被动语态
知识清单
语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语动词之间的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。
知识1 被动语态的构成
被动语态的基本结构是―be＋动词的过去分词‖。各种时态的主、被动语态结构（以do 为例）见下表：
1、各种时态的被动语态
（1）一般现在时
一般现在时的被动语态的构成是―am/is/are+过去分词‖。
He is loved by all his pupils. 他受到所有学生的爱戴。
The little boy is called Alva. 小男孩叫阿尔瓦。
Is King Lear written by Shakespeare? 《李尔王》是莎士比亚写的吗？
例—What a beautiful factory! I want to work in it.
—Well, workers very much here.
A. need
B. are needing
C. are needed
D. will need
（2）一般过去时
一般过去时的被动语态的构成为“was/were+过去分词”。
I was brought up by my aunt. 我是由姑姑带大的。
The letter was written in Spanish. 这封信是用西班牙语写的。
例Many accidents by careless drivers last year.
A. are caused
B. were caused
C. have caused
D. will cause
（3）一般将来时
一般将来时的被动语态的构成为“will/shall+be+过去分词”。shall主要用于第一人称，I，we；will可用于各种人称。
I shall be given a chance to play in this game again. 我将获得再一次参加比赛的机会。
When will the work be finished? 这项工作什么时候完成？
例Don't worry. Your package here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here.
A. will keep
B. has kept
C. will be kept
D. has been kept
（4）现在进行时
现在进行时的被动语态的构成为“am/is/are+being+过去分词”。
The school library is now being built. 学校图书馆现在正在建设中。
Is the accident now being looked into? 这起事故现在正在调查中吗？
例 A new cinema here now. They hope to finish it next month.
A. will be built
B. is building
C. has built
D. is being built
（5）过去进行时
过去进行时的被动语态的构成为“was/were+being+过去分词”。
The car was being fixed when you meant to drive it away. 当你要把车开走时，车正在修理。
The hall was being built last year. I'm not sure if it is complete.
这个大厅去年正在修建，我不清楚现在完成了没有。
例Trees here this time last year.
A. were being planted
B. planted
C. were planted
D. were planting
（6）现在完成时
现在完成时的被动语态的构成为“have/has+been+过去分词”。
The work has been finished. 工作已经做完了。
All these products have been tested. 所有这些产品都经过了测试。
Has the sports meeting been put off until next Friday? 运动会推迟到下周五了吗？
例—David, turn off the TV no one is watching it.
—But it off already! The music is from the radio.
A. so that; has been turned
B. when; has turned
C. if; has been turned
D. because; has turned
（7）过去完成时
过去完成时的被动语态的构成为“had+been+过去分词”。
The room had been broken into before we came. 我们来之前有人闯进过这间屋子。
The story had been introduced to me for 30 years when I realized it was so important to me.
我知道这个故事30年后才意识到它对我如此重要。
（8）过去将来时
过去将来时的被动语态的构成为“would/should+be+过去分词”。
My sister would be taken care of by Grandma. 我妹妹将得到奶奶的照料。
He said that a new school would be built the next year. 他说第二年将建一所学校。
2、情态动词的被动语态
（1）肯定句式：主语+情态动词+be+过去分词
Such work can be done in an hour or so. 这项工作可以在一个小时左右完成。
The computer must be repaired now. 电脑必须立刻修理。
（2）否定句式：主语+情态动词+not+be+过去分词
Anything here can't be touched. 这里的任何东西都不能碰。
Such problems oughtn't to be ignored. 这些问题不容忽视。
（3）一般疑问句式：情态动词+主语+be+过去分词
Shall dogs and cats be taken into this park? 狗和猫允许带到这个公园里吗？
Can the report be handed in at the end of the week? 报告本周末交可以吗？
（4）特殊疑问句式：①疑问词（不作主语）+情态动词+主语+be+过去分词
②疑问词（作主语）+情态动词+be+过去分词
Where can the garbage be deposited? 这些垃圾可以放在哪里？
Who might be elected president of the university? 谁可能被选为这所大学的校长？
知识2 被动语态的用法
1、不知或不必提及动作的执行者
不知道或者没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时，常用被动语态。
Three people were injured. 三人受伤。
The building was burned down. 大楼烧毁了。
When will the result be announced? 结果什么时候宣布？
The little boy was nearly drowned. 小男孩差点淹死了。
The book was published in 2000. 这本书是2000年出版的。
2、强调动作的承受者
当强调动作的承受者，将承受者作为谈话的中心时用被动语态。这类句子常有一个by 引导的短语说明动作的执行者，有时也可没有。
This poem was written by Whitman. 这首诗是由惠特曼写的。
These children were well tended by neighbors. 这些孩子是由邻居精心照料的。
The plan was successfully carried out. 这个计划成功实施了。
Many houses were destroyed in the war. 很多房子在战争中毁坏了。
3、动作的执行者很模糊
当动作的执行者是泛指时（如people，one等），常用语被动语态。
It is believed that the work will be completed successfully.
