通用版中考语法讲义+习题+解析 (word打印版)

通用版中考语法讲义+习题+解析 (word打印版)
通用版中考语法讲义+习题+解析 (word打印版)

(共26套)通用版中考语法讲义+习题+解析

(word打印版)

冠词

冠词是说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词, 置于名词之前, 它不能离开名词而单独存在。

冠词的分类:不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词。

一、不定冠词

1. 不定冠词的搭配:

不定冠词有a 和an 两个, 表示“一个”, “一类”或“一”, 可以说是单数名词的

帽子, 用于单数名词之前。

冠词

包括

区别

举例 不定冠词

a

用于辅音音素开头的单词前

a book; a ruler,

a university

an

用于元音音素开头的单词前

an egg; an umbrella;

an apple

2. 不定冠词的用法

用法

例句

当第一次提到某人或某物时, 用a 或an 起介绍作用

---What is this? 这是什么? ---It is a bus. 这是一辆公共汽车。 指某人或某物, 但不具体说明何人或何

A boy is looking for you. 一个男孩儿正在找

冠词

知识精讲

3. 不定冠词常用在某些固定词组中, 如:

a lot (of) 许多, 大量 a little 一点儿 a few 一些, 少数几个

in a hurry 匆忙have a cold 感冒make a face 做鬼脸

a number of许多 a pair of 一对have a good time过得愉快

have a swim=swim have a walk=walk have a look=look have a talk=talk

二、定冠词

定冠词只包含一个“the”, 用在名词的前面, 帮助指明名词的含义。区别于不定冠词, 定冠词具有确定的意思, 用以特指人或事物。

1. 定冠词的基本用法

2. 定冠词的其他用法

三、零冠词

零冠词是指名词前面没有不定冠词( a/an )、定冠词( the ), 也没有其他限定词的现象。

1. 零冠词的基本用法

2. 不用冠词的其他情况

三点剖析

一、重难点:

冠词是用在名词前起辅助作用的词, 要注意冠词不会单独出现。冠词用法比较复杂, 一定要掌握不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词不同的使用情况。

二、易错点:

1. 不定冠词a用在辅音音素前, 而不是用在辅音字母前;an用在元音音素前, 而不是用在元音字母前。如:a European, a university, an hour, an honest boy。

2. 零冠词中, 国名、人名前不加冠词, 是指单纯词形式的词, 如:England, America, Frank;不能是合成词, 如:the United States of America。

3. 当由介词by加交通工具表达交通方式时, 不加冠词(但是由动词take加交通工具时, 则需要用冠词), 例如:by bus=take a bus; by taxi=take a taxi。

题模精选

题模一:不定冠词及用法

例1.1.1用a或an填空

1_ worker 2. European country

例1.1.2用a或an完成句子

Would you like _________apple or _________pear?

题模二:定冠词及用法

例1.2.1. I really like _________ book you lent me yesterday.

A. a B.an C.the D./

例1.2.2. ---Look! There is a monkey eating _________ apple in the tree.

---En, _________ monkey is very cute.

A.a; a B.a; the

C.an; an D.an; the

题模三:零冠词及用法

例1.3.1. We often have sports after class, and I like to play _________ basketball. A. a B.an C.the D./

例1.3.2. --- Will you get there by _________ train?

---No, I’ll take _________ taxi.

A./; a B.a; the C./; / D.the; a 随堂练习

随练1.1There is ______ eraser on the desk.

A./ B.an C. a D.the

随练1.2The tall boy is my cousin. He is ______ university student.

A. a B.an C.the D./

随练1.3There is ______ Iphone5 on my table. ______ Iphone5 is made in America. A.an; the B.the; A

C.an; A D.a; An

随练1.4(2014初一上第六十六中学期末This is ______ apple. ______ apple is good. A.an; The B.the; An

C.an; A D.the; A

随练1.5David is very clever. She can play _____ violin.

A.the B.an C. a D./

随练1.6用a或an填空

1. _______arm

2. eye

3. _______book

4. umbrella

随练1.7Lily likes to play ______ guitar in her free time but Tony likes to play ______ soccer.

A.a; the B.the; /

C.the; a D.an; a

自我总结

作业1用a或an填空

1. _______animal

2. ear

3. _______bike

4. x

5._ _______hour

6._ _______university

作业2用a或an完成句子

1. There is _________old man under the tree.

2. Tom is _________honest boy. He is going to _________university in London.

3. Give me _________egg, please.

4. This is _________teacher. He is _________English teacher.

作业3What’s this in English? - It’s a car. It’s ______old car.

