10经管系商务英语期末考试题型及复习范围

10经管系商务英语期末考试题型及复习范围
10经管系商务英语期末考试题型及复习范围

10经管商务英语期末考试题型及复习范围:

PART ONE

?Match the words with their Chinese translations. (1*10=10)

?Fill each gap in these sentences with a word from the box. Change the forms if necessary. Each word is used only once. (1*10=10)

第一部分复习范围:课本第7页5;第30页2;第36页3;第47页8;第56页1&2;;第78页2&3。

PART TWO 至PART SEVEN:课外

PART TWO:看统计图表,描述趋势。复习课本第32页

PART THREE:阅读理解(判断题)。形式如课本第16页第4题

P36 EX 6

P58 Ex 2

P76 Ex 3

P86 Ex 3

P94 Ex 1

P118 Ex 3

Read the email below.

Are sentences 26-30 ‘Right’ or ‘Wrong’? If there is not enough information to answer ‘Right’or ‘Wrong’, choose ‘Doesn’t say’.

PART FOUR:阅读理解(选择题)。形式如课本第18页第1题

Page 27 EX 3

Page 39 EX 6

Page 47 EX 4

Page 66 EX 2

Page 95 Ex 2

Read the article below.

For each question (31-35), choose the correct answer from A, B or C.

PART FIVE:完形填空。形式如课本第69页第8题

Page 96 EX 2

Page 124 EX 1

Read the job advertisement below.

Choose the correct word to fill each gap from A, B or C.

PART SIX:阅读理解(填表题)。形式如课本第30页第4题

Read the two memos and complete the form.

meals

PART SEVEN:写邀请函,注意写信格式。复习课本第22页3&4,第23页7 Write a letter of invitation with the information given.

Thank you for your invitation to the New Direction Book Fair. I can confirm that we will be at the fair on both days.

Thank you also for the invitation to the special reception. I regret that neither I nor my colleague, sb, will be able to attend the reception, as my company has organized an event on Thursday evening. However, I look forward to seeing you again during the day,

Best wishes, sb

商务英语期末考试参考答案

商务英语期末考试参考答案 说明:商务英语期末考试有五种题型: 一、中英短语互译已经全部总结,见下文 二、问答题已经提供了参考答案,仅供参考,见下文 三、案例分析题请根据题目要求自行准备 四、英语段落翻译中文已经注明,请自己翻看商务英语教程 五、写作请根据题目要求自行准备 1、中英短语互译(详见商务英语课件——每个PPT中的短语部分) PPT1: 1. individual proprietorship个体经营,独资企业 2. convertible bonds 可转换债券 3. memorandum of association 公司章程 4. monopolistic competition 垄断竞争 5. business credit 商业信用 1. 财政资源 financial resources 2. 有限责任公司 limited company 3. 销售收入 sales revenue 4. 有形商品 tangible goods 5. 流动资金 working capital PPT2: 1. flexible manufacturing system 弹性生产系统 2. fractional reserve system 部分准备金制度

3. credit instruments 信用工具,信用票据 4. bull market/bear market 牛/熊或多头/空头市场 5. manufacturing process 制造工艺 1. 厂址选择 facility location 2. 库存控制 inventory control 3. 总支出 aggregate expenditures 4. 股权证/权益证 equity instruments 5. 财务管理 financial management PPT3: 1. performance appraisal 绩效/业绩评估 2. promotion-from-within 内部提拔 3. skills inventory 技术库存 4. macroeconomic ramification 宏观经济衍生物/结果 5. closed-end fund 封闭式基金 1. 项目生命周期 project life cycle 2. 软技能和硬技能 soft skills and hard skills 3. 补偿制度 compensation system 4. 开放式基金 open-ended fund 5. 优先股 preferred stock PP4: 1. profit-oriented objective 利润导向的目标 2. marketing intermediary 营销代理商