人们相信这项工作将会圆满完成。
The song is said to be very popular abroad. 据说这首歌在国外很流行。
He is suspected of robbing the bank. 有人怀疑他抢银行。
The letter has been opened. 这封信有人拆开过。
4、出于礼貌，避免说出动作的执行者
有时出于礼貌，不便提到动作的执行者，此时用被动语态。动作的执行者有可能是别人也有可能是自己。
The window was broken this morning. 今天早上窗玻璃让人打碎了。
My diary book has been browsed. 我的日记让人看了。
I have been told many times not to make noises. 有人多次告诉我不要吵闹。
It is hoped that such things would not happen again. 希望这样的事情不再发生。
5、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态
The window was blown open by wind. 窗户被风吹开了。
The whole village has been washed away by the flood. 整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。
6、科技文献中为了客观地描述事物及其变化过程应使用被动语态
The film is coated with light-sensitive chemicals, which are changed by the different shades and colors of light.
胶卷上涂有一层感光的化学物质，这些物质随着光的不同色度与颜色而改变。
7、在新闻报道中使用被动语态可以体现新闻的客观性
The West-East Gas Pipeline Project was kicked off on July 4, 2002, a big event in the nation's West Development Campaign.
西气东输工程于2002年7月4日全线开工，这是国家西部大开发战略的一件大事。
8、有些动词习惯上只用于被动语态
He was born in this city. 他出生在这个城市。
知识3 主动语态和被动语态的转换
1、主动语态变被动语态
（1）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变为主格。
（2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变为宾格，并由by引导。
（3）谓语动词变为相应的被动形式。
主动语态：动作执行者+谓语动词主动形式+动作承受者。
被动语态：动作承受者+谓语动词被动形式+by+动作执行者
Sam planted the tree last year.（变为被动语态）
→The tree was planted by Sam last year.
Bruce writes a letter every week.（变为被动语态）
→A letter is written by Bruce every week.
2、带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态
带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可以将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化成主语，则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。
She gave me a book.（变为被动语态）
→I was given a book by her.（间接宾语me变为主语）
→A book was given to me by her.（直接宾语a book变为主语）
温馨提示
间接宾语前带to的动词有：bring，give，send，show，pass，take，lend，post，teach，write，throw等。间接宾语前带for的动词有：buy，cook，find，get，make，save等。
3、短语动词变为被动语态
许多由不及物动词构成的短语动词相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态。
The children have been taken good care of. 这些孩子得到了很好的照料。
温馨提示
短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不能丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。
We should speak to the old politely.（变为被动语态）
→The old should be spoken to politely.
4、带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态
宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补足语。
I heard Jane playing the piano in her room.（变为被动语态）
→Jane was heard playing the piano in her room.
She told us to follow her instructions.（变为被动语态）
→We were told to follow her instructions.
温馨提示
在see，watch，hear，notice，make，let，have，feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但变成被动语态后都要带上to，这时不定式为主语补足语。也就是说不定式作主语补足语时不存在省略to的问题。
We often hear him play the guitar.（变为被动语态）
→He is often heard to play the guitar.
5、含有情态动词的句子变被动语态
若主动语态中谓语含有情态动词，在相应的被动语态中通常应保留该情态动词，其结构为“情态动词+be（或be的适当时态形式）+过去分词”。
Everyone must know this.
→This must be known by everyone.
The boss may have sent her to work elsewhere.
→She may have been sent to work elsewhere by the boss.
知识4 被动语态的注意事项
1、主动形式表被动意义
（1）open，lock，write，read，sell，clean，wash，cut，burn，drive，peel等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动形式表被动意义。
This kind of shirt sells well here. 这种样式的衬衫在这里很好卖。
This shirt washes well. 这件衬衫很耐洗。
The car drives well. 这辆车很好开。
This orange peels easily. 这个橘子很容易剥皮。
（2）look，sound，taste，smell，feel等系动词用主动形式表被动意义。
Uniforms look ugly on us. 制服穿在我们身上很难看。
Mooncakes taste delicious. 月饼尝起来很可口。
The song sounds wonderful. 这首歌听上去棒极了。
（3）在be worth doing中，doing表被动意义。
The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
The topic is well worth talking about. 这个话题很值得讨论。
The football match is well worth watching. 这场足球赛很值得观看。
（4）want，need，require等动词表示需要，后面常可跟v.+doing形式表被动，相当于to be done。
My bike needs repairing.= My bike needs to be repaired. 我的自行车需要修理了。
Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。
The room needs cleaning. 这个房间需要打扫了。
2、被动形式表主动意义
常见的用被动形式表主动意义的词或词组有以下这些：
（1）be seated坐着，就座，相当于seat oneself。
He is seated on a bench.（=He seats himself on a bench.）他坐在长凳上。
Please be seated, ladies and gentlemen! 女士们，先生们，请就座！
（2）be hidden躲藏，相当于hide oneself。
He was hidden behind the door.（=He hid himself behind the door.）他藏在门后。
（3）be lost迷路
He was lost in the forest. 他在森林里迷路了。
（4）be dressed穿着
The girl was dressed in a red short skirt. 这个女孩穿着一件红色的短裙。
3、被动语态和系表结构的区别
（1）被动语态表示以主语为动作的承受者，而系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态。二者形式相同，意义却不一样。
