高一英语校本教研

Unit 1 Friendship

单元要点预览

语言要点(模块)

一、短语归纳

1. 做个好朋友 to be a good friend

2. 做下列调查 make the following survey

3. 合计总分 add up the score

4. 得分 get points

5. 心烦意乱地来到学校 come to school upset

6. 不理睬铃声 ignore the bell

7. 使你那个德国朋友平静下来 calm down your German friend 8. 关心你朋友 be concerned about your friend(s)

9. 松开了 get loose

10. 不得不去户外遛狗 have got to walk the dog outdoors

11. 帮他期末考试作弊 help him cheat in the end-of-term exam 12. 列出理由make a list of reasons / list the reasons 13. 记下一连串的请求 set down a series of requests 14. 根据问卷调查 according to the questionnaire 15. 根据编辑的忠告 according to the editor ’s advice

16. 为了分担你的困难 in order to share your difficulties / troubles 17. 与老板相爱 fall in love with the boss

18. 与我的同桌相处融洽 get along / on well with my deskmate 19. 关心青少年 be concerned about teenagers

20. 为了和老板面对面地交流 in order to communicate with the boss face to face 21. 信任政府 trust / believe in the government 22. 经历了太多的战争 go through too many wars 23. 相邻的城镇 neighboring towns 24. 相邻的国家 neighboring countries

四.重点词汇

1. upset adj.=unhappy ； feeling uncomfortable 心烦意乱的，不愉快的 He felt upset at the news.

vt.=make sb. unhappy 使……不安 [典例]

1). Our arrangements for the weekend were upset by her visit. 她一来把我们周末的安排给打乱了。 2). Don't upset yourself -- no harm has been done. 不要难过--并没有造成伤害。 3). He was horribly upset over her illness. 他为她的病而忧心忡忡。 4). The students really upset her. 学生们着实让她烦恼。 [重点用法]

be upset by… 被…… 打乱

upset oneself about sth 为某事烦恼 [练习] 用upset 的适当形式填空 1). Is it ______ you, dear?

2). She felt rather ______ on hearing the news. 3). Is it an ______ message?

4). Don’t be ______. It will be OK. 答案: 1). upsetting 2). upset 3). upsetting 4).upset 2. concern v. 担忧; 涉及; 关系到 n. 担心，关注；（利害）关系 [典例]

1). The news concerns your brother. 这消息与你兄弟有关。

2). The boy's poor health concerned his parents. 那男孩健康状况不佳,使他的父母亲忧虑。 3). That's no concern of mine. 那不关我的事。 [重点用法]

as / so f ar as … be concerned 关于；至于；就……而言 be concerned about 关心

be concerned at / over sth. 为某事忧虑

be concerned in sth. 牵涉到，与……有关，参与 [练习] 用concern 的适当形式填空

1). There is an article that _______ the rise of the prices.

2). The children are rather _____ about their m other’s health. 3). Officials should ______ themselves _______ public affairs. 答案: 1). concerns 2). concerned 3). concern … with

3. settle vt. 安家；定居；停留 vt. 使定居，安家；解决 [典例]

1). He settled his child in a corner of the compartment. 他把孩子安顿在车厢的一个角落里。 2). The family has settled in Canada. 这家人已定居加拿大。 3). Both wanted to settle their scores. 双方都愿意捐弃前嫌。 [重点用法]

settle down 镇定下来 settle in 在…定居 [练习] 中译英

1). 都十一点了，她安不下心来工作。 2). 题目这么难，谁能解决？

答案: 1). It’s eleven o’clock now, but she cannot settle to work.

2). Since it is so difficult, who can settle this problem?

4. suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历

[典例]

1). Do you suffer from headaches? 你常头痛吗?

2). She's suffering from loss of memory. 她患有遗忘症。

[重点用法]

suffer from/with/for sth 感到疼痛﹑不适﹑悲伤等; 受苦; 吃苦头:

[练习] 中译英

1).我们在金融危机中损失惨重。

2).他的脚痛得不得了。

答案: 1). We suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.

2). He suffers terribly with his feet.