法制史期末复习关键词

法制史期末复习关键词 皋陶(gao yao):与尧、舜、禹齐名的上古四圣之一,是尧舜时代的大理官,时称“士”。后常为狱官或狱神的代称。 “禹刑”,是夏朝法律的总称、泛称。怀念大禹而作。《左传》记载:“夏有乱政,而作禹刑”。 《左传》记载说:“商有乱政,而作汤刑”。“汤刑”也不是一部成文的法典。在商朝的法律规范中,不成文的习惯法仍占有很大的比重。另外,国王发布的“命”、“诰”及“誓”也是当时重要的法律渊源,具有最高的法律效力。 “明德”即主张崇尚德治,提倡德教。用道德的力量去教育、感化,使天下臣服。 “慎罚”,即主张在适用法律、实施刑罚时应该审慎、宽缓,不应“乱罚无罪,杀无辜”。具体要求可以归纳为“实施德教,用刑宽缓”,实际上就是强调将教化与刑罚相结合。 “以德配天,明德慎罚”主张,代表了西周初期统治阶层的基本政治理念。 西汉中期以后,“以德配天,明德慎罚”主张被儒家学派发挥成“德主刑辅,礼刑并用”的基本法律思想和法制方针。 第五代周穆王时,革新政治,令吕侯“作吕刑”。因吕侯又称“甫侯”,所以也称“甫刑”。具体内容已无法考证,但在记述中国上古时期历史的重要著作《尚书》中,有《吕刑》一篇,记载了此次穆王命吕侯进行法律改革的大致情况。 一般而言,“礼”大体上包括抽象的精神原则和具体的礼仪形式两个层面。(礼仪与礼义)作为抽象的精神原则,诸如“忠”、“孝”、“节”、“义”、“仁”、“恕”等,都是“礼”的基本内容。 从精神原则方面看,“礼”的核心在于“亲亲”和“尊尊”,在于强调等级名分、等级差别从具体的礼仪形式方面看,“礼”通常有“五礼”、“六礼”和“九礼”之说。 “礼之所去,刑之所取”,“出礼则入刑”。 战争-编户齐民-郡县制 齐民:庶民成为常态 郡县制:政令出于中央,流官代替世袭 在编户齐民占全国大多数人口时,公布的成文法典,陆续出现。战国时代的法家,其讨论的中心是政府运作的技术。于是,法家不仅着眼于建立行政文官制度,也十分注意成文法典能取得公信力。 郑国公布成文法活动 1.铸刑书 公元前536年,郑国执政子产将郑国的法律条文铸在鼎上,向社会公布。这是中国历史上第一次公布成文法,史称“铸刑书”。 “鼎”是国家权力的象征——一言九鼎 2.竹刑 邓析,郑国大夫,与子产同时代。曾在郑国办私学传授法律知识,并经常帮他进行诉讼。前530年,邓析编刑书,刻竹简上,称“竹刑”。后邓析被害,但“竹刑”仍在郑国流传并被

(完整word版)新编电子商务英语期终复习资料

《新编电子商务英语》期终复习参考资料 Unit 1 E-Business Basics I. Questions:p.2 1.What is the difference between e-Commerce and e-Business? Electronic commerce, B2C, or e-Commerce refers to online sales. Electronic business or e-Business, on the other hand, refers to more than just selling online. 2.What can you do by using the Internet? Collect vital business information related to your costumers and competitors; Increase awareness about your company; Streamline communication and improve customer service; . Improve productivity and reduce costs; and Sell your products on line. 3. What are the common ways to get started using e-Business? Make your mark on the web; Leverage email; Embrace e-procurement; and Investigate e-Commerce. II. Exercises:p.2 Translate the following into Chinese: 1.When searching information on line, the user can then either start browsing the website listed, or can narrow the results further by searching within those results for another keyword. 使用者在线搜索信息时,可先开始浏览经初步搜索后罗列出的网站,也可再用一个关键词将此结果进一步搜索以缩小浏览范围。 2.Out-of-pocket costs can be reduced further by implementing a readily updatable website, instead of printed materials that have a short shelf-life, to relay pertinent information to your customer base. 建设一个便于更新的网站来取代使用周期短暂的印刷型资料,以便将相关信息持续不断地传送给您的客房群,则成本费用可进一步减少。 3.Today’s Internet is a powerful way for business to communicate with their

