南航研究生英语课程翻译

5单元

每一个成功的工商企业都是建立在一些卓越的意识之上的，即懂得审时度势，抓住机遇，承担责任，并不乏幽默感。但这一切都没有比对市场的感知能力更重要。高级管理人员的一个非常重要的本事是能很自然地设身处地为客户着想，并从他们的那里获得真知灼见。他们利用这种能力来指导技术、产品和售后服务，乃至公司战略计划的各个方面。比尔·盖茨之类的成功者就曾把这种本事带进他们各自创立的企业中。没有这种能力，他们的事业或许只是昙花一现，至少没有像今天这样成功。

关注客户，并不是什么新鲜理念。但是许多高层经理，特别是工业公司的高层经理，把与顾客接触看成是销售和市场营销人员的事。即便他们确实也认为市场是公司的重心，但随着公司的发展，他们中大多数人也只与消费者保持十分有限的接触而已。他们判断和把握市场，依赖于下属送来的报告，即二手、三手的材料。

Corporate culture is a form of ideal, which is based on the value system of an enterprise and closely related to the management philosophy as well as the management behavior of the enterprise. It is where the kernel of business management lies. In the narrow sense, it refers to some fundamental spirit and agglomerating force that come into being in the production and management practices of an enterprise, as well as the common values and norms of behavior shared by the whole staff. In the broad sense, corporate culture also includes the culture of specific personnel in the enterprise, namely, the cultural psychological structure and the cultural quality of the executives of the enterprise as well as the cultural behavior of the staff members.

As an economic entity, the task of an enterprise is definite, that is, to produce more and better products, to create wealth for the society. What an enterprise is engaged in is kind of economic activity. But in the meantime, an enterprise is also an organization and a collectivity of all kinds of human beings. Here human beings are regarded as a kind of social animals. It is necessary for a kind of culture to normalize and regulate their behaviors. We should not regard entrepreneurial production as sheer mechanical operation and material change, regard it as a kind of social activity or the activity that the social beings of humans are engaged in. This is the starting point for us to

understand and know about entrepreneurial culture.

8单元

我初次看到他时，就被其深邃的目光打动。那是一双忧郁的眼睛，给人一种悲伤、梦幻、和神秘的感觉。透过这双眼睛，你可以窥到他的内心深处。很快，我们就相熟起来；我发现，他对周围任何一个细节都有浓厚的兴趣，即便是轻声细语，也能在瞬间触动他。不久，我们之间就产生了友情，经常在一起散步。他不说话，唯有通过他的一举一动，你才能发现他沉浸于乡间漫步的美妙和自由，葱郁的草地和潺潺的溪水让他格外兴奋。看到他高兴的样子，看到他沉醉于友情，看到他因为有人陪伴而开心不已，我发现自己也被他的情绪感染，产生了一种无比愉快的感觉。

?Give-and-take takes place all the time in the whole course of our lives.

?Five-year-old children exchange lollipops of different flavor.

?―Mine has grape flavor. What about yours?‖

?―Strawberry. I do like to have a taste of a grape-flavored lollipop.‖

?―Ok, let’s exchange.‖

?That’s what innocent children of five do. What they give each other is not just

different-flavored lollipop, but also the kind of friendship characteristic of childhood.

?At 25, it is the marriage rings of the same style that are exchanged.

?―Do you like to take her as your legally-wedded wife and to have and hold from this day

forward, for better for worse, for richer for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love and to cherish, till death you do part?‖

?―Yes, I do.‖

?―Do you like to take him as your legally-wedded husband and to have and hold…?‖

?―Yes, I do.‖

?People of twenty-five start to shoulder responsibilities at this age. What they exchange on

the wedding ceremony is not just the most heart-felt, enduring love, but also the commitment and conviction to spend their lives together unto their very end.

9单元

“高速公路”这个词是这种现象的一个误导名称。这条“高速公路”与其说是一个静态的网络，不如说是一个社会和商业的环境。该“高速公路”由网络和计算机资源组成，但更重要的是，它定义了一个人与人、组织与组织之间相互作用和联系的新环境。正是由于这些原因，建立这种“高速公路”需要协同合作的力量，而不是过去传统的那种服务提供商／用户模式。基于这些概念，信息高速公路可以定义为：“一种不受地理位置制约的用户环境，它使用高速网络和计算机进行多媒体通讯”。这种虚拟环境使得用户第一次可以通过同时使用语音、视频、图象和数据，以近乎真实的方式相互交流。这种环境综合了三种快速发展的技术而建立。它们是：传输，交换和压缩。

Internet, originally established as an experimental network for the U.S. Defense department, now spans more than 20 million computers worldwide, with an estimated 500,000 increase every year. It offers electronic mail, thousands of bulletin board-type news-groups and a variety of database services. The electronic mail allows you to encapsulate your greetings with video images and sound as well as data. More importantly, it enhances collaborative working through an information-rich exchange of data. Experiments on transmitting live audio and video over the internet have also been conducted. The sheer size of the Internet makes it a candidate for the backbone of the Information Superhighway. But in order to support the growing number of users and the multimedia applications, the available bandwidth will have to increase dramatically, which is the technical problem at the core of the Information Superhighway.

