2016考研英语阅读每日精选：谷歌向欧盟低头
2016考研英语阅读每日精选：谷歌向欧
盟低头
Google and the EU
谷歌向欧盟低头
On being forgotten
公民可以要求Google将你“被遗忘”
The right to be forgotten sounds attractive. But it creates more problems than it solves.
这个可以申请被谷歌“遗忘”的权利现如今看来十分具有吸引力。但是这却使得其解决的问题难以覆盖更多的新问题。
MAX MOSLEY enjoyed sexual practices which many might find odd. But that was his business,so when in 2008 a now-defunct British tabloid wrongly dubbed him a participant in a “sick Naziorgy”, he sued it for breaching his privacy and won. The allegations, however, remain on the internet. If you type in “Max Mosley”, Google helpfully tries to complete the search: the first four options are “video”, “case”, “pictures” and “scandal”. He—and many others who feel their livesare tainted by the smears and irrelevancies which search engines link to their names—want redress.
马科斯·莫斯利对性惯行十分陶醉，而这却会成为人们眼中的怪异举止和癖好。但是这是他个人私事，因此在2008年，一个现已停止经营的英国小报错误授予其“病态纳粹狂欢者”的“荣誉”称号，对此他提出起诉，一纸将该报刊告上法庭，宣称其侵犯了自己的个人隐私，并最终获得胜诉。然而，这一事件的指控，在互联网上依然得以保留。如果你轻触鼠标，键入“马科斯·莫斯利”，谷歌会有效地弹出所有关于马科斯的相关搜索：最前的四个搜索结果就是“视频”、“案件”、“艳照”以及“绯闻”。马科斯以及和他一样倍感自己生活被一些将其名字与名誉污点以及无关事宜相捆绑的搜索引擎给抹黑了—他们需要匡正。
Many European politicians are sympathetic to this. Countries such as France and Britain have long allowed the erasure of criminal records once convictions are spent. The European Parliament has backed a “right to be forgotten”, though to become law it would need the approval of all the European Union's 28 member states. Mr Mosley has won the first round of alegal battle in Germany to block the images appearing on Google searches there.
很多欧洲政客对于这一点也深表赞同。诸如法国和英国这些欧洲国家有很长一段历史时期允许一旦判决罪被定夺，犯罪记录被删除。欧洲委员已经开始重新审视“公民‘被遗忘'的权利”，尽管要成为法律文书仍然需要得到所有欧盟28个成员国的共同认可。莫斯利已经在德国的合法战争中赢得了第一轮的胜利，屏蔽了出现在谷歌的搜索结果上的相关照片。
Now the European Court of Justice (ECJ), the EU's highest court, has boosted this cause in a landmark case (see article). A Spanish lawyer, Mario Costeja González, sued Google because its search results linked his name to a newspaper article from 1998 about a now-resolved lawsuit. The court ruled that Google was a “data controller” under the 19-year-old Europeanlaw on data protection, which gives individuals strong rights over data that others hold onthem. It said Google
could be required not to display links to information that is “inadequate,irrelevant...or excessive”, given the purpose for which they are processed, and the timeelapsed. Individuals will be able to appeal to their national data watchdogs if they are turned down.
现在欧洲法院，即欧洲最高法院已经在努力促成此案例作为划时代的案例。一个西班牙的律师，马里奥科特加冈萨雷斯，因谷歌搜索结果将其姓名与一报纸1998年报道的一起现今已经结案的诉讼案件的文章链接在一起，而起诉了谷歌。法庭根据欧洲的一项数据保护法律判定谷歌的行为属于“数据控制”，该法律已实行19年之久，规定个人用户们享有对于别人持有关于个人数据的极大掌控权利。法院裁决谷歌应该被要求不再将其链接信息展示出来，比如那些“不充足、无关紧要或是过度夸大”的信息，只用给用户们希望获得的信息即可，并且时间也会使人们淡忘掉这一切。个人用户将会向他们国家数据监测者提起申诉，以查看是否这些内容已被关掉。
The court's desire to protect victims of misunderstanding and malice is understandable. But a right to be forgotten would be hard to implement. Even if Google is made to censor its search results in Europe, in America the First Amendment's free-speech provision usually trumps privacy concerns. With modest technical know-how, European internet users will beable to make American-style searches. Europe will hardly want to build a Chinese-style firewall to prevent that.
法院期望能够保护那些被大众误解和仇恨的受害者的这一愿望是可以理解的。但被遗忘的权利将很难实现。即使谷歌在欧洲、在美国被审查其搜索结果，宪法第一修正案的自由言论的规定通常胜过隐私问题。仅仅需要使用谦和的技术诀窍，欧洲的互联网用户将能成为美式的自由网页搜索者。欧洲将很难想建立起一个中国式的防火墙，以防止这一问题的产生。
And even if it were practicable to force companies to erase the past, it would do more harm than good. It would hamper everyone interested in finding out inconvenient truths about those who would like their past covered up. The ECJ ruling makes allowance for a public-interest defence, but it will mostly make commercial sense for Google and other search engines to take down material as soon as someone complains, rather than to weigh the merits of eachcase.