The shop is closed at 9:00 p.m. 这个商店晚上九点钟关门。（动作）
The shop is closed today. 这个商店今天不营业。（状态）
（2）系表结构中的过去分词常有固定的介词搭配，被动语态结构中则没有。
Miss Wang is satisfied with us.（系表结构）王老师对我们很满意。
（3）系表结构中的过去分词可以被副词修饰。
She's so worried about her exams.（系表结构）她非常担心她的考试。
（4）系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而被动语态可用于多种时态。
New product are being made. 新产品正在制造中。
The book has already been translated into many languages. 这本书已经被译成了多种语言。
The meeting will be put off. 会议将延期。
以上三个句子是被动语态，而不是系表结构。
4、不能使用被动语态的情况
（1）主动句的宾语是相互代词each other或反身代词时，不能用被动语态。
The man introduced himself as Mr. White.（主动语态）那个人自我介绍说他是怀特先生。
Himself was introduced as Mr. White.（误）
They help each other study English.（主动语态）他们相互帮助学习。
Each other is helped to study English.（误）
（2）当主动句的谓语动词是表状态的及物动词时，不能用于被动语态。
We will have a meeting.（主动语态）我们打算开一个会。
A meeting will be had by us.（误）
（3）主动句的宾语是不定式或动名词时，不能作被动语态中的主语。
My brother enjoys watching TV.（主动语态）我弟弟喜欢看电视。
Watching TV is enjoyed by my brother.（误）
He asked to have a try.（主动语态）他请求试一次。
To have a try was asked by him.（误）
（4）宾语是谓语动词的同源宾语时，不可用于被动语态。
They live a happy life. 他们过着幸福的生活。
A happy life is lived by them.（误）
The girl dreamed a sweet dream. 那女孩做了个甜美的梦。
A sweet dream was dreamed by the girl.（误）
（5）宾语带有与主语有照应关系的物主代词时，不可用于被动语态。
The old man broke his（=the old man's）legs.（主动语态）那位老人把自己的腿弄断了。
The old man's legs were broken by himself.（误）
The girl shook her（=the girl's）head.（主动语态）那个女孩摇了摇头。
The girl's head was shaken by herself.（误）
5、关于被动语态结构的习惯用法
表示“据说”、“大家相信”、“众所周知”等的句型，由“It is+believe/report/say/think/know...的过去分词”构成，现在这些句型已成为习惯用法。
It is said that... 据说……
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is believed that... 大家相信……
It is well known that... 众所周知……
It is thought that.... 大家认为……
方法清单
方法1 判断动作的执行者或承受者
对于被动语态，试题主要是让大家能够找出动作的执行者或承受者，这就要根据句子的意思进行判断，然后根据句子中的时间做出正确的选择。
例1 Liu Xiang by his coach to train regularly.
A. advised
B. advises
C. was advised
D. be advised
例2 —Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start.
—I'm sorry, but I when to leave.
A. don't tell
B. didn't tell
C. wasn't told
例3 —Doctor, it seems that you like to work with animals.
—Yes, I think animals should as our friends.
A. regard
B. be regarded
C. be regarding
D. are regarded
方法2 时态判断法
被动语态的使用，离不开时态。所以应根据句中所提供的时间状语或上下文的暗示来分析判断应该使用哪种时态的被动语态。
例1 More than 100 workers from the coal mine in April this year.
A. save
B. saved
C. are saved
D. were saved
例2 —Are you going to the party?
—No, because I .
A. wasn't invited
B. haven't invited
C. didn't invite
D. haven't been invited
例3 Don't be afraid. The dog to the tree.
A. is tied
B. must tie
C. was tied
D. has tied
专项练习
A组夯实基础
一、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空
1.It's said that the long bridge （build）in two months．
2.Where to have the meeting （discuss）now．
3.Which language the most widely （speak）in the world？
4.The lost boy （not find）so far．
https://www.360docs.net/doc/6b6152604.html,st year a large number of trees （cut）down．
6. The students often （tell）to take care of their desks and chairs.
7. The old man is ill. He （must send）to the hospital.
8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits （sell）in this shop.
9. How long your uncle （be）in the city?
10. Can the magazine （take）out of the library?
11. The room （clean）by me every day.
12. The stars can’t（see）in the daytime.
13. Some flowers （water）by Li Ming already.
14. This kind of shoes （sell）well.
15. The food （smell）delicious.
二、将下列句子改为被动语态
1. The children will sing an English song.
An English song by the children.
2. You needn't do it now.
It by you now.
3. People use metal for making machines.
Metal making machines.
4. He made me do that for him.
I that for him.
5. They are watching the football match.
The football match by them.
6. Did they build a bridge here a year ago?
a bridge here by them a year ago?
三、改错
1.I have a lot of homework to be done tonight.
2.Is your history teacher listened carefully in class？
3.Lei Feng's name remembered by all Chinese people.
4.The music is sounded beautiful.
5.By who was this new educational CD-ROM designed ?
B组能力提升
一、单项选择
1. The road last year.
A. builds
B. built
C. was built
D. is built
2. Liu Xiang by his coach to train regularly.
A. advised
B. advises
C. was advised
D. be advised
3. A Disneyland Park in Shanghai Pudong New Area in the near future.
A. builds
B. has built
C. will build
D. will be built
4.—Can you sing this English song? —Of course, I can. It many times on the radio.