5. disagree vt. 不同意

[典例]

1). Even friends sometimes disagree with each other. 即便是朋友也有时意见不一。

2). We disagreed on future plans. 我们对未来的计划产生了分歧。

[重点用法]

disagree with sb/what sb says/sb's decision 不同意某人的观点[某人的话/某人的决定] [练习] 中译英1). 罗马的报道与米兰的不符。2). 他不同意让我早些回家。

Key: 1). The reports from Rome disagree with those from Milan.

2). He disagreed to let me go home early.

6. ignore vt.=pay no attention to

别轻视小错，它们会造成大事故。

Don't ignore small mistakes. They may cause big accidents.

Alison ignored her doctor's advice about drinking and smoking.

ignorant adj.=knowing too little；lacking knowledge

Many people ignorant their rights.

ignorance of /about sth. n.

The workers were in complete ignorance of the management's plans.

典型考题：

Always by the parents，John feels sad in the heart but he doesn't show it.

A. ignoring

B. ignored

C. being ignored

D. to be ignoring

7. calm adj. =not excited，worried or angry；quiet

Try to keep calm, there's no need to panic.

v. =to make sb. quiet or calm

Look，calm down！We will find her.

喂，镇静一点，我们会找到她的。

We waited inside until things calmed down.

我们待在室内，直到一切都恢复了平静。

典型考题：

The police chief advised his men to stay and not lose tempers.

A. still

B. quiet

C. silent

D. calm 五.重点词组（旨在提供综合运用所需材料）

1. add up 加起来

[典例] 1). Add up your scores and see how many points you can get.

把你的得分加起来，看看你能得几分。

2). Tom, what do ten, twenty and five add up to?

汤姆，10，20和5加起来是多少？

[短语归纳]

add (…) to …. （把什么）加入…中add up to … 加起来是

[练习] 用add的适当形式或构成的词组填空

1). Will you _____ some more students to this project?

2). Small numbers _____ a large one.

3). 50 _______ 50 equals 100.

答案: 1). add 2). add up to 3). Added

高考链接：

There have been several new events to the program for 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.

A. add

B. to add

C. adding

D. added

2. go through 经历；经受

[典例] 1). The country has gone through too many wars. 这个国家经历了太多的战争。

2). She's been through a bad patch recently. 她最近经历了一段困难时期。

[短语归纳]

go after追求，追赶go ahead前进；请说（做）吧

go by走过，（时间）过去go along with向前，（与……）一起去

go in for爱好，从事go out外出；（灯，火）熄灭

go over越过；复习go up爬上，（价格等）上升

[练习] 用go 构成的词组填空

1). It is wise not to ____ with this plan.

2). Prices ______ a little now. People are happy.

3). Anyway, don’t always_______ at night by yourself.

4). I am tired. I want to _____ now.

答案: 1). go on with 2). go up 3). go home 4). go to bed

3.on purpose 故意，有目的地

[典例]

The boy broke Jack’s window on purpo se. He wanted to frighten Jack.

那男孩是故意打破杰克的窗玻璃的，他想吓一下杰克。

[短语归纳]

do sth. on purpose: 故意做某事on purpose 表示故意地、有企图、有目的地

[练习]用purpose的相关词汇填空

1). He didn’t do it ______.

2). What was your ____ ?

答案: 1). on purpose 2). purpose

4. get along with 与某人相处；(工作的) 进展

[典例]1). He is not easy-going. It’s very hard to get along with him 他不是个随和的人，很难相处。

2). How are you getting along with your work? 工作进展如何？

[短语归纳]

get along/on well/ nicely/ badly with 与……相处得好/不好，……进展顺利/不顺利

get away离开，逃离get down下来；写下，取下

get down to (doing)开始认真干……get over克服，摆脱

get through通过，做完get together聚集

[练习] 中译英

1). 你现在和同事相处得好不好? 2). 她已重新获得从前那份工作。

答案: 1). Are you getting along well with your colleagues? 2). She's got her old job back.

