自考英美文学选读背诵精华篇

自考英美文学选读背诵精华篇
自考英美文学选读背诵精华篇

英美文学选读 傲慢与偏见

英 美 文 学 选 读 论 文 《傲慢与偏见》的女性 叙事视角解读 姓名: 班级: 学号:

《傲慢与偏见》的女性叙事视角解读 摘要: 奥斯丁在《傲慢与偏见》中,通过在全知视角下具有限制性的叙述模式向我们展示了灰姑娘的浪漫爱情故事,描绘出作者所处时代的社会道德风貌,表达了作者的女性抗争意识及对当时社会婚姻观的批判。 关键词: 全知视角;有限视角 在奥斯丁的著作中,《傲慢与偏见》一直深受读者的喜爱,并经受住了时间的考验,成为文学史上不休的名著。剖析其原因,发现这与奥斯丁高超的叙事技巧是分不开的。自小说发表以来,其叙述技巧引起了广泛的评论,纵观其评论,发现对其独特的女性视角分析还是不够。在这部小说中,奥斯丁颠覆了以往男权统治下的话语权,采用了全知视角下,从女性的有限视角展示故事,从女性的角度来描写生活,并首次让小说中的女性形象第一次成为真正意义上的主角,让女性有了话语权。因而,从女性视角这一角度对小说进行解读,对于理解和把握作品具有重要的意义。申丹曾指出:叙事者的性别不同,往往会对叙事模式及其意义产生影响。把性别和视角结合在一起的女性视角是指从性别入手来审视人类的文化遗产和文化创造的一种批评观念和批评角度。本文将从女性叙事视角对小说进行解读,发掘其对于展现女性意识的意义。 叙事视角,在文学作品中是指作品叙述者或者人物从什么角度观

察故事。从小说的整体来说,奥斯丁在《傲慢与偏见》中选择了全知视角,如在交代故事背景,人物首次出场以及在每章节中奥斯丁看似无意的评述。例如:小说的第一章第一句话就是通过贝内特太太总括式的议论“有钱的单身汉总是要娶位太太,这是一条公认的真理。”使读者顷刻间就能识别人物形象。贝内特太太在全知叙述视角下,是作为被叙述对象而存在,她的那句总括式议论,与作者的价值信念是完全不同的,因而造成了读者与她的距离,读者高高在上地评判着贝内特太太,笑她的迂腐和无知。但是正是这一人物形象,却揭露了当时社会上普遍流行的婚姻价值观,正是因为当时流行的婚恋观所以贝内特太太才把嫁女儿当作自己的人生大事,读者在嘲讽贝内特太太的同时也了解了整个社会背景,实际上读者对贝内特太太的疏离也拉近了读者和隐含作者的距离,从而拉近了读者和女主人公的距离。在全知视角的应用方面还可以从小说的第二十二章中,作者那一段心酸讽刺的话语评价了夏绿蒂的婚姻看出。“大凡家境不好而又受过相当教育的青年女子,总是把结婚当作仅有的一条体面的退路。尽管结婚并不一定会叫人幸福,但总算给自己安排了一条最可靠的储藏室,日后可以不致挨冻受饥。”这句话揭示出了当时女子在婚姻方面的被动局面,在男权社会里,女性一直处于附属地位,婚姻是两个门当户对家庭的结合,爱情的有无处于次要地位。对于女性来说,她在婚姻市场的卖点取决于她能够带来的嫁妆,像夏绿蒂这样没有嫁妆的女性,在当时只有两条路可走,一条是做家庭教师,另一条就是抓住婚姻,所以当迂腐的柯林斯向她求婚时她爽快地答应了,这在夏绿蒂看来似乎

全国2014年4月自考英美文学选读真题

绝密★考试结束前 全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试 英美文学选读试题 课程代码:00604 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。全部题目用英文作答。 选择题部分 注意事项: 1.答题前,考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。 2.每小题选出答案后,用2 B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。 I. Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each) Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark your choice by blackening the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the answer sheet. 1. Shakespeare has established his giant position in world literature with his ______ plays, 154 sonnets and 2 long poems. A. 27 B. 38 C.47 D. 52 2. john Milton’s literary achievement can be divided into three groups: the early poetic works, the middle prose pamphlets and the last ______. A. romances B. dramas C. great poems D. ballads 3. The novels of ______ are the first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower— class people. A. John Milton B. Daniel Defoe C. Henry Fielding D. Jonathan Swift