A. taught
B. has taught
C. is taught
D. has been taught
5. The 16th Asian Games in Guangzhou in November,2010.
A. holds
B. will hold
C. was held
D. will be held
6. No conclusion before we complete this test .
A. is made
B. will be made
C. has made
7. Necessary action so that students can be safe at schools.
A. can be taken
B. must be taken
C. may be taken
D. might be taken
8. More than 100 workers from the Wangjialing Coal Mine in April this year.
A. is saved
B. are saved
C. was saved
D. were saved
9.Another new railway station in Changsha in 2011.
A. was built
B. build
C. will be built
10. People in Korea bow when they meet for the first time.
A. supposed to
B. are suppose to
C. are supposed to
11. —Doctor, it seems that you like to work with animals.
—Yes, I think animals should as our friends.
A. regard
B. be regarded
C. be regarding
D. are regarded
12. —What are on show in the museum?
—Some photos by the children of Yushu, Qinghai.
A. have been taken
B. were taken
C. are taken
D. taken
13. You’d better put the books here. They, with the dictionary, back where they were.
A. should put
B. could put
C. can be put
D. must be put
14. The sick boy to hospital by the police yesterday.
A. is taken
B. was taken
C. takes
D. took
15. Waste paper shouldn’t everywhere. It’s our duty to keep our city clean.
A. be thrown
B. throw
C. is thrown
D. are thrown
16. –Do you have any problems if you this job?
A. offer
B. will offer
C. are offered
D. will be offered
17. It is reported that more new teaching buildings in our school in the next term.
A. will be built
B. was built
C. has built
D. will build
18.—David, turn off the TV no one is watching it.
—But it off already! The music is from the radio.
A. so that, has been turned
B. when, has turned
C. if, has been turned
D. because, has turned
19. John a job in a bank, but to our surprise, he didn’t take it.
A. is offered
B. offered
C. was offered
D. has offered
20.—It’s difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.
—I think a bridge over the river.
A. was built
B. is being built
C. has been built
D. should be built
21. I to get there before seven tomorrow, so I’ll have to get up early .
A. told
B. have told
C. will tell
D. was told
22.The village is building a school. I hope it before August this year.
A. finishes
B. will finish
C. is finished
D. will be finished
23.—I want to be a doctor.
—Doctors in every part of the world, I think.
A. need
B. are needed
C. are needing
D. will need
24. When you leave the room, make sure the door .
A. was locked
B. is locked
C. will be locked
D. should be locked
25.—Do you believe there are aliens?
—I am afraid not. I don’t think aliens in space.
A. can find B . can be found C. can be found D. can’t be found
26.—I want to be a Chinese teacher when I grow up.
—That’s great. Chinese teachers in China and some foreign countries.
A. need
B. are needing
C. are needed
D. will need
27. Don’t worry. You plenty of time to decide.
A. will give
B. have given
C. will be given
D. are giving
28. As China grows stronger and stronger, Chinese in more and more schools out of our country.
A. teaches
B. is taught
C. has taught
D. was taught
29. The young man was often seen by the lake.
A. to draw
B. to drawing
C. draw
D. drew
30. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, as People’s Writer.
A. is regarded
B. has regarded
C. is regarding
D. regards
二、将下列句子改为被动语态
1. He told me that he would come back soon.
2. You can find a lot of differences between the two languages.
3. Do you water your flowers every day?
4. I think that he is right.
5. Mother was not mending the trousers.
被动语态专项练习二
被动语态自我检测 Name _______________ I. 将下列句子改为被动语态： 1. People make paper from wood. 2. A car knocked him down yesterday. 3. The workers are painting the wall white. 4. My brother often makes me do this or that. 5. I can’t find the magazine you lent me last week. 6. We know that England is an island country. 7. He told us a long and interesting story last night. 8. Students listen to the teacher carefully in class. II. 下列句子有错吗？有的请改正： 1.The dish is tasted delicious. ____________ 2.Jack was seen take away your umbrella. ____________ 3.So far many tall buildings were built in the nearby cities. ____________ 4.This passage is well worth being read. ____________ 5.This kind of book sells well. ____________ 6.The kids are taken good care in this kindergarten. ____________ 7.The accident was happened near the park last night. ____________ 8.The task will be finished in two weeks. ____________ III. 用括号内的动词填空： 1. The window ______________ (break) when I got there. 2. These pictures must _________ (keep) well. 3. She _________ (fall) ill last night, and she _________(take) to the hospital at once. 4. Rice and wheat ____________(grow) in my hometown, too. Look! The Crops ____________(grow) fast in the fields. 5. _________ the street lights usually ______(turn) on at seven in summer evening ? 6. It __________ (say) that Mr. Li twisted his ankle badly last night. ________ the doctor __________(send) for at once ? 7. We used a teapot before the thermos(暖水瓶) __________(invent). 8. What language __________(speak) in Japan ? 9. A new bride _____________(build) this time last year. 10. The doctor said Jim must ___________(operate) on at once. 11. A lot of trees ______________(plant) along the river in the following two years. 12. A lot of tall buildings _____________(set up) since last year.