5. in order to… 为了……（可置于句首或句中）

[典例] 1). She arrived early in order to get a good seat. 她到得很早, 图的是得个好座位。

2). I agreed to her suggestion in order not to upset her. 我同意她的建议是为了不让她伤心。

[短语归纳] in order that…以便……（后跟句子）so that…以便……（后跟句子）

so as to为了……（只能置于句中，不能置于句首）

[练习] 中译英

1．他早早动身好按时到达。2．她拼命干以便能到6点时把一切都准备好。

答案: 1．He left early in order to/so as to/in order that/so that he should/would/might arrive on time.

2. In order to get everything ready by 6 o'clock, she worked hard.

高考链接：

prevent her from attending the meeting，he took away the key to their car .

A. So as to，by mistake

B. In order to，on purpose

C. In order to，to her surprise

D. So as to，in surprise

6. set down=write down

I have the details set down here in my notes.

我已将详细内容记到了我的笔记本上。

Why don't you set your plan down on a paper.

=put down

Please set me down at the next corner.请在下一个拐角处让我下车。

set out 出发，开始set up 建立set off 动身，出发

词组辨析：

He was asked _________ the facts just as he remembered them.

We _________at 3 o'clock this morning.

The government has _________a committee to inquire into the problem.

7.face to face 面对面地(在句中作状语)face-to-face 面对面的(作定语)

类似的还有heart to heart 坦诚地

shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地

back to back 背对背地

Ex.

She stood __________ (面对面地) with him.

We had ________________ (面对面的交谈).

That night they talked ____________ (坦诚地) with each other.

8. should have done sth本来应该做某事(而实际上没做，含有责备的意味)

should not have done 本来不该做某事(而实际上已做)

He looks upset. I _________________ _______________. (本不该告诉他这个坏消息）You are late. You ________________ _________________. (本应该早五分钟来）

高考链接：

I told your friend how to get to the hotel，but perhaps I have driven her there.

A. could

B. must

C. might

D. should

9. get …to do = have …do使……做……

get …doing=have …doing 使……一直做

He got/had the light burning all the night.

get…done=have…done 使……被……

I got my watch lost.

He had his homework finished yesterday.

高考链接：

You should understand the traffic rule by now. You've had it often enough.

A. explaining

B. to explain

C. explain

D. explained

选用列词组的正确形式填空。

on purpose；no longer；hide away；set down；in order to；face to face

1. I don't know why they had to ___________ for such a long time.

2. You make it sound as if I did it ___________！

3. I think it is ___________ a secret. It is being talked everywhere in the town.

4. Why dare you not speak to Harry ______________？

5. You needn't __________ everything that the teacher says in class.

6. ____________ earn enough money，he often works late into the night.

六.重点句子（旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）

1. Mom asked her if (whether) she was very hot with so many clothes on.

妈妈问她穿那么多衣服是不是很热。

[解释] with复合结构：

with + 宾语+ v. –ing / v. –ed / to do / adj. / adv. / prep. phrases

由“介词with+宾语+宾语补足语” 构成的复合结构在句中通常作为状语，表示背景情况，为方式，原因或条件等，另外，该结构也可以作为定语使用。下面简述几种情况：

1) 如果在该结构中的分词表示的动作是由前面的名词或代词发出的，构成主谓关系，该分词用现在分词形式。

2) 如果分词表示的动作与前面的名词或代词构成动宾关系，该分词用过去分词形式。

3) 宾语补足语也可以使用介词短语，形容词或副词来充当。

[典例]

1.with + 宾语+ 副词，如：

The square looks more beautiful with all the lights on (= while all the lights are on).

With his parents away (= As his parents are away), Tom becomes more naughty.

2.with + 宾语+ 介词短语，如：

The teacher came in with a book in his hand (= while a book was in his hand).

The girl looked up with tears in her eyes (= while tears were in her eyes).

3.with + 宾语+ 现在分词，如：

With summer corning (= As summer is corning), the weather is becoming hotter and hotter.

With the teacher standing beside (= As the teacher was standing beside)，she felt a bit uneasy.

4.with + 宾语+ 过去分词，如：

With the work done (= As the work had been done), she felt greatly relieved.

With his hair cut (= As his hair has been cut), he looks much younger.

5.with + 宾语+ 不定式，如：

With her to go with us (= As she will go with us), we're sure to have a pleasant journey.