如何学习《英美文学选读》

要通过《英美文学选读》这门课考试,不是考前“冲刺”一类的短训能奏效的。这门课难就难在它的阅读量很大,它包括英国和美国的诸多作家的诸多作品,而每一部作品就是一部书。现行统一教材在作家和作品的选取方面尽管已经是精而又精了,但还是不得不采用节选的办法来压缩篇幅。即便如此,为了更好地理解作品,考生还不得不在对整部作品了解的基础上,在教师指导下反复阅读节选,才能对节选部分的内容以及思想有较好的理解。不过文学阅读也有规律可循。下面的文字就“选读”课的性质、阅读时读取什么信息、现行试题各个部分的考查点是什么、如何回答简单论述题等问题,给考生一点提示,希望能对考生学习、复习《英美文学选读》课提供一些帮助。 第一部分《英美文学选读》课的性质 一、《英美文学选读》课的重点是作品顾名思义,“英美文学选读”是有选择地阅读英美文学史上有影响作家的重要作品,熟知作品内容,了解大多数批评家和读者已经接受的对这些作品主题的表述,并能从作品中找到、列举出证明这些表述的细节。这样的定义里有三个要注意的问题。一是作品内容,二是作品里的细节,三是节作品主题。三个同等重要,学习者不能只取其一。以小说为例,所谓作品内容,是指情节(plot)、场景(setting)、人物(characters)、语气(tone)、以及语言(style)。情节是指故事里所展示的事件和这些事件按作家意愿有序的安排,如事件发生的背景、事件中涉及的人物、事件本身(即冲突)、以及解决冲突的办法和结果。情节就是故事;没有情节就没有故事;熟知情节是理解文学作品,特别是小说和戏剧的第一、也是不可缺少的一步。不掌握故事情节,对作品进行深入分析就无从谈起。有故事当然就有人,对人物的分析是对作品分析的核心。语气是指作者在他/她刻画人物、安排情节、描写场景时所持的态度,而作者的态度直接影响我们对作品思想的理解。作者要表达自己对人物、事件的态度,只有通过文字才能与读者交流,而不同的作家使用语言的风格(style)是不一样的。如果掌握了以上内容,就掌握了细节,之所以把细节单列出来,是因为多数考生只记得大概情节,考试中不能用具体的细节进行人物或思想分析、评述,空话太多。劳伦斯小说《儿子与情人》(Sons and Lovers)里,成年的保罗是如何仍然生活在他母亲的掌控之下的细节,是分析这部作品里的人物和主题的关键,不能引用相关细节作为根据,分析就失去了基础。阅读文学作品一定要在一般性的了解情节的基础上,尽量记一些细节,细节显示考生对作品的熟悉程度。主题是对作品思想的高度概括。教材里作家作品概述和作品简介(斜体部分),对作品主题已有简明准确的表述,考生不可不读。对这些表述的理解,又是以考生对作品内容、细节的掌握为基础的。作品内容、细节、主题是考生学习的重点。 两点说明: (一)这里我们姑且不讨论新批评对作者和作品关系的观点,也不去讨论接受美学和读者反映理论,本科阶段没有开设文学批评理论课,没有必要进行那样的讨论,教师也不要引入类似的话题,以免造成不必要的困惑。 (二)从历年考题来看,作家的生卒年月、家庭背景、接受教育情况、作品发表年代等都不在考察范围,考生不必在这些方面浪费时间。目前市场上有一些英美文学教材和辅导材料在作家生平上花费了相当的篇幅,有的甚至远远超过了对文学作品本身的介绍和分析,这类书籍对考生复习没有多大帮助。教育部组织专家编写的现行教材尽管可以再修改、完善,但它的最大好处是它给考生提供了学生最需要的作品概要和精确而恰当的分析(教材里作品前的斜体部分),对考生从作品全貌理解文学作品很有帮助。 二、文学作品与文学史的关系关于文学作品和文学史哪个在先、以及哪个更重要的问题,我们还是留给专门的学者去争论,我们要搞清楚的是考生学习过程中应该以哪一个为重点的问题。前面讲选读课的性质时已经讲过,《英美文学选读》课的重点是作品,以往考试所包括的内容也充分说明了这一点,似乎没有争论的必要。但我们不得不考虑另一个无法回避的问题:如何对待教材中每个文学阶段前对该时期影响文学作品的经济、文化、社会、思想思