一般将来时的被动语态
语态是表示主语和动词之间的主动关系或被动关系的动词形式。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者（施动者），被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者（受动者）。本单元的语法是一般将来时态的被动语态，现就其用法归纳如下： 一、一般将来时态的被动语态的基本结构的构成： 1．一般将来时态的被动语态的肯定式为：主语+shall / will + be done。(shall 用于第一人称，will用于各种人称) 如：We shall / will be punished if we break the rule. 如果我们违反规定，我们将要受到惩罚。 The new film will be shown next Thursday. 这部新电影将在下周四上映。 2．一般将来时态的被动语态的否定式为：主语+shall / will + not + be done.（可缩写成shan’t或won’t）如： The meeting won’t be held tomo rrow. 明天不再举行会议。 The exhibition won’t be put off till next week.
展览会将不会推迟到下周。 3．一般将来时态的被动语态的一般疑问句句式：shall / will+主语+be done。（回答用yes或no）如： Won’t water be turned into ice, i f it is below freezing temperature? 如果气温在冰点之下，水难道不会变成冰吗？ ---Will the work be finished at once? ---Yes, it will. ---这项工作会立刻被完成吗？---是的，立刻就完成。 4．一般将来时态的被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词+ shall / will + 主语+ be done。如： When will these books be published? 这些书将在什么时候被出版？ 二、一般将来时态的被动语态的其他结构构成： 1．主语+be going to +be done Some old buildings are going to be put down. 一些旧的楼房将被推倒。 The problem isn’t going to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow.
英语语法：被动语态的用法
英语语法：被动语态的用法 1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去 分词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday. 我们教室每天都被打扫。 I am asked to study hard. 我被告知要努力学习。 Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用来切东西的。 2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分 词 A new shop was built last year. 去年修了一座新商店。 Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 恐龙蛋被放置了很久很久。 3. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our city. 我们城市将要修建 一家新医院。 Many more trees will be planted next year. 明年会种更多的树。 4. 现在实行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动 词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tom now. 王叔叔正在修理我的自 行车。
They are planting trees over there. → Trees are being planted over there by them. 他们在那里种植的树木。 5. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. 这本书被翻译成多种文字。 Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 在很多国家有很多人造卫星被送上了太空。 6.过去实行时的被动语态构成：was/were + being + 及物动词的过去分词 The boy was being operated on when his parents hurried to the hospital.当他的父母赶到医院的时候这个男孩正在做手术。 The new road was being made.这条新路正在修筑。 7.过去完成时的被动语态构成：had + been + 及物动词的过去分词 The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came. 在老师来之前，教室尚未打扫。 The tickets had been sold out before I came to the cinema.在门票被销售一空前我赶到了电影院。 8.将来完成时的被动语态构成：shall/will + have done
被动语态2
被动语态2 I. 主动语态转换成被动语态时应注意的一些结构： 1. 双宾语结构（主语+谓语+间宾+直宾） He gave me a pen. 1)I was given a pen. (用主动句中的间宾作主语) 2) A pen was given to me. (用主动句中的直宾作主语---注意：这种改法需要添加介词) He showed me some photos. 1) I was shown some photos. 2) Some photos were shown to me. 请仿照例子改写以下的句子： They lent me some money. She bought them some apples. Father has told us the story. 2. 宾补结构(主语+谓语+宾语+补语) 2.1 现在分词作宾补： We found him lying in bed. He was found lying in bed. I saw John watching TV in his room. John was seen watching TV in his room. 请仿照例子改写以下的句子： Someone saw David playing football at the playground. Someone found Jimmy dating with a pretty girl. 2.2 不定式作宾补： The teacher encouraged us to work hard at English. We were encouraged to work hard at English. The policeman didn’t allow the driver to park his car there. The driver wasn’t allowed to park his car there. 请仿照例子改写以下的句子： Jim’s parents asked him to clean the kitchen. The school authority requests the students to wear school uniforms. The company required the candidates to present themselves 15 minutes before the interview begins.
