非谓语动词使用方法及原则

四、动词★★★★★

考察方式:1、动词短语固定搭配2、非谓语动词在句子中所能充当的成分3、主谓一致4、情态动词

5、结合时态及从句

在英语的学习过程中，动词为整个句子的核心，而动词分为两类：谓语动词和非谓语动词，担当谓语的为谓语动词。

以下哪些为谓语动词哪些为非谓语动词？

Doing, Having done, being done, to have done, is being done, broken, learned

谓语动词:

什么是谓语动词?

在英文当中谓语=谓语动词，谓语动词也就是我们通常所说的动词，英语句子【含从句】中有且只有一个谓语动词【除并列：看连词，并列结构前后结构要一致】

非谓语动词：三种形式

过去分词：-ed 过去分词不具有名词性，不能作只有名词才能充当的成分【主语和宾语)

不定式：to do，to have done, to be doing 【未发生的动作，是主观想法，对过去分词的陈述用现在分词】

如何区分谓语动词及非谓语动词?

凭肉眼看,一个动词，如果不是非谓语动词的形式之一，则为谓语; 能说出时态的，必是谓语动词; 情态动词加原形，必是谓语动词; 原形动词，必是谓语动词【除特殊动宾补的情形】

提示:在单项选择及短文改错时,必须时刻提醒自己:每个句子中必须有且只有一个谓语动词.

把握住句子中的谓语动词及非谓语动词也就把握住了句子的基本核心意思,所谓“句子”包括从句，即一个从句亦必有且只有一个谓语动词。阅读中当用此招，迅速找到句子主干，不管有无生词。写作中当明此理，见动词则小心其形式，谓语非谓，形式上泾渭分明。

解题技巧：

【一】分析句子结构,辨别“谓语与非谓语”

1、______many times , but he still couldn't understand it .

2、______many times , he still couldn't understand it .

A. Having been told

B. Being told

C. He had been told

D.Though he was told

【二】找逻辑主语

非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。

1.Walking along the street one day, she saw a little girl running up to her.

2.She is reading a book found on the way.

3.Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.

4. Convinced of the truth of the reports, he told his colleagues about it.

作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语；作宾补的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语；

作定语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被修饰词。

【三】分析语态

分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。

1、“You can’t catch me !” Jane shouted, _______ away.

A. run

B. running

C.to run

D. ran

2. _____ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.

A. Having lost

B. Lost

C. Being lost

D. Losing

【四】分析时态

1. The building ____now will be a restaurant .

2. The building ____ next year will be a restaurant .

3. The building ______last year is a restaurant.

A.having been built

B.to be built

C.being built

D. built

原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式

1．When asked why he went there，he said he was sent there _____ for a space flight.

A. training

B. being trained

C. to have trained

D. to be trained

2. _____ this cake，you’ll need 2 eggs，175 g sugar and 175 g flour.

A. Having made

B. Make

C. To make

D. Making

原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing.

3.As the light turned green，I stood for a moment，not _____，and asked myself what I was going to do.

A.moved

B. moving

C. to move

D. Being moved

－ing形式作伴随状语与to do作目的状语的区别：

原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其原则区别是，一般用-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。

5. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_____ in the natural light during the day. 【2007天津卷】

A. to let

B. letting

C. let

D. having let

6. He hurried to the station, only ______ that the train had left. 【2005广东卷】

A. to find

B. finding

C. found

D. to have found

【解析】only to do sth 在此表示出人意料的结果。

原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动式.

7.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _____. 【2007浙江卷】

A. to be heard

B. to have heard

C. hearing

D. being heard

8. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ______ could be heard outside the classroom.

A. opened and closed

B. to be opened and closed

C. being opened and closed

D. to open and close

原则五：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式【根据情况可用不定式的完成式或—ing的完成式】

9._____ from other continents for millions of years，Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other countries in the world. 【2005湖北卷】

A.Being separated

B. Having separated

C.Having been separated

D. to be separated

原则七：用于名词后作定语时，用不定式，表示动作尚未发生; 用-ing，表示动作正在进行; 用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。当名词与定语有同位关系时只能用不定式做定语

10.There will be more than three hundred scientists attending the meeting _____ the day after tomorrow.