With Mr Smith to teach them English next term（= As Mr Smith will teach them English) , they will be greatly improved in spoken English.

[练习] 中译英：

1. 那房子昨晚发生火灾，结果里面的东西都烧光了。

2. 下学期史密斯先生教他们英语，他们的口语会大有提高。

3. 随着冬天的到来，天气越来越冷。

答案：1. The house caught a big fire last night , with nothing left in it.

2. With Mr Smith to teach them English next term , they will be greatly improved in spoken English.

2. I don’t set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do … 我不愿意像大多数人那样在日记中记流水帐……

[解释] as引导的从句为比较状语从句，意为“像大多数人那么做”。

as 用作连词，可引导下列状语从句：

1). 引导状语从句，强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语的同时性

As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening.

随着他年纪越来越大，他失去了对所有事物的兴趣，除了园艺。

2). 引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然，即使”（从句需倒装）

Cold as it is, my brother wears only a shirt. 尽管天气冷，我哥只穿了一件衬衫。

3). 引导方式状语从句，表示“以……方式”。

Why didn’t you take the medicine as I told you to? 为什么你没有按我说的服这药？

4). 引导原因状语从句(=since; because)，“由于，因为”。

As you were not there, I left a message. 因为当时你不在那，所以我给你留了便条。

5) 引导比较状语从句。

She is as tall as you. 她和你一样高。

[练习] 中译英

1. 随着年龄的增长我越来越对科学感兴趣。

2. 由于雨下得很大，你最好穿上雨衣。

3. 他学习很努力，但考试还是没及格。

答案：1. As l get older l get more interested in science．

2. As it is raining hard，you'd better put on your raincoat．

3. Hard as he worked，he failed in the exam．

3. It is/was the…time that… ……第几次……

[解释] that从句中的谓语动词一般用完成时态。

1). It is the first time that he has heard this song.

[练习] 中译英

1 这是他第二次来中国。

2．这是我第一次举办画展。

答案：1. It is the second time that he has come to China.

2. It was the first time that I had held an art exhibition.

4. I wonder if /whether…我不知是否……

I wonder if it will rain tomorrow.

I wonder if you can help me.

典型例题：

I wonder who he is，where he came from and why he came.

5. She found it difficult to settle…

She 主语found 谓语it 形式宾语difficult 宾补to settle… 真正宾语

find/ make/ think/ it +宾补+to do

I find it difficult to talk with you about anything serious.

I think it necessary to tell them all about the matter.

典型考题：

I don't think _________possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.

A. this

B. that

C. its

D. it

6. 强调句

It is/was + 被强调部分+that/who+其他成分

①It was at 8 o'clock _____ I went back home last night.

A. that

B. when

C. which

D. what

②__________you missed such a fine lecture？

A. How it was that

B. It was how that

C. How was it that

D. Was it how that

③I just wonder _______ that makes you so excited.

A. why it does

B. what he does

C. how it is

D. what it is

高考链接：

It was not until she got home __ Mary realized she had lost her keys.

A. that

B. when

C. where

D. before

七、重点语法：直接引语变间接引语

1. 概念：直接引语和间接引语都是宾语从句，但直接引语放在引号内，不用连接词连接，间接引语不用引号，通常用连接词连接主句。

（一）如何变人称：

口诀：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。

“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如：

She said. “My brother wants to go with me. ”→She said her brother wanted to go with her.

“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称。如：

He said to Kate.“How is your sister now?”→ He asked Kate how her sister was then.

“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。如：

Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good worker.”→ Mr. Smith sa id Jack was a good worker.

（二）时态的变化

①如果引述动词为现在时态，间接引语的动词可以保持原来的时态。

He says, “I have been writing a novel.”------- He says that he has been writing a novel.

He says:"that's all right."----- He says that's all right.

②如果引述动词为过去时态，间接引语中的时间就要往后推，即现在时间推至过去时间，过去时间推至过去的过去，将来时间推至过去将来时间。具体变化见下表：

She said:"I am a student."------- She said (that) she was a student.(一般现在时变成一般过去时)

She said："He will go to see his friend"-----She said he would go to see his friend.(一般将来时变成过去将来时)

Tom said:"I am going to play basketball tomorrow."