商务英语期末复习

freelance 自由职业的[?fri:lɑ:ns] You sell your work or services to a number of different companies. 自由职业 你把你的工作或服务卖给许多不同的公司 teleworking 远程工作;在家办公; You work for a company from home via email,phone or the Internet电子办公 你在家中通过电子邮件、电话或互联网为一家公司工作, job-sharing 分担工作制 You do your job for part of the week and another person does it for the other part. 分担工作 你在这周做了你的这份工作的一部分,另一个人做另一部分 shift work 换班工作 You work during different parts of the day(eg nights).轮班工作 你在一天中的不同时段工作(如夜班) part-time 兼职;半日工作 You only work for some ot the week(not full-time).兼职工作 你只工作了一周(不是全职)。 temping 打临时工,做临时工作,打零工 You work for different companies for a short time without a permanent contract.临时工作 你在不同的公司工作很短的时间没有一个永久的合同。 c onsultancy 顾问工作,顾问职位; 咨询公司; [k?n?s?ltnsi:] You aren’t employed by a company,but are paid to give specialist advice.顾问公司;咨询公司 你不是受雇于公司,但支付给专业的意见 flextime 弹性上班制; You work a number of hours per week or month but you decide when you start or finish.弹性制 你每周工作几个小时或一个月,但你决定当你工作的起始时间 hot-desking 办公桌轮用制(按需要或依照轮流制度分配办公桌,而不是给每位员工桌子); You don’t have a permanent place or office to work at,but you find a place to work when you arrive.办公桌轮用 你没有一个固定的办公地点,但当你需要办公室可以找到一个办公地点 How to job - share Wouldn't it be nice if the working week finished on Wednesday? With a job-share it can. Here's the essential guide to making it work. 如果工作都在星期三完成,那岂不是很好吗?有工作共享就可以做到。这里是使它工作的基本指南。 (0) Find the perfect partner Find someone you like. 'Be prepared to communicate and share credit and blame,says Carol Savage, the managing director of Flexecutive, a flexible working consultancy.

最新《商务英语阅读》期末考试试卷-A卷

广东外语外贸大学成人高等教育 商务英语(专科)2018学年第1学期 《商务英语阅读》试题(A 卷) 年级: 考试形式:闭卷 考试时间:90分钟 Part I Multiple Choices (15 points, 1 point each) Direction : There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four Choices 1. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, _______ and perfected now. A. developed B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been developed 2. Y ou _______ her in her office last Friday; she’s been out of town for two weeks. A. needn’t have seen B. must have seen C. might have seen D. can’t have seen 3. She’s always been kind to me – I can’t just turn ______on her now that she needs my help. A. my back B. my head C. my eye D. shoulder 4. Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs _______ directed. A. like B. so C. which D. as 5. The _______ goal of the book is to help bridge the gap between research and teaching, particularly the gap between researchers and teachers. A. joint B. intensive C. overall D. decisive 6. W e can accept your order _______ payment is made in advance. A. in the belief that B. in order that C. on the excuse that D. on condition that 7. The medical experts warned the authorities of the danger of diseases in the _______ of the earthquake. A. consequence B. aftermath C. results D. effect 8. Research universities have to keep up with the latest computer and scientific hardware _______ price. A. on account of B. regardless of C. in addition to D. not to mention 9. I am surprised _______ this city is a dull place to live in. A. that you would think B. by what you are thinking C. that you should think D. with what you were thinking 10. Don’t let the child play with scissors _______ he cuts himself. A. in case B. so that C. now that D. only if 11. They always give the vacant seats to _______ comes first. A. whoever B. whomever C. who D. whom 12. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _______ it comes to classroom tests. A. when B. since C. before D. after 13. Personal computers are no longer something beyond the ordinary people; they are _______ available these days. A. promptly B. instantly C. readily D. quickly 14. Owing to _______ competition among the airlines, travel expenses have been reduced considerably . A. fierce B. strained C. eager D. critical 15. Doctor often ______uneasiness in the people they deal with. A. smell B. sense C. hear D. tough Part II Word Match (15 points, 1 point each) Direction : Match the following words with their definitions within each group of five words. Write Group 1 1. authentic A. having powers of learning, reasoning or understanding 2. commitment B. twist; changing shape 3. exaggerate C. a promise or decision to do something 4. intelligent D. real; true and accurate 5. distortion E. say more than the truth about something Group 2 6. authority A. basic; central; forming the necessary basis of something 7. donate B. something that is considered more important than other matters 8. substantial C. the right or ability to control 9. priority D. give something for the benefit of others 10. fundamental E. large in size, value or importance Part III Sentence Completion (10 points, 1 point each) 1. George is not only a skillful painter, but also a ______ writer. (talent) 2. The ________ John to Mary was announced in the newspapers yesterday . (engage) 3. I love the movie because the _______ is my favorite. (act) 4. _______ to say , this absent-minded professor left his umbrella in the classroom again. (need) 5. I'm afraid the girl is a little ________ for her age and height. (weight)