而且，即使迫使企业抹去过往历史的这一做法是可行的，将会造成弊大于利。它会妨碍每个人去查明他们所热衷寻求的不易真相，而这一真相是部分人希望掩盖的关于自己的过往。欧洲法院的裁决考虑到公众利益的捍卫和保护，但其主要将会使得具有商业意识的谷歌和其他搜索引擎一旦出现有人抱怨的情况，就撤销相关信息，而不是权衡每种情况下的利弊。
Watch out for silent encroachments
留心无声的侵犯
The right to be forgotten would also undermine the internet's great strength. The internet is,in effect, a library of unimaginable size—full, as all libraries are, of news, gossip, archivematerial and other stuff which may to varying degrees be irrelevant, wrong or mad. It has made the best and worst of such information more freely available than ever before. Search engines should be like library catalogues—comprehensive and neutral, and without fear orfavour of what the contents may reveal, or how they may be used. It should be up to individuals, not governments, to distinguish what is right or wrong, useful or immaterial.People should be wary of ceding the power to make that judgment, even to a court that thinks hard about it and backs the underdog. As J ames Madison said, “I believe there are more instances of the abridgment of the freedom of the people by gradual and silent encroachments of those in power than by violent and sudden usurpations.”
被遗忘的权利也将破坏互联网的强大力量。互联网，实际上是难以想象的大规模图书库，正如图书馆一样，其中库含了几乎所有的内容，包括新闻、八卦、档案材料，并可能与其他
内容在不同程度上是不相干的、错误的或者疯狂。它使这些无论最佳还是最糟糕的信息，比以往任何时候更可自由查看。搜索引擎应该像图书馆目录一样——全面、中立，而不用担心或是偏爱可能会透露的内容，或者是它们该如何被使用。它应该是由个人而不是政府来决定，要分清哪些是对还是错，有用或是不重要的信息。人们应该警惕割让作出这样的判断的权力，甚至是对于法院都认为很难对此作出判断或是支持劣势者。正如詹姆斯·麦迪逊说，“我相信仍存在很多当权者逐步无声地侵犯民众自由的例子，这些例子比暴力和突然的强取豪夺更为猖獗”。
【重点讲解】
1.link to 与…连接，联系
例句:The Alumnae Association is my link to the school's present administration.
女校友协会是我和现在学校行政部门之间的纽带。
2.such as 例如;诸如
例句:We dislike people such as him.
我们不喜欢像他这号人。
3.require to 需要
例句:Fitzpiers did not require to be told twice.
菲茨比尔斯用不着别人对他讲第二遍。
4.watch out 当心;小心;注意
例句:Watch out for bargains, but never buy dented cans.
留意便宜货，但绝不要买表面凹陷的罐头。
凯程教育：
凯程考研成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直从事高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。
凯程考研的宗旨：让学习成为一种习惯；
凯程考研的价值观口号：凯旋归来，前程万里；
信念：让每个学员都有好最好的归宿；
使命：完善全新的教育模式，做中国最专业的考研辅导机构；
激情：永不言弃，乐观向上；
敬业：以专业的态度做非凡的事业；
服务：以学员的前途为已任，为学员提供高效、专业的服务，团队合作，为学员服务，为学员引路。
如何选择考研辅导班：
在考研准备的过程中，会遇到不少困难，尤其对于跨专业考生的专业课来说，通过报辅导班来弥补自己复习的不足，可以大大提高复习效率，节省复习时间，大家可以通过以下几个方面来考察辅导班，或许能帮你找到适合你的辅导班。
师资力量：师资力量是考察辅导班的首要因素，考生可以针对辅导名师的辅导年限、辅导经验、历年辅导效果、学员评价等因素进行综合评价，询问往届学长然后选择。判断师资力量
关键在于综合实力，因为任何一门课程，都不是由一、两个教师包到底的，是一批教师配合的结果。还要深入了解教师的学术背景、资料著述成就、辅导成就等。凯程考研名师云集，李海洋、张鑫教授、方浩教授、卢营教授、孙浩教授等一大批名师在凯程授课。而有的机构只是很普通的老师授课，对知识点把握和命题方向，欠缺火候。
对该专业有辅导历史：必须对该专业深刻理解，才能深入辅导学员考取该校。在考研辅导班中，从来见过如此辉煌的成绩：凯程教育拿下2015五道口金融学院状元，考取五道口15人，清华经管金融硕士10人，人大金融硕士15个，中财和贸大金融硕士合计20人，北师大教育学7人，会计硕士保录班考取30人，翻译硕士接近20人，中传状元王园璐、郑家威都是来自凯程，法学方面，凯程在人大、北大、贸大、政法、武汉大学、公安大学等院校斩获多个法学和法硕状元，更多专业成绩请查看凯程网站。在凯程官方网站的光荣榜，成功学员经验谈视频特别多，都是凯程战绩的最好证明。对于如此高的成绩，凯程集训营班主任邢老师说，凯程如此优异的成绩，是与我们凯程严格的管理，全方位的辅导是分不开的，很多学生本科都不是名校，某些学生来自二本三本甚至不知名的院校，还有很多是工作了多年才回来考的，大多数是跨专业考研，他们的难度大，竞争激烈，没有严格的训练和同学们的刻苦学习，是很难达到优异的成绩。最好的办法是直接和凯程老师详细沟通一下就清楚了。
建校历史：机构成立的历史也是一个参考因素，历史越久，积累的人脉资源更多。例如，凯程教育已经成立10年（2005年），一直以来专注于考研，成功率一直遥遥领先，同学们有兴趣可以联系一下他们在线老师或者电话。
有没有实体学校校区：有些机构比较小，就是一个在写字楼里上课，自习，这种环境是不太好的，一个优秀的机构必须是在教学环境，大学校园这样环境。凯程有自己的学习校区，有吃住学一体化教学环境，独立卫浴、空调、暖气齐全，这也是一个考研机构实力的体现。此外，最好还要看一下他们的营业执照。
考研英语阅读理解精选练习
考研英语：阅读理解精选练习 在考研英语的学习中，阅读理解占到60%的分值（包括阅读理解A、B、C三部分）。其重要性不言而喻。如何提高阅读理解得分能力，将是决战考研英语成败的关键一环。而想要有效提升阅读能力，唯有在实战演练中不断磨砺、体会并归纳总结做题的经验教训，才能有所成效。下面，就跟着都教授每天学一点，每天进步一点吧！ Consumers should celebrate that; the firms’losses are their gains. But there is a catch. Comparisonsites, whether for insurance or something else, introduce a new layer of costs,including their own splashy advertising campaigns. In theory, competition in the market for comparison sites ought to keep those costs down. But in a recentpaper, David Ronayne of Warwick University argues that consumers often lose outfrom comparison sites. They earn a commission for each shopper who uses them to buy insurance. That referral cost is incorporated into the price the consumer ends up paying. If the increased costs outweigh the saving the comparison enables, consumers end up worse off. 1. Why consumers often lose out from the comparison sites? (A) The referral cost will be increasedby splashy advertising campaigns. (B) Consumers may not earn the commissionwhen buying the insurance. (C) The new layer of costs may increasethe price of insurance. (D) The insurance company may spend moreon comparison sites. 