a.高考英语--七选五题型大揭秘
七选五大揭秘
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题型简介
七选五是英语高考试卷中的一个重要题型，全国I,II,II卷，以及北京卷和浙江卷，都包含七选五题型。换句话说，目前除了上海、江苏、天津三个地区不考察七选五外，其余省份和地区所用的高考卷，都包含七选五题型。10分的分值，涉及地区广泛，足以说明该题型在高考试卷中的重要性。
七选五阅读可分为正文和选项两个部分，正文通常是250词左右的短文，文中有5个句子被挖空，正文后给出七个选项，要求考生根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述为主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。备选项中，个别选项间区分度不大，干扰性强，这就增加了题型的难度。如果不小心误选一题，就有可能造成连带效应，出现几个错误。总的来说，七选五的题型难度要大于传统的阅读理解题，对学生把握文章结构脉络、逻辑思维能力和语言综合运用能力，有更高的要求。
命题走向
分析历年高考真题可发现，七选五题型考查体裁，以说明文占比最高，议论文次之，而记叙文考查较少。因为说明文和议论文问题结构比较清晰，适合考查标题概括、主题句、过渡句等，从而考查学生对行文结构、脉络层次的综合分析能力。
以2013年至2017年全国卷II的七选五真题为例，题材皆为说明文，主题分别为：进行公共演讲的训练要点；时间紧的情况下的烹调建议；如何进行马拉松训练的相关建议；如何打造一个你自己的专属花园；工作中被人打断时，如何应对处理。进一步对各小题进行研究，会发现题型选项大致可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容），过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。近五年全国卷II真题考查走向如下：
解题步骤
要做好七选五题目，先要使用高效、快速的解题步骤。
1.分析选项，串联主题。
在开始解题前，了解文章的主题、大意，会让解题的方向更明确。如果文章有标题，标题往往就点出了文章的主题。如果文章没有给出标题，就需要同学们快速分析出主题。但是正文中空缺了五处，结构和逻辑可能被打断。而且阅读文章要耗费一定时间，考场上需要争分夺秒，故建议同学们直接从选项着手，勾画选项关键词，串联出文章主题。关键词包括：名词、动词、形容词、数词、代词等。因为七选五正文通常都是说明文，选项中反复出现的高频词、词组，通常就是文章的说明对象。如果7个选项中没有同一高频词、词组出现，就把各个选项的核心关键信息进行叠加，也可以总结出文章的主题。
以2013年全国卷I的题目为例，备选项如下：
A.Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set
standards for work.
B.In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative
management.
C.Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and
many hospitals.
D.However,some businesses only seek to enough to cover their operating costs
E.The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.
F.In the theory of business management,organization has two main aspects.
G.Planning in business management has three main aspects.
勾画选项关键词，会发现business,businesses,business management等信息反复出现，一定和主题相关，马上推出文章的主题就是：商业管理。
2.研究空格前后，对比选项，选择答案。
了解了文章主题，马上开始第二步：解答题目。此时需要回到文中，重点阅
读空格附近的句子，圈定线索词，再和选项进行比对，锁定和线索相关的选项，从而确定答案。如果有题目拿不准，不要把宝贵的时间耗在一道题上，在一棵树上吊死。先放过此题，继续往下，把容易的题目做完，再返回来攻克难题。此时可用的备选项已经缩小范围，选择起来难度自然小了很多。3.复读短文，核对答案。
做完了所有的题目，为了保证答案的正确性，一定要把答案代入原文，进行
核对检查。看文章从内容上、逻辑上是否通顺连贯，直白地说，就是检查文章是否读得通、读得懂，符合逻辑。
解题技巧
七选五题型最实用的技巧有二种：线索法、逻辑关系法。
1.线索法
解答一道题目，首先考虑线索法，这是最简单、最好用的方法。尤其是英语基础差的同学，用好线索法，在读不懂句子的情况下，也有很大的几率做对题目。线索法，就是在空格前后圈定线索词，然后在选项中查找该线索词的原词或同反义词复现。线索词主要包括代词、名词（尤其是时间、地点、名称等专有名词）、数词、动词等。
当选项，空格前后出现代词，一定要重视，绝对是解题的超级线索。出现代词，就说明前文中有代词指代的具体人或事物。利用这一线索，解答题目就相当的简单。
看到一个实例：
When someone else says that his memory is poor,he really means that he does not give it enough opport unity to become strong.___2___One of them exercises his arms and legs by playing tennis,while the other s its in a chair or a motor car all day.