英语被动语态用法详解(1)
英语被动语态用法详解(1) 一、单项选择被动语态 1．— Can we play basketball in the school gym? — No, it ______ during the summer holidays. A．is repaired B．is being repaired C．was repaired D．has been repaired 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查时态语态。句意：--我们可以在学校操场上打篮球吗？--不行，暑假期间操场正在被修葺。根据句意可知，这里是表示正在进行，所以要用现在进行时。主语it和动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态。故选B。 2．________scores of times, but Derek still couldn’t understand how to use past participle in a concrete situation. A．Having explained B．Having been explained C．Though it was explained D．It was explained 【答案】D 【解析】 因为有连词but，前面应是完整的句子，排除A,B; Though不能和but同时使用，所以选D。 3．(江苏四校第四次考试)The flood has caused a lot of damage to that area and the figures of the missing________shortly. A．will be published B．have been published C．had been published D．are published 【答案】A 【解析】 考查时态。shortly不久，不多时，在句中作时间状语，表示将来，所以空处应该用将来时。句意为：这场洪水给那一地区造成了很大损失，失踪人数很快就会公布。 答案：A 4．(桂林部分学校高三质量检测)The wet weather will continue tomorrow，when a cold front________to arrive. A．will be expected B．is expecting C．expects D．is expected 【答案】D 【解析】 考查动词的时态和语态。句意为：预计将有一股冷锋到来，因此潮湿的天气明天将会继
初中英语语法：被动语态
初中英语语法：被动语态 概念：英语有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者或发出者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。 构成：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成； 助动词be有人称、数及时态的变化； 含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成 被动语态的否定式是在助动词后加否定词not；而疑问式是将助动词移到主语前面即可Stamps can be used for sending letters. 邮票能用来寄信。 He was asked to go to the meeting immediately. 他被要求立刻去参加这个会议。 This kind of bike is not made in Tianjin. 这种自行车不是天津制造的。 Is this kind of bike make in Tianjin? 这种自行车是在天津制造的吗？ 用法1.当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁或没有必要知道时，常用被动语态。 These desks are made of wood. 这些桌子是由木头做成的。 2.当需要强调动作的承受者时，常用被动语态。 Dictionaries can’t be used in the English exam. 词典不能在英语测试中使用。 3.为了使语气婉转、避免提到自己或对方、或由于修饰的需要而使用被动语态。 The homework must be handed in next Monday. 作业必须下周一交上。
被动语态的转换步骤：当主动语态变为被动语态时，通常要经过四步： 1.先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其谓语动词。 2.把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变成被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词时，应把宾格 变为主格 3.把主动句中的谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”，但时态不能改变。 4.把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语（没必要说出动作的执 行者时可略去“by+宾语”），若主语是人称代词时，应把主格变成宾格。 We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。 The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。 主动语态变被动语态应注意：1.时态要一致。 I wrote a letter to my pen pal yesterday. (一般过去时) A letter was written to my pen pal yesterday (by me). They will discuss the plan at the meeting. 2.含双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动结构变为被动结构时，可将其中一个宾语变 为主语，另一个不变；如果将主动结构的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，这时一般要加个介词to或for。My parents gave me a watch. I was given a watch by my parents. A watch was given to me by my parents. His father bought him a computer last week. 3.在主动语态中，使役动词如make，let，have或感官动词如hear，watch，see后跟 不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态里必须带to。 My parents often made me babysit my little sister .
被动语态2
句容二中被动语态专项练习二 一、把下列句子变为被动语态（20分） 1. People speak English in many countries. 2．He often helps Tom when Tom is in trouble. 3．We saw a bus running towards us at that time 4.We heard her sing at the party last Sunday. 5.You must take good care of the children. 6.He wrote a book on computers. 7.We planted millions of trees last year. 8.She told me about it just now. 9.They are preparing for the exam. 10.People may use English everywhere in the world. 二、选择填空（32分） ()1.The strange thing was used ______ wine（酒）by ancient（古代的）people. A.for drink B.to drink C.drinking D.drinked ()2.Today,too many trees are still _____ in the world. A.cutting down B.cut down C.being cut down D.cutted down ()3.English _____ in many countries,but Chinese _____ their own languages. A.is spoken,speaks B.speaks,is spoken C.is spoken,speaken D.is spoken,is spoken ()4.This kind of apple ______ in Jinzhou. A.is grown B.grow C.grew D.are grown ()5.These young trees must ______ after well. A.look B.looks after C.be looked D.looked ()6.My coat is made _____ cool（羊毛）and silk. A.to B.for C.from D.of ()7.Our teacher was seen ______ to the office a moment ago. A.go B.to go C.going D.goes ()8.The Oxford Castle（城堡）_____ by Henry·H(1154-1189).It is in very good condition now. A.built B.was built C.has been built D.is built ()9.Ice can be _____ water.
被动语态一