题目解析： 1. Why consumers often lose out from the comparison sites? (A) The referral cost will be increased by splashy advertising campaigns. referral cost和splashy advertising campaigns之间是没有关系的（看译文你就知道了） (B) Consumers may not earn the commission when buying the insurance. 这个干扰项就是我从文中随便找了几个词拼凑在一起的。Commission你都不知道是什么就瞎选！ (C) The new layer of costs may increase the price of insurance. Comparison sites, whether for insurance or something else, introduce a new layer of costs. 这句话看的明白吧：新的成本是会加到保险价格上的，羊毛出在羊身上啊！ 正确答案C！！！） (D) The insurance company may spend more on comparison sites. 保险公司才没有花更多呢。 定位其实两个句子都是可以的： That referral cost is incorporated into the price the consumer ends up paying. Comparison sites, whether for insurance or something else, introduce a new layer of costs.
2016年考研英语一真题及答案
2016 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一） 真题及答案（完整版） Text 1 France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that" incite excessive thinness" by promoting extreme dieting. Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That's a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves to health -as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape -measure they must use to determine their individual worth. The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman （and many men ）that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty .And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques . The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison. The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement. In contrast to France's actions, Denmark's fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charter's main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion week, which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance. Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry. 21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France [A] Physical beauty would be redefined [B] New runways would be constructed
2016年武汉市中考英语试题及答案
2016年武汉市初中毕业生学业考试 英语试卷 第I卷（选择题共85分） 第一部分听力部分 一．听力测试（共三节） 第一节（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分） 听下面5个问题。每个问题后有三个答语，从题中所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每个问题后，你都有5秒钟的时间来作答和阅读下一小题。每个问题仅读一遍。 1.A. A nice plate B. Delicious C.For Kate 2.A. A black cat B. Very heavy C.It’s black 3.A. In the meeting room B. At eight thirty C.For about one hour 4.A.I t’s a nice one B.The smaller one C.High in the sky 5.A.This afternoon B.With Jenny C.In the office 第二节（共7小题，每小题1分，满分7分） 听下面7段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来作答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 6.Who sings well? A.Mary B.Kate C.Classmates 7.How will the man probably go to the hotel? A.On foot B.By bus C. By subway 8.What happened to the boy? A.He was late for school B.He went to see a doctor C.His father left him alone home. 9.Who thinks history is not as popular as art? A.The man B.The woman C. Both of them 10.What’s the time now? A.10:15 B.10:30 C.10:45 11.Where are the two people? A. In the man’s office B.In the woman’s home C. In a restaurant 12.What does the woman mean? A.She has just bought a new car. B.She has no tim e to help the man. C.She will drive the man to the station. 第三节（共13小题，每小题1分，满分13分） 听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答13至15三个小题。
考研英语阅读精选为什么数学难学
考研英语阅读精选-为什么数学难学
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