The teacher said, “You are doing OK.”老师说：“你们干得很不错。”

The teacher said we were doing OK. 老师说我们干得很不错。（现在进行时变为过去进行时）

She said, “I am reading a book."

I asked her, “Where have you spent your holiday?”我问她：“你去哪里度假了？”

I asked her where she had spent her holiday. 我问她去哪里度假了。（现在完成时变为过去完成时）

She said, “I went to Shanghai.” 她说：“我去过上海。”

She said that she had gone to Shanghai. 她说她去过上海。（过去时变为过去完成时）

He said, “I had finished my work before 10 o’clock.” 他说：“我在十点钟前就完成工作了。”

He said that he had fi nished his work before 10 o’clock.. 他说他在十点钟前就完成工作了。（过去完成时不变）

注意以下几种情况：时态不变

1.直接引语是客观真理。

The teacher said, “The earth moves around the sun."------ The teacher said the earth moves around the sun.

2. 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。

Jack said:"I was doing chores when Tom came in."----Jack said he was doing chores when Tom came in.

3. 直接引语中有具体的过去的某年某月某日，变间接引语时，时态不变。

Jack said:"I was born on April 21,1980"-------- Jack said he was born on April 21,1980.

4. 直接引语是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作时，变间接引语，时态不变。

He said:"I get up at six every morning."----- He said he gets up at six every morning.

5.如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式或已经是过去时的形式，不用变。

The doctor said ,"You should stay in bed for 2 days."----- The doctor said I should stay in bed for 2 days. （三）如何变状语。

时间状语由“现在”变为“原来”

地点状语here变为there

“We’ll leave here tomorrow,” he said.他说：“我们明天离开这里。”

He said that they would leave there the next day.他说他们将在第二天离开那里。

指示代词由“此”变为“彼”：this-----that, these-----those

He said:"This book is mine."---- He said that book was his.

动词come变成go

（四）如何变换句型

1.陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句，that可以省略。如：

He said,“I'm happy.”------- He said （that）he was happy.

2.一般疑问句，反义疑问句，选择疑问句变为由if或whether引导的宾语从句，翻译成“是否”如：He asked me,“Does his father know Mr Green?”

---He asked me if his father knew Mr Green.

3.特殊疑问句变为由who, what, where, how等疑问词(连接代词或连接副词)引导的宾语从句，宾语从句必须用陈述语序。如：

He asked me,“Where is Mr Wang?”---He asked me where Mr Wang was.

（注：He asked me,“Which is the best?"

She asked me:"What is in the classroom?"

Unit 1 Friendship导学案

一、重点短语

1.合计

2.使平静下来

3.不得不，必须

4.关心，挂念

5.经历，经受

6.记下，放下，登记

7.一连串的，一套8.故意

9.为了…10.在黄昏时刻

11.面对面地12.不再

13.遭受，患病14.对…厌烦

15.将…装箱打包16.与…相处

17.相爱，爱上18.参加

二、核心词汇

1. Within a few days Mary had become seriously ill, (遭受) great pain.

2. She was very （心烦）to hear that she failed in the exam again.

3. When I saw him in the street, I stopped and smiled, but he （不理会）me and walked on.

4.All children like to play (在户外) instead of staying indoors when the weather is fine.

5. We are all _________ about our children’s health. As far as I am __________, lack of enough sleep _________ the healthy growth of the children deeply.(concern)

6. It took a long time for him to __________ (恢复) from a bad cold.

7.He (不同意)with his parents on most things.

8. Since it is so difficult, who can (解决) the problem.

9.We are (感激的) to you for the help you have given us.

10. The big earthquake that happened in Yushu destroyed the town of Yushu (完全地)。

11. According to the law, t are not allowed to smoke or drink.

12. After he came to , everyone said he was a leader, but now he felt so

that he even can’t save his daughter.(power).

三、重点句式

1．，you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.遛狗时，你太粗心，一松手狗就被车撞了。

2．I wonder if I haven’t been able to be outdoors for long ，I’ve grown so everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。

3. She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months . 她和家人躲藏了将近25个月，后来被发现了。

4.It was the first time in a year and a half that .