A. hold

B. holding

C. held

D. to be held

原则八：在easy, difficult, hard, comfortable, heavy, light, nice等形容词构成的复合宾语时用不定时做状语

真题复现

01、【山东卷】Look over there—there’s a very long, winding path______ up to the house.

A. leading

B. leads

C. led

D. to lead

02、【江苏卷】Recently a survey _____ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.

A. compared

B. comparing

C. compares

D. being compared

03、【浙江】Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some____ a life span of around 20 years.

A. having

B. had

C. have

D. to have

04、【浙江】Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words.

A. lose

B. lost

C. to lose

D. having lost

05、【浙江】If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ______ by their enthusiastic supporters.

A. being cheered

B. be cheered

C. to be cheered

D. were cheered

06、【福建】Tsinghua University, ____ in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.

A. found

B. founding

C. founded

D. to be founded

07、【福建】The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable ____.

A.held

B. holding

C.be held

D.to hold

08、【天津卷】Passengers are permitted _____ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.

A.to carry

B. carrying

C. to be carried

D. being carried

09、【天津卷】______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.

A. Translating

B. Translated

C. To translate

D. Having translated

10、【安徽卷】Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _____ into small pieces.

A. break

B. breaking

C. broken

D. to break

11、【辽宁卷】_____around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.

A. Gather

B. To gather

C. Gathering

D. To be gathering

12、【北京卷】It’s important for the figures _________ regularly.

A. to be updated

B. to have been updated

C. to update

D. to have updated

13、【北京卷】Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, ________ on your feet.

A. to keep

B. keeping

C. having kept

D. to have kept

14、【湖南卷】The ability _____an idea is as important as the idea itself.

A. expressing

B. expressed

C. to express

D. to be expressed

15、【湖南卷】The players______from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game .

A. selecting

B. to select

C. selected

D. having selected

16、【湖南卷】Do you wake up every morning __________ energetic and ready to start a new day?

A. feel

B. to feel

C. feeling

D. felt

17、【陕西卷】Claire had luggage _______ an hour before her plane left.

A.check

B. checking

C. to check

D. checked

18、【陕西卷】More highways have been built in China, ___________it much easier for people to travel form one place to another.

A. making

B. made

C. to make

D. having made

19、【江西卷】On receiving a phone call from his wife _____ she had a fall, Mr Gordon immediately rushed home from office.

A. says

B. said

C. saying

D. to say

20、【全国卷I】The next thing he saw was smoke ______ from behind the house.

A. rose

B. rising

C. to rise

D. risen

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worth 值得 You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. （2）表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. （3）表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. （4）表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. （5）表性质；特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her. 6）概括性, 一般性 Climbing mountain is very interesting.

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但是值得注意的是在各别情况下，即使是It做形式主语，真正的主语也必须用动名词，这些情况很少，所以希望同学们能单独记忆下来，以下是此类情况的一个总结。 It is/was no use/good doing sth. It is/was not any use/good doing sth. It is/was of little use/good doing sth. 2)非谓语动词做表语非谓语动词作此成分的时候跟作主语时的规则基本一致。在表示“目的，愿望，梦想，需求”等名词做主语时其表语应该用不定式. 例如：Her wish was to become an artist.她的愿望是成为一位艺术家 Our aim is to help them，not to teach them a lesson.我们的目的是帮助他们，而不是教训他们。动名词做表语，表示抽象概念。动名词做表语一般用来表示“身份，职业”等.大部分时候主语与表语可以互换。例如：My job is teaching.(Teaching is my job.) 此外，还要注意主语与表语的一致性。例如：Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。 To see is to believe.