A. a B.an C.the D./

作业4There is ___ alarm clock on the table. It’s a new one.

A.the B. a C.an D.has

作业5There is ________ “o” in the word “ fourteen.”

A. a B.an C.the D./

作业6This is ______ ID card. ______ ID card is Tom’s.

A.a, A B.an, A

C.the, The D.an, The

作业7There is a factory near the farm. Many people work in _________factory. A.the B. a C.an D./

作业8

—Tom, do you like playing______ piano?

—No. I like playing_______ chess.

A.a, the B.the, / C./, the D.the, a

作业9My sister likes playing piano, but she doesn’t like playing tennis. A.不填, the B.the, 不填

C.不填, 不填D.the, the

作业10I don’t like playing _________violin at home. Let’s play _________basketball at school.

A.the; the B.the; /

C./; the D./; /

作业11Is there ______ old supermarket on ______ Bridge Street?

A.a; the B.an; the

C.the; / D.an; /

作业12We have ______ lunch ______ half past twelve.

A. a; at

B. an; at

C. /; at

D. the; in

答案解析

冠词

题模精选

题模一:不定冠词及用法

例1.1.1

【答案】 a worker; a European country

【解析】考查不定冠词的使用。要根据冠词紧接的词的首字母发音, 而不是字母。

例1.1.2

【答案】an, a

【解析】考查不定冠词的使用。要根据冠词紧接的词的首字母发音, 而不是字母。

题模二:定冠词及用法

例1.2.1

【答案】C

【解析】考查定冠词的使用。特指“你借给我的那本书”, 故选C。

例1.2.2

【答案】D

【解析】考查定冠词及不定冠词的使用。句意:看, 有只猴子正在吃苹果。恩, 这只猴子真可爱。第一个空, 指“一个苹果”, 用“an”, 第二个空指代上文中提到过的猴子, 用“the”, 故选D。

题模三:零冠词及用法

例1.3.1

【答案】D

【解析】考查零冠词的使用。球类运动前不加冠词, 故选D。

例1.3.2

【答案】A

【解析】考查零冠词及不定冠词的使用。by加交通工具表达交通方式时, 不加冠词, 但是由动词take加交通工具时, 则需要用冠词, 故选A。

随堂练习

随练1.1

【答案】B

【解析】考察冠词。泛指“一个”使用a/an, 单词eraser [?'re?z?]以元音音标开头, 所以使用an。

随练1.2

【答案】A

【解析】考察冠词。泛指“一个”使用a/an, 单词university [ju?n?'v??s?t?]发音为辅音开头, 所以使用a。

随练1.3

【答案】A

【解析】考察冠词。泛指使用且以元音开头使用an, 特指使用the。

随练1.4

【答案】A

【解析】Apple为元音音素, 用an。

随练1.5

【答案】A

【解析】冠词, 考查冠词的特殊用法, 在音乐乐器前需加冠词the。

随练1.6

【答案】an arm; an eye; a book; an umbrella

【解析】考查不定冠词的使用。要根据冠词紧接的词的首字母发音, 而不是字母。

随练1.7

【答案】B

【解析】冠词, 乐器前加the, 球类运动用零冠词。

作业1

【答案】 1. an animal; 2. an ear; 3. a bike; 4. an x; 5. an hour; 6. a university

【解析】考查不定冠词的使用。要根据冠词紧接的词的首字母发音, 而不是字母。

作业2

【答案】 1. an; 2. an, a; 3. an; 4. a, an

【解析】考查不定冠词的使用。要根据冠词紧接的词的首字母发音, 而不是字母。

作业3

【答案】B

【解析】考查冠词。泛指“一个”使用a/an, 字母”o”发音为元音开头, 所以使用an。

作业4

【答案】C

【解析】冠词, 根据句意“一个”可知用不定代词, alarm[?'lɑ?m]以元音音标开头, 故用an。

作业5

【答案】B

【解析】冠词, 字母O[??]以元音音标开头, 故用an。

作业6

【答案】D

【解析】考查冠词。泛指使用不定冠词a/an, ID [,ai'di:]元音音标开头使用an, 特指使用the。

作业7

【答案】A

【解析】考查冠词的使用。the是定冠词, 指上文提及的, 故选A。

作业8

【答案】B

【解析】冠词, 根据乐器可知前面需要冠词the, 后句属于固定用法play chess。故选项

B正确。

作业9

【答案】B

【解析】冠词, 根据固定用法可知play the piano, 第二个属于固定用法, 故选项B正确。

作业10

【答案】B

【解析】考查冠词的使用。西洋乐器前要加定冠词the, 球类运动前不加冠词, 固定用法, 故选B。

作业11

【答案】D

【解析】考查冠词。Old为元音因素词, 因此用an, bridge street是街道名称, 因此前面不加冠词。

作业12

【答案】

【解析】介词, 吃午饭have a lunch及在时间点前面at。

宾语从句

宾语从句

知识精讲

一、定义

宾语从句是英语复合句中非常重要的从句之一, 也是初中阶段要求重点掌握的从句。宾语从句属于名词性从句, 是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语。宾语从句一般做介词或及物动

