上海海事大学考研2007年翻译笔记

2007年翻译笔记

英译汉

I 词性转译

1. democratic processes are clearly evident in the widespread participation of the people in social and political life. 民主进程在老百姓广泛参与社会政治生活中得到了明显体现。

2. Vietnamese war is a drain on American resources.越南战争不断消耗美国的资源。

3. their advantage comes from two seemingly contradictory forces: the strength of traditions, and selective receptivity to foreign achievements and inventions.他们的优势来自于两种看似相互矛盾的力量：固守传统及对外国成果和发明的选择性接受。

4. her own tension was not lessened by the knowledge that her parents might return at any moment. 他知道父母随时可能回来，这使他紧张的心情得不到放松。

II变被动为主动

1.what is little understood by the outside world is that this is a failure

legislated for. It is a failure which has been carefully designed. 外界很少有人知道，这种无法作到的情况是立法造成的，是经过精心策划的。

2.Chinese traditions were dominated by group values. 在中国传统中，

占主导地位的是群体价值观。

3.values are constantly modified by strong infusions of western ideas

both democratic and Maxist. 价值观在西方民主主义和马克思主义的观念冲击下，在不断地修正。

4.the system was not immediately embraced by the society as a whole.

该系统并未立即整体融入到整个社会中。

III转修饰

1.illogically she had expected some kind of miracle solution.她期待着

会有某些奇迹般的解决方法，这是不合情理的事。

2.he pours out his broken heart in his works that shall bring tears of

sacred sympathy from his readers.他把自己破碎的心全盘呈现在自己的作品中，会从神圣的读者那里赎回同情的泪水。

3.it used to be said that English people take their pleasures sadly.以前人

们常说，英国人享乐时也郁郁不乐。

IV增词/重复

1.ignorance is the mother of fear, as well as admiration.无知是恐惧的

根源，也是羡慕的根源。

2.they expound democratic principles, emphasizing equality over

hierarchy and rationalism over tradition.他们阐述民主原则，强调平等优于等级制度；强调理性优于传统。

3.studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.读书足以怡情，

足以博彩，足以长才。

4.a willingness to help other members of the group and to support

without qualification the interests of the group in all its external relations is still a widely respected virtue.愿意帮助其他成员，以及尽管自己没有义务这样做，但是在各种外部关系中仍愿意维护该团体的利益，这种做法仍得到人们的普遍赞誉。

V 一词多义

1.he translates the individualistic and humanistic goals of democracy

into egoistic and materialistic ones.他把民主观念的个人主义和以人为本的目标解释为利己主义和实利主义。

2.poetry is at once the most intimate and the most articulate of the arts.

诗歌是艺术形式中最具个人特色，同时也是最能传达情感的。（at once作同时之意）

3.unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays

little attention to the journalistic interview.不幸的是，有关面谈的许多大量一般性文献专著较少涉及新闻采访这一领域。

4.literature is beautiful only through the intelligence.文学之美只能通过

感悟来获得。

以上以及VI中的英文部分为录音4

VI非对应状语

1.how can he get good grades when he won’t study.他不用功的话，怎

么能拿高分呢？

2.I can’t tell you when you won’t listen.既然你不想听，我就不告诉你

了。

3.she persisted in her work when she might take a good rest.她本可以

好好休息一下，但还是坚持工作。

4.when a writer had put his heart into a composition, and sold it to a

magazine, the scandal is greater than a sculptor has modeled a statue to order.如果作家把自己的心思投入到作品之中，再卖到杂志社去，要比雕塑家按照别人的要求雕刻出雕像更丢脸。

VII正反翻译

https://www.360docs.net/doc/6e12116632.html,w is no respecter of persons.法律面前，人人平等。

2.please tender exact fare.恕不找零

3.she had been a widow only six months and it is too soon for her to

remarry.她丈夫去世才不过半年，就要改嫁，未免太快了。

4.they are exterior to their works, they are less personally in it.他们的作

品是身外之物，没有注入个人感情。

VIII定语从句的翻译

1.he would be a rash man who should venture to defy world public

opinion and act arbitrarily.如果有人敢于公然蔑视世界公众舆论而一意孤行，那他一定是个卤莽之徒。

2.the instinctive sense of the dishonor which money purchase does to art

is so strong that sometimes a man of letters who can pay his way otherwise refuses pay for his work.用金钱来买艺术，从内心里讲就感觉极不光彩。有时只要文学家有其他生活来源，就拒绝拿自己的作品卖钱。

3.there was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan

that pleased all of them.这方案有创造性，独出心裁，很有气势，所以他们都很喜欢。（从句变为结果）

4.but Shakespear’s publisher profited by a generosity which did not read

his readers.