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否定形式: not +不定式,not + 动名词,not + 现在分词

1.不定式与动名词作主语得区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) it is not very good for you to smoke so much.您抽这么多烟对您身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知得事或经验。

不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成得事或目得。 climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验) driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) (3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语得不定式短语后置。 it took me only five minutes to finish the job、动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语,但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。 it is / was no use / good + doing sth、 it is / was not any use / good + doing sth、 it is / was of little use / good + doing sth、 it is / was useless doing sth、 it is no use crying over spilt milk、覆水难收。 it is of little good staying up too late every day、每天都熬夜没有什么好处 2.不定式与动名词作宾语得区别英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求: (1)不定式做宾语与宾语补足语 1)下面得动词要求不定式做宾语 afford, agree, arrange, choose, decide, hope, expect, offer, plan, promise, determine, demand, manage, fail, prepare, refuse, pretend, seem 常跟不定式作宾语得动词歌诀: 三个希望两答应,两个要求莫拒绝, 设法学会做决定,不要假装在选择。 hope; wish; want ; agree; promise demand; ask; refuse manage; learn; decide pretend ; choose 想要拒绝命令,需要努力学习,期望同意帮助,希望决定开始。

非谓语动词十大实用解题原则

原则一、两个句子必须要用连词连接，如果没有连词连接，则需要用非谓语动词例1. _________ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it. A. Having been told B. Having told C. He had been told D. Though he had been told 例2._________ many times, he still couldn’t understand it. A. Having been told B. Having told C. He had been told D. Though he had told 解析：例1中有连词but连接，表明前后都是句子，所以答案为C。例2中后面是一个句子，而且没有连词，所以前面不是句子，应该用非谓语动词，根据句意此处为被动，所以答案为A。原则二、不及物动词无-ed形式非谓语动词，及物动词有宾语时用-ing形式，无宾语时用-ed形式例3. ____________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing 解析：lose为及物动词，现在后面没有宾语，所以用-ed形式，答案为B。例4. __________, I really believe that I’d prefer not to make any change now. A. Considered all the possibilities B. Taking all the possibilities into consideration C. Taken all the possibilities into consideration D. Giving all the possibilities 解析：把。。。考虑进来结构为take sth into consideration，现在take后面有宾语all the possibilities，所以用-ing形式，答案为B。原则三、being done 表示“正在被”，一般不作状语，只作定语。非谓语动词的完成时形式to have done或having done强调该动作发生在句子谓语动词之前例5. __ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed 解析：根据句意“我们没有打通电话，就给他们发了个邮件”，没有打通电话应该发生在发邮件之前，所以用having done，答案为D。关注奇速英语微信公众号“qisuen”或腾讯认证蔡章兵主编QQ757722345，免费获得每天更新的资源。例6. Tim Bemers-Lee is generally considered _____ the World Wide Web, on which all the information is shared by all. A. to have founded B. having founded C. founding D. to found 解析：根据句意，Tim Bemers-Lee创立万维网应该是过去的事情，而且be considered后面应该用动词不定式，所以应该用to have done，答案为A。原则四、非谓语动词作定语时，表示将来用-to do，表正在进行用-ing，表示已经完成用-ed 例7. The play_____ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. A.produced B.being produced C.to be produced D.having been produced 解析：根据本题中的时间状语next month，可知the play将要于下月被创作出来，表将来应该用to do，所以答案为C。例8.The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road.

英语中非谓语动词的三种形式和用法

英语中非谓语动词的三种形式和用法在谓语以外的句子成分中使用的动词一定要变词形(不能用动词原形)，把动词原形变成不定式、-ing式或者过去分词，所以我们把这三种动词形式称为非谓语动词。非谓语动词在保留动词特征(能带宾语、状语等)的同时，又兼有其他几种词类的特征，比如： 1.作主语、宾语时-兼有名词性质,相当于一个概念名词、意群(名词词组)或者名词性从句。相当于一个名词： Reading is great fun. 阅读很有趣。相当于一个意群： Reading extensively is very necessary. 广泛阅读是很必要的。相当于名词从句： For him to be dishonest is not easy. 让他变得不诚实可不容易。 2.作定语时-兼有形容语性质，相当于一个形容语、形容词词组或者定语从句(形容词性从句)。相当于一个形容词：

We love moving movies. 我们喜欢动人的电影。 There are some fallen leaves on the ground now. 现在地上有些落叶了。相当于一个形容词词组： China will be a highly developed country in dozens of years. 再过几十年中国将成为一个高度发达的国家。相当于一个形容词从句： She saw a small bird wounded in one wing. 她看见一只有个翅膀受伤的小鸟。作状语时-兼有副词性质，相当于一个副词、副词词组或者副词从句(状语从句)。相当于一个副词： She was happy to come. 她很高兴地来了。相当于一个副词词组： To be frank (frankly),I disagree with you. 坦率地说，我不同意你的话。相当于一个副词从句： Being late for class (=Because he was late for class), Tom was afraid to enter the classroom.