自考英美文学选读要点总结第一章

Chapter I The Renaissance Period Definitions of the Literary Terms: 文艺复兴时期的界定 1. The Renaissance: The Renaissance marks a transition from the medie val to the modern world. Generally, it refers to the period between the 14 th & 17th centuries. 历史文化背景It first started in Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture & literature. From Italy the movement went to emb race the rest of Europe. The Renaissance, which means "rebirth" or "reviva l," is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, such as the re-discovery of ancient Roman & Greek culture, the new discoverie s in geography & astrology, the religious reformation & the economic expa nsion. The Renaissance, therefore, in essence is a historical period in whic h the European humanist thinkers & scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that e xpressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, & to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church. 2. 文艺复兴到英国比较晚的原因The Renaissance was slow in reaching Englan d not only becaus e o f England?s separation from the Continent but also be cause of its domestic unrest. It was not until the reign of Henry VIII that the Renaissance really began to show its effect in England. With Henry VII I?s encouragement the Oxford reformers, scholars and humanists introduc ed classical literature to England. 15th century, began the English Renaissa nce, which was perhaps England?s Golden Age, especially in literature. 人文主义H umanism: Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. It sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the ancient author s and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its consci ous, intellectual side, for the Greek and Roman civilization was based on s uch a conception that man is the measure of all things. Through the new l earning, humanists not only saw the arts of splendor and enlightenment, b ut the human values represented in the works. Renaissance humanists fou nd in the classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see th at human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfections, and that the world they inhabited was thei rs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy. Thus, by emphasizin g the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, they voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the bea uty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wond ers. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the b est representatives of the English humanists. The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimi lation.

英美文学选读试题详解3

英美文学选读-阶段测评3 成绩:87.5分 一、Multiple Choice 共40 题 题号: 1 本题分数:2.5 分 https://www.360docs.net/doc/7210211187.html,wrence’s novels( )are generally regarded as his masterpieces. A、The Rainbow,Women in Love B、The Rainbow,Sons and Lovers C、Sons and Lovers,Lady Chatterley’s Lover D、Women in Love,Lady Chatterley’s Lover (P370.para2)劳伦斯的成名作是《儿子和情人》,而其代表作是《虹》和《恋爱中的女人》 标准答案:A 考生答案:A 本题得分:2.5 分 题号: 2 本题分数:2.5 分 T.S.Eliot’s poem( )is heavily indebted to James Joyce in terms of the stream - of -consciousness technique,also a prelude to The Waste Land. A、―Prufrock‖ B、―Gerontion‖ C、The Hollow Men D、Lyrical Ballads (P358.para3)―Gerontion‖是一部用戏剧式独白写成的诗歌,是《荒原》的前奏曲,也采用了意识流派的文风。 标准答案:B 考生答案:B

本题得分:2.5 分 题号: 3 本题分数:2.5 分 https://www.360docs.net/doc/7210211187.html,wrence’s autobiographical novel is( ). A、The Rainbow B、Women in Love C、Sons and Lovers D、Lady Chatterley’s Lover (P369.para1)劳伦斯的作品大多都是从心理上去探求让人的本能的,同时也反映人性中最内在的东西。其作品《儿子和情人》真实地反映了自己在童年时期的家庭状况,被视为其半自传体小说。 标准答案:C 考生答案:C 本题得分:2.5 分 题号: 4 本题分数:2.5 分 The typical representatives of G.B.Shaw’ s early plays are( ). A、Man and Superman,The Apple Cart B、Widowers’ House,Mrs. Warren’ s Profession C、Candida,Mrs. Warren’ s Profession D、The Apple Cart,Widowers’ House (P321-322)。萧伯纳的第一步剧作是Widowers’ House,写于1892年;第二部剧作是Mrs. Warren’ s Profession,写于1893年。 标准答案:B 考生答案:B 本题得分:2.5 分 题号: 5 本题分数:2.5 分 It was only after the publication of( )that https://www.360docs.net/doc/7210211187.html,wrence was recognized as a prominent novelist.

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Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 教学设计 主题语境:“人与社会”主题群中的主题群“文学、艺术与体育” 话题:文学 适用对象:高二学生 教材分析: 本文是根据一首诗歌改编的故事,取自北师大版高中英语必修模块五Literature Spot。本文篇幅较短,但情节奇特、引人入胜:主要主人公高文爵士勇敢接受生死挑战、抵御贵妇诱惑、守诺引颈直面斧头、含愧回到亚 瑟王宫几个场景组成。 其中,对高文爵士抵御贵妇诱惑这一场景的描述只是只言片语,为了引导学生更好的理解并归纳高文爵士抵御美色诱惑这一品质,教师在教学过程中补充了对这一场景描述的两个段落,使主人公高文爵士的形象更为多面化、更为立体。 本课根据教学内容,引导学生了解主要故事情节,分析人物品质,并从文学角度--背景,探讨文章中骑士精神在当时社会所代表的内涵。

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