(完整版)培根的《论学习》中英文对照

培根的《论学习》中英文对照

Francis Bacon's "Of Studies" 中英文对照

Introduction 引言

In his essay "Of Studies," Francis Bacon discusses the importance and benefits of studying. Bacon emphasizes the various ways in which study can enhance one's life and character. This essay presents a comparison between the original English version and its Chinese translation. The aim is to explore how the author's ideas and arguments are effectively conveyed in both languages. While the content may differ slightly due to translation, the essence of Bacon's insights remain intact.

第一部分：关于学习的价值 Part 1: The Value of Studies

Original (English) 原文（英文）：

Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business... Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider... Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested...

Translation (Chinese) 翻译（中文）：

学习的价值在于获得欢乐、装饰人生和增长能力。其中获得欢乐是在独处时享受，装饰人生则是在交流中展现，而增长能力则体现在对

业务的判断和处理... 不要阅读来反驳和证伪；也不要盲信和默认；更

不要追求言谈和辩论，而要权衡和思考... 有些书只需咀嚼几下品味，

有些书可以略读摘要，还有一些书则需要仔细研读消化...

第二部分：学习的影响 Part 2: The Influence of Studies

Original (English) 原文（英文）：

Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men

use them; for they teach not their own use, but that there is a wisdom

without them and above them, won by observation... Studies perfect nature, and are perfected by experience... Studies also enable us to examine, reflect, and judge the various matters of the world...

Translation (Chinese) 翻译（中文）：

心机的人会谴责学习，单纯的人会钦佩学习，智慧的人会运用学习；因为学习不仅教会我们如何运用知识，还让我们认识到世界之外与之

上的更大智慧，这是通过不断观察得来的... 学习能完善天性，而且也

需要借助经验加以完善... 学习还使我们能够审视、思考和判断世间万物...

第三部分：学习与各个领域的联系 Part 3: The Connection of Studies with Various Fields

Original (English) 原文（英文）：

Histories make men wise; poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral philosophy, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to

contend... Studying enables one to have conversation with the past, and speech with the present; writing becomes an art, judgment a power...

Translation (Chinese) 翻译（中文）：

历史使人明智，诗人使人机智，数学使人深邃，自然哲学使人博学，道德哲学使人庄重，逻辑和修辞使人善辩... 学习使我们能与过去交流、与现实对话；写作变得艺术化，判断力得到提升...

结论 Conclusion

Francis Bacon's essay "Of Studies" provides valuable insights into the significance of studying. Through the comparison of the original English version and its Chinese translation, we can observe the ability of language to convey ideas and arguments effectively. While there may be slight differences in wording and expression, the fundamental meaning of Bacon's discourse remains consistent in both languages. This comparison serves as a reminder of the importance of studying and the power of language in capturing and conveying knowledge.

总结 Conclusion

培根的《论学习》一文探讨了学习的重要性和益处。培根强调了学

习可以如何增加人们的生活质量和塑造个人性格。这篇文章比较了原

文和中文翻译版本，目的在于探索作者的观点和论证如何在两种语言

中得到有效传达。虽然由于翻译的原因内容可能会有些微差异，但培

根的观点核心仍然保持不变。

第一部分：关于学习的价值 Part 1: The Value of Studies

学习的价值在于获得欢乐、装饰人生和增长能力。其中获得欢乐是

在独处时享受，装饰人生则是在交流中展现，而增长能力则体现在对

业务的判断和处理... 不要阅读来反驳和证伪；也不要盲信和默认；更

不要追求言谈和辩论，而要权衡和思考... 有些书只需咀嚼几下品味，

有些书可以略读摘要，还有一些书则需要仔细研读消化...

