

3. 表示推测的用法,肯定句中用may (可能),must (一定),否定句中用may not(可能不),can’t(不可能)。注意can’t 与mustn’t 的区别。

4. 情态动词的被动语态。

方法二掌握突破方法

1. 从整体上把握情态动词的基本用法。

例—________ you pass me a pen? I’d like to write down the phone number. —Sure. Here it is.

A. Can

B. Need

C. Might

D. Must

【解析】由题干可知,本句表示请求、许可。

【答案】A

2. 逐个学习,了解每个情态动词的用法特征。

例—May I go to the cinema, mum? —Certainly, but you ________ be back by 11 o’clock.

A. can

B. may

C. must

D. need

[解析] 由题意可知,此处并非表推测的用法,而是妈妈对孩子提出的要求,故选C, 意为“必须”。

[答案] C

3. 认真区别具有相同功能的、意思相近的情态动词的用法。

例You ______ get there by bus.

A. don’t need

B. needn’t to

C. don’t need to

D. need don’t to

【解析】由选项A 可知need 为实义动词,故应加上to 才正确。选项 B needn’t为情态动词,应去掉to,故选C.

答案C

4. 解答情态动词的题目时,一定要细心领会情景特征,不要放过任何细节,只有这样才能找到足够的信息,确定最佳答案。

例You _______ worry about me. It’s nothing serious.

A. can’t

B. mustn’t

C. needn’t

D. won’t

【解析】由题干It’s nothing serious 可推断,第一句意为“你不必为我担心”,故选C。本题易错选B, mustn’t 意为“禁止”,故不正确。

答案 C

易错题型清单

错题透视

错因一语境理解错误

例—Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Please? —Sorry, I’m not sure . But it _______ be.

[分析] 考查情态动词might 表推测的用法。“I’m not sure”说明说话者的语气并不肯定,所以要用might。

答案A

【错因透视】情态动词表示推测时,肯定句中用might ,may,must,其肯定程度递增。

错因二否定形式混淆

例The man in the office___be Mr. Black because he went home just now.

A.mustn’t

B.may not

C.can’t

D.needn’t

【分析】由下文he went home just now 可知,作者判断办公室里那个人(不可能是Mr. Black 。mustn’t 意为“千万别”,may not 意为“可能不”,needn’t意为“不必”。

can’t 意为不可能,故选C。

答案C

【错因透视】情态动词的否定式含义不同,要牢记每个否定式的不同含义。

错因三相似词语混淆

例---Can you go surfing with us this afternoon?

----I’d like to , but I __ look after my sister at home , because my mother is ill.

A.need

B.must

C.have to

D.should

【分析】由题干my mother is ill 为客观要求可知,选C.

答案 C

[错因透视]

相似词组must 表示主观愿望,have to 则为客观要求。学生由于不清楚这一点而误选B项。

错因四疑问答语易错解

例----May I take this book out of the reading room?

------______. Please read it here.

A. Certainly

B.No, you needn’t

C.No, you mustn’t

D.No, you may not

【分析】May I …? 的否定答语为No, you can’t/ mustn’t. ; Must I …?否定答语为No,you needn’t/don’t have to.; Can I …? 的否定答语为No,you can’t. 在口语交际中,要体会句子中的情感差别。

【答案】C

【错因透视】学生由于看到问句中用的情态动词may 而误选D项。应该注意在有问话与答语的上下文中,下文不一定要填上文出现的情态动词,而要注意情感的细微变化。

活学巧练

----_____ you help me answer the telephone?

----OK.

A. Can

B. May

C. Need

D. Must

Tom is young but he ____ fly a kite by himself.

A. can

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