一般现在时--初中英语【名校学案+详细解答】

一般现在时--初中英语【名校学案+详细解答】
一般现在时--初中英语【名校学案+详细解答】

一般现在时

【概念引入】

在英语中,不同时间发生的动作和情况,要用不同的动词形式表示,这种不同的动词形式叫做动词的时态。今天我们要学习的是一般现在时。

【用法讲解】

一、一般现在时的使用范围。

1. 表示现在的状态。

例如:I’m twelve. 我十二岁。

Where’s the schoolbag? 书包在哪里?

2. 表示经常或者习惯性的动作。

例如:I have lunch every day. 我每天吃午饭。

Gina always asks: “Where is my schoolbag?”

Gina总是问:“我的书包在哪里啊?”

3. 表示客观事实或者存在。

例如: My sister is a teacher. 我姐姐是一位老师。

The earth turns around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。

4. 表示主语所具备的性格和能力。

例如:She likes English very much. 她很喜欢英语。

Bill likes beef, but he doesn’t like chicken.

比尔喜欢牛肉但是不喜欢鸡肉。

以上所述均是一般现在时的基本使用范围,除此之外一般现在时还有其他一些特殊用法,比如:一般现在时可以用在一些从句中表将来等,我们会在以后的学习中讲到。

注意:

一般现在时态经常与often(经常),sometimes(有时),always(总是),usually(通常)等副词连用,也经常与every day(每天), every week(每周), every month(每月), every term(每学期), every year(每年), once a week(一周一次),twice a year (一年两次)等时间状语连用。

例如:She gets up early every morning. 她每天早上早起。

I go to see my grandmother every month. 我每个月都去看我的奶奶。

二、谓语动词在一般现在时中的使用情况。

一般现在时态分为be动词的一般现在时和实义动词的一般现在时。

1.动词be的用法

be动词包括“am,is,are”,中文意思为“是”。这三个词的用法要随着主语的变化而变化。“am”用于第一人称单数(I);“is” 用于第三人称单数(he,she,it),以及单数可数名词或者不可数名词前; “are”用于第一人称复数(we),第二人称单数和复数(you), 第三人称复数(they)。

例如:I am a student. 我是个学生。

He / She is a student. 他/她是个学生。

We/They are students. 我们/他们是学生。

You are my teacher. 你是我的老师。

You are my teachers. 你们是我的老师。

be动词用法歌诀:

英语有个动词be,“面孔”不同要注意;

我(I)用am; 你(you)用are, is连着他(he)/她(she)/它(it);

主语单数用is ,主语复数都用are ;

变疑问,将be 往前提;变否定,be 后加not ;

句首大写莫忘记,句末标点莫丢弃。

be 动词有时可与其前面或后面的单词构成缩写形式。

I am=I’m he is= he’s

is not=isn’t are not=aren’t

注意:am 和not 没有缩写形式。

含有be 动词的一般现在时的基本句式如下:

2.实义动词的用法。

(1)概念和用法

实义动词是表示动作和状态的词。英语动词是词类中最复杂的一种,谓语动词的单复数要和主语人称和数保持一致。当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要变成三单的形式(即在动词后面加-s 或者-es )。当主语是其他人称时,谓语动词用原形。 第三人称单数的变化规则如下:

注意:有些动词的三单是特殊变化。例如:have —— has

动词第三人称单数变化的歌诀:

动词三单现在式,一般词尾加-s 。s 、x 、ch 、sh 连词尾,直接加上-es 。词尾若是字母o ,考虑是否加-es 。辅音字母+y 来结尾,变y 为i 有道理,-es 后面紧跟随,大家一定看仔细。

(2)频度副词的使用

一般现在时中,在表示经常性或者习惯性的行为时,常会使用频度副词。常用的频度副词有

always(总是), often (经常), usually (通常), sometimes(有时), seldom (很少), never (从不),频度副词要放在谓语动词之前助动词之后。

例如:

She often plays the piano after dinner.她经常饭后练钢琴。

I always get up early. 我总是起的很早。

My father usually goes out for a walk after supper. 我爸爸经常晚饭后出去散步。

She never plays computer games. 她从来不玩电子游戏。

(3)句式变化

以下是行为动词作谓语时的句式变化:

①否定句。

行为动词的一般现在时变为否定式时,要在行为动词前面加don’t 或者doesn’t;主语是第三人单数时用doesn’t,其余人称用don’t。此时后面的行为动词要用原形。

例如:He gets up very early. 他起床很早。(肯定)

He doesn’t get up very early. 他起床不很早。(否定)

I like music. 我喜欢音乐。(肯定)

I don’t like music. 我不喜欢音乐。(否定)

②一般疑问句。

一般现在时中,含有行为动词的一般疑问句就是在句首加上do 或者是does。此时,句中的谓语动词也要用原形。并且这种一般疑问句的简略回答也要用do 或者是does。

例如:I like football. 我喜欢足球。(肯定式)

Do you like football?你喜欢足球吗?(一般疑问式)

Yes, I do. 是的,我喜欢。(肯定回答)

No, I don’t. 不,我不喜欢。(否定回答)

She likes English. 她喜欢英语。(肯定句)

Does she like English? 她喜欢英语吗?(一般疑问句)

Yes, she does. 是的,她喜欢。(肯定回答)

No, she doesn’t. 不,她不喜欢。(否定回答)

③特殊疑问句

把特殊疑问词Who,Where,What,When,How以及What,How与其它词构成的词组,如:What class,How old等放在句首,加上一般疑问句,便构成各种特殊疑问句。

例如:They have lunch at about 12 o’clock. 他们大约12点吃午饭。(陈述句)Do they have lunch at about 12 o’clock?

他们大约12点吃午饭吗?(一般疑问句)

When do they have lunch? 他们什么时候吃饭?(特殊疑问句)注意:特殊疑问句不能用Yes或No回答,要视情况直接回答。

How do you do?形式上是特殊疑问句,实际上是人们初次见面时的一种问候

语。回答这种问候语只要重复原句即可,也就是相互问候。

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