、将下列句子变为被动语态 1. They will build a road here. 2. My father is mending my bike now. 3. What did you say at the meeting? 4. We must finish our homework first. 5.Shall we water the flowers? 6. People often see her read in the open air. 7. My mother bought me a new pair of shoes. 8. Did he break the window? 9. We should take good care of the trees. 10. T he children don ' t play basketball well. 二、单项选择 1. ____________________________ Thousands of trees every day. A. are cut down B. are being cut down C. have been cut down D. had been cut down 2. _______________ Football in most middle schools in many countries. A. play B. plays C. is playing D. is played 3. He a warm welcome at the station. A. was given B. gave C. was giving D. has given 4. _______________ The room again tomorrow afternoon. A. will be cleaned B. will clean C. is cleaned D. cleans 5. _________________________ All the answers already. A. have been found out B. have found out C. are found out were found out D. 6. _________________________ A dinosaur show at the museum next week. A. are to be held B. is to be held C. are holding D. will hold 7. _________________________ The Great Wall all over the world. A. are known B. is known C. will be known D. knows 8. _________________ The bird fly away yesterday. A. let to B. is let to C. was let D. was let to 9. Water ____ into ice under 0C. A. will change B. can be changed C. should change D. must be changed
英语语法被动语态归纳总结
英语语法被动语态归纳总结 一、单项选择被动语态 Don't worry. The hard work that you do now _____ later in life.1．was being repaidBAwill be repaid ．．was repaidDChas been repaid ．．A【答案】【解析】later in life意为在以后的生活试题解析：考查时态辨析。根据句子末尾出现的时间状语that you do nownow在句中，可以判断为将来时态，此处要注意的是不要被前文的混淆，the hard work的定语成分，与句子时态无关。故此处为将来时态。句意：不要担中充当A。心，你现在付出的努力在以后一定会有所回报。故选考点：考查时态辨析。 2 A human case of H7N9 was reported in 2014 when a woman______ to be infected with the ．bird flu virus.had been confirmedconfirmed BA．．have confirmedDCwas confirmed ．．C【答案】【解析】2014H7N9年，当时，一名女性被确诊感病毒的报告发生在试题分析：句意：一例人感染was reported in 2014Confirm可知，是过去的事情，先行染了禽流感。证实，确认，根据confirmwoman2014BD是动宾关系，即她、与词是，定语从句也用一般过去时，排除；C。是被确诊的，故选考点：考查时态与被动语态 3()The flood has caused a lot of damage to that area and the figures of 江苏四校第四次考试．the missing________shortly.have been publishedBAwill be published ．．are publishedChad been published D．．A【答案】【解析】shortly不久，不多时，在句中作时间状语，表示将来，所以空处应该用将来考查时态。时。句意为：这场洪水给那一地区造成了很大损失，失踪人数很快就会公布。A答案： The affairs of each country should be by its own people.4．settledAelected B．．containedCdeveloped D．．B【答案】． settle，【解析】考查动词。句意为：各国事务应由自己国家的人们解决。由句意可知，选Bcontain electdevelop “”。选举；。意为包含，控制。故选解决发展； Will Uncle Peterson come to my birthday party tomorrow?—5．Pity he ______ to Zimbabwe as a volunteer teacher.—has been sentwas sent BA．．would be senthad been sent DC．．B【答案】——Peterson——很【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：叔叔明天会来参加我的生日聚会吗？ZimbabweUncle Peterson被派到去做志愿教师了。由语境可知，可惜他已经被派到Zimbabwe这是发生在过去的事情，这个动作对现在产生了影响，故该空应用现在完成时Bhesend选项正确。和之间是被动关系，故该句要用被动语态。综上，态。且主语 6The singer's music video nearly 9 million times since it was posted on the Internet four ．weeks ago.has viewedBAviewed ．．has been viewedCwas viewed D．．D【答案】【解析】B. was viewedA. viewed过去式的被试题分析：考查动词时态与语态辨析。，一般过去式；D. has been viewedC. has viewed，现在完成式的被动语态。句意：，现在完成式；动语态；9百自从四个星期前这位歌手的音乐视频被放在互联网上，这个视频的访问量达到了将近music videosincehas done 是被从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时万次。形式，又因D。访问的，故要用被动语态。故选考点：考查动词时态与语态辨析。 7Later Mrs Smith decided to buy that kind of cloth because she_________ that the cloth ．_________very well.had been told; washedBAhas been told; washes ．．had been told; was washedDCwas told; was washed ．．B【答案】【解析】考查时态与感官动词。主句时态为过去时，而从句时态发生在主句之前，即过去的过去，feel, smell, look, wash等表示感官的动词不用被动语态，直接用主动语故用过去完成时。像: washed随后史密斯夫人决定买那种布，因为有人告态，结合前面时态可知，应选。句意B。诉她那种布很好洗。故选
语法知识—被动语态的分类汇编
一、选择题 1．-Hey, Molly, You______ on the phone just now. But you weren’t here and the man left a phone number. -Oh? I was in the library. A．wanted B．are wanted C．were wanted D．have wanted 2．Han Han’s books are popular. They ___________ by many teenagers now . A．is read B．was read C．are read D．were read 3．—The 2022 Winter Olympic Games in China. —I’m sure it will be a great success. A．hold B．will hold C．were held D．will be held 4．—Zheng Yuan, why did you go on a vacation to Weifang? — You know I'm a fan of kites. The international kite festival _____there in April every year. A．is held B．was held C．will be held 5．I won't leave my office until my work___________. A．finishes B．will finish C．is finished D．finishing 6．More trees __________ on both sides of the road in our city this coming winter holidays. A．are planted B．were planted C．will be planted D．have been planted 7．Thanks to the Internet, different kinds of information ________ in a short time. A．can learn B．need learn C．can be learned D．need be learned 8．—Where did you go last night? —I to go to Li Lei’s birthday party. A．asked B．am asked C．have been asked D．was asked 9．This book_______by a lot of young people today. A．reads B．are reading C．is read 10．Mike, you can go out if your homework ________. A．finish B．finishes C．will finish D．is finished 11．—The park is the oldest one in our city. —Yes. it _______ when I was sixteen years old. A．is built B．was built C．build D．built 12．-Can he get the first prize for running? -Impossible now. He _______ so, but he has just hurt his leg. A．would expect to do B．was expected to do C．has expected doing D．is expected doing 13．It's said that petrol(石油) _____________ in less than 100 years. So we should try to walk more instead of driving cars. A．used for B．will be used up C．used up D．will be used for 14．—Do you think the old machine is ____________， grandma? —Yes, it is _________for carrying water.