A.Why is this?
B.What do you think of it?
C.The position is exactly the same as that of two people.
D.So if you want a good memory,learn from the poor:practice remembering.
E.Yet many people do not seem to know that the memory works in the same way.
F.When someone else says that he is poor in the health,we often say sorry to hear
that.
G.But if he tells us that he has a poor memory,many of us think that his parents are
to blame,or that he is just unlucky.
第2空后有明显的代词线索：One of them…the other…他们中的一个……另一个……马上推断出第2空中出现了“两个人”，扫读选项，C选项的“two people”正好吻合，故答案为C。
包括原词复现和同反义词复现，及正确选项和空格前后句子有
相同的词或同反义词相互呼应。抓住这些复现线索，题目自然迎刃而解。
实例分析：
____4____Whether they are basic things like brushing your teeth or doing your homework or more inv olved chores that contribute to the household,simply fulfill your responsibilities on time．
A.The people doing the chores before will greatly appreciate the help.
B.It will make your life more pleasant.
C.Everyone has certain responsibilities.
D.When speaking to a group,speak loud enough.
E.This includes,but is not limited to,your dishes and your room.
F.By being aware of these manners and traits,you can manage them sooner.
G.Depending on the problem,15minutes of effort is usually a good guideline.
第4空是段落开头，空后句子出现代词they，说明空格句子必然有一个复数名词。再从下文的responsibilities一词迅速锁定选项C，属于原词复现的情况，前后呼应。句意是：每个人都有一些职责。不管是刷牙、做家庭作业，还是……请按时完成你的职责。
需要指出的是，词语复现法解题十分管用，但这并不意味着凡与上下文有复现词的选项就一定是正确选项，只是正确的可能性更大，在解题过程中需重点考虑或优选考虑而已。是否为正确答案，还得将选项代入原文，检验选项与上下文能否自然衔接，只有上下衔接紧密的才是正确选项。
2.逻辑关系法
逻辑关系法，即通过分析句子间逻辑关系进行解题。文中出现逻辑关系词、词组时，可以快速判断出句子间的逻辑关系，是选择答案时的重要线索。
高考常见逻辑关系词、词组如下：
并列关系：and,and also,not only…but also…,similarly,likewise.
递进关系：then,besides,whats more,in addition,additionally,moreover,furthermore.
因果关系：because,since,as,therefore,hence,thus,as a result,consequently,accordingly.
转折、对比关系：but,however,on the contrary,by contrast,on the other hand,while,whereas.
让步关系：though,although,even though,even if,nevertheless,despite,in spite of.
举例关系：for example,for instance,such as…,take…for example,namely.
条件关系：if,as long as,on condition that,providing that,provided that.
实例分析：
Get a coach____1____,so get help.Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses,here are some things to look for when deciding the training that's right for you.
A.You aren't like anybody else
B.You already do lots of things well
C.Turn your back on too many rules
D.Check the rules about dos and don't s
E.Whatever the presentation,public speaking is tough
F.The one thing you don't want is for them to fall asleep
G.So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse
空后句子出现逻辑线索词so说明前后是因果关系。空后句子意思是“因此要得到帮助”，那第1空的句子就要解释原因：为什么要得到帮助。E选项public speaking is tough正好能解释原因：因为公众演讲很困难，所以要得到帮助。前后形成因果关系，所以答案为E选项。
备考策略
剖析七选五题型的命题走向和解题策略后，同学们就要进行针对性训练，逐步提升解题能力。首先要夯实自身语言基础和语篇框架分析能力。词汇关是必须要突破的。没有词汇基础，不只是七选五，所有题型的解题都只能是纸上谈兵。针对七选五题型特点，高频逻辑关系词、词组必须要熟记掌握。同时，要熟练掌握不同体裁语篇的常见框架结构，尤其是说明文和议论文。如全国卷II考查频繁地给建议型说明文，通常在首段末句点出全文主题，接下来的各段会在小标题或段落首句处给出各个说明侧重点，即具体的各条建议。最后一段，往往会进行全文的总结。建议同学们在平时的练习中，有意识地对练习语篇进行体裁、框架的分析，总结出所在地区历年真题在语篇体裁、框架上的规律，自然能以不变应万变，提升解题效率。
此外，要学会有效、高效地做练习。做练习不只是做完题目后查看解析就了事，要提高自己的解题准确率，一定要通过平时的练习，找出让自己频频丢分的考点。因此做完一篇练习后，一定要研究错题，分析出错题的考点和错误原因。持续一段时间的错题分析，你就能总结出自己的薄弱题型和相应考点。再对此类题目进行强化训练，突破短板，正确率的提升自然水到渠成。
（整理来至知乎@cc英语杨建嬉有删减）
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While current events are important, both fiction and nonfiction books can allow you to explore new ideas and points of view E. This is not time for regret or pride; the goal is to look at each experience, good or bad, as more fuel to enrich your wisdom. F. Don’t j ust scan or skip over it; read every word. G. People generally love to talk about themselves; you, on the other hand, have a harder job: to listen closely. B Laptop computers give us easy access to our emails, the Internet, or anything else you would use a computer. (6)_____ Here are some suggestions on how to select a laptop or a notebook computer: (7)_____ You are looking for a laptop that suits your needs well, so if you are frequently traveling or are going to be transporting your laptop