词的宾语, 如:

We all expect that they will win.

我们所有人都盼着他们能赢。(动宾)

We are talking about whether we should keep the money.

我们正在讨论是否应该收下这笔钱。(介宾)

二、宾语从句的连接词

宾语从句的引导词很多样, 基本涵盖了从句中涉及的所有引导词, 可分为从属连词, 连接代词和连接副词, 用法如下表:

二、宾语从句的时态

1. 若主句是现在时的某种时态(一般现在时, 现在进行时, 现在完成时), 宾语从句不受限制, 可以根据实际情况随意穿越, 如:

I remember he gave me a book yesterday.

我记得他昨天给了我一本书。

He has told me that he will leave for Shanghai next week.

他已经告诉我下周他就要动身去上海了。

2. 若主句是过去时的某种时态(包括一般过去时, 过去进行时), 那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时, 过去进行时, 过去将来时, 过去完成时), 如:

I only knew he was studying in a western country.

我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书。

My teacher told me that Mrs. Rosemary had been back to Australia already.

我的老师告诉我, Rosemary夫人已经回澳大利亚了。

The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to deal with smog.

记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施处理雾霾。

3. 若从句是一个客观真理,那么从句用一般现在时, 不根据主句的时态而变化, 如:

The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound last week.

上周老师告诉我们说光比声音传播快。

三、宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序, 尤其疑问词作连接词的句子要格外注意, 因为读起来与正常疑问句不同, 容易出错, 陈述语序即主语+谓语的顺序, 如:

Is it a good idea? Do you think so?

=Do you think (that) it is a good idea?

四、宾语从句的否定转移

主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, consider等,并且主句的主语是第一人称时, 从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.

I don’t think he will come to my party. (√)

I think he won’t come to my party. (×)

我认为他不会来我的舞会.

I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim, is he?

我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?

五、宾语从句的简化

1. 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同, 且主句谓语动词为hope, wish, decide, agree, choose等词时, 从句可简化为不定式结构, 如:

My friend hopes that he can receive a birthday present.

=My friend hopes to receive a birthday present.

我的朋友希望收到一份生日礼物。

2. 当宾语从句主语和主句的主语相同, 且主句的谓语动词是know, remember, forget, learn等, 从句有疑问词引导时, 从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构, 如:

She doesn’t know what she should say next.

=She doesn’t know what to say next.

她不知道该说些什么。

三点剖析

一、重难点:

宾语从句时初中阶段重点考点, 考试最后一题单选题往往涉及, 考查重点主要是从宾

语从句的语序和时态入手, 判断时态, 还原陈述语序也就是做这种题的关键。

二、易错点:

1. if, whether在宾语从句中的区别

在宾语从句中if和whether都是“是否”的意思, 但在一下情况下, 只能用whether

1). if和whether在作“是否”解时, 介词后一般不用if, 如:

They are talking about whether she will come tonight.

他们正在讨论今晚她会不会来。

2). whether后可以加or not, 但是if不可以, 如:

They don’t know whether she will come or not.

他们不知道她会不会来。

3). 在不定式前只能用whether, 如:

I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。

4). 避免歧异时, 我们常用whether而不用if, 如:

They are wondering if she can come. (×)

They are wondering whether she can come. (√)

注:if只有在宾从中才作“是否”理解, 在常见的条件状语从句中翻译为“如果”, 如:

If I pass the exam, I will get a present from my mom.

如果通过考试, 我将从妈妈那里得到个礼物。

2. 宾语从句中不可省略的that

that引导宾语从句没有意思, 大多时候可以省略, 但若多个宾语从句并列时, 第一个that可省略, 其余连词后的that必须要在, 以表示与前一句宾语从句并列, 否则会出现歧义, 如:

He admits (that) there are some problems in this software and that it will take a while to solve them.

他承认软件有问题, 同时承认解决问题需要一些时间。

题模精选

题模一:关系词选择

例1.1.1---It’s said that the new highway has been completed.