二.被动语态
?.被动语态 动词语态（Voice）是表示动词主语与动词所表示的动作之间关系的?种动词形式。动词语态有两种：主动语态（T he Act ive Voice）和被动语态（T he Passive Voice）。主动语态表示主语是动作的执?者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。动词被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成。 ? 能?于被动语态的动词特征 1．只有及物动词才能?于被动语态。例如： T he poem was writ t en by him. 这?诗是他写的。 A new element has been discovered by t he scient ist. ?个新元素已被这位科学家发现。2．注意某些及物动词语态的正确使? （1）表示情感的动词 excit e 使…激动，int erest 使…产?兴趣，sat isfy 使…满意，delight 使…?兴，please 使…?兴，ast onish使…惊奇，puzzle 使…困惑，confuse 使…糊涂，embarrass 使…尴尬，annoy 使…不悦，amaze 使…惊异，等。 例如： T he news excit ed us. 消息使我们激动。 We were excit ed at t he news. 听到消息我们很激动。 T he int erview sat is?ed t he manager. 访谈使经理满意。 T he manager was sat is?ed wit h t he int erview. 经理对访谈很满意。 （2）表示受伤的动词hurt, injure, wound。例如： T he driver hurt himself in t he accident. T he driver was hurt in t he accident. 驾驶员在事故中受伤。 T he bullet wounded his back. He was wounded in t he back. 他背部被?弹打伤。 （3）其他动词如base 以…为基础，line 沿…排列，?ll 使…充满，separat e 使…分离，crowd 塞满，cover 覆盖，等。例如： He based his ?lm on a t rue st ory. His ?lm was based on a t rue st ory. 他的影?以?个真实故事为基础。 Green t rees line t he highway. T he highway is lined wit h green t rees. 绿树沿公路排列。 She covered t he ?oor wit h a red carpet. T he ?oor was covered wit h a red carpet. 地板上铺着红地毯。 T he st rait separat es t he island from t he mainland. T he island is separat ed from t he mainland by t he st rait. 海峡把岛和?陆隔开。 ? 不能?于被动语态的动词特征 1．不及物动词不能?作被动语态
英语语法：被动语态
语法专题复习：动词的被动语态( Passive Voice ) 【Teaching goals】 1.了解五大时态的被动语态结构并掌握其用法。 2.掌握被动语态中特殊的一些表达形式。 3.学会总结所接触语言材料中的规律。 【Teaching Important Points】 了解英语各时态的被动语态及一些特殊表达形式。 【使用说明】 课前认真阅读复习指导用书相关内容并完成自主学习部分的练习。 【自主学习】 Task 1 英语动词分为两种语态：主动语态( active voice)和被动语态( passive voice )。______________表示主语是动作的执行者；___________________表示主语是动作的承受者。 Tell whether the following sentences use active voice or passive voice. 1. English is spoken by many people. ( ) 2. Children often sing the song together. ( ) 3. They will take their daughter to hospital tomorrow. ( ) 4. Our classroom must be cleaned every day. ( ) 5. He was laughed at by all the people. ( ) 6. I borrowed this book from the library last week. ( ) Task 2 被动语态由________________________构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。以write 为例说明被动语态在以下时态中的构成：
被动语态的结构及用法
教学过程 被动语态的结构及用法 Step 1 Warm-up: Review 复习 一、Review the past participle forms of the verbs 1、规则动词过去分词的构成： (1)一般情况+ed 如worked；以不发音的e结尾，直接+d 如liked (2)以“辅音字母+y”，y →i+ed 如study →studied (3)以重读闭音节结尾，词尾仅一个辅音字母，双写词尾辅音字母+ed 如stopped，planned 2、特殊变化：课本附录 Step 2 Presentation:呈现 一、语态概述：略讲 1、英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的，分为主动语态与被动语态两种。 2、主动语态，即主语是动作的执行者。Eg. We clean the classroom. 3、被动语态，即主语是动作的承受者。Eg. The classroom is cleaned by us. 二、被动语态的构成：略 被动语态的基本构成是“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+(by)”。be本身无词义，但有时态、人称和数的变化。by通常紧跟在被动句谓语动词之后，有时也可省。 1、现在： （1）一般现在时am/is/are + done （2）现在进行时am/is/are + being done （3）现在完成时have/has + been done 2、过去： （1）一般过去时was/were + done （2）过去进行时was/were + being done 3、将来：一般将来时shall/will + be done 三、被动语态句式：略 （1）肯定：主语+be+过去分词+(by) The cars are made by them. （2）否定：主语+be+not+过去分词+(by)The cars are not made by them. （3）一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词+(by) Are the cars made by them? （4）含有情态动词的被动语态：主语+情态动词+(not)+be<原形>+过去分词+(by) 四、被动语态的用法： 1、强调动作的承受者eg. Her bike is stolen. 2、淡化动作的执行者（没有说明、没必要指出、不知道） Eg. This coat is made of cotton.这件大衣是棉制的。 3、动作的承受者是谈话的中心eg. The picture was drawn by a boy under eight. Step 3 Consolidation:巩固 五、主动与被动的转换：时态不变 A.主动中的宾语→被动语态的主语 B.谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词） C.主动中的主语→被动语态的宾语（介词by之后），主格→宾格 Eg. He cut down a tree.→A tree was cut down by him. 1、S+V+O