to different locations frequently, you must want to get a laptop that is light and not one that is big and bulky. Consider what kinds of computer software programs you will be using on your laptop or notebook computer. This will help you determine what kind of operating system would be best for you. Options include getting the Windows operating system on your laptop or getting a Mac notebook. (8)_____ If you are performing more simple applications such as surfing the Internet and creating World documents, you don’t need a computer with the most processing power. These lower processing power computers are often referred to as netbooks. Consider how you will be connecting to the Internet. If you’ll be using an Ethernet cable to connect to a home network, you will want a notebook with a wired Ethernet port. (9)_____ Consider the battery life. If you will be moving around frequently and need to use your computer in places where you can’t plug it in, be sure to get a laptop with a longer battery life. Consider the security features. Some notebooks come with additional security features. (10)_____ If you will be multi-tasking and using multiple computer programs at the same time, be sure to get a notebook with more RAMs and a faster processor than normal. A. If you plan on connecting to the Internet from multiple places such as cafes or libraries, choose a computer that is Wi-Fi compatible. B. Consider how you plan on using the laptop. C. Laptops have many different sizes and features so you have to focus on what is important to you as a user. D. Consider the size of the notebook computer E. It is likely that other notebook and laptop users will have opinions about available products, so try to take them to heart when weighing your options. F. Consider upgrades and limitations. G. I t’s possible to require an extra password to gain access to the operating system.二．语法填空 On December 4th, 2006, an airbus took off on time from the capital airport of Saudi Arabia. After about an hour’s (1)______ (fly), something strange happened in the plane. The passengers (2)______ (enjoy) themselves when a small rat stole out from the bag of a young man, which made the young woman nearby (3)______(alarm) with loud screaming. Then more and more rats came out of the bag. All the passengers became out of order, especially the women and the children. The steward（机长）managed to get in touch with (4)______control center on the ground. With the order from the ground, the plane(5)_______ (succeed) landed at the nearest airport. As soon as the plane landed on the ground, all the passengers got off. Then seven specialists got on (6)______ (catch) these small creatures. Many means had been tried At last they tried to fill in the plane (8)______ carbon-dioxide, (9)______ poisoned all the eighty rats by the poisonous gas. It (10)______ (report) that the young man wanted to carry these rats to another city and sell them as pets but no one had expected that these small creatures succeeded in escaping from the bag. 三．短文改错 A. We feel very much honoring to invite you to take part in our trip to Zigui County, Hubei Province, that is the hometown of Qu Yuan, a famous Chinese poet. Our class has planned to make it a six-days trip, from July 20th to 25th. It was aimed to help learn more about the Dragon Boat Festival, one of the tradition Chinese festivals, which is observed in the honor of memorizing the great poet. During the trip we will hold such activities that visiting Zigui County, taste Zongzi with the villagers and listening the stories about Qu Yuan. We will meet at the school gate at 8:00 a.m. on July 20th then take a train there. We are looking forward to seeing you soon. B I like reading very much . When I am a little girl, I was interested in reading picture books in science. My mother is a Chinese teacher. She is always encouraging me read more. She believes it reading is a good habit, but it can help develop my thinking and learning
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