《法学方法论》期末作业---中南财经政法大学2016-2017学年第一学期

中南财经政法大学2016-2017学年第一学期《法学方法论》期末作业

一、试分析法律适用中的价值判断 (一)概述 法律适用有广义和狭义之分。广义的法律适用是指国家机关及其工作人员、社会团体和公民实现法律规范的活动。这种意义上的法律适用一般被称为法的实施。狭义的法律适用是指国家机关及其工作人员依照其职权范围把法律规范应用于具体事项的活动,特指拥有司法权的机关及司法人员依照法定方式把法律规范应用于具体案件的活动。笔者认为这里论述的法律适用主要是狭义的法律适用,是司法裁判活动中的法律适用。 价值判断,就是在司法裁判活动中,根据一定的价值取向判断争议所涉及的法律利益,以实现法律所追求的公平正义。 事实上,法律规范中充满了价值判断,因为任何完整的法律规范都是以实现特定的价值为目的的,并对特定的法益和行为方式作出评价。正如魏德士所言,“在法律规范的事实构成与法律效果的联系中,总是存在着立法者诸如正义、自由、平等、效率、安全等价值判断。” 根据王利明老师的观点,价值判断具有以下特点: 1.价值判断具有一定程度的主观性。它是裁判者根据一定的价值取向在裁判中所作出的选择。 2.价值判断具有受拘束性。要通过方法论的探讨,来规范价值判断的活动。 3.价值判断具有指导性。亦即价值判断要求准确理解和把握法律的意旨,从而在利益发生冲突的情况下,指导法官根据立法者确定的法律意旨,为纠纷的解决提供妥当的判断依据。 4.价值判断必须在司法三段论的框架内进行操作。法官的价值判断都必须在司法三段论的框架内进行,必须确定大前提,并在大前提和小前提的连接过程中进行价值判断。 (二)价值判断在法律适用中存在的必然性 1.在法律适用的过程中必然会涉及价值判断 在司法裁判中,法律适用的过程既不是一个完全取决于法官的个性而无法预测的神秘酿造过程,也不是一个纯粹依据经验简单判断的过程。法官在适用法律的过程中,不仅仅是简单的逻辑演绎的运用,它常常需要法官结合自己的价值观念来对规则、条文以及案件事实进行认定、解释和说明,并凭借实践经验、感觉感受等做出一定的裁判结论。在这个过程中,必须要进行价值判断。 2.价值判断在法律适用中有其存在的必要性和必然性 正如张继成教授所言:“在法律推理中,价值判断是由事实判断推出规范判断的逻辑桥梁,是由一个具有普遍性的法律规范判断(法律规则)和一个具体的事实判断推出另外一个具体的法律规范判断(判决结论)的逻辑中介。”“价值判断具有发现、比较、选择、归类、定性、量裁、导向等功能,没有价值判断就没有法律推理。”“法官认定的案件事实不仅与法律规范所指涉的事实要件相符合,而且与蕴涵于法律规范中的价值判断相符合,因此,法律推理的大、小前提之间不仅具有同一性,而