12单元

无论是小说或是音乐，最基础的东西在于韵律。你的风格需要有优良、自然且持续的律动，否则人们不会持续地想要阅读你的作品。我从音乐——主要是爵士乐中——认识韵律的重要性。接下来的旋律--在文学上的形式代表着将我们的语言加以适当的组织实现韵律的契合。如果文字与韵律的契合平滑而优美，你将别无所求。接下来的和声--心灵内部的声响，作为支持语言的效用。接下来就是我最喜欢的部分：自由即兴创作。通过一些特别的途径，一个故事可以从内在无拘地延展。所有我写作的小说均依照这种流程发展。最终这项可能是最重要的事情：「你所完成一项作品的经验-在于你的"表现"，以及可以感受到当你实现此等创作高度的历程是崭新且有意义的。」假如这一切发展良好，你有机会与你的读者(你的听众)分享这等高度下的自我认知。这是一种唯有这种方式可以满足的非凡顶点。

The turning point of my life was my decision to give up a promising business career and study music. My parents, although sympathetic, and sharing my love of music, disapproved of it as a profession. This was understandable in view of the family background. My grandfather had taught music for nearly forty years at Springhill College in Mobile and, though much beloved and respected in the community, earned barely enough to provide for his large family. My father often

said it was only the hardheaded thriftiness of my grandmother that kept the wolf at bay. As a consequence of this example in the family, the very mention of music as a profession carried with it a picture of a precarious existence with uncertain financial rewards. My parents insisted upon college instead of a conservatory of music, and to college I went – quite happily, as I remember, for although I loved my violin and spent most of my spare time practicing, I had many other interests. Before my graduation form Columbia, the family met with severe financial reverses and I felt it my duty to leave college and take a job. Thus was I launched upon a business career –which I always think of as the wasted years.

14单元

科学这个词似乎具有某种魅力。它一旦被提出，就应该立即得到认可，而不允许有任何可能的讨论。这种需要人们立即认可的情况出现在广告中，但是基本上不和情理。要知道，科学不是一种信条，也不是神灵向人类的揭示物。它是人类思维的产物，因此是可以讨论和修正的。科学绝无绝对真理，通常只有相对性。

它以人的观察和经验为基础，对人类知识进行逻辑性的总结，然而人的观察和经验总是有限的而且缺少一定的精确性。至于那些用来对经验事实进行归类的逻辑则完全是我们大脑的产物。我们选择我们认为有着逻辑联系的实验结果，而忽略许多不符合我们自己“逻辑”的事实。这种相当人为的选择结果是我们自己的事情。对此，我们非常得意，以至于主张这些人为选择的结果应该被当做“自然规律”来对待。

A branch of science deals with a class of things, the changes in the members of the class, and the relations between these members. Thus the ideal form of a natural science is the same as that of mathematics. The objective in a natural science is to discover relations which assert that when an event P is present in a situation, then the event Q is also present.

As a branch of science advances from a descriptive and qualitative stage to one where the relations can be expressed in a quantitative and explanatory manner, the science assumes a mathematical form. Astronomy at one time was a descriptive science, but the work of Kepler and Newton established the foundations, by means of which the laws of the motions of the heavenly bodies could be expressed mathematically.

It is in this sense that mathematics is sometimes called the language of science. The hypothetical propositions of mathematics are called into play when the generalizations of science take on a quantitative form and frequently suggest new experiments; while, on the other hand, complexities in observed data of science stimulate the development of mathematics and broaden its foundation.

15单元

想赢得比赛是一种强大的动力。不仅教练员、管理者，而且运动员都研究过诸如最有效的领导模式和赛前压力状态方面的问题。心理学家对此的看法也不同。但是部分专家认为民主式的领导会让运动员感到满意，而绝对权威式的领导则能带来“结果”。许多心理研究表明，女性运动员容易将失败归咎于自身的努力不足或者技能欠佳，而男性运动员则将失败归咎于运气不好或者对手太强大等外部因素。人们同样认为，赛前理想的压力度是在过度放松和紧张之间，而且还要部分取决于运动项目。比如，射箭要想出好成绩，就不需要有打橄榄球赛前那种咄咄逼人的气势。而在诸如高尔夫球、网球、跳水和撑杆跳这些运动中，把握状态和时机则非常重要。运动员运用一种通常称作“映像”或“想象”的心理方法。这种方法注重赛前在大脑中预演动作要领，做好充分准备，而不仅仅是一种咄咄逼人的气势。跳、踢踢球是对一个民族品德素质的检验。

To participate and to win — that is the Olympic spirit. It finds expression in the weak daring to defy the strong, and strong striving for ever better performance. Even better — the ideal always luring a sportsman forward. He will do everything he can for it, never relax, never give up. It is said that none of the competition can avoid being defeated —even the best is bound to be surpassed by someone still stronger. This is the rule of sports — thousands of losers to set off one victor who in turn will eventually be replaced by someone on the honor list. However, undaunted by the inevitable failure, he is always striving to do the best he can. When the time comes and he knows he can’t, he will step down happily to give place to the younger winner, aware contentedly of the fact that he has done his bit for the ―even better‖ records of the Olympic Games. He will say proudly that he has not lived his youth in vain. Chances to compete for championship are few and far between. Life is short. Still short is the time for an athlete trying to win games. None other than an athletic contestant feels so keenly about the rarity of opportunity and the fleeting of time.