非谓语动词的解题原则

非谓语动词的解题原则原则一、两个句子必须要用连词连接，如果没有连词连接，则需要用非谓语动词例1. _________ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it. A. Having been told B. Having told C. He had been told D. Though he had been told 例2._________ many times, he still couldn’t understand it. A. Having been told B. Having told C. He had been told D. Though he had told 解析：例1中有连词but连接，表明前后都是句子，所以答案为C。例2中后面是一个句子，而且没有连词，所以前面不是句子，应该用非谓语动词，根据句意此处为被动，所以答案为A。原则二、不及物动词无-ed形式非谓语动词，及物动词有宾语时用-ing形式，无宾语时用-ed形式例3. ____________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing 解析：lose为及物动词，现在后面没有宾语，所以用-ed

形式，答案为B。例4. __________, I really believe that I’d prefer not to make any change now. A. Considered all the possibilities B. Taking all the possibilities into consideration C. Taken all the possibilities into consideration D. Giving all the possibilities 解析：把。。。考虑进来结构为take sth into consideration，现在take后面有宾语all the possibilities，所以用-ing形式，答案为B。原则三、being done 表示“正在被”，一般不作状语，只作定语。非谓语动词的完成时形式to have done或having done强调该动作发生在句子谓语动词之前例5. __ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed 解析：根据句意“我们没有打通电话，就给他们发了个邮件”，没有打通电话应该发生在发邮件之前，所以用having done，答案为D。例6. Tim Bemers-Lee is generally considered _____ the World Wide Web, on which all the information is shared by all.

非谓语动词用法归纳(语法)

一、表格的用法 1.doing 的用法（1）在要求动词后（作宾语）：avoid避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge承认/自认admit 承认advocate 提倡/主张consider 考虑can't help不禁can't stand受不了contemplate细想complete完成confess坦白dislike 不喜欢，讨厌deserve值得delay延迟deny否认dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌恶enjoy享有/喜爱envy嫉妒endure忍受excuse借口escape逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive原谅fancy幻想/爱好favor 造成/偏爱figure描绘/计算hate讨厌imagine设想involve卷入/包含keep保持miss错过mention说到/讲到mind 介意pardon原谅/饶恕permit允许postpone推迟practice 实行/实践prevent阻止quit放弃停止risk冒险recall回想resist抵抗/阻止resume恢复repent悔悟resent怨恨stand坚持/忍受suggest建议save营救/储蓄tolerate忍受worth值得You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. （2）表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. （3）表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. （4）表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. （5）表性质；特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her. （6）概括性,一般性 Climbing mountain is very interesting. Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(概括性,一般性) Our work is serving the people．（7）动名词的逻辑主语为；①人称代词的所有格+动名词；②名词's+动名词。例如： Tom insisted on my going with them．他坚持要我和他们一起去。 He dislikes his wife's working late．他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。