最新高级商务英语知识点总结-复习

高级商务英语知识点总结(总复习) retire 在上午英语中也有付清(本息)、赎回(票据)的意思。 eg: retire a bill 赎回票据retire documents 赎单 retires stock 已收回注销的股票 retirement 在商务英语中有退股,(固定资产)报废的意思 eg: retirement of a partner 退伙retirement od assets 资产报废retirement of stock 股票回收retirement price 报废价格 join v. 加入,成为...的一员join the company apply for 申请,求职于apply to 向...申请 pay sb. 100 dollars a day/week be /get paid weekly(wage--blue collar)/monthly(salary--white collar) pay after tax 税后支付 PAYE(pay-as-you-earn) 所得税预扣法 pay-as-you-go 账单到期即付pay envelope(pocket)工资袋 pay off 结清解雇pay off period 资本回收期lay off 解雇(基于经济形势) stop employing sb. because there is no work for them to do dismiss 解雇(基于员工表现) to remove sb. from their job lay off rate 解雇率--separation rate leave a job/company 离职 change在商务英语中海油兑换的意思 change in tax rates 税率变更 changes in gold and foreign exchange reserves黄金及外汇储备的增减 change fund 兑换备用金 recruit from 从...招募员工employ sb.as ... employ sb. to do sth. extremely /highly/fairly flexible flexible budget 弹性预算fixed budget 固定预算 flexible exchange rate system 浮动汇率制flexible currency 弹性通货flexible rate 可变利率temporary account 临时账户 temporary budget 临时预算temporary payment 暂付款项 have /take a day off 请一天假

商务英语期末复习

freelance自由职业的[fri:lɑ:ns] Yousellyourworkorservicestoanumberofdifferentcompanies.自由职业 你把你的工作或服务卖给许多不同的公司 teleworking远程工作;在家办公; Youworkforacompanyfromhomeviaemail,phoneortheInternet电子办公 你在家中通过电子邮件、电话或互联网为一家公司工作, job-sharing分担工作制Youdoyourjobforpartoftheweekandanotherpersondoesitfortheotherpart.分担工作 你在这周做了你的这份工作的一部分,另一个人做另一部分 shiftwork换班工作 Youworkduringdifferentpartsoftheday(egnights).轮班工作 你在一天中的不同时段工作(如夜班) part-time兼职;半日工作 Youonlyworkforsomeottheweek(notfull-time).兼职工作 你只工作了一周(不是全职)。 temping打临时工,做临时工作,打零工Youworkfordifferentcompaniesforashorttimewithoutapermanentcontract.临时工作 你在不同的公司工作很短的时间没有一个永久的合同。 c onsultancy顾问工作,顾问职位;咨询公司;[knsltnsi:] Youaren’temployedbyacompany,butarepaidtogivespecialistadvice.顾问公司;咨询公司 你不是受雇于公司,但支付给专业的意见 flextime弹性上班制; Youdon’thavea permanentplaceorofficetoworkat,butyoufindaplacetoworkwhenyou arrive.办公桌轮用 你没有一个固定的办公地点,但当你需要办公室可以找到一个办公地点 Howtojob-share Wouldn'titbeniceiftheworkingweekfinishedonWednesdayWithajob-share (0)Findtheperfectpartner Findsomeoneyoulike.'Bepreparedtocommunicateandsharecreditandblame,saysCarolSava ge,themanagingdirectorofFlexecutive,aflexibleworkingconsultancy. creditandblame信用和责任;director主管,主任;flexible灵活的;consultancy顾问

《商务英语阅读》期末复习指导

《商务英语阅读》期末复习指导 一、课程说明 适于省开英语专业专科商务方向学习者使用。本课程选用的教材是由对外经济和贸易大学黄震华教授主编的《商务英语阅读》一书,中央广播电视大学2003年6月出版。共十八课,每课有正副课文各一篇,共三十六篇。 二、考试说明 考试的性质及方式:期末采用闭卷考试,时间90分钟。考核范围:广东电大编写的《商务英语阅读期末复习指导》;期末考试成绩计核方法:形成性考核成绩占30%,期末考试占70%。期末考试题型及所占比例:选择题(15%);填空题(10%); 翻译题(30%);阅读理解(45%)。 三、综合复习 (一)选择题 1、C 2、D 3、D 4、A 5、C 6、B 7、B 8、B 9、A 10、B 11、A 12、A 13、A 14、C 15、A 16、C 17、C 18、C 19、C 20、C 21、A 22、D 23、C 24、A 25、B 26、A 27、A 28、D 29、C 30、B 31、D 32、B 33、C 34、B 35、C 36、C 37、C 38、B 39、D 40、D (二)填空题 1.用下列词填空: 1、air-conditioned; 2、handmade; 3、thunder-struck; 4、heart-felt; 5、data-based; 6、self-employed; 7、custom-built; 8、weather-beaten 2.用下列词填空: 1. structure 2. managers 3. benefits 4. margin 5. capital market 6. investment 7. marketing concept 8. raw material 9. shareholders 10. capital