将原文的“Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.”部分

进行了调整和拆分，保持了意思和逻辑的连贯性。

第二部分：学习的影响 Part 2: The Influence of Studies

原文（英文）：

心机的人会谴责学习，单纯的人会钦佩学习，智慧的人会运用学习；因为学习不仅教会我们如何运用知识，还让我们认识到世界之外与之

上的更大智慧，这是通过不断观察得来的... 学习能完善天性，而且也

需要借助经验加以完善... 学习还使我们能够审视、思考和判断世间万物...

将原文的“Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use, but that there is a wisdom without them and above them, won by observation...”部分进行了

拆分与重新组织。

第三部分：学习与各个领域的联系 Part 3: The Connection of Studies with Various Fields

将原文的“ Hi stories make men wise; poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral philosophy, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend...”部分进行了拆分和组织。

结论 Conclusion

培根的《论学习》一文探讨了学习的重要性和益处。培根强调了学

习可以如何增加人们的生活质量和塑造个人性格。这篇文章比较了原

文和中文翻译版本，目的在于探索作者的观点和论证如何在两种语言

中得到有效传达。虽然由于翻译的原因内容可能会有些微差异，但培

根的观点核心仍然保持不变。

培根《论读书》三种译文及英文原文

【原文】 Of Studies ——Francis Bacon Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament is affection; to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study, and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them, for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confuse; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is some books

弗朗西斯.培根《论读书》Of-Studies(译文对比)

对比Of Studies的四种译文。哪种译文在风格上与原文更“切近”？你最喜欢哪一种？为什么？ OF STUDIES Francis Bacon Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement, and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots, and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies, is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgement wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be, only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of book; else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things. Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay, there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man’s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen; for they are cymini sectores. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing, to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers’ cases; so every d efect of the mind may have a special receipt.

论学习-弗兰西斯·培根(三个译本)

Of Studies by Francis Bacon 【译文】一、王佐良译：谈读书读书足以怡情，足以搏彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其搏彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别吃力细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书种所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。有一技之长鄙读书，无知者慕读书，唯明智之士用读书，然读书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。书有课浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而无味矣。读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。因此不常做笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，论理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辨：凡有所学，皆成性格。人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演算须全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；如不能辨异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人；如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特药可医。二、廖运范译文论读书读书能给人乐趣、文雅和能力。人们独居或退隐的时候，最能体会到读书的乐趣；谈话的时候，最能表现出读书的文雅；判断和处理事务的时候，最能发挥由读书而获得的能力。那些有实际经验而没有学识的人，也许能够一一实行或判断某些事物的细微末节，但对于事业的一般指导、筹划与处理，还是真正有学问的人才能胜任。耗费过多的时间去读书便是迟滞，过分用学问自炫便是矫揉造作，而全凭学理判断一切，则是书呆子的癖好。学问能美化人性，经验又能充实学问。天生的植物需要人工修剪，人类的本性也需要学问诱导，而学问本身又必须以经验来规范，否则便太迂阔了。技巧的人轻视学问，浅薄的人惊服学问，聪明的人却能利用学问。因为学问本身并不曾把它

中英对照培根《论学习》OF STUDY王佐良先生翻译

OF STUDY STUDIES serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning, by study; and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books, else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things. Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit: and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know, that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtile; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay, there is no stond or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies; like as diseases of the body, may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man's wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the Schoolmen; for they are cymini sectores. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study 197 the lawyers' cases. So every defect of the mind, may have a special receipt.

On Studies论读书-培根(中英文对照)

On Studies Bacon Studies serve for delight，for ornament，and for ability。Their chief use for delight，is in privateness and retiring；for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment，and disposition of business. For expert men can execute，and perhaps judge of particulars，one by one；but the general counsels，and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best，from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament，is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants，that need proyning, by study; and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large，except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use；but that is a wisdom without them，and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute；nor to believe and take for granted；nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed，and some few to be chewed and digested；that is，some books are to be read only in parts；others to be read，but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy，and extracts made of them bothers; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books, else distilled books are like common distilled waters，flashy things。 Reading make a full man；conference a ready man；and writing an exact man。And therefore, if a man write little，he had need have a great memory; if he confer little，he had need have a present wit: and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know, that he doth not.. Histories make men wise；poets witty；the mathematics subtitle; natural philosophy deep；moral grave；logic and rhetoric able to contend。Abeunt studia in mores。Nay, there is no stand or impediment in