这是我一年半一来第一次目睹夜晚。

5.Are you afraid that your friend would not understand ? 你是不是担心你的朋友不能理解你目前所处的困境呢？

6. I don’t want to ____________________________________ in a diary as most people do. 我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记录流水账。

7.There was a time when a deep blue sky, moonlight and flowers _______________________________.在以前，湛蓝的天空、月光和鲜花从未如此令我神往过。

四、句子翻译

1.现在我和同学间有些麻烦。

。

2.我们的体育老师经常让我们参加体育运动。

。

3.当他打电话的时候我碰巧出去。

。

4.几个月以来这是我第一次真的感到放松了。

。

5.他喜欢开着窗子睡觉。

。

6.他们发现马上解决这个问题很有必要。

。

7.我喜欢这个电影明星已经有七年了。

。

8.我厌倦了坐在电脑前，咱们散步去吧。

.

五、语法之直接引语变间接引语

1. Mr. Wang said, “I will leave for Shanghai on business next month, children”。

2. She said, “Did you meet this man at the station two hours ago, Mr. Li?

”

3. My uncle said, “Practice makes perfect.”

4. She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus.”

5. “What did you do here yesterday?” the old man asked my brother.

6. He said to Kate, “How is your sister now?”

7. Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good worker.”.

8. I asked her, “Where have you spent your holiday?”

9. Jack said: "I was born on April 21,1980"

10. I asked, “Will you take a bus or a train?”

11 .He says, “I took part in a speech contest last week.”

12. “You haven't been to Beijing, have you?”, asked he.

13.She asked me, “What's the matter with you?”

Unit 2 English around the world

单元要点预览

一、短语归纳

1. go to the pictures 去看电影（美）；go to the movies 去看电影（英）

2. …list the countries that use English as an official language 列举把英语用作官方语言的国家

3. the road to …通向……之路

4. at the end of 在……末端，在……尽头，by the end 最后（=finally ）

5. native English speakers 以英语作为母语的人

6. be different from … 与……不同 be different in … 在……不同

7. make (great/ good/better/full)use of 8. the largest number of 大多数的

9. different English speaking countries 不同的说英语的国家 10. sing sb a song = sing a song for sb

11. hold on 坚持住，握住不放；(打电话时)不挂断，等—会hold on to vt. 拉住(抓牢) 12. believe it or not 信不信由你

13. play a role/ part (in) 在…中担任角色；在…中起作用;扮演一个角色；参与 14. from one place to another 从一个地方到另一个地方 15. the same …as … 与……一样 16. No problem.没问题

17. a nice fall day = a lovely autumn day 18. at the top of …在…顶上，在最高位， at the bottom of 在……底部 19. keep fit

20. build up 逐渐积聚，集结；逐步建立；增进，增强 21. by candle light 借助于烛光

22. be satisfied with …对……感到满意，满足于

23. at sea 在海上 当海员 迷惑, 茫然by sea 乘船，经海路

24. according to … 按照…… He lives according to her means 他按他的方式生活

三、词性变化

四.重点词汇

1、more than

(1)、more than + num.,意为“超过，多于”，相当于over。

eg：It’s very hard to concentrate like that for more than half an hour.

(2)、more than one + n.（单数）意为“不止一个……”，在语意上虽为复数，但作主语时，谓语动

词用单数形式。

eg：More than one girl holds such a view in this school.

(3)、more than +n.,意为“不只是，不仅仅”。

eg：Her speech was more than good. It was perfect.

注：more than修饰名词、数词、动词，还是修饰形容词、副词、分词以及整个句子，都要放在被

修饰成分的前面。

【拓展】

no more than 仅仅，不过not more than 不超过，至多more …than …比…更…；与其说…倒不如说…

2、command

（1）、n. 命令，指令；控制；掌握

eg：The officer is fond of giving commands.

（2）、vt.命令；只会

command sb to do sth 命令某人做某事

command that…（should）do 命令…

eg：He commanded his men to retreat.

= He commanded that his men (should) retreat.