英语非谓语动词用法详解

英语非谓语动词用法详解一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．The news said that the death toll in the tsunami in Indonesia had climbed over 400, with a lot more reported _________. A．to miss B．to have been missing C．having missed D．missing 【答案】B 【解析】【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：新闻报道称，印尼海啸造成的死亡人数已攀升至400多人，据报道还有更多人失踪。分析句子可知，be reported to do sth “被报道做某事”为固定短语，且在本句中被应用到with的复合结构中。本句中表示“be missing”发生在“report”之前，所以用动词不定式的完成时。故B选项正确。【点睛】动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式有一般式、进行式、完成式、完成进行式四种时态变化形式，一般式和完成式有被动语态变化形式。 1）不定式的时态意义不定式的时态是以句中谓语动词的时间为依据的。 ①不定式的一般式不定式的一般式表示的动作或状态通常发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生 ②不定式的进行式不定式的进行式表示其动作正在进行，与谓语动词发生的动作同时进行。 ③不定式的完成式不定式的完成时表达下列意义： a. 不定式的完成式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 b. 用在intended, expected, meant, hoped, promised, planned, wished, thought, desired, was, were等词后，不定式的完成式表示未曾实现的愿望、期待、想法、打算或计划等。to have + 过去分词表示动作， to have been表示状态。 C .用在seem, appear, thing, consider, believe等后，表示一个动作先于另一个动作发生。 ④不定式的完成进行式表示动作在谓语动词之前发生，而且一直进行着。 ⑤ come + 不定式表示一个动作发生的过程 He will come to understand it in the end.他最终会懂得的。分析句子可知，be reported to do sth “被报道做某事”为固定短语，且在本句中被应用到with的符合结构中。本句中表示“be missing”发生在“report”之前，所以用动词不定式的完成时。故B选项正确。 2．______in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching. A．To absorb B．To be absorbed

(完整版)非谓语的用法总结

非谓语动词的用法总结李靖非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）不是真正意义上的谓语动词，在句中都不能单独作谓语。但都具有动词的某些特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。不定式表目的，表将来；动名词表主动，表进行；过去分词表被动，表完成。一．作主语( 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being, 动名词做主语谓语动词用单数) 1）不定式、动名词都可做主语，但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。如： Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。（泛指玩火） To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。 2）用动名词做主语的句型: It’s no use/no good/pleasure doing sth 做.......没有用处/好处/乐趣 It’s a waste of time doing sth 做.... 浪费时间 It is worth doing sth 值得做某事 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。 3）不定式做主语的句型. It is + adj +for sb to do sth. 比较：表示人的品质时只能用of sb 如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel /wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong等单词出现时。 It is silly of you to say so. It is important for us to learn English well. It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command of the English language. 4) “Wh- + to 不定式”可做主语。如： When to leave hasn’t been decided yet.什么时候动身还没定呢。 Whether to drive or take the train is still a problem.是自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题。 5）一般情况下，不定式和动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如： Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe 眼见为实。 . Planting flowers needs constant watering. 但and连接的多个动名词作主语，谓语动词大多用复数（如果前后动名词的语义一致，谓语一般用单数）。如：Lying and stealing are immoral. 说谎与盗窃是不道德的。 6) 动名词前面可以加上形容词性物主代词构成动名词的复合结构。如： ----- What made him angry? ------ Mary’s /My/His/Her /Their/ The boy’s/ The president’s being late（made him angry. 7being，构成动名词，做主语。如： . Being examined twice a year , driver must obey in this city. 经典练习：

非谓语动词易错题及解析

非谓语动词易错题及解析一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．(福建) _____________ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. A．Known B．Having known C．Knowing D．Being known 【答案】C 【解析】【详解】考查动名词。句意：了解基本的急救知识可以帮助您快速应对紧急情况。分析句子成分，谓语是will help，所以前面的是主语，用动名词做主语，故选C项。 2．When he was a boy, he used to go there and watch _____. A．to repair bicycles B．bicycles to be repaired C．bicycles being repaired D．repairing bicycles 【答案】C 【解析】 3．Once be falls asleep, I have great difficulty _______ him up. A．wake B．waken C．to wake D．waking 【答案】D 【解析】一旦他睡着了，我叫醒他就有很大的困难。have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难，选D。 4．In Australia, many road signs are now both in English and Chinese, ______ it easier for Chinese tourists to travel. A．making B．made C．make D．makes 【答案】A 【解析】考查状语从句。在澳大利亚，许多路标都是用英文和中文同时标识，使中国游客去旅游更加容易。根据与前面一句用逗号隔开，没有连词，故判断此空用非谓语动词，根据与主语是主动关系，故用动词-ing形式，用来修饰和补充上一句话，故选A。 5．Pressed from his parents, and ____ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games. A．realizing B．realized C．to realize D．being realized 【答案】A