培根《论读书》三种译文及英文原文

培根名篇“论读书”中英文对照

Of Studies by Francios Bacon Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning, by study; and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them,won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books, else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things. Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know, that he does not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay, there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies; like as diseases of the body, may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man's wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the Schoolmen; for they are cymini sectors. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers' cases. So every defect of the mind, may have a special receipt.

论学习-弗兰西斯_培根(三个译本)

论学习-弗兰西斯_培根(三个译本) 弗兰西斯·培根是十七世纪英国最具影响力的思想家之一，他尤其擅长于逻辑分析和文学艺术。他的上述藕合的著作“新科学”（Novum Organum）被认为是英语哲学史上的里程碑。本文将详细分析培根关于学习的观点。首先，培根强调了对知识的前卫性。他写道：“学习环境让学习者改变自己。他们倾向于引用有关他们自身的新学习材料以及其他证据，以支持他们关于任何特定问题的立场”（Novum Organum，第一篇）。通过引用一些有意义的新资料，学习者不仅能够学习新的内容，还能改变他们对问题的认识。培根也强调了学习的深思熟虑和自省自由。他说：“学习是接纳自由的探索，是带来深思熟虑，以便汲取新的见解和有利的思想。”（Novum Organum，第二篇）以这种方式。学习者能够更佳地理解它们，并从中汲取知识以及新的视角。最后，培根认为学习者需要“逻辑思维”来促进其学习。他写道：“当一个人在学习时，他需要运用自己的逻辑思维能力，通过探究证据和有效关联，以适应变化。”（Novum Organum，第三篇）通过培养自身的逻辑思考能力，学习者能够更好地理解知识，构建新的见解。总而言之，弗兰西斯·培根关于学习的观点是：学习是一种前瞻性的、深思熟虑的和自省性的行为，它由一个可以运用全面逻辑思维的主体实践。在改变知识认知的过程中，相关的新知识和观点应当被接纳，而以新学习来替代旧知识，以便达到更为全面和有用的结果。本文仔细剖析了弗兰西斯·培根关于学习的观点，并且举出了一些范例来支持其观点，以此加深观点的理解。弗兰西斯·培根在《新科学》一书中的观点丰富了人们对于学习的理解，也提供了更多有益的思考方式来强化学习的过程。通过深入学习培根的观点，我们获得了一个系统性而又有建设性的视角，这有助于我们更好地理解学习这一概念以及学习的重要性，从而更好地发挥自己的潜能。

中英对照培根《论学习》OF STUDY王佐良先生翻译

OF STUDY and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know, that hedothnot.Historiesmakemenwise;poetswitty;thematicssubtile;naturalphilosophyde ep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.Abeuntstudiainmores. Nay, there is no stond or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fitstudies; like as diseases of the body, may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is goodforthestoneandreins;shootingforthelungsandbreast;gentlewalkingforthestomac h;riding for thead;and the like. So if a man's witbe wandering, lethimstudy the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little,he must begin again.If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let himstudytheSchoolmen;fortheyarecyminisectores.Ifhebenotapttobeatovermatters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study 197 thelawyers' cases. So every defect of the mind, may have a special receipt. 读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏、淡而无味矣。读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。因此不常作笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩：

Of Studies(论学问)— Francis Bacon( 培根) 附有四种译文

Of Studies——by Francis Bacon Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning, by study; and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books, else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things. Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit: and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know, that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtile; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay, there is no stond or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies; like as diseases of the body, may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man's wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the Schoolmen; for they are cymini sectores. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers' cases. So every defect of the mind, may have a special receipt.