【拓展】

under sb’s command 在某人的指挥之下

give a command 发布指挥

have a good command of…精通…

3、request

（1）n. 请求；要求

eg：Jim made a request for a computer from hia parents.

（2）vt. 要求；请求

request sth from sb 向某人要求某物

request + n + to do sth 请求/要求…

request that …（should）do 要求…

eg：The teacher requested that we (should) come an hour earlier.

The wrokers request a rise in the salary.

【链接】

后跟名词性从句，从句需要用虚拟语气（should do）的动词归纳：

一个“坚持”（insist）

两道“命令”（order，command）

三条“建议”（suggest，propose，advise）

四点“要求”（demand，desire，request，require）

4 come up

(1)（人）走近；靠近

He came up smiling to me 他微笑着向我走来

(2)（太阳，月亮）升起

The sky was dark blue and clear when the moon came up. 月亮出来时，天空是深蓝色的，非常晴朗

(3)出席；出现

I came up for interview but didn’t get the job.

我到场接受了面议，但并没得到工作

(4)发芽；长出

New shoots of bamboo will come up from around the roots of the old ones.

从老（竹）竿的根周围又会长出新的幼芽（竹笋）来

【拓展延伸】

come up with (针对问题等)提出，想出，提供

come about 发生

come across 邂逅

come out 出版；开花

come to 达到；苏醒；谈到

come after 跟在……后面

come along 一起来，过来

come down 下来，败落

come on 加油，跟我来，进行，进展

come in 进来

【即境活用】

He_____to Beijing days ago; and he will work for months as a visiting professor in Beijing University.

A. come up

B. camp up

C. went down

D. leaves for

【答案】B 考查动词短语的辨析。come up to 此处意思是“到达----”符合题意。时态与ago保持一致。

5. make use of 利用；使用

[典例]

1). You ought to make good use of any opportunity to practise English. 你应该好好利用机会练习英语。

[短语归纳]

make good use of 好好利用make full use of 充分利用

make the best/most of 充分利用

【即境活用】

1). 要充分利用一切机会说英语。

_______________________________________________________________________________

2).我们要很好地发挥她的才能。

_______________________________________________________________________________

答案: 1). Make full use of every chance you have to speak English.

2). We will make good use of her talents.

祈使句直接引语变间接引语

当我们转述祈使句时，通常将原句中的动词变为动词不定式，并在不定式的前面加上ask, order, tell等转述动词，如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式的前面加上not

1. 一般变化

(1) 如果直接引语是表示命令、请求的祈使句，通常将祈使句的动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定式前加上动词ask, tell, order, advise, invite, request, warm, beg, command, encourage等，其中动词的使用须视句义与说话者当时的语气或态度而定

注意：

a. 间接引语中引述动词不能用say。

b. 如果祈使句是否定形式，则不定式前加上否定词never或not。

c. 祈使句中的please在间接引语中必须省去。

(2)非祈使句形式的请求、命令等的直接引语变为间接引语，变法同上。

“Please sit down and have a rest.” she said to us.

= She asked us to sit down and have a rest.

【点拨】依据说话者的语气，注意转述动词的选择。

2. 特殊变化

（1）若直接引语是表示“建议”的祈使句或疑问句，通常变为“suggested+宾语从句(或动名词)”结构

He said,” Let’s go to the park.”

= He suggested(our) going to the park.

【点拨】表示建议、要求、劝告的祈使句都可以用此句型

（2）直接引语是感叹句时，间接引语可以用what或how引导，也可以用that引导She said,” What a lovely day it is!”

=She said what a lovely day it was.=She said that it was a lovely day.

【典型例题】

1. The teacher asked us _____ so much noise.

A. don’t make

B. not make

C. not making

D. not to make

【解析】选D。考查ask后面复合宾语的用法，即ask somebody to do以及不定式的否定形式，即not to do。

2. —Please don’t stamp the grass.

—Pardon?

—I ____ stamp the grass.