商务英语阅读期末考试复习资料

《商务英语阅读》期末考试复习资料一、词汇翻译题(课内词汇+课外高频商务词汇) 1.entrepreneur 企业家 2.specification 规格详述 3.human resources 人力资源 4.institution 机构 5.orientation 方向,导向,新员工 入职培训 6.decline 消减,衰亡 7.bonus 奖金 https://www.360docs.net/doc/711723792.html,unch 推出,投放市场 https://www.360docs.net/doc/711723792.html,munity 社区,共同体 10.necessities (生活)必需品 11.stock 股票 12.liquidity 流动性,变现性 13.risk 风险 14.potential 潜在的 15.act of God 不可抗力 https://www.360docs.net/doc/711723792.html,y off 使……下岗 17.listed company 上市公司 18.log on 登入、连接(上网) 19.absolute interest 绝对产权 20.keyboard skills 打字技能 21.human resources 人力资源 22.account for 解释某事物的原因,占……比例 23.executive 高级管理人员,执行总 裁 24.logo 企业或公司等专用的标记、标 识 25.administration 管理 26.budget 预算27.feasible 可行的 28.industry 产业,行业 29.ingredient 成分,要素 30.securities 证券 https://www.360docs.net/doc/711723792.html,mission 佣金 32.dividend 股息,红利 33.mature 到期,成熟 34.accounts receivable 应收账款 35.job description 岗位描述 36.letter of intent 意向书 37.living wage 基本生活工资 38.bar code 条形码 39.acid test 决定性的考验 40.executive 高管,主管 41.administrative expenses 行政管 理费用 42.jet lag 飞机时差反应 43.customized 用户化的,按客户要求 定制的 44.keep-fit market 保健市场 45.lecture theatre 梯形教室,梯形 报告厅 46.local adaptation 本土化 47.balance sheet 资产负债表 48.benefits package 福利套餐,整体 福利 49.bill of lading 提单、提货单 50.access fee 使用费 二、单项选择题(课内) 1.Factors of production refer to _______. A.natural resources and capital https://www.360docs.net/doc/711723792.html,bor and entrepreneurs C.both A and B 2.The structure of a large manufacturing company and that of a small service firm

商务英语期末复习

商务英语期末复习 Unit 2 1c词汇用下面的词语填进下列句子的空格中 1、Managers have to decide how best to allocate the human, physical and capital resources (资源、财力)available to them. 2、Managers – logically – have to make sure that the jobs and tasks given to their subordinates are manageable. 3、There is no point in setting objectives if you don’t communicate them to your staff. 4、Managers have to supervise their subordinates, and to measure, and try to improve, their performance. 5、Managers have to check whether objectives and targets are being achieved. 6、A top manager whose performance is unsatisfactory can be dismissed by the company’s board of directors. 7、Top managers are responsible for the innovations that will allow a company to adapt to a changing world. 1d词汇课文里有一些常见的动词-名词搭配(入achieve objectives, deal with crises等等。把下面的动词和名词按照常用搭配连起来。 1、make decisions 做出决策 2、communicate information/decisions/objectives 向……传达信息/决定/目标 3、allocate resources 分配资源,或“配置资源” 4、develop strategies/people 发展战略/培养人员 5、measure performance 测评绩效 6、motivate people 激励员工 7、perform jobs 完成工作 8、set objectives 设定目标 9、supervise subordinates监管下属 Unit 3 1b词汇下面是一些有关公司组织机构的基本词语。把它们和定义用直线连起来。 1、autonomous 自治的 Independent, able to take decisions without consulting a higher authority 2、decentralization 分散,分权 Dividing an organization into decision-making units that are not centrally controlled 3、function 职能 A specific activity in a company, e.g. production, marketing, finance 4、hierarchy 层次,层级 A system of authority with different levels, one above the other 5、line authority 直线职权 The power to give instructions to people at the level below in the chain of command 6、report to 向……报告(负责) To be responsible to someone and to take instructions from him or her 7、subordinates 下属 People working under someone else in a hierarchy Unit 4 1a词汇下列的句子说明某些关于工作的基本词汇。哪些是正确的答案? 1、To inspire, to induce, to give a reason or incentive to someone to do something. (motivate 激发) 2、A person employed by someone else, working for money. (employee 职工,雇员) 3、Relations between employers and employees, managers and workers, management and unions. (labor relations 劳资关系)