然而，莎翁的慷慨大方并没有惠及读者，倒是出版商乘机大发其财。

VIIII 先从后主

1.I believe equally that it is in the interest of the world as a whole that

Europe should increasingly unite and speak with a common voice.我同样认为，欧洲应该日益团结起来，并且用一个共同的声音说话，这是符合全世界的利益的。

2.one can ascend, so long as he maintains successful personal ties with a

superior in the vertical channel.一个人只要与上司成功的保持畅通的私人关系，他就会得到提升。

3.nationalism and militarism become dominant largely because of the

collapse of the democratic government.很大程度上由于民主政府的垮台，民族主义和军事主义又占据主导地位。

4.great changes took place in that country to liberate the individual from

authoritarian restraints.为解除专制主义对个人的限制，该国发生了重大变革。

汉译英

I 词义的对应

1.你想想，有那么多人关心我，爱护我，医生、护士、领导、同事，

还有许多陌生人。

You see, many people care about and take care of me: doctors and nurses, superiors and colleagues, and even lots of people whom I’ve not yet had the pleasure of knowing.

2. 搞这个合资公司是个好主意，但问题是能否保证它可以得到足够的定单。It is a good idea to organize this joint venture company, but the point is whether enough orders can be secured for it.

3. 增加内容：to add some content to；

增加动感：to make something more dynamic

II 用词准确性

1.其实中年是人生盛华的开始，不应贪懒，不应享受。

In actual fact, middle age represents the prime of one’s life, allowing no indolence, no self-indulgence.

2.在与别人交流过程中，肯定会邂逅一些有共同志趣的朋友。By

exchanging ideas with others, one is sure to come across some friends of similar interest.

3.写作能力: writing competence

4.申请电子邮件: register (for) an e-mail address

5.彰显个人的自主性或独立性：demonstrate on e’s individualism and

independence

6.文化载体：cultural vehicle

III 成语的翻译

1.这些问题盘根错节，三言两语说不清楚。These problems are too

complicated to be explained clearly in a few words.

2.他毛遂自荐来这所小学作老师。She volunteers for the teaching post

in this primary school.

3.这种担心也属杞人忧天there are no grounds for such concern.

IIII简洁表达

1.贫富差距不断扩大：the gap between the rich and the poor is

widening.

2.网络具有开放性：a website is open

3.让我把话说完：hear me through!

V 长句的断句

1. 世界上一些国家发生问题，从根本上来说，都是因为经济上不去，没有饭吃，没有衣穿，没有房住，工资增长被通货膨胀抵消，生活水平下降，大批人下岗和失业，长期过紧日子。Basically, the root cause for social unrest in some countries lies in the failure to boost their economy. Consequently, they lack food, clothing and shelter, and their wage increases are offset by inflation. With a decline in living standards, widespread layoffs and unemployment, people have to suffer chronic hardships.

2. 这就像收音机、电视、手机短信的出现，尽管冲击并改变了传统

的阅读方式，但始终不可能真正代替报纸一样。It is the same as the emergence of radios, TVs and mobile short messages. Though they changed and shattered the traditional reading method, they can not replace newspapers in a true sense.

3. 学校教育给我们的好处，不但只是灌输知识，最大的好处恐怕还在于我们交友的机会。The imparting knowledge is not sole advantage of school education. Its greatest advantage is perhaps the opportunity it affords us to make friends.

VI 汉语多动词的翻译（词性的转换）

1.我们伟大的祖国，是有写短文的文学传统的。Our great motherland

is known for its literary tradition of short essays.

2.改了国籍，不等于改了民族感情。The change of nationality does not

mean the change of national feeling.

3.他们用乡音和我的父母亲切交谈。They talked warmly with my

parents in the native dialect.

VII 汉语中无主句的翻译

1.从接触网络的瞬间，就注定了要开始学习。The instance one

encounters a website, he is destined to begin learning.

2.通过参阅自己先前那些日记，可以看到每天的成长及成熟的痕迹。

By/through reading his previous diaries, he may discover his everyday growth and the track of his maturity.

3.随着QQ的推出，使得微型车一时间成为家庭用车的新宠。With the

launch of QQ, mini cars have become a new favorite of common families overnight.

VII 视点转换

1.可是我们已经说到故事的后面去了。But we are getting ahead of the

story.

2.从他的话语里，我能听出点东西来。I could tell something from the

tone of his voice.

3.我心里一个沉重的担子放下了。A tremendous weight has been lifted

from my mind.

以上为录音5

注：英汉互译做题时行与行之间最好空一行，留有空间给老师改卷子，会增加分值，要整洁。

专业课相关资料结束，以上资料大家一定要背下来，考试会有类似的涉及，但不会有原题，可以参考对比06年笔记和06年真题试卷。祝您考研成功！

文字材料和录音大部分有对应，录音中没有的信息提示应多加注意，还有一些细节可参考录音。录音有一定参考价值的，有些东西只有您自己才可从老师口中领悟出来。