A. tell you don’t

B. tell you not to

C. told you didn’t

D. told you not to

【解析】选D。考查时态。根据情景，应意为“我刚才告诉你……”，故主体时态应是I told you；另外应注意的一点和上题一样，即不定式的否定式是not to do。

【语法专练】

将下列句子变为间接引语：

1. Mother said to her .daughter, “Hurry up !”

_____________________________________________________________

2. “Come at five o’clock ,”she said to him .

_____________________________________________________________

3. “Don’t swim too far, ”I said .

_____________________________________________________________

4.He said , “ Let’s leave the luggage at the station .”

_____________________________________________________________

5.”Let me stay up a lit tle longer tonight , mother .”he begged .

_____________________________________________________________

6. He said ,”Happy birthday .”

_____________________________________________________________

Unit 2 English around the world 导学案

一、重点单词与句子 1. 电梯；升降机 2. 官方的；正式的；公务的

3. 航行；航海

4. 本国的；本地的 n.本地人；本国人

5. <美>公寓住宅

6. 实际上;事实上

7. 以……为依据

8. 逐渐的；逐步的

9. 本身；本体；身份 10. 频繁的，常见的 11. 词语；表示；表达 12. 命令；指示；掌握 13. 辨认出；承认；公认 14. 口音；强调；重音 15. 闪电 16. 直接；挺直；adj.直的；笔直的 17. 街区；木块； 18. 较后的；后半的 二．重点短语 1. 在16世纪末 2. 作航海旅行 3. 因为 4. 与以往相比 5. 在一段时间里 6. 交流 7. 以……为基础 8. 目前，现在 9. 利用 10. 例如…… 11. 信不信由你 12. 不同于…… 13. 世界各地 14. 和……一样 15. 参与；扮演角色 16. 词汇表达 17. 即使 牢记课本中的典型句型与长难句。 1. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don ’t speak the same kind of English.

2. It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.

3. Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150, English became less like German because those who ruled

England spoke first Danish and later French.

4. However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak.

5. Believe it or not, there is no rush hour is no such thing as standard English.

6. This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English. 三、词汇运用 1. base v./n.

我们应该把观点建立在事实基础上。（汉译英）

_________________________________________________________ → 变为被动句式：_________________________________________ https://www.360docs.net/doc/742727944.html,mand

(1) vt . He ________________________(命令我们) start at once. →He commanded that ___________________________.

(2)n . You are expected to ____________(精通) English as a secretary. 3.request vt.

We request the famous musician ________(give) us an honour. →We request that famous musician _______ (give) us an honour. 4.这个城镇变化太大，你会认不出来。（汉译英）

_____________________________________________________ 5.她在会议上提出了一些新的想法。（汉译英）

默写原句 1.这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是好的英语。 _______________________________________________________________ 2.信不信由你，世界上没有什么标准英语。 3.不管你信不信，他已经放弃了他毕生追求的事业。（believe it or not ） _____________________________________________________________ 4.他意识到自己错了。（recognize ） _____________________________________________________________ 根据词义，写出正确形式 1. base ：She was chosen for the job_________________(根据)her ideas. https://www.360docs.net/doc/742727944.html,mand (1) He commanded that we__________________(来)here at once. (2) He___________________(掌握)the French language. 3. request (1) I requested him________________(帮助)me. (2) He requested that I__________________(毁掉) the letter. 4. come up (1) Your question ______________________(提出) at the meeting. (2) She _____________________(想出) a new idea for increasing sales. 1. The general gave a___________(命令)that all soldiers should go to the front.

2. Mastering words and ___________(表达) is a very important part in English learning.

3. You should sit_____________(正直地)and listen carefully in class.

4. It was___________(以……为基础)more on German than the English we speak at present.

5. In summer, when a thunderstorm comes up, there is always_________(闪电) and thunder.

6. I ’m sure he is from the southeast according to his __________(口音).

7. He had lost his _________(身份) card.

8. Every year in the ______________(东南方的) China, people suffer a lot from the storms. 9. We must speak English _________(经常地) in order to improve our spoken English.

2. The accident happened ______________________ his carelessness.

3. ____________________, we have to focus on our study as the exams are coming?

4. If you want to succeed, you must____________________ your time.

5.

There are many kinds of books on the shelf, _________________novels, poems and so on.