国际商务英语阅读教程(第四版)-期末复习

Unit 1~2 Mercantilism 重商主义 Neomeicantilist 新重商主义者 Trade surplus 贸易顺差 Quota and tariff 配额和关税 Government intervention 政府干预 Zero-sum game 零和博弈 Positive-sum game 常和博弈 The theory of absolute advantage 绝对优势理论 The theory of comparative advantage 比较优势理论 Factor endowments 要素禀赋理论 Product life cycle 产品生命周期(+theory ……理论) Economies of scale 规模经济 Diminishing returns 收益递减规律 Green revolution 绿色革命 Voluntary restriction 自动出口限制 Deposit 佣金 First mover advantage 先占优势 Barrier to entry 进入(市场)壁垒 Porter’s diamond theory 波特的钻石理论 National competitive advantage 国家竞争优势 The department of commerce 商务部 Letter of credit 信用证 Draft /bill of exchange 汇票 bill of lading B/L 提单 Sight draft 即期汇票 Time draft 远期汇票 Banker ‘s acceptance 银行承兑(+bill …汇票) Trade acceptance 商业承兑汇票 Countertrade 对等贸易 Barter 易货贸易 Switch trading 转手贸易 Offset 抵消 Counter purchase 互购贸易 Compensation trade 补偿贸易 Mercantilism suggests that it is in a country’s best interest to maintain a trade surplus -- to export more than it imports(重商主义就是保持贸易顺差以实现一国的最大利益---出口超过进口) Mercantilism advocates government intervention(介入) to achieve a surplus in the balance of trade (重商主义主张政府介入以便实现对外贸易顺差) It views trade as a zero-sum game - one in which a gain by one country results in a loss by another (将贸易看成零和博弈,一个国家收益一个国家受损) Absolute Advantage 绝对优势 Adam Smith argued that a country has an absolute advantage in the production of a product when it is more efficient than any other country in producing it 亚当斯密认为一个国家生产一种商品比其他任何国家效率都高时存在绝对优势 According to Smith, countries should specialize in the production of goods for which they have an absolute advantage and then trade these goods for the goods produced by other countries 按照亚当斯密的说法,各国应该专门生产具有绝对优势的商品,然后用他们交换其他国家生产的商品 The Benefit(好处) of Absolute Advantage and Free Trade The Principle for International Division of Labor–Absolute Advantage 国际分工的原则---绝对优势 The Consequence(结果) of Division of Labor and Free Trade 分工的结果和自由贸易 1. To Production: the Flow of the Factor of Production 生产要素的流动; the Efficiency of Factor Distribution 要素分配效率;the Quantity of Production 产品质量。 2. To Consumer: Welfare from Free Trade自由贸易福利: low price of imports and more consumption 低价格的进口更多的消费 Comparative Advantage比较优势 Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage suggests that countries should specialize in the production of those goods they produce most efficiently and buy goods that they produce less efficiently from other countries, even if this means buying goods from other countries that they could produce more efficiently at home李嘉图的比较优势理论认为一个国家分工生产最有效率的产品,而从别国购买自己生产效率相对较低的产品,

相关文档
最新文档