---Yes, but we don’t know _________ it’s to be opened to traffic soon. A.which B.when

C.whether D.since

例1.1.2---It’s so late. Why not write the report tomorrow?

---But I don’t know _________ I can do it if not now.

A.why B.when C.how D.where

例1.1.3选择恰当关系词填空

1. Do you know _________ else is going to be on duty today? (who, whom)

2. Jim told me _________ he didn’t go fishing yesterday afternoon. (how, why) 题模二:宾语从句的语序和时态

例1.2.1句型转换

1. “These flowers are from Guangdong.” He said.

He said _________ these flowers _________ from Guangdong.

2. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don’t know.

I don’t know _________ the watch _________ made in Shanghai.

例1.2.2

– Can you tell me _________ to London?

– Sure. Next month.

A. when you will travel

B. when will you travel

C. when you travelled

D. when did you travel

例1.2.3

—What did the teacher say to you just now?

—She asked ______.

A.where did I learn Japanese

B.where I learned Japanese

C.where do I learn Japanese

D.where I learn Japanese

随堂练习

随练1.1选择恰当关系词填空

1. She said _________ it wouldn’t matter much.(that, if)

2. He always thinks _________ he can do better.(how, who)

3. We are talking about _________ we’ll go back tomorrow. (whether, if)

4. I was really surprised at _________ I saw. (where, what)

5. I don’t know _________ so many people are looking at him. (how, why)

6. Do you know _________ you are studying for? (why, what)

7. I really don’t know _________ he bridge will be finished.(how long, how soon)

随练1.2Could you say it again? I can’t understand _________ you are talking about. A.how B.when C.what D.which

随练1.3We’ll plant trees tomorrow, and I don’t know _________ Tom will come and join us.

A.if B.what C.which D.where

随练1.4What did Mike say? He said _________.

A.if you are free the next week

B.what color was it

C.the weather is fine

D.summer comes after spring

随练1.5Tom asked my friend _________.

A.where was he from

B.that the earth is bigger than the moon

C.when did he come back

D.not to be so angry

随练1.6She told me the sun _________ in the east.

A.rise B.rose

C.rises D.had risen

上海初中英语语法练习题

集错卷 一. 选择题 1. ( ) The government should make laws to stop factories _____ letting out waste directly. A. by B. from C. up D. to 2. ( ) Pigs like to stay in dirty water or mud. Because mud can _________insect _____them. A. Keep; from B. protect; from C. keep; off D. prevent; from 3. ( ) ---May I come with you to see”Swan Lake”? -----________________. A. Yes, I’d love to B. Yes, of course C. No, thanks D. that’s all right 4. ( ) When will you and your parents ____________ for France? A. set out B. turn out C. take out D. make out 5. ( ) He tried to ___________ the words on the sign in the dark, but he couldn’t. A. give out B. make out C. pick out D. put out 6. ( ) Sorry, I can’t tell you __________ A .what his brother like B. what his brother is liked C. what is his brother like C. what his brother is like 7. ( ) We usually have lunch at school, _____________? A. haven’t we B. do we C. don’t we D. have we 8. ( ) There is still an hour. You ___________ leave so early. A. can’t B. needn’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t 9. ( ) With the help of the Internet, we can know what _________ people around the world are doing. A. another B. the other C. other D. the others 10. ( ) Many experts think pigs are _________ to train than or cats. A. easier B. much easy C. more easily D. too easy 11. ( )Everybody needs a shoulder to cry on __________ in their life. A. sometimes B. some time C. some times D. sometime 12. ( ) I felt ___________ when I won the first prize for the high jump in the sports meeting. A. possibly B. happily C. interesting D. excited 13. ( ) The old lady can’t see the message _________ on the mobile phone. A. clear enough B. enough clear C. clearly enough D. enough clearly 14. ( ) After the exam, we shall enter senior high school ________the autumn. A. in B. on C. of D. at 15. ( ) Drivers should be very familiar ___________the traffic signs and rules. A. to B. with C. at D. for 16. ( ) How many huge bridges have been built _________the Huangpu River? A. on B. beside C. above D. over 17. ( ) Yesterday it rained heavily when school was over. We __________ stay in our classroom. A. should B. must C. had to C. ought to 18. ( ) Don’t forget to _________your things with you when you get out of the taxi. A. bring B. carry C. take C. lift 19. ( ) It is almost known to all that the Olympic Games __________ every four years. A. hold B. is held C. holds C. are held

2017年中考英语语法难点汇总

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